Survey of Advanced Technology Program 1990-1992 Awardees: Company Opinion About the ATP and its Early Effects January 30, 1996 Prepared by: Silber & Associates Dr. Bohne Silber 13067 Twelve Hills Road Clarksville, MD 21029-1144

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Press Release Announcing Silber Study.............................................................. -*- Executive Summary................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One: Introduction.................................................................................... 6   Background.................................................................................................... 6   Methodology.................................................................................................. 7   Survey Questionnaire.................................................................................... 8   Respondents................................................................................................... 8   The Projects................................................................................................... 10 Chapter Two: Impact of the ATP Award............................................................ 11   General Overview......................................................................................... 11   The Positive Side............................................................................... 11     The Negative Side............................................................................. 12   Increased Ability to Afford and Engage in High-Risk Research.................. 14     Likelihood of Pursuing the Technology With the Same Goals, Level of Effort, and Speed Without ATP.............................. 18     Changes in Corporate Investment..................................................... 20   Stimulated Collaboration and Formation of Strategic Alliances................. 21     Extent of Collaboration................................................................... 23     General Benefits of Collaboration................................................... 24     Specific Benefits of Collaboration.................................................. 27     Problems from Collaborating.......................................................... 31     Relationships with Collaborative Partners...................................... 33   Shortened the R & D Cycle.......................................................................... 37   Accelerated Commercialization of the ATP-Related Technology.............. 39   Increased Credibility.................................................................................... 41   Aided Attraction of Additional Funding...................................................... 44   Improved Competitive Standing................................................................... 46   Increased Employment................................................................................. 48   Other Important Impacts............................................................................... 50     Creating New Technologies with Multiple Applications.................... 50     Changing the Way of Doing Business.................................................. 50     Creating New Business Opportunities................................................. 53     Improving Quality and Performance.................................................... 55     Sharing Non-Proprietary Information.................................................. 56     Exposure to Technology...................................................................... 58 Chapter Three: Business Goals and Plans to Commercialize............................. 59   Progress Toward Commercialization............................................................ 60   Strategies for Commercialization.................................................................. 65 Chapter Four: Satisfaction Working with NIST and the ATP........................ 68   Personnel...................................................................................................... 68     NIST Technical Support...................................................................... 68     ATP Professional Staff.......................................................................... 69   The Program Overall.................................................................................. 71 Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire........................................................................ 73 Appendix B: List of Survey Participants................................................................... 105 Appendix C: List of 1990-1992 ATP Projects........................................................... 117

LIST OF TABLES

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Table 1 ATP's Impact on Participant's Ability to Engage in High- Risk Research, Reported by Year of Award................................................... 14 Table 2 Specific Benefits of Collaboration................................................................. 28 Table 3 Effectiveness of Relationships with Collaborators......................................... 36 Table 4 Sources of Additional Funding...................................................................... 45 Table 5 Early Effect of ATP Award on Employment.................................................. 49 Table 6 Dissemination of Results................................................................................ 57 Table 7 Progress Toward Commercialization.............................................................. 63 Table 8 Strategies for Commercialization................................................................... 66

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure 1 Likelihood of Developing Technology Without the ATP Award, Shown With Changes in the Level of Effort and Rate of Progress............. 18 Figure 2 To what extent has your company benefited from the collaborative relationships related to your ATP project?................................................. 24 Figure 3 Based on the ATP experience, will your company pursue more joint ventures?.............................................................................. 34 Figure 4 Years Ahead of Schedule Because of ATP Award..................................... 37 Figure 5 Importance of Speed to Market................................................................... 39 Figure 6 Among whom do you enjoy increased credibility or awareness?............... 41 Figure 7 Extent to Which Change in Competitive Standing is Due to ATP Award 46 Figure 8 Will your organization be directly involved in commercializing any product, process or service resulting from the ATP project?.............. 59 Figure 9 Percent of Participants Expecting to Earn Revenue by the End of 1995 From ATP-Related Efforts......................................... 61 Figure 10 Anticipated Markets for ATP Technologies.............................................. 62