Current Bibliographies in Medicine 98-1

Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury

January 1988 through August 1998, plus selected earlier citations

2563 Citations

Prepared by
Ronald L. Gordner, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Stephen M. Tuel, M.S.E., M.D., National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

1998 September

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health

National Library of Medicine
Reference Section
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20894

Series Note
Table of Contents for this bibliography
Introduction to this bibliography
Sample Citations

Series Note

Each bibliography in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE®, AVLINE®, BIOETHICSLINE®, CANCERLIT®, CATLINE®, HEALTHSTAR^tm, POPLINE^tm, and TOXLINE®. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered.

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Current Bibliographies in Medicine
Reference Section
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Series Note

Introduction

Sample Citations

Bibliography:

OVERVIEW OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY REHABILITATION

General Overview

Pediatric Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury

Rehabilitation in the Aged for Traumatic Brain Injury

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Epidemiology and Etiology of Traumatic Brain Injury

Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury

Prevention of Traumatic Brain Injury

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND REHABILITATION

Social Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury and Rehabilitation

Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Family and Caregivers

Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Education

Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Employment

Psychosocial Adjustment of Traumatic Brain Injury

Quality of Life in Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury Community Re-entry and Other Social Issues

Age and Gender Issues of Traumatic Brain Injury

Economic Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury

Ethical Issues of Traumatic Brain Injury

Medicolegal Issues of Traumatic Brain Injury

BIOMECHANICS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND RECOVERY

Biomechanics and Pathophysiology

Cellular Recovery and Neuronal Plasticity in Traumatic Brain Injury

COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Alzheimer's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury

Other Memory Changes and Cognitive Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

Behavioral Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

INTERVENTIONS FOR COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Behavioral Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

Cognitive Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Compensatory Approaches and Remediation of Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Other Cognitive Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury

Computers, Software, and Technological Devices in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Exercise and Movement Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury

Pharmacotherapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

Psychotherapy and ArtsTherapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

Vocational Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Other Interventions and Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTIVE OUTCOME OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND THEIR THERAPIES

General Medical Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Coma and Vegetative State in Traumatic Brain Injury

Endocrine and Metabolic Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Fever in Traumatic Brain Injury

Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Immune Functions and Infectious Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurological and Motor Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Nutritional Manifestations and Therapies of Traumatic Brain Injury

Ophthalmological and Vision Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Oral and Dental Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Pain in Traumatic Brain Injury

Psychiatric Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Pulmonary Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Sensory, Perceptual, and Spatial Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Sexuality Issues and Sexual Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

Speech, Hearing, and Language Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Substance Abuse in Traumatic Brain Injury

Vestibular and Balance Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

Other Medical Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

MODELS FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY REHABILITATION

Overview of Interdisciplinary Treatment Models for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Intensive Care Unit/Acute Neurological Setting Models forTraumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Post Acute Outpatient of Day Care Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Post Acute Residential Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Vocational and Cognitive Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurobehavioral Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

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Introduction

REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Each year in the United States an estimated 1.5 to 2 million people incur traumatic brain injury (TBI), defined as brain damage from externally-inflicted trauma to the head. In up to 90,000 of these individuals, the TBI is so severe that that they are left with irreversible, debilitating losses of functioning--physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. TBI strikes people across the age range, principally from automobile crashes, sports accidents, falls, and acts of violence. The number of people surviving TBI has increased significantly in recent years because of more effective emergency care, transportation to specialized treatment facilities, and acute medical management, but TBI is the leading cause of disability among children and young adults.

Although TBI can cause chronic physical impairments, often the individual has more disability due to problems with cognition, emotional functioning, and behavior in connection with interpersonal relationships, school, or work. The result is frequently a dramatic change in the individual's life-course, profound disruption of the family, and huge medical and related expenses over a lifetime. Rehabilitation efforts can require years of treatment, starting in the hospital and extending through formal inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation to a variety of day treatment or residential programs.

Less severe injuries, sometimes called mild TBI, may cause functional problems that become evident only in particular circumstances. Emotional stress, fatigue, complex environments, and new situations can overwhelm the coping ability of the person with TBI, leading to an inability to function appropriately. Often these episodic or situational problems are difficult to evaluate, and the rehabilitation of mild TBI is especially challenging.

The following bibliography was produced in support of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Rehabilitation of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury, which was initiated by the Traumatic Brain Injury Act of 1996 and held in Bethesda, Maryland, on October 26-28, 1998. The purpose of the consensus conference was to reach an agreement on the following questions: what is the epidemiology of TBI in the United States, and what are its implications for rehabilitation; what are the consequences of TBI in terms of pathophysiology, impairments, functional limitations, disabilities, societal limitations, and economic impact; what is known about mechanisms underlying functional recovery following TBI and what are the implications for rehabilitation; what are the common therapeutic interventions for the cognitive and behavioral sequelae of TBI, what is their scientific basis, and how effective are they; and what are common models of comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary rehabilitation for people with TBI, what is their scientific basis, and what is known about their short-term and long-term outcomes? Based on the answers to these questions, what can be recommended regarding rehabilitation practices for people with TBI; and what research is needed to guide the rehabilitation of people with TBI?

The bibliography includes references that provide background for the main topics of the Conference agenda and other areas of interest that may include some acute care references that determine rehabilitaton outcomes. Included are selected English language journal articles, books, book chapters, and technical reports primarily ranging from January 1988 through August 1998. Some categories such as Biomechanics and Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Recovery include animal studies and older selected references. References within each subject category are listed alphabetically by author, and citations may be indexed to more than one category. The section on Interdisciplinary Treatment Models also contains references dealing with program evaluation, standards, and treatment protocols.

The compilers wish to thank panel members of the Consensus Development Conference on Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury who reviewed citations or provided additional citations for the bibliography.

Any reproductions of this bibliography, in whole or in part, must include all credits. If you wish to cite this bibliography, the correct format is:
Gordner, Ronald L.; Tuel, Stephen M., compilers. Rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury [bibliography online]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 1998 Sep. (Current bibliographies in medicine; no. 98-1). 2563 citations from January 1988 through August 1998, plus selected earlier citations. Available from: URL http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html

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Sample Citations

Citations are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus ®. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation.

Journal Article:

Example:
Malec JF, Basford JS. Post acute brain injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Feb;77(2):198-207.

Order, with separating punctuation:
Authors. Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title Date;Volume(Issue):Pages.

Monograph:

Example:
Horn LJ, Zasler ND, eds. Medical rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. 642 p.

Order, with separating punctuation:
Authors/Editors. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher; Date. Total No. of Pages.

For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication:
Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030.

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OVERVIEW OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY REHABILITATION

General Overview

Adams HR. Systematic care for persons with brain injury. A place for case management. J Insur Med 1991 Winter;23(4):223-6.

Ansell BJ. Slow-to-recover brain-injured patients: rationale for treatment. J Speech Hear Res 1991 Oct;34(5):1017-22.

Ashley MJ, Krych DK. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1995. 427 p.

Bach-y-Rita P. Traumatic brain injury. New York: Demos; 1989. 331 p. (Comprehensive neurologic rehabilitation; vol. 2).

Bellenir K. Head trauma sourcebook: basic information for the layperson about open-head and closed-head injuries, treatment advances, recovery, and rehabilitation, along with reports on current research initiatives. Detroit: Omnigraphics; 1997. 414 p. (Health reference series; vol. 23).

Berker E. Diagnosis, physiology, pathology and rehabilitation of traumatic brain injuries. Int J Neurosci 1996 Apr;85(3-4):195-220.

Bernad PG. Closed-head injury: a clinical source book. Charlottesville (VA): Michie Co.; 1994. 398 p.

Bontke CF, Boake C. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1991 Apr;2(2):473-82.

Bottcher SA. Cognitive retraining. A nursing approach to rehabilitation of the brain injured. Nurs Clin North Am 1989 Mar;24(1):193-208.

Brandstater ME, Bontke CF, Cobble ND, Horn LJ. Rehabilitation in brain disorders. 4. Specific disorders. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991 Mar;72(4-S):S332-40.

Burke DC. Models of brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1995 Oct;9(7):735-43.

Chestnut RM, Carney N, Maynard, Patterson P, Mann NC, Helfand M (Oregon Health Sciences University PO. Evidence report on rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1998. Contract No.: AHCPR 290-97-0018.

Condeluci A. Brain injury rehabilitation: the need to bridge paradigms. Brain Inj 1992 Nov-Dec;6(6):543-51.

Cooper PR. Head injury. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1993. 590 p.

Cope DN. The effectiveness of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: a review. Brain Inj 1995 Oct;9(7):649-70.

Cope DN, Cole JR, Hall KM, Barkan H. Brain injury: analysis of outcome in a post-acute rehabilitation system. Part 1: General analysis. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):111-25. Comment in: Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):103-9.

Cope DN, Cole JR, Hall KM, Barkan H. Brain injury: analysis of outcome in a post-acute rehabilitation system. Part 2: Subanalyses. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):127-39. Comment in: Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):103-9.

Current trends in the treatment of the head injured patient. Occup Ther Health Care 1995;9(1):1-86.

Davies PM. Starting again: early rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury or other severe brain lesion. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1994. 442 p.

Davis CH, Fardanesh L, Rubner D, Wanlass RL, McDonald CM. Profiles of functional recovery in fifty traumatically brain-injured patients after acute rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997 May-Jun;76(3):213-8.

Deelman BG, Saan RJ, van Zomeren AH. Traumatic brain injury: clinical, social, and rehabilitational aspects. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger; 1990. 168 p.

Dimitrijevic MR. Head injuries and restorative neurology. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1988;17:9-13.

Dimitrijevic MR. Restorative neurology of head injury. J Neurotrauma 1989 Summer;6(1):25-9.

Direnfeld G. The quagmire of receiving private rehabilitation services: concerns and solutions. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Mar-Apr;13(2):12-3.

Direnfeld G . Traumatic brain injury and case management. Cognit Rehabil 1990 Sep-Oct;8(5):20-4.

Dixon TP, Goll S, Stanton KM. Case management issues and practices in head injury rehabilitation. Special Issue: Traumatic brain injury. Rehabil Couns Bull 1988 Jun;31(4):325-43.

Do HK, Sahagian DA, Schuster LC, Sheridan SE. Head trauma rehabilitation: program evaluation. Rehabil Nurs 1988 Mar-Apr;13(2):71-5.

Dobkin BH. Neurologic rehabilitation. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis; 1996. 338 p. (Contemporary neurology series; 47).

Dombovy ML, Olek AC. Recovery and rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 May;11(5):305-18.

Durgin CJ, Schmidt ND, Fryer LJ. Staff development and clinical intervention in brain injury rehabilitation. Gaithersburg (MD): Aspen Publishers; 1993. 382 p.

Evans RW, Ruff RM. Outcome and value: a perspective on rehabilitation outcomes achieved in acquired brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Dec;7(4):24-36.

Evans RW, Watke M. Catastrophic neurologic injury: improving outcomes through case management. Case Manag 1995 Jul-Sep;6(3):83-5, 87-8.

Finlayson MA, Garner SH. Brain injury rehabilitation: clinical considerations. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994. 437 p. (Rehabilitation medicine library).

Finset A. Subacute brain injury rehabilitation: a program description and a study of staff program evaluation. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1992;26:25-33.

Fussey I, Giles GM. Rehabilitation of the severely brain-injured adult: a practical approach. London: Croom Helm; 1988. 223 p. (Therapy in practice series).

Garner R. Acute head injury: practical management in rehabilitation. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1990. 137 p. (Therapy in practice series; 13).

General Accounting Office (US). Traumatic brain injury. Programs supporting long-term services in selected states; report to Congressional requesters. Washington (DC): The Office; 1998 Feb. 23 p.

Gianutsos R. Cognitive rehabilitation: a neuropsychological speciality comes of age. Brain Inj 1991 Oct-Dec;5(4):353-68.

Giles GM. Special issue on brain injury rehabilitation. Am J Occup Ther 1994 Mar;48(3):199-273.

Giles GM. The status of brain injury rehabilitation. Am J Occup Ther 1994 Mar;48(3):199-205.

Giles GM, Clark-Wilson J. Brain injury rehabilitation: a neurofunctional approach. New York: Chapman & Hall ; 1993. 437 p. (Therapy in practice series; 33).

Gillis RJ, McHenry M, Pierce JN. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation for speech-language pathologists. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996. 342 p.

Green BS, Stevens KM, Wolfe TD. Mild traumatic brain injury: a therapy and resource manual. San Diego: Singular; 1997. 260 p. (Neurogenic communication disorders series).

Hall KM, Cope DN. The benefit of rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury: a literature review. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):1-13.

Hall KM, Johnston MV. Outcomes evaluation in TBI Rehabilitation. Part II: measurement tools for a nationwide data system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Dec;75(12 Spec No):SC10-8; discussion SC 27-8.

Hall KM, Wallbom AS, Englander J. Premorbid history and traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):3-12.

High WM Jr, Gordon WA, Lehmkuhl LD, Newton CN, Vandergoot D, Thoi L, Courtney L. Productivity and service utilization following traumatic brain injury: results of a survey by the RSA regional TBI centers. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Aug;10(4):64-80.

Higham PE, Phelps K. Careers of care: survivors of traumatic brain injury and the response of health and social care. Brookfield (VT): Ashgate Publishing Company; 1998. 289 p.

Hook O. Head injury. Integrated rehabilitation approach, optimal adaptation to disability. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1988;17:65-74.

Horn LJ, Zasler ND. Medical rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. 642 p.

Johnson DA, Rose FD, Rushton S, Pentland B, Attree EA. Virtual reality: a new prosthesis for brain injury rehabilitation. Scott Med J 1998 Jun;43(3):81-3.

Johnson JA, Krefting LH. Occupational therapy approaches to traumatic brain injury. New York: Haworth Press; 1990. 137 p. (Occupational therapy in health care; vol. 7, no. 1).

Johnston MV, Hall KM. Outcomes evaluation in TBI Rehabilitation. Part I: overview and system principles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Dec;75(12 Spec No):SC1-9; discussion SC27-8.

Jones ML, Evans RW. Outcome validation in post-acute rehabilitation: trends and correlates in treatment and outcome. J Insur Med 1992 Fall;24(3):186-92.

Katz DI, Alexander MP. Traumatic brain injury. Predicting course of recovery and outcome for patients admitted to rehabilitation. Arch Neurol 1994 Jul;51(7):661-70.

Klonoff PS, Lamb DG, Henderson SW, Shepherd J. Outcome assessment after milieu-oriented rehabilitation: new considerations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998 Jun;79(6):684-90.

Kushner D. Mild traumatic brain injury: toward understanding manifestations and treatment. Arch Intern Med 1998 Aug 10-24;158(15):1617-24.

Lang GE. Quality benchmarks for brain injury rehabilitation services. Rehabil Nurs 1995 Nov-Dec;20(6):310-3.

Levin HS. Head injury and its rehabilitation. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 1992 Oct;5(5):673-6.

Levin HS. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of head injured patients: an appraisal of recent progress. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1992;26:14-24.

Long CJ, Ross LK. Handbook of head trauma: acute care to recovery. New York: Plenum Press; 1992. 442 p. (Critical issues in neuropsychology).

Mackay LE, Chapman PE, Morgan A. Maximizing brain injury recovery: integrating critical care and early rehabilitation. Gaithersburg (MD): Aspen Publishers; 1997. 621 p.

Malec JF, Basford JS. Postacute brain injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Feb;77(2):198-207.

Mandel S, Sataloff RT, Schapiro SR. Minor head trauma: assessment, management, and rehabilitaion. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1993. 347 p.

Marks PV, Lavy CB. A practical guide to head injury management. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1992. 151 p.

Marmarou A. Conduct of head injury trials in the United States: the American Brain Injury Consortium (ABIC). Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1996;66:118-21.

Mazmanian PE, Kreutzer JS, Devany CW, Martin KO. A survey of accredited and other rehabilitation facilities: education, training and cognitive rehabilitation in brain-injury programmes. Brain Inj 1993 Jul-Aug;7(4):319-31.

McGregor K, Pentland B. Head injury rehabilitation in the U.K.: an economic perspective. Soc Sci Med 1997 Jul;45(2):295-303.

McMahon BT, Shaw LR. Work worth doing: advances in brain injury rehabilitation. Orlando (FL): Paul M. Deutsch Press; 1991. 412 p.

McMordie WR, Rogers KF, Barker SL. Consumer satisfaction with services provided to head-injured patients and their families. Brain Inj 1991 Jan-Mar;5(1):43-51.

Melvin JL, Graham P, Grahame L, Olsen J. Traumatic brain injury. Rehab Manage Int 1997 Fall;7(1):32, 34-5.

Monitor rehabilitation teams to ensure highest quality for head-injured clients. Case Manag Advis 1992 May;3(5):65-8.

Montgomery J. Physical therapy for traumatic brain injury. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. 219 p. (Clinics in physical therapy).

Morgan AS. Traumatic brain injury: improving functional recovery. J Natl Med Assoc 1989 Nov;81(11):1133-7.

Mozzoni P, Bailey JS. Improving training methods in brain injury rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Feb;11(1):1-17.

Murer CG. International issues in brain injury: social, cultural, and epidemiological differences are reflected in approaches to head trauma worldwide. Rehab Manage 1994 Dec-Jan;7(1):100-1.

O'Hara CC, Harrell M. Rehabilitation with brain injury survivors: an empowerment approach. Gaithersburg (MD): Aspen Publishers; 1991. 491 p.

Olver JH, Ponsford JL, Curran CA. Outcome following traumatic brain injury: a comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury. Brain Inj 1996 Nov;10(11):841-8.

Plummer JK. Ethical considerations in brain injury rehabilitation: applications to mild traumatic brain injury. HEC Forum 1995 Mar-May;7(2-3):166-82.

Radomski MV. Occupational therapy practice guidelines for adults with traumatic injury. [Bethesda (MD)]: American Occupational Therapy Association; 1996. 19 p. (Practice guidelines series).

Reilly P, Bullock R. Head injury: pathophysiology and management of severe closed injury. New York: Chapman & Hall Medical; 1997. 478 p.

Rosenthal M. Rehabilitation of the adult and child with traumatic brain injury. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Davis; 1990. 652 p.

Sbordone RJ, Liter JC, Pettler-Jennings P. Recovery of function following severe traumatic brain injury: a retrospective 10-year follow-up. Brain Inj 1995 Apr;9(3):285-99.

Schmidt ND. Outcome-oriented rehabilitation: a response to managed care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):44-50.

Semlyen JK, Summers SJ, Barnes MP. Traumatic brain injury: efficacy of multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998 Jun;79(6):678-83.

Spettell CM, Ellis DW, Ross SE, Sandel ME, O'Malley KF, Stein SC, Spivack G, Hurley KE. Time of rehabilitation admission and severity of trauma: effect on brain injury outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991 Apr;72(5):320-5.

Standards for the NSW Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program. Zetland (NSW, Australia): Australian Council on Healthcare Standards Ltd.; 1992. 27 p.

Stonnington HH. Post-acute management of head injuries. Va Med Q 1991 Summer;118(3):159-61, 164-5.

Stover S . (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham, AL). Development of an outcome oriented head injury database at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Final report. Washington (DC): National Center for Injury Prevention and Control and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 1993.

Teasdale GM, Pettigrew LE, Wilson JT, Murray G, Jennett B. Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: a review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurotrauma 1998 Aug;15(8):587-97.

Traumatic brain injury facts and figures. Detroit: Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data Center. Vol. 1, 1996--.

Uzzell BP, Stonnington HH. Recovery after traumatic brain injury. Mahwah (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1996. 347 p.

Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL, Braakman R. Head injury. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1990. 526 p. (Handbook of clinical neurology; vol. 57).

Wall JR, Rosenthal M, Niemczura JG. Community-based training after acquired brain injury: preliminary findings. Brain Inj 1998 Mar;12(3):215-24.

Wesolowski MD, Zencius AH. A practical guide to head injury rehabilitation: a focus on postacute residential treatment. New York: Plenum Press; 1994. 239 p. (Critical issues in neuropsychology series).

Weight DG. Minor head trauma. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1998 Sep;21(3):609-24.

Wilson BA. Cognitive rehabilitation: how it is and how it might be. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1997 Sep;3(5):487-96.

Wood RL. Brain injury rehabilitation: a neurobehavioural approach. London: Croom Helm; 1987. 196 p.

Wood RL, Eames P. Models of brain injury rehabilitation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1989. 242 p. (The Johns Hopkins series in contemporary medicine and public health).

Yuen HK, Benzing P. Treatment methodology. Guiding of behaviour through redirection in brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1996 Mar;10(3):229-38.

Zasler ND. Advances in neuropharmacological rehabilitation for brain dysfunction. Brain Inj 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):1-14.

Zasler ND. TBI rehabilitation program assessment: putting a yardstick to quality and efficacy. Contin Care 1994 May;13(4):30-4, 36, 50.

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Pediatric Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury

Appleton R. Head injury rehabilitation for children. Nurs Times 1994 Jun 1-7;90(22):29-31.

Banja JD, Jann BB. Ethical issues in treating pediatric rehabilitation patients. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Summer;3(3):44-52.

Begali V. Head injury in children and adolescents: a resource and review for school and allied professionals. 2nd ed. Brandon (VT): Clinical Psychology Pub. Co.; 1992. 260 p.

Berger E, Worgotter G, Oppolzer A, Kessler J, Vavrik K, Fiala S. Neurological rehabilitation in children and adolescents. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Oct-Dec;1(4):229-33.

Blendonohy PM, Philip PA. Precocious puberty in children after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1991 Jan-Mar;5(1):63-8.

Blosser J, DePompei R. Pediatric traumatic brain injury: proactive intervention. San Diego (CA): Singular Pub.; 1994. 266 p. (Neurogenic communication disorders series).

Brett AW, Laatsch L. Cognitive rehabilitation therapy of brain-injured students in a public high school setting. Pediatr Rehabil 1998 Jan-Mar;2(1):27-31.

Broman SH, Michel ME. Traumatic head injury in children. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995. 299 p.

Bryan MR. The pre-school child sustains a traumatic brain injury: developmental and learning issues. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Oct;5(4):323-30.

Burke WH, Wesolowski MD, Buyer DM, Zawlocki RJ. The rehabilitation of adolescents with traumatic brain injury: outcome and follow-up. Brain Inj 1990 Oct-Dec;4(4):371-8.

Chapman SB, Levin HS, Wanek A, Weyrauch J, Kufera J. Discourse after closed head injury in young children. Brain Lang 1998 Feb 15;61(3):420-49.

Clark E. Children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury: reintegration challenges in educational settings. J Learn Disabil 1996 Sep;29(5):549-60.

Cockrell J. Pediatric brain injury rehabilitation. In: Horn LJ, Zasler ND, eds. Medical rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. p. 171-96.

Deaton AV, Metzger S, Wheeler AM. Agitation in pediatric brain injury: a useful communication or a hurdle to overcome? Neurorehabilitation 1995 Oct;5(4):317-21.

Dennis M, Barnes MA, Wilkinson M, Humphreys RP. How children with head injury represent real and deceptive emotion in short narratives. Brain Lang 1998 Feb 15;61(3):450-83.

Di Scala C, Grant CC, Brooke MM, Gans BM. Functional outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. Agreement between clinical judgment and the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1992 Jun;71(3):145-8.

Donders J, Strom D. The effect of traumatic brain injury on children with learning disability. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Jul-Sep;1(3):179-84.

Emanuelson I, von Wendt L, Lundalv E, Larsson J. Rehabilitation and follow-up of children with severe traumatic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 1996 Aug;12(8):460-5.

Farmer JE, Clippard DS, Luehr-Wiemann Y, Wright E, Owings S. Assessing children with traumatic brain injury during rehabilitation: promoting school and community reentry. J Learn Disabil 1996 Sep;29(5):532-48.

Glass P, Bulas DI, Wagner AE, Rajasingham SR, Civitello LA, Coffman CE. Pattern of neuropsychological deficit at age five years following neonatal unilateral brain injury. Brain Lang 1998 Jul;63(3):346-56.

Greenspan AI. Functional recovery following head injury among children. Curr Probl Pediatr 1996 May-Jun;26(5):170-7.

Greenspan AI, MacKenzie EJ. Functional outcome after pediatric head injury. Pediatrics 1994 Oct;94(4 Pt 1):425-32.

Hall DM, Johnson SL, Middleton J. Rehabilitation of head injured children. Arch Dis Child 1990 May;65(5):553-6.

Hallett TL. Linguistic competence in paediatric closed head injury. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Oct-Dec;1(4):219-28.

Hornyak JE, Nelson VS, Hurvitz EA. The use of methylphenidate in paediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Jan-Mar;1(1):15-7.

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Rehabilitation in the Aged for Traumatic Brain Injury

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CLASSIFICATION OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

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Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury

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Air-bag-associated fatal injuries to infants and children riding in front passenger seats--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995 Nov 17;44(45):845-7.

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Colohan AR, Alves WM, Gross CR, Torner JC, Mehta VS, Tandon PN, Jane JA. Head injury mortality in two centers with different emergency medical services and intensive care. J Neurosurg 1989 Aug;71(2):202-7.

Conroy C, Kraus JF. Survival after brain injury. Cause of death, length of survival, and prognostic variables in a cohort of brain-injured people. Neuroepidemiology 1988;7(1):13-22.

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Fleming NS, Becker ER. The impact of the Texas 1989 motorcycle helmet law on total and head-related fatalities, severe injuries, and overall injuries. Med Care 1992 Sep;30(9):832-45.

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Gennarelli TA, Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Copes WS, Alves WM. Mortality of patients with head injury and extracranial injury treated in trauma centers. J Trauma 1989 Sep;29(9):1193-201; discussion 1201-2.

Gentleman D, Jennett B, MacMillan R. Death in hospital after head injury without transfer to a neurosurgical unit: who, when, and why? Injury 1992;23(7):471-4.

Hartshorne NJ, Harruff RC, Alvord EC Jr. Fatal head injuries in ground-level falls. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997 Sep;18(3):258-64.

Hoekelman RA. A pediatrician's view. Why deaths from head injuries are on the decline [editorial]. Pediatr Ann 1994 Jan;23(1):8-10.

Horseback-riding-associated traumatic brain injuries--Oklahoma, 1992-1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1996 Mar 15;45(10):209-11.

Horseback-riding-associated traumatic brain injuries--Oklahoma, 1992-1994. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 1996 Apr 10;275(14):1072.

Kagan RJ, Baker RJ. The impact of the volume of neurotrauma experience on mortality after head injury. Am Surg 1994 Jun;60(6):394-400.

Kaufman HH. Civilian gunshot wounds to the head. Neurosurgery 1993 Jun;32(6):962-4; discussion 964. Comments in: Neurosurgery 1993 Oct;33(4):770; Neurosurgery 1993 Dec;33(6):1117-8.

Kennedy F, Gonzalez P, Dang C, Fleming A, Sterling-Scott R. The Glasgow Coma Scale and prognosis in gunshot wounds to the brain. J Trauma 1993 Jul;35(1):75-7.

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Kilaru S, Garb J, Emhoff T, Fiallo V, Simon B, Swiencicki T, Lee KF. Long-term functional status and mortality of elderly patients with severe closed head injuries. J Trauma 1996 Dec;41(6):957-63.

Klauber MR, Marshall LF, Luerssen TG, Frankowski R, Tabaddor K, Eisenberg HM. Determinants of head injury mortality: importance of the low risk patient. Neurosurgery 1989 Jan;24(1):31-6. Comment in: Neurosurgery 1990 Aug;27(2):334-5.

Lawrence HS. Fatal nonpowder firearm wounds: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 1990 Feb;85(2):177-81.

Mamelak AN, Pitts LH, Damron S. Predicting survival from head trauma 24 hours after injury: a practical method with therapeutic implications. J Trauma 1996 Jul;41(1):91-9.

Michaud LJ, Rivara FP, Grady MS, Reay DT. Predictors of survival and severity of disability after severe brain injury in children. Neurosurgery 1992 Aug;31(2):254-64.

Miller JD, Pentland B. Head injuries in elderly patients. Neurosurg Rev 1989;12 Suppl 1:441-5.

Pennings JL, Bachulis BL, Simons CT, Slazinski T. Survival after severe brain injury in the aged. Arch Surg 1993 Jul;128(7):787-93; discussion 793-4.

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Ryan GA, Vilenius AT. Field and analytic observations of impact brain injury in fatally injured pedestrians. J Neurotrauma 1995 Aug;12(4):627-34.

Sarkar S, Peek C, Kraus JF. Fatal injuries in motorcycle riders according to helmet use. J Trauma 1995 Feb;38(2):242-5.

Shedden PM, Moulton RJ, Sullivan I, Hotz G, Tucker WS, Muller PJ. Effect of population characteristics on head injury mortality. Pediatr Neurosurg 1990-91;16(4-5):203-7.

Sinz EH, Kochanek PM, Heyes MP, Wisniewski SR, Bell MJ, Clark RS, DeKosky ST, Blight AR, Marion DW. Quinolinic acid is increased in CSF and associated with mortality after traumatic brain injury in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998 Jun;18(6):610-5.

Snyder JV, Colantonio A. Outcome from central nervous system injury. Crit Care Clin 1994 Jan;10(1):217-28.

Sosin DM, Sacks JJ, Smith SM. Head injury-associated deaths in the United States from 1979 to 1986. JAMA 1989 Oct 27;262(16):2251-5. Comment in: JAMA 1992 Aug 12;268(6):791.

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Prevention of Traumatic Brain Injury

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SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND REHABILITATION

Social Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury and Rehabilitation

Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Family and Caregivers

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Devany Serio C, Devens M. Employment problems following traumatic brain injury: families assess the causes. Neurorehabilitation 1994 Jan;4(1):53-7.

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Dywan J, Segalowitz SJ. Self- and family ratings of adaptive behavior after traumatic brain injury: psychometric scores and frontally generated ERPs... electrophysiological response. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Apr;11(2):79-95.

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Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Education

Beers SR, Goldstein G, Katz LJ. Neuropsychological differences between college students with learning disabilities and those with mild head injury. J Learn Disabil 1994 May;27(5):315-24.

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D'Amato RC, Rothlisberg BA. How education should respond to students with traumatic brain injury. J Learn Disabil 1996 Nov;29(6):670-83.

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Powell BD, Holmes CB. Prevalence of head injury among four-year college students: a replication and combined results. Percept Mot Skills 1995 Aug;81(1):227-30.

Savage RC. Educational issues for the head-injured adolescent and young adult. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Mar;2(1):1-10.

Savage RC. Integrating rehabilitation and education services for school-age children with brain injuries. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):11-20.

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Ylvisaker M, Hartwick P, Stevens M. School reentry following head injury: managing the transition from hospital to school. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1991 Mar;6(1):10-22.

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Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Employment

Abrams D, Barker LT, Haffey W, Nelson H. The economics of return to work for survivors of traumatic brain injury: vocational services are worth the investment. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Dec;8(4):59-76.

Arokiasamy CV, Millington MJ. The many stakeholders in return to work. Neurorehabilitation 1994 Jan;4(1):45-52.

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Cifu DX, Keyser-Marcus L, Lopez E, Wehman P, Kreutzer JS, Englander J, High W. Acute predictors of successful return to work 1 year after traumatic brain injury: a multicenter analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Feb;78(2):125-31.

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Schwab K, Grafman J, Salazar AM, Kraft J. Residual impairments and work status 15 years after penetrating head injury: report from the Vietnam Head Injury Study. Neurology 1993 Jan;43(1):95-103.

Sherer M, Bergloff P, Levin E, High WM, Oden KE, Nick TG. Impaired awareness and employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):52-61.

Stapleton M, Parente R, Bennett P. Job coaching traumatically brain injured individuals: lessons learned. Cognit Rehabil 1989 Jul-Aug;7(4):18-21.

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Wehman P, Sherron P, Kregel J, Kreutzer J, Tran S, Cifu D. Return to work for persons following severe traumatic brain injury. Supported employment outcomes after five years. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Dec;72(6):355-63.

Wehman P, West M, Fry R, Sherron P, Groah C, Kreutzer J, Sale P. Effect of supported employment on the vocational outcomes of persons with traumatic brain injury. J Appl Behav Anal 1989 Winter;22(4):395-405.

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Wehman PH, West MD, Kregel J, Sherron P, Kreutzer JS. Return to work for persons with severe traumatic brain injury: a data-based approach to program development. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):27-39.

West M, Wehman P, Kregel J, Kreutzer J, Sherron P, Zasler N. Costs of operating a supported work program for traumatically brain-injured individuals. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991 Feb;72(2):127-31.

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Zasler ND. The role of medical rehabilitation in vocational reentry. J Head Trauma Rehabil 12;5(42-56)

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Psychosocial Adjustment of Traumatic Brain Injury

Andrews TK, Rose FD, Johnson DA. Social and behavioural effects of traumatic brain injury in children. Brain Inj 1998 Feb;12(2):133-8.

Bornstein RA, Miller HB, van Schoor T. Emotional adjustment in compensated head injury patients. Neurosurgery 1988 Nov;23(5):622-7.

Chittum WR, Johnson K, Chittum JM, Guercio JM, McMorrow MJ. Road to awareness: an individualized training package for increasing knowledge and comprehension of personal deficits in persons with acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 1996 Oct;10(10):763-76.

Dawson DR, Chipman M. The disablement experienced by traumatically brain-injured adults living in the community. Brain Inj 1995 May-Jun;9(4):339-53.

DeMolfetto J. From the patient's point of view. Recovery from head injury: a life long process being reborn. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Jul-Aug;13(4):4-5.

Dikmen S, Machamer J, Temkin N. Psychosocial outcome in patients with moderate to severe head injury: 2-year follow-up. Brain Inj 1993 Mar-Apr;7(2):113-24. Comment in: Brain Inj 1993 Mar-Apr;7(2):99-100.

Dikmen SS, Ross BL, Machamer JE, Temkin NR. One year psychosocial outcome in head injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1995 Jan;1(1):67-77.

Donders J. Premorbid behavioral and psychosocial adjustment of children with traumatic brain injury. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1992 Jun;20(3):233-46.

Donders J, Ballard E. Psychological adjustment characteristics of children before and after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Jun;11(3):67-73.

Fleming JM, Strong J, Ashton R. Cluster analysis of self-awareness levels in adults with traumatic brain injury and relationship to outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):39-51.

Frank RG, Haut AE, Smick M, Haut MW, Chaney JM. Coping and family functions after closed head injury. Brain Inj 1990 Jul-Sep;4(3):289-95.

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Hammell KR. Psychosocial outcome following severe closed head injury. Int J Rehabil Res 1994 Dec;17(4):319-32.

Levine MJ, Van Horn KR, Curtis AB. Developmental models of social cognition in assessing psychosocial adjustments in head injury. Brain Inj 1993 Mar-Apr;7(2):153-67.

Malia K, Powell G, Torode S. Coping and psychosocial function after brain injury. Brain Inj 1995 Aug-Sep;9(6):607-18.

Malia K, Powell G, Torode S. Personality and psychosocial function after brain injury. Brain Inj 1995 Oct;9(7):697-712.

Malt UF, Olafsen OM. Psychological appraisal and emotional response to physical injury: a clinical, phenomenological study of 109 adults. Psychiatr Med 1992;10(3):117-34.

Marsh NV, Knight RG. Behavioral assessment of social competence following severe head injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1991 Sep;13(5):729-40.

Marsh NV, Smith MD. Post-concussion syndrome and the coping hypothesis. Brain Inj 1995 Aug-Sep;9(6):553-62.

Martelli MF, Zasler ND, MacMillan P. Mediating the relationship between injury, impairment and disability: a vulnerability, stress, and coping model of adaptation folowing brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jul;11(1):51-66.

McClelland RJ. Psychosocial sequelae of head injury--anatomy of a relationship. Br J Psychiatry 1988 Aug;153:141-6.

McLean A Jr, Dikmen SS, Temkin NR. Psychosocial recovery after head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Oct;74(10):1041-6.

Melamed S, Groswasser Z, Stern MJ. Acceptance of disability, work involvement and subjective rehabilitation status of traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients. Brain Inj 1992 May-Jun;6(3):233-43.

Moore AD, Stambrook M, Peters LC. Coping strategies and adjustment after closed-head injury: a cluster analytical approach. Brain Inj 1989 Apr-Jun;3(2):171-5.

Morton MV, Wehman P. Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a literature review and recommendations. Brain Inj 1995 Jan;9(1):81-92.

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Peters LC, Stambrook M, Moore AD, Zubek E, Dubo H, Blumenschein S. Differential effects of spinal cord injury and head injury on marital adjustment. Brain Inj 1992 Sep-Oct;6(5):461-7.

Richards JS, Osuna FJ, Jaworski TM, Novack TA, Leli DA, Boll TJ. The effectiveness of different methods of defining traumatic brain injury in predicting postdischarge adjustment in a spinal cord injury population.

Sander AM, Seel RT, Kreutzer JS, Hall KM, High WM Jr, Rosenthal M. Agreement between persons with traumatic brain injury and their relatives regarding psychosocial outcome using the Community Integration Questionnaire. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Apr;78(4):353-7.

Tellier A, Adams KM, Walker AE, Rourke BP. Long-term effects of severe penetrating head injury on psychosocial adjustment. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990 Oct;58(5):531-7.

Vilkki J, Ahola K, Holst P, Ohman J, Servo A, Heiskanen O. Prediction of psychosocial recovery after head injury with cognitive tests and neurobehavioral ratings. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994 Jun;16(3):325-38.

Vogenthaler DR, Smith KR Jr, Goldfader P. Head injury, a multivariate study: predicting long term productivity and independent living outcome. Brain Inj 1989 Oct-Dec;3(4):369-85. Comment in: Brain Inj 1989 Oct-Dec;3(4):325-9.

Woischneck D, Firsching R, Ruckert N, Hussein S, Heissler H, Aumuller E, Dietz H. Clinical predictors of the psychosocial long-term outcome after brain injury. Neurol Res 1997 Jun;19(3):305-10.

Wright JC, Telford R. Psychological problems following minor head injury: a prospective study. Br J Clin Psychol 1996 Sep;35 (Pt 3):399-412.

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Quality of Life in Traumatic Brain Injury

Beitel A. A piece of my mind. A moment of clarity. JAMA 1998 Jan 28;279(4):256.

Brown M, Vandergoot D. Quality of life for individuals with traumatic brain injury: comparison with others living in the community. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Aug;13(4):1-23.

Burleigh SA, Farber RS, Gillard M. Community integration and life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury: long-term findings. Am J Occup Ther 1998 Jan;52(1):45-52.

DeJong G, Batavia AI, Williams JM. Who is responsible for the lifelong well-being of a person with a head injury? J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):9-22.

Eames P, Cotterill G, Kneale TA, Storrar AL, Yeomans P. Outcome of intensive rehabilitation after severe brain injury: a long-term follow-up study. Brain Inj 1996 Sep;10(9):631-50.

Heinemann AW, Whiteneck GG . Relationships among impairment, disability, handicap, and life satisfaction in persons with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Aug;10(4):54-63.

Hickey AM, O'Boyle CA, McGee HM, McDonald NJ. The relationship between post-trauma problem reporting and carer quality of life after severe head injury. Psychol Health 1997 Dec;12(6):827-38.

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Koskinen S. Quality of life 10 years after a very severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): the perspective of the injured and the closest relative. Brain Inj 1998 Aug;12(8):631-48.

MannWC, Dittmar SS. Consumer advocacy and professional education: traumatic brain injury. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Nov-Dec;10(6):8-11.

Mathews RM. Independent living as a lifelong community service. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):23-30.

Miller L. Back to the future: legal, vocational, and quality-of-life issues in the long-term adjustment of the brain-injured patient. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Sep-Oct;10(5):14-20.

Rees RJ, Storry CJ. Static and dynamic assessment practices after head injury. Brain Inj 1996 Apr;10(4):247-57.

Schaaf SV. An operational model of lifelong living. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):40-6.

Schalen W, Hansson L, Nordstrom G, Nordstrom CH. Psychosocial outcome 5-8 years after severe traumatic brain lesions and the impact of rehabilitation services. Brain Inj 1994 Jan;8(1):49-64.

Voogt RD. Quality of life: an aspect of life care planning and long-term care. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Sep;7(2):95-117.

Warren L, Wrigley JM, Yoels WC, Fine PR. Factors associated with life satisfaction among a sample of persons with neurotrauma. J Rehabil Res Dev 1996 Oct;33(4):404-8.

Webb CR, Wrigley M, Yoels W, Fine PR. Explaining quality of life for persons with traumatic brain injuries 2 years after injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995 Dec;76(12):1113-9.

Traumatic Brain Injury Community Re-entry and Other Social Issues

Antonak RF, Livneh H, Antonak C. A review of research on psychosocial adjustment to impairment in persons with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Dec;8(4):87-100.

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Berube JE. Brain injury advocacy. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):99-102.

Brazil K. Assessing the consequences of traumatic brain injury. Int J Rehabil Res 1992;15(2):93-101.

Brzuzy S, Corrigan JD. Predictors of living independently after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a comparison study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Jun;11(3):74-83.

Brzuzy S, Speziale BA. Persons with traumatic brain injuries and their families: living arrangements and well-being post injury. Soc Work Health Care 1997;26(1):77-88.

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Campbell CH. Needs of relatives and helpfulness of support groups in severe head injury. Rehabil Nurs 1988 Nov-Dec;13(6):320-5.

Carlton TO, Stephenson MD. Social work and the management of severe head injury. Soc Sci Med 1990;31(1):5-11.

Christensen AL. Sociological and cultural aspects in postacute neuropsychological rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):79-86.

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Corrigan JD. Substance abuse as a mediating factor in outcome from traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995 Apr;76(4):302-9.

Dawson DR, Chipman M. The disablement experienced by traumatically brain-injured adults living in the community. Brain Inj 1995 May-Jun;9(4):339-53.

DeJong G, Batavia AI. Societal duty and resource allocation for persons with severe traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):1-12.

Dodwell D. The heterogeneity of social outcome following head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988 Jun;51(6):833-8.

Dryovage J, Seidman K. Interdisciplinary approach to community reintegration. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Jul-Aug;10(4):12-21.

Eames P, Cotterill G, Kneale TA, Storrar AL, Yeomans P. Outcome of intensive rehabilitation after severe brain injury: a long-term follow-up study. Brain Inj 1996 Sep;10(9):631-50.

Fearnside MR, Cook RJ, McDougall P, Lewis WA. The Westmead Head Injury Project. Physical and social outcomes following severe head injury. Br J Neurosurg 1993;7(6):643-50.

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Flanagan S, McDonald S, Togher L. Evaluating social skills following traumatic brain injury: the BRISS as a clinical tool. Brain Inj 1995 May-Jun;9(4):321-38.

Fleming JM, Strong J, Ashton R. Cluster analysis of self-awareness levels in adults with traumatic brain injury and relationship to outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):39-51.

Fletcher JM, Ewing-Cobbs L, Miner ME, Levin HS, Eisenberg HM. Behavioral changes after closed head injury in children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990 Feb;58(1):93-8.

Giles GM. Why provide community support for persons with brain injury? [editorial]. Am J Occup Ther 1994 Apr;48(4):295-6.

Glang A, Todis B, Cooley E, Wells J, Voss J. Building social networks for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury: a school-based intervention. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):32-47.

Godfrey HP, Knight RG, Bishara SN. The relationship between social skill and family problem-solving following very severe closed head injury. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):207-11.

Gomez-Hernandez R, Max JE, Kosier T, Paradiso S, Robinson RG. Social impairment and depression after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Dec;78(12):1321-6.

Harris JR. Brain injury support groups: services for children and adolescents. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):4-10.

Hendryx PM. Psychosocial changes perceived by closed-head-injured adults and their families. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989 Jul;70(7):526-30.

Johnson K, Davis PK. A supported relationships intervention to increase the social integration of persons with traumatic brain injuries. Behav Modif 1998 Oct;22(4):502-28.

Johnston MV. Outcomes of community re-entry programmes for brain injury survivors. Part 2: Further investigations. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):155-68. Comment in: Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):103-9.

Johnston MV, Lewis FD. Outcomes of community re-entry programmes for brain injury survivors. Part 1: Independent living and productive activities. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):141-54. Comment in: Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):103-9.

Kendall E, Shum D, Halson D, Bunning S, Teh M. The assessment of social problem-solving ability following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Jun;12(3):68-78.

Kozloff R. Networks of social support and the outcome from severe head injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Sep;2(3):14-23.

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Lezak MD, O'Brien KP. Longitudinal study of emotional, social, and physical changes after traumatic brain injury. J Learn Disabil 1988 Oct;21(8):456-63.

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Mathews RM. Independent living as a lifelong community service. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):23-30.

McClelland RJ. Psychosocial sequelae of head injury--anatomy of a relationship. Br J Psychiatry 1988 Aug;153:141-6.

McColl MA, Carlson P, Johnston J, Minnes P, Shue K, Davies D, Karlovits T. The definition of community integration: perspectives of people with brain injuries. Brain Inj 1998 Jan;12(1):15-30.

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McGann W, Werven G, Douglas MM. Social competence and head injury: a practical approach. Brain Inj 1997 Sep;11(9):621-8.

McLean A Jr, Dikmen SS, Temkin NR. Psychosocial recovery after head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Oct;74(10):1041-6.

Morton MV, Wehman P. Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a literature review and recommendations. Brain Inj 1995 Jan;9(1):81-92.

Peters LC, Stambrook M, Moore AD, Esses L. Psychosocial sequelae of closed head injury: effects on the marital relationship. Brain Inj 1990 Jan-Mar;4(1):39-47.

Peters LC, Stambrook M, Moore AD, Zubek E, Dubo H, Blumenschein S. Differential effects of spinal cord injury and head injury on marital adjustment. Brain Inj 1992 Sep-Oct;6(5):461-7.

Pettersen L. Sensitivity to emotional cues and social behavior in children and adolescents after head injury. Percept Mot Skills 1991 Dec;73(3 Pt 2):1139-50.

Ponton MO, Gonzalez J, Mares M. Rehabilitating brain damage in Hispanics. In: Leon-Carrion J. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: fundamentals, innovations, and directions. Delray Beach (FL): GR/St. Lucie Press; 1997. p. 513-29.

Racino JA, Williams JM. Living in the community: an examination of the philosophical and practical aspects. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Jun;9(2):35-48.

Rosenthal M, Dijkers M, Harrison Felix C, Nabors N, Witol AD, Young ME , Englander JS. Impact of minority status on functional outcome and community integration following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Oct;11(5):40-57.

Schaaf SV. An operational model of lifelong living. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):40-6.

Schalen W, Hansson L, Nordstrom G, Nordstrom CH. Psychosocial outcome 5-8 years after severe traumatic brain lesions and the impact of rehabilitation services. Brain Inj 1994 Jan;8(1):49-64.

Seaman B, Gilewski M, Roberts P, Nagai J. Clinic to the real world: community reintegration of head injured patients. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 Mar-Apr;11(2):6-17.

Shue KL. Repatriation Community Programs, Part I: A collaborative model of service delivery. Brain Inj 1993 Jul-Aug;7(4):367-76.

Skord KG, Miranti SV. Towards a more integrated approach to job placement and retention for persons with traumatic brain injury and premorbid disadvantages. Brain Inj 1994 May-Jun;8(4):383-92.

Strauss D, Finegan J. Community support systems as they relate to sexuality for the head injury survivor. Cognit Rehabil 1990 Nov-Dec;8(6):8-11.

Teasdale TW, Christensen AL, Pinner EM. Psychosocial rehabilitation of cranial trauma and stroke patients. Brain Inj 1993 Nov-Dec;7(6):535-42.

Van Horn KR, Levine MJ, Curtis CL. Developmental levels of social cognition in head-injury patients. Brain Inj 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):15-28.

Varney NR, Menefee L. Psychosocial and executive deficits following closed head injury: implications for orbital frontal cortex. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Mar;8(1):32-44.

Veach R. Utilization of community resources in a community-based rehabilitation program for mild to mild-moderate brain-injured survivors. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 Mar-Apr;11(2):18-20.

Venzie DR, Felicetti T, Cerra Tyl D. Planning considerations for community integrative brain injury programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):51-64.

Vogenthaler DR, Smith KR Jr, Goldfader P. Head injury, an empirical study: describing long-term productivity and independent living outcome. Brain Inj 1989 Oct-Dec;3(4):355-68. Comment in: Brain Inj 1989 Oct-Dec;3(4):325-9.

Warschausky S, Cohen EH, Parker JG, Levendosky AA, Okun A. Social problem-solving skills of children with traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Apr-Jun;1(2):77-81.

Willer B, Rosenthal M, Kreutzer JS , Gordon WA, Rempel R. Assessment of community integration following rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):75-87.

Williams MH. The self-help movement in head injury. Rehabil Nurs 1990 Nov-Dec;15(6):311-5.

Woischneck D, Firsching R, Ruckert N, Hussein S, Heissler H, Aumuller E, Dietz H. Clinical predictors of the psychosocial long-term outcome after brain injury. Neurol Res 1997 Jun;19(3):305-10.

Wrigley JM, Yoels WC, Webb CR, Fine PR. Social and physical factors in the referral of people with traumatic brain injuries to rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Feb;75(2):149-55.

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Age and Gender Issues of Traumatic Brain Injury

Adams JH, Doyle D, Ford I, Graham DI, McGee M, McLellan DR. Brain damage in fatal non-missile head injury in relation to age and type of injury. Scott Med J 1989 Feb;34(1):399-401.

Adelson PD, Kochanek PM. Head injury in children. J Child Neurol 1998 Jan;13(1):2-15.

Anderson VA, Morse SA, Klug G, Catroppa C, Haritou F, Rosenfeld J, Pentland L. Predicting recovery from head injury in young children: a prospective analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1997 Nov;3(6):568-80.

Ashwal S, Eyman RK, Call TL. Life expectancy of children in a persistent vegetative state. Pediatr Neurol 1994 Feb;10(1):27-33.

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Berney J, Froidevaux AC, Favier J. Paediatric head trauma: influence of age and sex. II. Biomechanical and anatomo-clinical correlations. Childs Nerv Syst 1994 Nov;10(8):517-23.

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Blendonohy PM, Philip PA. Precocious puberty in children after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1991 Jan-Mar;5(1):63-8.

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Cardia E, Zaccone C, Molina D, La Rosa G. Outcome of craniocerebral trauma in infants and children. Childs Nerv Syst 1990 Jan;6(1):23-6.

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Chapman SB, Levin HS, Wanek A, Weyrauch J, Kufera J. Discourse after closed head injury in young children. Brain Lang 1998 Feb 15;61(3):420-49.

Cifu DX, Keyser-Marcus L, Lopez E, Wehman P, Kreutzer JS, Englander J, HighW. Acute predictors of successful return to work 1 year after traumatic brain injury: a multicenter analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Feb;78(2):125-31.

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Economic Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Ashley MJ, Persel CS, Krych DK. Changes in reimbursement climate: relationship among outcome, cost, and payor type in the postacute rehabilitation environment. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Dec;8(4):30-47.

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Banja JD. Values, function, and managed care: an ethical analysis. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):60-70.

Banja JD, Moore G. Shifting burdens in managed care: but to whom? J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Jun;12(3):91-5.

Barry P, Schafer A. Economics of a rehabilitation program for patients with a traumatic brain injury requiring long-term care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Dec;8(4):48-58.

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Goll SB. Rehabilitation in a managed environment. The challenge of providing real value. J Insur Med 1991 Winter;23(4):248-50.

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Grass R, Weinstein E. CORFs (comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities): an emerging healthcare system for brain-injured patients. J Ambul Care Mark 1988;2(2):67-78.

Greenwood RJ, McMillan TM, Brooks DN, Dunn G, Brock D, Dinsdale S, Murphy LD, Price JR. Effects of case management after severe head injury. BMJ 1994 May 7;308(6938):1199-205. Comment in: BMJ 1994 Jul 9;309(6947):129.

Guilmette TJ, Whelihan WM, Hart KJ, Sparadeo FR, Buongiorno G. Order effects in the administration of a forced-choice procedure for detection of malingering in disability claimants' evaluations. Percept Mot Skills 1996 Dec;83(3 Pt 1):1007-16.

Haas JF. The impact of recent changes in health care insurance on medical practice. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):1-9.

Haas JF, Prince JM. Preface... managed care... conflicts troubling to health care professionals. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):vii-xiii.

Haase J. Social-economic impact of head injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1992;55:75-9

Haffey WJ, Abrams D. Economics of traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Dec;8(4):vi-76.

Hall K M, Cope DN. The benefit of rehabilitation in traumatic brain injury: a literature review. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):1-13.

Hall KM, Karzmark P, Stevens M, Englander J, O'Hare P, Wright J. Family stressors in traumatic brain injury: a two-year follow-up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Aug;75(8):876-84.

Hansen P, Scuffham PA. The cost-effectiveness of compulsory bicycle helmets in New Zealand. Aust J Public Health 1995 Oct;19(5):450-4.

Harrison FC, Newton GN, Hall KM , Kreutzer JS. Descriptive findings from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Data Base. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Oct;11(5):1-14.

Hatten JL. Traumatic brain injury community case management: issues, impact and hispanic orientation. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):51-9.

Hatziandreu EJ, Sacks JJ, Brown R, Taylor WR, Rosenberg ML, Graham JD. The cost effectiveness of three programs to increase use of bicycle helmets among children. Public Health Rep 1995 May-Jun;110(3):251-9.

Havill JH, Sleigh JW, Kersel DA, Marsh NV. Profile and cost of head injury patients admitted to the Waikato Hospital Intensive Care Unit. N Z Med J 1998 May 8;111(1065):161-3.

Hendrie D, Rosman DL, Harris AH. Hospital inpatient costs resulting from road crashes in Western Australia. Aust J Public Health 1994 Dec;18(4):380-8.

Hernandez TD. Preventing post-traumatic epilepsy after brain injury: weighing the costs and benefits of anticonvulsant prophylaxis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997 Feb;18(2):59-62.

HighWM Jr, Boake C, Lehmkuhl LD. Critical analysis of studies evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):14-26.

HighWM Jr, GordonWA, Lehmkuhl LD, Newton CN, Vandergoot D, Thoi L, Courtney L. Productivity and service utilization following traumatic brain injury: results of a survey by the RSA regional TBI centers. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Aug;10(4):64-80.

Hillier SL, Sharpe MH, Metzer J. Outcomes 5 years post-traumatic brain injury (with further reference to neurophysical impairment and disability). Brain Inj 1997 Sep;11(9):661-75.

Horwitz J, Brennan TA. No-fault compensation for medical injury: a case study. Health Aff (Millwood) 1995 Winter;14(4):164-79.

Hosack KR, Rocchio CA. Serving families of persons with severe brain injury in an era of managed care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Apr;10(2):57-65.

Ingebrigtsen T, Romner B. Routine early CT-scan is cost saving after minor head injury. Acta Neurol Scand 1996 Feb-Mar;93(2-3):207-10.

Irazuzta JE, McJunkin JE, Danadian K, Arnold F, Zhang J. Outcome and cost of child abuse. Child Abuse Negl 1997 Aug;21(8):751-7.

Jackson JD. After rehabilitation: meeting the long-term needs of persons with traumatic brain injury. Am J Occup Ther 1994 Mar;48(3):251-5.

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Jaffe KM, Massagli TL, Martin KM, Rivara JB, Fay GC, Polissar NL. Pediatric traumatic brain injury: acute and rehabilitation costs. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Jul;74(7):681-6.

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Pietranton AA, Baum HM. Collecting outcome data. Existing tools, preliminary data, future directions. Task Force on Treatment Outcome and Cost Effectiveness. ASHA 1995 Nov-Dec;37(11-12):36-8.

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Sakata R, Ostby S, Leung P. Functional status, referral and cost of treatment for persons with traumatic head injury. Brain Inj 1991 Oct-Dec;5(4):411-9.

Saywell RM Jr, Woods JR, Rappaport SA, Allen TL. The value of age and severity as predictors of costs in geriatric head trauma patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989 Jul;37(7):625-30.

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Shankar BS, Ramzy AI, Soderstrom CA, Dischinger PC, Clark CC. Helmet use, patterns of injury, medical outcome, and costs among motorcycle drivers in Maryland. Accid Anal Prev 1992 Aug;24(4):385-96.

Smith ME, Pentland B. An enquiry into the use of financial compensation for severe injury. Int J Rehabil Res 1990;13(2):167-70.

Snow WG, Macartney-Filgate MS, Schwartz ML, Klonoff PS, Ridgley BA. Demographic and medical characteristics of adult head injuries in a Canadian setting. Can J Surg 1988 May;31(3):191-4.

Soden R. Community resources and third party billing for patients who have had head trauma/head injuries. J Am Optom Assoc 1992 Aug;63(8):592-4.

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Stewart-Amidei C. The managed care initiative [editorial]. J Neurosci Nurs 1994 Dec;26(6):327.

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Tammelleo AD. Legal case briefs for nurse. TN: special shift request unreasonable: workers' compensation benefits denied; SD: aides fail to report condition to nurses: respiratory arrest & brain damage result. Regan Rep Nurs Law 1996 Apr;36(11):3.

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Thobaben JR. The impact of managed care on the moral character of rehabilitation institutions. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):10-20.

Thompson RS, Thompson DC, Rivara FP, Salazar AA. Cost-effectiveness analysis of bicycle helmet subsidies in a defined population. Pediatrics 1993 May;91(5):902-7.

Toms SA. Outcome predictors in the early withdrawal of life support: issues of justice and allocation for the severely brain injured. J Clin Ethics 1993 Fall;4(3):206-11.

Uehlin TL. Medical liability and neurologically impaired infants: a special approach to handling claims. J Med Assoc Ga 1990 Mar;79(3):171-3.

Ulicny GR. Marketing brain injury rehabilitation services: toward a more ethical approach. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Dec;9(4):73-6.

Venzie DR/Felicetti T, Cerra Tyl D. Planning considerations for community integrative brain injury programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):51-64.

Vulcan P, Lane J. Bicycle helmets reduce head injuries and should be worn by all. Inj Prev 1996 Dec;2(4):251-2.

Walker WC, Kreutzer JS, Witol AD. Level of care options for the low-functioning brain injury survivor. Brain Inj 1996 Jan;10(1):65-75.

Weed RO. Care planning and earnings capacity analysis for brain injured clients involved in personal injury litigation utilizing the rapel method. Neurorehabilitation 7/2 (119-135). 1996 1996 Sep 7;

Wehman P, Booth M, Stallard D, Mundy A, Sherron P, West M, Cifu D. Return to work for persons with traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury: three case studies. Int J Rehabil Res 1994 Sep;17(3):268-77.

Wehman P, Kregel J, West M, Cifu D. Return to work for patients with traumatic brain injury. Analysis of costs. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Jul-Aug;73(4):280-2.

Wesson DE, Scorpio RJ, Spence LJ, Kenney BD, Chipman ML, Netley CT, Hu X. The physical, psychological, and socioeconomic costs of pediatric trauma. J Trauma 1992 Aug;33(2):252-5; discussion 255-7.

West M, Wehman P, Kregel J, Kreutzer J, Sherron P, Zasler N. Costs of operating a supported work program for traumatically brain-injured individuals. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991 Feb;72(2):127-31.

Williams RJ, Hittinger R, Glazer G. Resource implications of head injuries on an acute surgical unit. J R Soc Med 1994 Feb;87(2):83-6.

Wood RL, Yurdakul LK. Change in relationship status following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 Jul;11(7):491-501.

Zasler ND. TBI rehabilitation program assessment: putting a yardstick to quality and efficacy. Contin Care 1994 May;13(4):30-4, 36, 50.

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Ethical Issues of Traumatic Brain Injury

Ackerman RJ, Banks ME. Computers and ethical treatment for brain-injured patients. Soc Sci Comput Rev1990, 8, 1, spring, 83-95. 1990 Spring;8(1):83-95.

Anderson TP, Fearey MS. Legal guardianship in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: ethical implications. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):57-64.

Andrasik F, Wincze JP. Emotional and psychosocial aspects of mild head injury. Semin Neurol 1994 Mar;14(1):60-6.

Banja J, Johnston MV. Outcomes evaluation in TBI rehabilitation. Part III: Ethical perspectives and social policy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Dec;75(12 Spec No):SC19-26; discussion SC 27-8.

Banja JD. Ethical and legal issues: preface. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):vii-viii.

Banja JD. Ethical issues. Allocating rehabilitation according to need. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Jun;11(3):84-8.

Banja JD. Ethical issues. The myth of value-free research. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Jun;10(3):96-100.

Banja JD. Ethics, fraud, and the misallocation of rehabilitation resources. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):114-6.

Banja JD. Patient rights, ethics committees, and the 1992 Joint Commission standards: implications for traumatic brain injury programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Dec;7(4):46-56.

Banja JD. Values, function, and managed care: an ethical analysis. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):60-70.

Banja JD. 'you Wouldn't want to live like that...'. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Dec;12(6):92-7.

Banja JD, Adler RK, Stringer AY. Ethical issues. Ethical dimensions of caring for defiant patients: a case study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):93-7.

Banja JD, Banes L. Moral sensitivity, sodomy laws, and traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Mar;8(1):116-9.

Banja JD, Jann BB. Ethical issues in treating pediatric rehabilitation patients. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Summer;3(3):44-52.

Caplan A. The ethics of gatekeeping in rehabilitation medicine. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Feb;12(1):29-36.

Cervelli L , Banja J D. Ethical dilemmas resulting from insurance coverage for catastrophic rehabilitative care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb 1995;10(1):90-3.

Cope DN. Legal and ethical issues in the psychopharmacologic treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):13-21.

DeJong G, Batavia AI. Societal duty and resource allocation for persons with severe traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):1-12.

Haddad A. Ethics in action. What should you do? RN 1993 May;56(5):25-7.

Jennett B. Severe head injuries: ethical aspects of management. Br J Hosp Med 1992 Mar 4-17;47(5):354-7.

LynchW. Ethics in computer-assisted cognitive retraining. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):91-3.

Malec JF. Ethical conflict resolution based on an ethics of relationships for brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1996 Nov;10(11):781-95.

Malec JF. Ethics in brain injury rehabilitation: existential choices among western cultural beliefs. Brain Inj 1993 Sep-Oct;7(5):383-400.

Phipps EJ. Communication and ethics: cardiopulmonary resuscitation in head trauma rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):95-8.

Romano MD. Ethical issues and families of brain-injured persons. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):33-41.

Rosenthal M. 1995 Sheldon Berrol, MD Senior Lectureship: The ethics and efficacy of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation -- myths, measurements, and meaning. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Aug;11(4):88-95.

RosenthalM, Lourie I. Ethical issues in the evaluation of competence in persons with acquired brain injuries. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Apr;6(2):113-21.

Tarvydas VM, Shaw L. Interdisciplinary team member perceptions of ethical issues intraumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Apr;6(2):97-111.

Toms SA. Outcome predictors in the early withdrawal of life support: issues of justice and allocation for the severely brain injured. J Clin Ethics 1993 Fall;4(3):206-11. Comment in: J Clin Ethics 1993 Fall;4(3):203-5, 211, 218; Comment in: J Clin Ethics 1993 Fall;4(3):262-6; Comment in: J Clin Ethics 1993 Fall;4(3):258-61; Comment in: J Clin Ethics 1993 Fall;4(3):262-61.

Wong TM. Ethical issues in the evaluation and treatment of traumatic brain injury. In: Anderson RM Jr, Needels Tl, et al. Avoiding ethical misconduct in psychology specialty areas. Springfield (IL): Charles C. Thomas; 1998. p. 187-200.

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Medicolegal Issues of Traumatic Brain Injury

Andrasik F, Wincze JP. Emotional and psychosocial aspects of mild head injury. Semin Neurol 1994 Mar;14(1):60-6.

Banja JD. Ethical and legal issues: preface. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):vii-viii.

Banja JD, Adler RK, Stringer AY. Ethical issues. Ethical dimensions of caring for defiant patients: a case study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):93-7.

Banja JD, Higgins P. Videotaping therapeutic sessions and the right of privacy. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):65-74.

Barth JT, Gideon DA, Sciara AD, Hulsey PH, Anchor KN. Forensic aspects of mild head trauma. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Jun;1(2):63-70.

Burgess JA, Dworkin SF. Litigation and post-traumatic TMD: how patients report treatment outcome. J Am Dent Assoc 1993 Jun;124(6):105-10.

Cope DN. Legal and ethical issues in the psychopharmacologic treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):13-21.

Davis PM, McKelvey MK. Medicolegal aspects of athletic head injury. Clin Sports Med 1998 Jan;17(1):71-82.

Gilfix M, Gilfix MG, Sinatra KS. Law and medicine: the persistent vegetative state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):63-71.

Goodall P, Lawyer HL, Wehman P. Vocational rehabilitation and traumatic brain injury: a legislative and public policy perspective. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Jun;9(2):61-81.

Hinnant D, Tollison CD. Impairment and disability associated with mild head injury: medical and legal aspects. Semin Neurol 1994 Mar;14(1):84-9.

Kolpan KI. "Greetings"... a subpoena to the keeper of the records of your practice. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Sep;8(3):110-1.

Kolpan KI. 'i Dare you'. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Aug;12(4):93-4.

Kolpan KI. Legal issues for the family. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Jun;5(2):90-1.

Kolpan KI. Medicolegal issues. Getting involved in litigation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):82-4.

Kolpan KI. Medicolegal issues. Memory books... may have an impact on pending or future litigation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Aug;11(4):104-5.

Kolpan KI. Medicolegal issues regarding lifelong care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):100-1.

Kolpan KI. Medicolegal issues. Representing the person with severe brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Apr;10(2):101-2.

Kolpan KI. Medicolegal issues. Seeing is believing... jurors are skeptical when it comes to personal injury litigation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):98-9.

Kolpan KI. Medicolegal issues. Your life is an open book... when the person becomes a litigant in a lawsuit to obtain compensation for the loss. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Apr;11(2):102-3.

Kolpan KI. Neuropsychologists beware. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Dec;5(4):104-5.

Kolpan KI. No reported loss of consciousness... medicolegal issues. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Oct 1995;10(5):93-4.

Kolpan KI. Private pain -- public disclosure... the person with TBI may face complex legal challenges. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Sep;8(3):112-4.

Kolpan KI. Privilege of keeping it private. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):91-2.

Kolpan KI. Removing feeding tubes from patients in persistent vegetative state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):83-4.

Kolpan KI. Seeing is believing... traumatic brain injury... compensation that will reflect the seriousness of the injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1991 Dec;6(4):62-3.

Kolpan KI. To be seen or not to be seen -- that is the question... traumatic brain injury... medicolegal issues. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Mar;7(1):96-7.

Martin R. Legal challenges in educating traumatic brain injured students. J Learn Disabil 1988 Oct;21(8):471-5, 485.

McCaffrey RJ, Williams AD, Fisher JM, Laing LC. Forensic issues in mild head injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Sep;8(3):38-47.

Miller L. Back to the future: legal, vocational, and quality-of-life issues in the long-term adjustment of the brain-injured patient. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Sep-Oct;10(5):14-20.

Miller L. Litigating the head trauma case: issues and answers for attorneys and their clients. Cognit Rehabil 1990 May-Jun;8(3):8-12.

Penrod LE. Medicolegal aspects of traumatic brain injury. In: Horn LJ, Zasler ND, eds. Medical rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. p. 227-48.

Rambo KC, Cohen M. The legal field and the health care professional: weathering involvement with a patient's lawsuit. Cognit Rehabil 1990 May-Jun;8(3):18-21.

Spivack MP. Advocacy and legislative action for head-injured children and their families... National Head Injury Foundation (NHIF). J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Dec;1(4):41-7.

Stojiljkovic G,Tasic M, Budakov B, Simic M, Budimlija Z. Brain trauma: cause-consequence connection problems. Med Law 1998;17(2):215-9.

Taylor JS. Neurolaw: towards a new medical jurisprudence. Brain Inj 1995 Oct;9(7):745-51.

Voogt RD. Economic and legal aspects of neuropsychological rehabilitation. In: Leon-Carrion J. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: fundamentals, innovations, and directions. Delray Beach (FL): GR/St. Lucie Press; 1997. p. 531-51.

Weed RO. Care planning and earnings capacity analysis for brain injured clients involved in personal injury litigation utilizing the rapel method. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Sep;7(2):119-35.

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BIOMECHANICS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND RECOVERY

Biomechanics and Pathophysiology

Adelson PD, Dixon CE, Robichaud P, Kochanek PM. Motor and cognitive functional deficits following diffuse traumatic brain injury in the immature rat. J Neurotrauma 1997 Feb;14(2):99-108.

Adelson PD, Robichaud P, Hamilton RL, Kochanek PM. A model of diffuse traumatic brain injury in the immature rat. J Neurosurg 1996 Nov;85(5):877-84.

Adle-Biassette H, Duyckaerts C, Wasowicz M, He Y, Fornes P, Foncin JF, Lecomte D, Hauw JJ. Beta AP deposition and head trauma. Neurobiol Aging 1996 May-Jun;17(3):415-9.

Aguirre GK, Zarahn E, D'Esposito M. Neural components of topographical representation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 Feb 3;95(3):839-46.

Arrigoni E, Cohadon F. Calcium-activated neutral protease activities in brain trauma. Neurochem Res 1991 Apr;16(4):483-7.

Baldwin SA, Gibson T, Callihan CT, Sullivan PG, Palmer E, Scheff SW. Neuronal cell loss in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus following cortical contusion utilizing the optical disector method for cell counting. J Neurotrauma 1997 Jun;14(6):385-98.

Bandak FA. On the mechanics of impact neurotrauma: a review and critical synthesis. J Neurotrauma 1995 Aug;12(4):635-49.

Berker E. Diagnosis, physiology, pathology and rehabilitation of traumatic brain injuries. Int J Neurosci 1996 Apr;85(3-4):195-220.

Bernert H, Turski L. Traumatic brain damage prevented by the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo[f] quinoxaline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 May 28;93(11):5235-40.

Berney J, Froidevaux AC, Favier J. Paediatric head trauma: influence of age and sex. II. Biomechanical and anatomo-clinical correlations. Childs Nerv Syst 1994 Nov;10(8):517-23.

Biros MH. Experimental head trauma models: a clinical perspective. Resuscitation 1991 Dec;22(3):283-93.

Blumbergs PC, Scott G, Manavis J, Wainwright H, Simpson DA, McLean AJ. Staining of amyloid precursor protein to study axonal damage in mild head injury. Lancet 1994 Oct 15;344(8929):1055-6.

Bodjarian N, Jamali S, Boisset N, Tadie M. Strong expression of GFAP mRNA in rat hippocampus after a closed-head injury. Neuroreport 1997 Dec 22;8(18):3951-6.

Boock RJ, Doan D, Goldstein D, Thibault LE. Model for short-term intracranial pressure changes following traumatic injury. Ann Biomed Eng 1993 Nov-Dec;21(6):645-53.

Born JD. The Glasgow-Liege Scale. Prognostic value and evolution of motor response and brain stem reflexes after severe head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988;91(1-2):1-11.

Bouma GJ, Muizelaar JP, Stringer WA, Choi SC, Fatouros P, Young HF. Ultra-early evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured patients using xenon-enhanced computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1992 Sep;77(3):360-8. Comment in: J Neurosurg 1993 Mar;78(3):522-3.

Boyeson MG. Neurochemical alterations after brain injury: clinical implications for pharmacologic rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1 (1):33-43.

Boyeson MG, Jones JL, Harmon RL. Sparing of motor function after cortical injury. A new perspective on underlying mechanisms. Arch Neurol 1994 Apr;51(4):405-14.

Bramlett HM, Green EJ, Dietrich WD, Busto R, Globus MY, Ginsberg MD. Posttraumatic brain hypothermia provides protection from sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral deficits. J Neurotrauma 1995 Jun;12(3):289-98.

Bramlett HM, Kraydieh S, Green EJ, Dietrich WD. Temporal and regional patterns of axonal damage following traumatic brain injury: a beta-amyloid precursor protein immunocytochemical study in rats. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997 Oct;56(10):1132-41.

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Cellular Recovery and Neuronal Plasticity in Traumatic Brain Injury

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COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Alzheimer's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury

Beeson JG, Shelton ER, Chan HW, Gage FH. Age and damage induced changes in amyloid protein precursor immunohistochemistry in the rat brain. J Comp Neurol 1994 Apr 1;342(1):69-77.

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Graham DI, Gentleman SM, Nicoll JA, Royston MC, McKenzie JE, Roberts GW, Griffin WS. Altered beta-APP metabolism after head injury and its relationship to the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1996;66:96-102.

Graves AB, White E, Koepsell TD, Reifler BV, van Belle G, Larson EB, Raskind M. The association between head trauma and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990 Mar;131(3):491-501.

Hoshino S, Tamaoka A, Takahashi M, Kobayashi S, Furukawa T, Oaki Y, Mori O, Matsuno S, Shoji S, Inomata M, Teramoto A. Emergence of immunoreactivities for phosphorylated tau and amyloid-beta protein in chronic stage of fluid percussion injury in rat brain. Neuroreport 1998 Jun 1;9(8):1879-83.

Mattson MP, Barger SW, Furukawa K, Bruce AJ, Wyss-Coray T, Mark RJ, Mucke L. Cellular signaling roles of TGF beta, TNF alpha and beta APP in brain injury responses and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1997 Feb;23(1-2):47-61.

Mayeux R, Ottman R, Maestre G, Ngai C, Tang MX, Ginsberg H, Chun M, Tycko B, Shelanski M. Synergistic effects of traumatic head injury and apolipoprotein-epsilon 4 in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1995 Mar;45(3 Pt 1):555-7. Comment in: Neurology 1996 Mar;46(3):889-91.

O'Meara ES, Kukull WA, Sheppard L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Pfanschmidt M, Thompson JD, Schellenberg GD, Larson EB. Head injury and risk of Alzheimer's disease by apolipoprotein E genotype. Am J Epidemiol 1997 Sep 1;146(5):373-84.

Rasmusson DX, Brandt J, Martin DB, Folstein MF. Head injury as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Inj 1995 Apr;9(3):213-9.

Schofield PW, Tang M, Marder K, Bell K, Dooneief G, Chun M, Sano M, Stern Y, Mayeux R. Alzheimer's disease after remote head injury: an incidence study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997 Feb;62(2):119-24.

Tang MX, Maestre G, Tsai WY, Liu XH, Feng L, Chung WY, Chun M, Schofield P, Stern Y, Tycko B, Mayeux R. Effect of age, ethnicity, and head injury on the association between APOE genotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996 Dec 16;802:6-15.

van Duijn CM, Tanja TA, Haaxma R, Schulte W, Saan RJ, Lameris AJ, Antonides-Hendriks G, Hofman A. Head trauma and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Epidemiol 1992 Apr 1;135(7):775-82.

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Other Memory Changes and Cognitive Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

Agresti AA, Corrigan JD, Gribble M. Effects of mode of presentation on head-injured patients' recall of narrative information. J Clin Psychol 1989 Mar;45(2):270-6.

Allen CC, Ruff RM. Self-rating versus neuropsychological performance of moderate versus severe head-injured patients. Brain Inj 1990 Jan-Mar;4(1):7-17.

Anderson SI, Taylor R, Jones PA, Miller JD. A comparison of neuropsychological and functional outcome, and uptake of rehabilitation services, following severe and moderate head injury. Clin Rehabil 1994 Nov;8(4):301-6.

Arcia E, Gualtieri CT. Neurobehavioural performance of adults with closed-head injury, adults with attention deficit, and controls. Brain Inj 1994 Jul;8(5):395-404.

Ashley MJ, Krych DK. Cognitive disorders: diagnosis and treatment in the TBI patient. In: Ashley MJ, Krych DK, eds. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1995. p. 289-318.

Azouvi P, Jokic C, Van der Linden M, Marlier N, Bussel B. Working memory and supervisory control after severe closed-head injury. A study of dual task performance and random generation. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1996 Jun;18(3):317-37.

Baguley IJ, Felmingham KL, Lahz S, Gordan E, Lazzaro I, Schotte DE. Alcohol abuse and traumatic brain injury: effect on event-related potentials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1248-53.

Biddle KR, McCabe A, Bliss LS. Narrative skills following traumatic brain injury in children and adults. J Commun Disord 1996 Nov-Dec;29(6):447-68; quiz 468-9.

Bleiberg J, Garmoe WS, Halpern EL, Reeves DL, Nadler JD. Consistency of within-day and across-day performance after mild brain injury. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1997 Oct;10(4):247-53.

Blosser JL, DePompei R. A proactive model for treating communication disorders in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury. Clin Commun Disord 1992 Spring;2(2):52-65.

Boake C, Freeland JC, Ringholz GM, Nance ML, Edwards KE. Awareness of memory loss after severe closed-head injury. Brain Inj 1995 Apr;9(3):273-83.

Bohnen N, Jolles J, Twijnstra A. Neuropsychological deficits in patients with persistent symptoms six months after mild head injury. Neurosurgery 1992 May;30(5):692-5; discussion 695-6.

Bohnen N, Jolles J, Twijnstra A, Mellink R, Sulon J. Coping styles, cortisol reactivity, and performance in a vigilance task of patients with persistent postconcussive symptoms after a mild head injury. Int J Neurosci 1992 May-Jun;64(1-4):97-105.

Bowen JM, Clark E, Bigler ED, Gardner M, Nilsson D, Gooch J, Pompa J. Childhood traumatic brain injury: neuropsychological status at the time of hospital discharge. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997 Jan;39(1):17-25.

Bramanti P, Sessa E, Saltuari L. Post-traumatic mutism. J Neurosurg Sci 1994 Jun;38(2):117-22.

Brooks N, Symington C, Beattie A, Campsie L, Bryden J, McKinlay W. Alcohol and other predictors of cognitive recovery after severe head injury. Brain Inj 1989 Jul-Sep;3(3):235-46.

Bryan MR. The pre-school child sustains a traumatic brain injury: developmental and learning issues. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Oct;5(4):323-30.

Burke JM, Imhoff CL, Kerrigan JM. MMPI correlates among post-acute TBI patients. Brain Inj 1990 Jul-Sep;4(3):223-31.

Cahn G, Gould RE. Understanding head injury and intellectual recovery from brain damage: is IQ an adequate measure? Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1996;24(1):135-42.

Campbell KB, Suffield JB, Deacon DL. Electrophysiological assessment of cognitive disorder in closed head-injured outpatients. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1990;41:202-15

Capruso DX, Levin HS. Cognitive impairment following closed head injury. Neurol Clin 1992 Nov;10(4):879-93.

Carlesimo GA, Sabbadini M, Loasses A, Caltagirone C. Forgetting from long-term memory in severe closed-head injury patients: effect of retrieval conditions and semantic organization. Cortex 1997 Mar;33(1):131-42.

Chapman SB, Culhane KA, Levin HS, Harward H, Mendelsohn D, Ewing-Cobbs L, Fletcher JM, Bruce D. Narrative discourse after closed head injury in children and adolescents. Brain Lang 1992 Jul;43(1):42-65.

Chen Y, Lomnitski L, Michaelson DM, Shohami E. Motor and cognitive deficits in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice after closed head injury. Neuroscience 1997 Oct;80(4):1255-62.

Clark CR, O'Hanlon AP, Wright MJ, Geffen GM. Event-related potential measurement of deficits in information processing following moderate to severe closed head injury. Brain Inj 1992 Nov-Dec;6(6):509-20.

Clarke S, Bellmann A, De Ribaupierre F, Assal G. Non-verbal auditory recognition in normal subjects and brain-damaged patients: evidence for parallel processing. Neuropsychologia 1996 Jun;34(6):587-603.

Coelho CA, Liles BZ, Duffy RJ. Discourse analyses with closed head injured adults: evidence for differing patterns of deficits. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1991 Jun;72(7):465-8.

Corkin S, Rosen TJ, Sullivan EV, Clegg RA. Penetrating head injury in young adulthood exacerbates cognitive decline in later years. J Neurosci 1989 Nov;9(11):3876-83.

Costeff H, Abraham E, Brenner T, Horowitz I, Apter N, Sadan N, Najenson T. Late neuropsychologic status after childhood head trauma. Brain Dev 1988;10(6):371-4.

Crosson B, Novack TA, Trenerry MR, Craig PL. California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) performance in severely head-injured and neurologically normal adult males. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1988 Dec;10(6):754-68.

Crovitz HF, Diaco DS, Apter A. Consistency in recalling features of former head injuries: retrospective questionnaire vs. interview retest. Cortex 1992 Sep;28(3):509-12.

D'Esposito M, Alexander MP. The clinical profiles, recovery, and rehabilitation of memory disorders. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Apr;5(2):141-59.

De Haan EH, Young AW, Newcombe F. Neuropsychological impairment of face recognition units. Q J Exp Psychol [A] 1992 Jan;44(1):141-75.

Dennis M, Barnes MA. Knowing the meaning, getting the point, bridging the gap, and carrying the message: aspects of discourse following closed head injury in childhood and adolescence. Brain Lang 1990 Oct;39(3):428-46.

Donders J, Strom D. The effect of traumatic brain injury on children with learning disability. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Jul-Sep;1(3):179-84.

Dywan J, Segalowitz SJ, Henderson D, Jacoby L. Memory for source after traumatic brain injury. Brain Cogn 1993 Jan;21(1):20-43.

Emilien G, Waltregny A. Traumatic brain injury, cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Impact of clinical neuropsychology research. Acta Neurol Belg 1996 Jun;96(2):89-101.

Ewert J, Levin HS, Watson MG, Kalisky Z. Procedural memory during posttraumatic amnesia in survivors of severe closed head injury. Implications for rehabilitation. Arch Neurol 1989 Aug;46(8):911-6.

Ewing-Cobbs L, Fletcher JM, Levin HS, Francis DJ, Davidson K, Miner ME. Longitudinal neuropsychological outcome in infants and preschoolers with traumatic brain injury. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1997 Nov;3(6):581-91.

Ewing-Cobbs L, Levin HS, Fletcher JM, Miner ME, Eisenberg HM. The Children's Orientation and Amnesia Test: relationship to severity of acute head injury and to recovery of memory. Neurosurgery 1990 Nov;27(5):683-91; discussion 691.

Ewing-Cobbs L, Miner ME, Fletcher JM, Levin HS. Intellectual, motor, and language sequelae following closed head injury in infants and preschoolers. J Pediatr Psychol 1989 Dec;14(4):531-47.

Fasotti L, Eling PA, Bremer JJ. The internal representation of arithmetical word problem sentences: frontal and posterior-injured patients compared. Brain Cogn 1992 Nov;20(2):245-63.

Flannery J. Psychometric properties of a cognitive functioning scale for patients with traumatic brain injury. West J Nurs Res 1993 Aug;15(4):465-77; discussion 477-82.

Fox GB, Fan L, Levasseur RA, Faden AI. Sustained sensory/motor and cognitive deficits with neuronal apoptosis following cortical impact brain injury in the mouse. J Neurotrauma 1998 Aug;15(8):599-614.

Freeman MR, Ryan JJ, Lopez SJ, Mittenberg W. Cognitive estimation in traumatic brain injury: relationships with measures of intelligence, memory, and affect. Int J Neurosci 1995 Dec;83(3-4):269-73.

Gansler DA, Covall S, McGrath N, Oscar-Berman M. Measures of prefrontal dysfunction after closed head injury. Brain Cogn 1996 Mar;30(2):194-204.

Gasquoine PG. Learning in post-traumatic amnesia following extremely severe closed head injury. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):169-75.

Gass CS, Apple C. Cognitive complaints in closed-head injury: relationship to memory test performance and emotional disturbance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1997 Apr;19(2):290-9.

Geffen GM, Encel JS, Forrester GM. Stages of recovery during post-traumatic amnesia and subsequent everyday memory deficits. Neuroreport 1991 Feb;2(2):105-8.

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Behavioral Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

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INTERVENTIONS FOR COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL SEQUELAE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Behavioral Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

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Uomoto JM, Brockway JA. Anger management training for brain injured patients and their family members. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992 Jul;73(7):674-9.

von Cramon DY, Matthes von Cramon G. Reflections on the treatment of brain-injured patients suffering from problem-solving disorders. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1992;2(3):207-29.

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Cognitive Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Compensatory Approaches and Remediation of Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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Gray JM, Robertson I. Remediation of attentional difficulties following brain injury: three experimental single case studies. Brain Inj 1989 Apr-Jun;3(2):163-70.

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Prigatano GP, Amin K, Jaramillo K. Memory performance and use of a compensation after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1993;3(1):53-62.

Raskin SA, Sohlberg MM. The efficacy of prospective memory training in two adults with brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Jun;11(3):32-51 .

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Sohlberg MM, White O, Evans E, Mateer C. Background and initial case studies into the effects of prospective memory training . Brain Inj 1992 Mar-Apr;6(2):129-38. Comment in: Brain Inj 1992 Mar-Apr;6(2):107-8.

Sohlberg MM, White O, Evans E, Mateer C. An investigation of the effects of prospective memory training . Brain Inj 1992 Mar-Apr;6(2):139-54. Comment in: Brain Inj 1992 Mar-Apr;6(2):107-8.

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Suzman KB, Morris RD, Morris MK, Milan MA. Cognitive-behavioral remediation of problem solving deficits in children with acquired brain injury. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1997 Sep;28(3):203-12.

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Webb D. Increasing carryover and independent use of compensatory strategies in brain injured patients. Cognit Rehabil 1991 May-Jun;9(3):28-35 .

White SM, Seckinger S, Doyle M, Strauss DL. Compensatory strategies for people with traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1997 Nov;9(3):205-12.

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Wilson B. Recovery and compensatory strategies in head injured memory impaired people several years after insult. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992 Mar;55(3):177-80.

Wilson BA. Long-term prognosis of patients with severe memory disorders. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1991;1(2):117-34.

Wilson BA. Recovery of cognitive functions following nonprogressive brain injury. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1998 Apr;8(2):281-7.

Wilson BA. Syndromes of acquired dyslexia and patterns of recovery: a 6- to 10-year follow-up study of seven brain-injured people. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994 Jun;16(3):354-71.

Wilson BA, Baddeley A, Evans J, Shiel A. Errorless learning in the rehabilitation of memory impaired people. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1994 Sep; 4(3):307-26.

Wilson BA, Evans JJ. Error-free learning in the rehabilitation of people with memory impairments. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Apr;11(2):54-64 .

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Other Cognitive Rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Adamovich BB, Henderson JA, Auerbach S. Cognitive rehabilitation of closed head injured patients: a dynamic approach. Austin (TX): PRO-ED; 1991.

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Annoni JM, Jenkins DG, Williams J. Four case reports illustrating the contribution of intensive cognitive rehabilitation in patients neuropsychologically handicapped as a result of brain damage. Disabil Rehabil 1995 Nov-Dec;17(8):449-55.

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Ashley MJ KDe. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Boca Raton (FL).

Bergquist TF, Malec JF. Psychology: current practice and training issues in treatment of cognitive dysfunction. Neurorehabilitation 8/1 (49-56). 1997 1997 Jan;8(1):49-56.

Bewick KC, Raymond MJ, Malia KB, Bennett TL. Metacognition as the ultimate executive: techniques and tasks to facilitate executive functions. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Oct;5(4):367-75.

Boake C. A history of cognitive rehabilitation of head-injured patients, 1915 to 1980. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Sep;4(3):1-8.

Bracy OL. Cognitive functioning and rehabilitation. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 Mar-Apr ;12(2):12-6.

Bracy OL 3rd. To do therapy or not do therapy -- that is part of the question. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 Jul-Aug ;12(4):2-3.

Bradley VA, Welch JL, Skilbeck CE e. Cognitive retraining using microcomputers. Hove (UK): L. Erlbaum Associates; 1993. 266 p.

Christensen AL, Uzzell BP. Brain injury and neuropsychological rehabilitation: international perspectives. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erhlbaum Associates; 1994. 341 p.

Cicerone KD. Cognitive rehabilitation: learning from experience and planning ahead. Neurorehabilitation 1997 Jan;8(1):13-9.

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Direnfeld G. Brain injury: reweaving the spider's web. J Cognit Rehabil 1996 Sep-Oct;14(5):6-7.

Doman G, Wilkinson R, Dimancescu MD, Pelligra R. The effect of intense multi-sensory stimulation on coma arousal and recovery. Special Issue: Coma and the persistent vegetative state. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1993;3(2):203-12.

Dombovy ML, Olek AC. Recovery and rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 May;11(5):305-18.

Dougherty PM, Randomski MV. The cognitive rehabilitation workbook: a dynamic assessment approach for adults with brain injury. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg (MD): Aspen Publishers; 1993. 321 p.

Fluharty G, Sellon C, Glassman N. Optimizing outcome through cognitive therapy and advocacy: a case study. Brain Inj 1994 Nov-Dec;8(8):729-34.

Fryer LJ, Haffey WJ. Cognitive rehabilitation and community readaptation: outcomes from two program models. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Sep;2(3):51-63 .

Gianutsos R. The computer in cognitive rehabilitation: it's not just a tool anymore. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):26-35 .

Glisky EL, Delaney SM. Implicit memory and new semantic learning in posttraumatic amnesia. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Apr;11(2):31-42.

Goodwin RE, Bolton DP. Decision-making in cognitive rehabilitation: a clinical model. Cognit Rehabil 1991 Jul-Aug;9(4):12-9 .

Guiilmette TJ. Pocket guide to brain injury, cognitive, and neurobehavioral rehabilitation. San Diego (CA): Singular Pub. Group; 1997. 263 p.

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Herrmann D, Parente R. The multimodal approach to cognitive rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1994 Jul;4(3):133-42.

Iacarino J. The speech-language pathologist on the cognitive rehabilitation team:current training and practice issues. Neurorehabilitation 1997 Jan;8(1):43-8.

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Kirsch NL, Levine SP. Technology and head injury rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):vii-119.

Kreutzer JS, Wehman P. Cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury. Bisbee (AZ): Imaginart; 1996. 299 p.

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Leon Carrion J e. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: fundamentals, innovations, and directions. Delray Beach (FL): GR/St. Lucie Press; 1997. 568 p.

Mateer CA, Mapou RL. Understanding, evaluating, and managing attention disorders following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Apr;11(2):1-16 .

Mazmanian PE. Cognitive rehabilitation: theory and informed practice. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Aug;1(3):86-9.

Morse PA, Morse AR. Functional living skills: Promoting the interaction between neuropsychology and occupational therapy. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1988 Mar; Vol 3(1):33-44.

Parente R, Twum M, Zoltan B. Transfer and generalization of cognitive skill after traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1994 Jan;4(1):25-35.

Parker RS. Neurobehavioral outcome of children's mild traumatic brain injury. Semin Neurol 1994 Mar;14(1):67-73.

Pepin M, Loranger M, Benoit G. Efficiency of cognitive training: review and prospects. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Jul-Aug;13(4):8-14 .

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Possl J, Yves Von Cramon D. Clients' view of neuropsychological rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1996 Feb;10(2):125-32.

Prigatano GP. Learning from our successes and failures: reflections and comments on "Cognitive rehabilitation: how it is and how it might be". J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1997 Sep;3(5):497-9; discussion 500.

Purdy M, Neri L. Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in the home. Cognit Rehabil 1989 Nov-Dec;7(6):34-8 .

Ruff RM, Baser CA, Johnston JW, Marshall LF, Klauber SK, Klauber MR, Minteer M. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: an experimental study with head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Sep;4(3):20-36.

Ruff RM, Niemann H. Cognitive rehabilitation versus day treatment in head-injured adults: is there an impact on emotional and psychosocial adjustment? Brain Inj 1990 Oct-Dec;4(4):339-47.

Sbordone RJ. Assessment and treatment of cognitive-communicative impairments in the closed-head-injury patient: A neurobehavioral-systems approach. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1988 Jun;3(2):55-62.

Schwartz SM. Adults with traumatic brain injury: three case studies of cognitive rehabilitation in the home setting. Am J Occup Ther 1995 Jul-Aug;49(7):655-67.

Schwentor D. Using video-based training with individuals with traumatic brain injury. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 May-Jun;11(3):26-30 .

Shaw TG, Groom KN. Functional treatment recommendations for patients with right hemipshere, nonverbal deficits. J Cognit Rehabil 1996 Nov-Dec;14(6):6-11 .

Sherer M, Oden K, Bergloff P, Levin E, High WM Jr. Assessment and treatment of impaired awareness after brain injury:implications for community re-integration. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):25-37.

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Slade C, Burns R. Cognitive rehabilitation at a retail work site. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 May-Jun;10(3):10-3.

Sohlberg MM, Mateer CA. Introduction to cognitive rehabilitation: theory and practice. New York; Guilford Press.

Sohlberg MM, Mateer CA, Stuss DT. Contemporary approaches to the management of executive control dysfunction. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Mar;8(1):45-58 .

SturmW, Willmes K, Orgass B, Hartje W. Do specific attention deficits need specific training? Neuropsychol Rehabil 1997 Apr;7(2):81-103.

Trexler LE, Zappala G. Re-examining the determinants of recovery and rehabilitation of memory defects following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1988 Jul-Sep;2(3):187-203.

Uomoto JM. Neuropsychological assessment and cognitive rehabilitation after brain injury. Traumatic Brain Inj 1992 May;3(2):291-317.

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Voorhees SL. Cognitive rehabilitation: an important aspect of the rehabilitation approach. Cognit Rehabil 1985 Jul-Aug;3(4):4-7.

Weber AM. A practical clinical approach to understanding and treating attentional problems. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):73-85 .

Wilson BA. Cognitive rehabilitation: how it is and how it might be. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 1997 Sep;3(5):487-96.

Wilson C, Robertson IH. A home-based intervention for attentional slips during reading following head injury: A single case study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1992;2(3):193-205.

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Wood RL. Rehabilitation of patients with disorders of attention. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Sep;1(3):43-53 .

Wood RL, Fussey I. Cognitive rehabilitation in perspective. London; L. Erlbaum Associates.

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Computers, Software, and Technological Devices in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Ackerman RJ, Banks ME. Computers and ethical treatment for brain-injured patients. Soc Sci Comput Rev 1990 Spring;8(1):83-95.

Bergman MM. The necessity of a clinical perspective in the design of computer prostheses. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1991 Jun ;6(2):100-4 .

Bracy OL. The card shark game. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Jul-Aug ;10(4):51-9.

Bracy OL. From the editor... free Soft Tools diskette with each issue. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Jan-Feb;13(1):2.

Bracy OL. Soft tools. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Sep-Oct;10(5):49-59.

Bracy OL. Soft tools: 0's and 1's. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Nov-Dec;10(6):48-59.

Bracy OL. Soft Tools '95. Click and go... the program on the enclosed diskette... is an exercise in attention, executive skills and eye/hand coordination. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 May-Jun ;13(3):26.

Bracy OL. Soft tools '95. Fast addition. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Nov-Dec ;13(6):26.

Bracy OL. Soft tools '95. Trail Trace 3D. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Jul-Aug ;13(4):26.

Bracy OL. Soft tools '96... Digit/Symbol Transfer. J Cognit Rehabil 1996 May-Jun ;14(3):26-7.

Bracy OL. Soft tools '96... shapes in a row. J Cognit Rehabil 1996 Sep-Oct ;14(5):26-7.

Bracy OL. Soft tools '96. Spell it. J Cognit Rehabil 1996 Jan-Feb ;14(1):26-7.

Bracy OL. Soft tools... Colormatch 3D. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Sep-Oct;13(5):26.

Bracy OL. Soft tools... flasher. Cognit Rehabil 1991 Jul-Aug ;9(4):38-41.

Bracy OL. Soft tools... P's & Q's. Cognit Rehabil 1991 Sep-Oct ;9(5):42-53.

Bracy OL. Soft tools... paced cancellation task PCT... simultaneous multiple attention SMA. Cognit Rehabil 1991 Nov-Dec ;9(6):35-41.

Bracy OL. Title: 3D Tic-Tac-Toe... 3D extension of the old game. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):26.

Bracy OL. Title: Road Trip [sic]... software... the enclosed diskette... requires one to read a map. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Jan-Feb ;13(1):26.

Bracy OL. Title: What's the Word?... software... enclosed diskette. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Mar-Apr;13(2):26.

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Kirsch NL, Levine SP. Technology and head injury rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):vii-119.

Kirsch NL, Levine SP, Fallon Krueger M, Jaros LA. Focus on clinical research: the microcomputer as an "orthotic" device for patients with cognitive deficits. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Dec;2(4):77-86 .

Kirsch NL, Levine SP, Lajiness O'Neill R, Schnyder M. Computer-assisted interactive task guidance: facilitating the performance of a simulated vocational task. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):13-25.

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Levine SP/Horstmann HM, Kirsch NL. Performance considerations for people with cognitive impairment in accessing assistive technologies. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):46-58 .

Levinson R. Tests, measurement, and technology. The Planning and Execution Assistant and Trainer (PEAT)... hand-held electronic calender and address book that features automatic cueing to start and stop daily activities. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):85-91 .

Lynch W. Adaptive devices for microcomputers... part 1. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Dec;1(4):80-2.

Lynch W. Adaptive devices for microcomputers... part 2. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Mar;2(1):79-80.

Lynch W. Computer-assisted cognitive retraining. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Jun;1(2):77-8.

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Lynch WJ. Cognitive prostheses for the brain impaired. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Sep;5(3):78-80 .

Lynch WJ. Computer access for the disabled: entering the new decade. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Jun;5(2):87-9 .

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Lynch WJ. A Language Master for the 1990s. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):88-90.

Lynch WJ. The Macintosh as a tool in rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1991 Dec;6(4):64-6 (3 ref).

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Exercise and Movement Therapy in Traumatic Brain Injury

Berrol C. Dance/movement therapy in head injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1990 Jul-Sep;4(3):257-65.

Fines L, Nichols D. An evaluation of a twelve week recreational kayak program: effects on self-concept, leisure satisfaction and leisure attitude of adults with traumatic brain injuries. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 Sep-Oct;12(5):10-5 .

Gordon WA, Sliwinski M, Echo J, McLoughlin M, Sheerer MS, Meili TE. The benefits of exercise in individuals with traumatic brain injury: A retrospective study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Aug;13(4):58-67.

Kinney LaPier TL, Sirotnak N, Alexander K. Aerobic exercise for a patient with chronic multisystem impairments. Phys Ther 1998 Apr;78(4):417-24.

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Pharmacotherapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

Allman P. Drug treatment of emotionalism following brain damage. J R Soc Med 1992 Jul;85(7):423-4.

Auerbach V, Jann B. Ethicolegal issues in pharmacotherapy for neurorehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1(1):58-63.

Bell KR, Cardenas DC. New frontiers of neuropharmacologic treatment of brain injury agitation. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Jul;5(3):233-44.

Bellus SB, Stewart D, Vergo JG, Kost PP, Grace J, Barkstrom SR . The use of lithium in the treatment of aggressive behaviours with two brain-injured individuals in a state psychiatric hospital. Brain Inj 1996 Nov;10(11):849-60.

Bessette RF, Peterson LG. Fluoxetine and organic mood syndrome. Psychosomatics 1992 Spring;33(2):224-6.

Blackerby WF, Gualtieri T. Recent advances in neurobehavioral rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Aug;1(3):53-61.

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Boyeson MG. Neurochemical alterations after brain injury: clinical implications for pharmacologic rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1 (1):33-43.

Boyeson MG, Harmon RL. Acute and postacute drug-induced effects on rate of behavioral recovery after brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Sep ;9(3):78-90 .

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Cardenas DD. Cognition-enhancing drugs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Dec ;8(4):112-4.

Cardenas DD, McLean A Jr. Psychopharmacologic management of traumatic brain injury. Traumatic Brain Inj 1992 May;3(2):273-89.

Cardenas DD, McLean A Jr, Farrell-Roberts L, Baker L, Brooke M, Haselkorn J. Oral physostigmine and impaired memory in adults with brain injury. Brain Inj 1994 Oct;8(7):579-87.

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Cassidy JW. Neurochemical substrates of aggression: toward a model for improved intervention... part 1. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Jun ;5(2):83-6 .

Cassidy JW. Neurochemical substrates of aggression: toward a model for improved intervention... part 2. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Sep ;5(3):70-3 .

Cassidy JW. Neuropharmacological management of destructive behavior after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Sep ;9(3):43-60 .

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Chatham-Showalter PE, Dubov WE, Barr MC, Rhodes M, Sun JM, Wasser T. Alcohol level at head injury and subsequent psychotropic treatment during trauma critical care. Psychosomatics 1996 May-Jun;37(3):285-8.

Chen Y, Shohami E, Bass R, Weinstock M. Cerebro-protective effects of ENA713, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in closed head injury in the rat. Brain Res 1998 Feb 16;784(1-2):18-24.

Cockrell JL. Pharmacologic treatment in pediatric rehabilitation: potential adverse effects. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1(1):64-8.

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D'Esposito MD, Alexander MP. The clinical profiles, recovery, and rehabilitation of memory disorders. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Apr;5(2):141-59.

Dinan TG, Mobayed M. Treatment resistance of depression after head injury: a preliminary study of amitriptyline response. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992 Apr;85(4):292-4.

Dobkin BH, Hanlon R. Dopamine agonist treatment of antegrade amnesia from a mediobasal forebrain injury. Ann Neurol 1993 Mar;33(3):313-6.

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Dunn-Meynell AA, Yarlagadda Y, Levin BE. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade increases behavioral deficits in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 1997 Jan;14(1):43-52.

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Eslinger PJ, Grattan LM, Geder L. Impact of frontal lobe lesions on rehabilitation and recovery from acute brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1995 Jul;5(3):161-82.

Faden AI. Dynorphin increases extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids in the brain through a non-opioid mechanism. J Neurosci 1992 Feb;12(2):425-9.

Faden AI. Pharmacological treatment of central nervous system trauma. Pharmacol Toxicol 1996 Jan;78(1):12-7.

Glenn MB. Methylphenidate for cognitive and behavioral dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):87-90.

Glenn MB. Update on pharmacology. Zolpidem for the treatment of insomnia. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Apr;11(2):96-8 .

Glenn MB, Joseph AB. The use of lithium for behavioral and affective disorders after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Dec;2(4):68-76 .

Glenn MB, Wroblewski B. The choice of antidepressants in depressed survivors of traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Sep;4(3):85-8 .

Glenn MB, Wroblewski B, Parziale J, Levine L, Whyte J, Rosenthal M. Lithium carbonate for aggressive behavior or affective instability in ten brain-injured patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1989 Oct;68(5):221-6.

Gualtieri CT. Pharmacotherapy and the neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1988 Apr-Jun;2(2):101-29.

Gualtieri CT, Evans RW. Stimulant treatment for the neurobehavioural sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1988 Oct-Dec;2(4):273-90.

Hamm RJ, O'Dell DM, Pike BR, Lyeth BG . Cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury: the effect of pre- and post-injury administration of scopolamine and MK-801. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1993 Dec;1(4):223-6.

Hamm RJ, Temple MD, Pike BR, Ellis EF. The effect of postinjury administration of polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (pegorgotein, Dismutec) or lidocaine on behavioral function following fluid-percussion brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 1996 Jun;13(6):325-32.

Harmon RL, Boyeson MG. Clinical neuropharmacology of behavioral recovery following brain injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1997 Nov;8(4):651-65.

Harukuni I, Traystman RJ, Bhardwaj A, Koehler RC, Kirsch JR. Intravenous basic fibroblast growth factor does not ameliorate brain injury resulting from transient focal ischemia in cats . J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1998 Jul;10(3):160-5.

Hayes RI, Jenkins LW, Lyeth BG. Neurochemical aspects of head injury: role of excitatory neurotransmission. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Jun;7(2):16-28.

Hornyak JE, Nelson VS, Hurvitz EA. The use of methylphenidate in paediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Rehabil 1997 Jan-Mar;1(1):15-7.

Janis LS, Hoane MR, Conde D, Fulop Z, Stein DG. Acute ethanol administration reduces the cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 1998 Feb;15(2):105-15.

Joseph AB, Wroblewski B. Update on pharmacology. Depression, antidepressants, and traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Apr;10(2):90-5 .

Joseph AB, Wroblewski BA. Potentially toxic serum concentrations of desipramine after discontinuation of valproic acid. Brain Inj 1993 Sep-Oct;7(5):463-5.

Kaelin DL, Cifu DX, Matthies B. Methylphenidate effect on attention deficit in the acutely brain-injured adult. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Jan;77(1):6-9.

Kant R, Smith-Seemiller L, Zeiler D. Treatment of aggression and irritability after head injury . Brain Inj 1998 Aug;12(8):661-6.

Klauber KW, Ward McKinlay C. Managing behavior in the patient with traumatic brain injury. Top Acute Care Trauma Rehabil 1986 Jul;1(1):48-60 .

Kneale TA, Eames P. Pharmacology and flexibility in the rehabilitation of two brain-injured adults. Brain Inj 1991 Jul-Sep;5(3):327-30.

Kolakowsky SA, Parente R. Nootropics, nutrients, and other cognitive enhancing substances for use in cognitive rehabilitation: a review and bibliography. J Cognit Rehabil 1997 Mar-Apr;15(2):12-24.

Kraus MF, Maki P. The combined use of amantadine and l-dopa/carbidopa in the treatment of chronic brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 Jun;11(6):455-60.

Kraus MF, Maki PM. Effect of amantadine hydrochloride on symptoms of frontal lobe dysfunction in brain injury: case studies and review. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1997 Spring;9(2):222-30.

Lal S, Merbtiz CP, Grip JC. Modification of function in head-injured patients with Sinemet . Brain Inj 1988 Jul-Sep;2(3):225-33. Comment in: Brain Inj 1989 Jul-Sep;3(3):319-22.

Lewin J, Sumners D. Successful treatment of episodic dyscontrol with carbamazepine . Br J Psychiatry 1992 Aug;161:261-2. Comment in: Br J Psychiatry 1992 Nov;161:721; Br J Psychiatry 1992 Dec;161:866

Long DA, Ghosh K, Moore AN, Dixon CE, Dash PK. Deferoxamine improves spatial memory performance following experimental brain injury in rats. Brain Res 1996 Apr 22;717(1-2):109-17.

Lyeth BG, Jenkins LW, Hayes RL. The NMDA receptor: theoretical and clinical implications in the acute treatment of traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1(1):50-7.

Ma J, Endres M, Moskowitz MA. Synergistic effects of caspase inhibitors and MK-801 in brain injury after transient focal cerebral ischaemia in mice. Br J Pharmacol 1998 Jun;124(4):756-62.

Mas F, Prichep L S, Alper K. Treatment resistant depression in a case of minor head injury: an electrophysiological hypothesis. Clin Electroencephalogr 1993 Jul;24(3):118-22.

McIntosh TK, Fernyak S, Hayes RL, Faden AI. Beneficial effect of the nonselective opiate antagonist naloxone hydrochloride and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog YM-14673 on long-term neurobehavioral outcome following experimental brain injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 1993 Winter;10(4):373-84.

McIntosh TK, Smith DH. On the clinical horizon. Therapeutic strategies in current clinical trials. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Dec;10(6):1-6 .

McIntosh TK, Smith DH, Voddi M, Perri BR, Stutzmann JM. Riluzole, a novel neuroprotective agent, attenuates both neurologic motor and cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 1996 Dec;13(12):767-80.

McIntyre FL, Gasquoine P. Effect of clonidine on post-traumatic memory deficits. Brain Inj 1990 Apr-Jun;4(2):209-11.

McNeny R, Zasler ND. Neuropharmacologic management of hemi-inattention after brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1(1):72-8.

Mesenge C, Margaill I, Verrecchia C, Allix M, Boulu RG, Plotkine M. Protective effect of melatonin in a model of traumatic brain injury in mice. J Pineal Res 1998 Aug;25(1):41-6.

Michals ML, Crismon ML, Roberts S, Childs A. Clozapine response and adverse effects in nine brain-injured patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993 Jun;13(3):198-203.

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Muir JK, Lyeth BG, Hamm RJ, Ellis EF. The effect of acute cocaine or lidocaine on behavioral function following fluid percussion brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 1995 Feb;12(1):87-97.

Mysiw WJ, Clinchot DM. Medications to enhance cognitive functioning. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1997 Nov;8(4):781-800.

Mysiw WJ, Jackson RD. Tricyclic antidepressant therapy after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Dec;2(4):34-42 .

O'Dell DM, Hamm RJ. Chronic postinjury administration of MDL 26,479 (Suritozole), a negative modulator at the GABAA receptor, and cognitive impairment in rats following traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 1995 Nov;83(5):878-83.

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O'Shanick GJ. Cognitive function after brain injury: pharmacologic interference and facilitation. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Feb;1(1):44-9.

O'Shanick GJ. Psychotropic management of behavioral disorders after head trauma. Psychiatr Med 1988;6(3):67-82.

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Pike BR, Hamm RJ. Activating the posttraumatic cholinergic system for the treatment of cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1997 Aug;57(4):785-91.

Pike BR, Hamm RJ. Post-injury administration of BIBN 99, a selective muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, improves cognitive performance following traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res 1995 Jul 17;686(1):37-43.

Pike BR, Hamm RJ, Temple MD, Buck DL, Lyeth BG. Effect of tetrahydroaminoacridine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on cognitive performance following experimental brain injury. J Neurotrauma 1997 Dec;14(12):897-905.

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Wroblewski BA, Glenn MB. Pharmacological treatment of arousal and cognitive deficits. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Sep;9(3):19-42 .

Wroblewski BA, Joseph AB. The use of intramuscular midazolam for acute seizure cessation or behavioral emergencies in patients with traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992 Feb;15(1):44-9.

Wroblewski BA, Joseph AB, Cornblatt RR. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy and the treatment of depression in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a controlled, prospective study. J Clin Psychiatry 1996 Dec;57(12):582-7.

Wroblewski BA, Joseph AB, Kupfer J, Kalliel K. Effectiveness of valproic acid on destructive and aggressive behaviours in patients with acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 Jan;11(1):37-47.

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Zafonte R, Muizelaar JP, Peterson PL. The pathophysiology of brain injury: understanding innovative drug therapies. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Feb;13(1):1-10.

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Zasler ND. Bromocriptine: neuropharmacology and clinical caveats. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Aug;10(4):101-4 .

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Psychotherapy and ArtsTherapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

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Barry P, O'Leary J. Roles of the psychologist on a traumatic brain injury rehabilitation team. Special Issue: Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol 1989 Summer;34(2):83-90.

Becker ME, Vakil E. Behavioural psychotherapy of the frontal-lobe-injured patient in an outpatient setting. Brain Inj 1993 Nov-Dec;7(6):515-23.

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Vocational Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Arokiasamy CV, Millington MJ. The many stakeholders in return to work. Neurorehabilitation 1994 Jan;4(1):45-52.

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Other Interventions and Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury

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FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTIVE OUTCOME OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

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Wong PP, Dornan J, Keating AM, Schentag CT, Ip RY. Re-examining the concept of severity in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1994 Aug-Sep;8(6):509-18.

Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Black KL, Millis SR. Relationship between Glasgow coma scale and functional outcome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Sep-Oct;75(5):364-9.

Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Peterson J. Predicting outcome in the slow to respond traumatically brain-injured patient: acute and subacute parameters. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Feb;6(1):19-32.

Zafonte RD, Mann NR, Millis SR, Wood DL, Lee CY, Black KL. Functional outcome after violence related traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 Jun;11(6):403-7.

Zasler ND. Mild traumatic brain injury: medical assessment and intervention. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Sep;8(3):13-29.

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MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND THEIR THERAPIES

General Medical Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

Alves W, Macciocchi SN, Barth JT. Postconcussive symptoms after uncomplicated mild head injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Sep;8(3):48-59 .

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Bloomfield EL. Extracerebral complications of head injury. Crit Care Clin 1989 Oct;5(4):881-92.

Bontke CF, Lehmkuhl LD, Englander J, Mann N, Ragnarsson KT, Zasler ND, Graves DE, Thoi LL, Jung C. Medical complications and associated injuries of persons treated in the traumatic brain injury model systems programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):34-46 .

Bryan VL. Management of residual physical deficits. In: Ashley MJ, Krych DK, eds. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1995. p. 319-66.

Cole TM. Prevention of secondary disabilities after brain injury and spinal cord injury: implications for future research. Prev Med 1994 Sep ;23(5):670-5.

Hammond FM, Black KL. Drugs for medical concerns in traumatic brain injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1997 Nov;8(4):667-93.

Hibbard MR, Uysal S, Sliwinski M, Gordon WA. Undiagnosed health issues in individuals with traumatic brain injury living in the community. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Aug;13(4):47-57.

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McLean DE, Kaitz ES, Keenan CJ, Dabney K, Cawley MF, Alexander MA. Medical and surgical complications of pediatric brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Oct;10(5):1-12 .

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Piek J. Medical complications in severe head injury. New Horiz 1995 Aug;3(3):534-8.

Piek J, Chesnut R M, Marshall L F, van Berkum-Clark M, Klauber M R, Blunt B A, Eisenberg H M, Jane J A, Marmarou A, Foulkes M A. Extracranial complications of severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1992 Dec;77(6):901-7.

Raghupathi R, McIntosh TK. Drugs in the management of acute traumatic brain injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1997 Nov;8(4):629-49.

Wrightson P, Gronwall D. Mild head injury in New Zealand: incidence of injury and persisting symptoms. N Z Med J 1998 Mar 27;111(1062):99-101.

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Cardiovascular Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Bashour TT, Morelli RL, Cunningham T, Budge WR. Acute coronary thrombosis following head trauma in a young man. Am Heart J 1990 Mar;119(3 Pt 1):676-7.

Beck ER, Bell KR. Deep venous thrombosis in the spastic upper limb. Brain Inj 1995 May-Jun;9(4):413-6.

Cifu DX, Kaelin DL, Wall BE. Deep venous thrombosis: incidence on admission to a brain injury rehabilitation program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Nov ;77(11):1182-5.

Cruickshank JM, Neil-Dwyer G, Hayes Y, Degaute JP, Kuurne T, Kytta J, Carruthers ME, Patel S. Stress/catecholamine-induced cardiac necrosis. Reduction by beta 1-selective blockade. Postgrad Med 1988 Feb 29;Spec No:140-7.

Geerts W H, Code K I, Jay R M, Chen E, Szalai J P. A prospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma. N Engl J Med 1994 Dec 15;331(24):1601-6. Comment in: ACP J Club 1995 May-Jun;122(3):78; N Engl J Med 1995 May 25;332(21):1448-9; discussion 1449-50; N Engl J Med 1995 May 25;332(21):1449; discussion 1449-50.

Goodwin J , Johnson MH. Carotid injury secondary to blunt head trauma: case report. J Trauma 1994 Jul;37(1):119-22.

Hammond FM, Meighen MJ. Venous thromboembolism in the patient with acute traumatic brain injury: screening, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment issues. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Feb;13(1):36-50.

Lai JM, Yablon SA, Ivanhoe CB. Incidence and sequelae of symptomatic venous thromboembolic disease among patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 May;11(5):331-4.

Pedoto M J, O'Dell M W, Thrun M, Hollifield D. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in traumatic brain injury: two cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995 Sep;76(9):871-5.

Peick AL, Nichols WK, Curtis JJ, Silver D. Aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery caused by trauma. J Vasc Surg 1988 Nov;8(5):606-10.

Philip PA. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction in brain-injured children. Brain Inj 1992 Jul-Aug;6(4):351-8.

Philip PA. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a child with brain injury. Case report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1991 Oct;70(5):280-2.

Rotem M, Constantini S, Shir Y, Cotev S. Life-threatening torsade de pointes arrhythmia associated with head injury. Neurosurgery 1988 Jul;23(1):89-92.

Simard JM, Bellefleur M. Systemic arterial hypertension in head trauma. Am J Cardiol 1989 Feb 2;63(6):32C-35C.

Stone LR, Keenan MA. Deep-venous thrombosis of the upper extremity after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992 May;73(5):486-9.

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Coma and Vegetative State in Traumatic Brain Injury

Bartkowski HM, Lovely MP. Prognosis in coma and the persistent vegetative state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):1-5 .

Berrol S. Evolution and the persistent vegetative state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):7-13.

Bontke CF, Dolan JM, Ivanhoe CB. Should we withhold food from patients in a persistent vegetative state? J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Dec;9(4):62-9 .

Braakman R, Jennett WB, Minderhoud JM. Prognosis of the posttraumatic vegetative state. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988;95(1-2):49-52.

Childs NL, Cranford RE. Termination of nutrition and hydration in the minimally conscious state: contrasting clinical views. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Aug;12(4):70-8.

Facco E, Giron GP. Multimodality evoked potentials in coma and brain death. Minerva Anestesiol 1994 Oct;60(10):593-9.

Farley JA. The comatose child: analysis of factors affecting intracranial pressure. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 1990 Jul-Aug;9(4):216-22.

Fields AI, Coble DH, Pollack MM, Cuerdon TT, Kaufman J. Outcomes of children in a persistent vegetative state. Crit Care Med 1993 Dec;21(12):1890-4.

Giacino JT, Kalmar K. The vegetative and minimally conscious states: a comparison of clinical features and functional outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Aug;12(4):36-51.

Giacino JT, Zasler ND. Outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: coma, the vegetative state, and the minimally responsive state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):40-56.

Gianutsos R, Perlin R, Mazerolle K , Trem N. Rehabilitative optometric services for persons emerging from coma. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Jun;4(2):17-25 .

Grossman P, Hagel K. Post-traumatic apallic syndrome following head injury. Part 1: clinical characteristics. Disabil Rehabil 1996 Jan;18(1):1-20.

Grossman P, Hagel K. Post-traumatic apallic syndrome following head injury. Part 2: Treatment. Disabil Rehabil 1996 Feb;18(2):57-68.

Haig AJ, Ruess JM. Recovery from vegetative state of six months' duration associated with Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa). Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990 Dec;71(13):1081-3.

Heindl UT, Laub MC. Outcome of persistent vegetative state following hypoxic or traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. Neuropediatrics 1996 Apr;27(2):94-100.

Helwick LD. Stimulation programs for coma patients. Crit Care Nurse 1994 Aug;14(4):47-52.

Jones R, Hux K, Morton-Anderson KA, Knepper L. Auditory stimulation effect on a comatose survivor of traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Feb;75(2):164-71.

Levin HS, Saydjari C, Eisenberg HM, Foulkes M, Marshall LF, Ruff RM, Jane JA, Marmarou A. Vegetative state after closed-head injury. A Traumatic Coma Data Bank Report. Arch Neurol 1991 Jun;48(6):580-5. Comment in: Arch Neurol 1992 Apr;49(4):349-50.

Lobato RD, Rivas JJ, Gomez PA, Castaneda M, Canizal JM, Sarabia R, Cabrera A, Munoz MJ. Head-injured patients who talk and deteriorate into coma. Analysis of 211 cases studied with computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1991 Aug;75(2):256-61. Comment in: J Neurosurg 1992 Jul;77(1):161-2.

Mitchell S, Bradley VA, Welch JL, Britton PG. Coma arousal procedure: a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of head injury. Brain Inj 1990 Jul-Sep;4(3):273-9.

Morel K. Assessing patients emerging from coma: Morel Auditory Comprehension Test. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 Nov-Dec;11(6):32-6 .

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Pierce JP, Lyle DM, Quine S, Evans NJ, Morris J, Fearnside MR. The effectiveness of coma arousal intervention. Brain Inj 1990 Apr-Jun;4(2):191-7. Comment in: Brain Inj 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):95-8; discussion 99-100.

Rappaport M. Brain evoked potentials in coma and the vegetative state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):15-29 .

Rappaport M, Dougherty AM, Kelting DL. Evaluation of coma and vegetative states. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992 Jul;73(7):628-34. Comment in: Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Mar;74(3):333.

Sandel ME. Medical management of the comatose, vegetative, or minimally responsivepatient. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Feb;6(1):9-17.

Sazbon L, Groswasser Z. Prolonged coma, vegetative state, post-comatose unawareness: semantics or better understanding? [editorial]. Brain Inj 1991 Jan-Mar;5(1):1-2. Comment in: Brain Inj 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):101-2; discussion 103.

Sazbon L, Zagreba F, Ronen J, Solzi P, Costeff H. Course and outcome of patients in vegetative state of nontraumatic aetiology. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993 Apr;56(4):407-9.

Shaw R. Persistent vegetative state: principles and techniques for seating and positioning. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):31-7 .

Shiel Agnes, Wilson Barbara, Horn Sandra, Watson Martin, et al. Can patients in coma following traumatic head injury learn simple tasks? Special Issue: Coma and the persistent vegetative state. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1993 Apr;3(2):161-75.

Van de Kelft E, Segnarbieux F, Candon E, Couchet P, Frerebeau P, Daures JP. Clinical recovery of consciousness after traumatic coma. Crit Care Med 1994 Jul;22(7):1108-13.

Whyte J, Glenn MB. The care and rehabilitation of the patient in a persistent vegetative state. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Mar;1(1):39-53 .

Wilson SL, Powell GE, Brock D, Thwaites H. Vegetative state and responses to sensory stimulation: an analysis of 24 cases. Brain Inj 1996 Nov;10(11):807-18.

Wilson SL, Powell GE, Elliott K, Thwaites H. Sensory stimulation in prolonged coma: four single case studies. Brain Inj 1991 Oct-Dec;5(4):393-400.

Wong M, Apodaca CC, Markenson MG, Yancey M. Nutrition management in a pregnant comatose patient. Nutr Clin Pract 1997 Apr;12(2):63-7.

Wood RL. Critical analysis of the concept of sensory stimulation for patients in vegetative states. Brain Inj 1991 Oct-Dec;5(4):401-9.

Zasler ND, Kreutzer JS, Taylor D. Coma stimulation and coma recovery. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Aug;1(3):33-40.

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Endocrine and Metabolic Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Anmuth CJ, Ross BW, Alexander MA, Reeves GD. Chronic syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in a pediatric patient after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Nov;74(11):1219-21.

Barzilay Z, Somekh E. Diabetes insipidus in severely brain damaged children. J Med 1988;19(1):47-64.

Benvenga S, Lo Giudice F, Campenni A, Longo M, Trimarchi F. Post-traumatic selective hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Endocrinol Invest 1997 Dec ;20(11):675-80.

Childers MK, Rupright J, Jones PS, Merveille O. Assessment of neuroendocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1998 Jun;12(6):517-23.

Chiolero R, Schutz Y, Lemarchand T, Felber JP, de Tribolet N, Freeman J, Jequier E. Hormonal and metabolic changes following severe head injury or noncranial injury. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1989 Jan-Feb;13(1):5-12.

Clark JD, Raggatt PR, Edwards OM. Abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis after head injury. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1992 May;36(5):481-5.

Clark JD, Raggatt PR, Edwards OM. Hypothalamic hypogonadism following major head injury. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1988 Aug;29(2):153-65.

Fleischer AS, Rudman DR, Payne NS, Tindall GT. Hypothalamic hypothyroidism and hypogonadism in prolonged traumatic coma. J Neurosurg 1978 Nov;49(5):650-7.

Goldman M, Shahar E, Sack J, Meyerovitch J. Assessment of endocrine functions in children following severe head trauma. Pediatr Neurol 1997 Nov;17(4):339-43.

Gowrishankar M, Sapir D, Pace K, Halperin M L. Profound natriuresis, extracellular fluid volume contraction, and hypernatremia with hypertonic losses following trauma. Geriatr Nephrol Urol 1997;7(2):95-100.

Grossman W F, Sanfield J A. Hypothalamic atrophy presenting as amenorrhea and sexual infantilism in a female adolescent. A case report. J Reprod Med 1994 Sep;39(9):738-40.

Gunn IR, Beastall GH, Matthews DM, Bath JC. Post-traumatic hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction presenting with biochemical features of primary hypothyroidism. Ann Clin Biochem 1991 Jul;28 ( Pt 4):327-30.

Hackl JM, Gottardis M, Wieser C, Rumpl E, Stadler C, Schwarz S, Monkayo R. Endocrine abnormalities in severe traumatic brain injury--a cue to prognosis in severe craniocerebral trauma? Intensive Care Med 1991;17(1):25-9.

Hadley MN. Hypermetabolism after CNS trauma: arresting the injury cascade [editorial]. Nutrition 1989 Mar-Apr;5(2):143.

Hovda DA, Becker DP, Katayama Y. Secondary injury and acidosis. J Neurotrauma 1992 Mar;9 Suppl 1:S47-60.

Ishibashi A, Yokokura Y, Miyagi J. Clinical analysis of nineteen patients with traumatic subdural hygromas. Kurume Med J 1994;41(2):81-5.

Kappy MS, Ganong CA. Cerebral salt wasting in children: the role of atrial natriuretic hormone. Adv Pediatr 1996;43:271-308.

Labi ML. Neuroendocrine disorders after traumatic brain injury. In: Horn LJ, Zasler ND, eds. Medical rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. p. 539-55.

Lam AM, Winn HR, Cullen BF, Sundling N. Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injury. J Neurosurg 1991 Oct;75(4):545-51.

Lazar L, Erez I, Gutermacher M, Katz S. Brain concussion produces transient hypokalemia in children. J Pediatr Surg 1997 Jan;32(1):88-90.

Lin CN, Howng SL, Hu SH, Huang TJ. Assessments of nutritional status and immunological responses in head trauma: alterations in zinc and C-reactive protein. Kao Hsiung I Hsueh Ko Hsueh Tsa Chih 1992 Apr;8(4):195-201.

Majhi D, Maity B, Chakraborty I, Roy I. Post-traumatic hypopituitarism. J Indian Med Assoc 1993 Oct;91(10):261-2.

Mitchell A, Steffenson N, Davenport K. Hypopituitarism due to traumatic brain injury: a case study. Crit Care Nurse 1997 Aug;17(4):34-7, 40-2, 46-51; quiz 53-4.

Parish RA, Webb KS. Hyperglycemia is not a poor prognostic sign in head-injured children. J Trauma 1988 Apr;28(4):517-9.

Pomeranz S, Constantini S, Rappaport ZH. Hypokalaemia in severe head trauma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989;97(1-2):62-6.

Pranzatelli MR, Pavlakis SG, Gould RJ, De Vivo DC. Hypothalamic-midbrain dysregulation syndrome: hypertension, hyperthermia, hyperventilation, and decerebration. J Child Neurol 1991 Apr;6(2):115-22. Comment in: J Child Neurol 1992 Jan;7(1):116-7.

Stewart DG, Cifu DX. Management of neuroendocrine disorders after brain injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1997 Nov;8(4):827-42.

Webster J B, Bell K R. Primary adrenal insufficiency following traumatic brain injury: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Mar;78(3):314-8.

Wilson RF, Tyburski JG. Metabolic responses and nutritional therapy in patients with severe head injuries. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Feb;13(1):11-27.

Yoshida D. Thyroid storm precipitated by trauma. J Emerg Med 1996 Nov-Dec;14(6):697-701.

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Fever in Traumatic Brain Injury

Childers MK, Rupright J, Smith DW. Post-traumatic hyperthermia in acute brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1994 May-Jun;8(4):335-43.

Clinchot DM, Otis S, Colachis SC 3rd. Incidence of fever in the rehabilitation phase following brain injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Jul-Aug ;76(4):323-7.

Jackson RD, Mysiw WJ. Fever of unknown origin following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1991 Jan-Mar;5(1):93-100.

Meythaler J M, Stinson A M = 3rd. Fever of central origin in traumatic brain injury controlled with propranolol. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Ju;75(7):816-8.

Segatore M. Fever after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Nurs 1992 Apr;24(2):104-9.

van Hilten JJ, Roos RA. Posttraumatic hyperthermia: a possible result of fronto-diencephalic dysfunction. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1991;93(3):223-5.

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Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Altmayer T, O'Dell MW, Jones M, Martin V, Hawkins HH. Cisapride as a treatment for gastroparesis in traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Oct;77(10):1093-4.

Ando S, Otani M, Moritake K. Clinical analysis of post-traumatic vomiting. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1992;119(1-4):97-100.

Arseni C, Oprescu. Digestive haemorrhages induced by traumatic cerebral lesions. Appl Neurophysiol 1975;38(3):206-15.

Brown TH, Davidson PF, Larson GM. Acute gastritis occurring within 24 hours of severe head injury. Gastrointest Endosc 1989 Jan-Feb;35(1):37-40.

Burgess P, Larson G M, Davidson P, Brown J, Metz C A. Effect of ranitidine on intragastric pH and stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with severe head injury. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Mar;40(3):645-50.

Cherney LR, Halper AS. Swallowing problems in adults with traumatic brain injury. Semin Neurol 1996 Dec;16(4):349-53.

Frick TW, Kach K, Sulser H, Hailemariam S, Largiader F, Glinz W. Intestinal infarction after nonabdominal trauma; association with cerebral trauma. J Trauma 1992 Dec;33(6):870-5.

Halloran LG, Zfass AM, Gayle WE, Wheeler CB, Miller JD. Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: a controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis. Am J Surg 1980 Jan;139(1):44-8.

Hutchins BF. Establishing a dysphagia family intervention program for head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):64-72 .

Irwin LR. Can we really prevent gastrointestinal bleeding after head injury? Results of a recent audit. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1994 Oct;39(5):292-4.

Jackson MD, Davidoff G. Gastroparesis following traumatic brain injury and response to metoclopramide therapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989 Jul;70(7):553-5.

Jan MM, Camfield PR, Gordon K, Camfield CS. Vomiting after mild head injury is related to migraine. J Pediatr 1997 Jan;130(1):134-7.

Lazarus CL. Swallowing disorders after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):34-41.

Logeman JA, Pepe J, Mackay LE. Disorders of nutrition and swallowing: intervention strategies in the trauma center. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Mar ;9(1):43-56 .

Lu W Y, Rhoney D H, Boling W B, Johnson J D, Smith T C. A review of stress ulcer prophylaxis in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Neurosurgery 1997 Aug;41(2):416-25; discussion 425-6.

Myers MA. Gastrointestinal complications of traumatic brain injury. In: Horn LJ, Zasler ND, eds. Medical rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. p. 515-38.

Philip PA. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: an unusual cause of intestinal obstruction in brain-injured children. Brain Inj 1992 Jul-Aug;6(4):351-8.

Prahlow JA, Barnard JJ. Jejunostomy tube failure: malnutrition caused by intraluminal antegrade jejunostomy tube migration. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998 Apr;79(4):453-5.

Saxe J M, Ledgerwood A M, Lucas C E, Lucas W F. Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction precludes safe gastric feeding after head injury. J Trauma 1994 Oct;37(4):581-4; discussion 584-6.

Whitlock JA Jr. Pharmacologic management of upper gastrointestinal tract disorders. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Jun;9(2):115-8 .

Yorkston KM, Honsinger MJ, Mitsuda PM, Hammen V. The relationship between speech and swallowing disorders in head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):1-16 .

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Immune Functions and Infectious Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

Aarabi B, Taghipour M, Alibaii E, Kamgarpour A. Central nervous system infections after military missile head wounds. Neurosurgery 1998 Mar;42(3):500-7; discussion 507-9.

Auerbach V, Jann B. Neurorehabilitation and HIV infection: clinical and ethical dilemmas. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar 1989;4(1):23-31 (23 ref).

Cazzadori A, Di Perri G, Vento S, Bonora S, Fendt D, Rossi M, Lanzafame M, Mirandola F, Concia E. Aetiology of pneumonia following isolated closed head injury. Respir Med 1997 Apr;91(4):193-9.

Christensen L, Schaffer S, Ross SE. Otitis media in adult trauma patients: incidence and clinical significance. J Trauma 1991 Nov;31(11):1543-5.

de Felippe Junior J, da Rocha e Silva Junior M, Maciel F M, Soares A de M, Mendes NF. Infection prevention in patients with severe multiple trauma with the immunomodulator beta 1-3 polyglucose (glucan). Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993 Oct ;177(4):383-8.

Gonul E, Baysefer A, Kahraman S, Ciklatekerlioglu O, Gezen F, Yayla O, Seber N. Causes of infections and management results in penetrating craniocerebral injuries. Neurosurg Rev 1997;20(3):177-81.

Helling TS, Evans LL, Fowler DL, Hays LV, Kennedy FR. Infectious complications in patients with severe head injury. J Trauma 1988 Nov;28(11):1575-7.

Hsieh AH, Bishop MJ, Kubilis PS, Newell DW, Pierson DJ. Pneumonia following closed head injury. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 Aug;146(2):290-4.

Massei R, Baratta P, Mulazzi D, Tagliabue M, Sommi F, Ferrero AE, Calappi E, Motti ED, Trazzi R. Impairment of cell-mediated immunity in severe head injury. Agressologie 1988 May;29(6):423-6.

Melossi L, Lamberti GF, Beatrici M, Poccardi G. Alterations in immune competence in outcome of coma following severe head trauma. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1991 Aug;13(4):386-90.

Nadal P, Nicolas J M, Font C, Vilella A, Nogue S. Pneumonia in ventilated head trauma patients: the role of thiopental therapy. Eur J Emerg Med 1995 Mar;2(1):14-6.

Patir R, Sood S, Bhatia R. Post-traumatic brain abscess: experience of 36 patients. Br J Neurosurg 1995;9(1):29-35.

Plata-Salaman CR. Brain injury and immunosuppression [news]. Nat Med 1998 Jul;4(7):768-9.

Quattrocchi KB, Frank EH, Miller CH, Dull ST, Howard RR, Wagner FC Jr. Severe head injury: effect upon cellular immune function. Neurol Res 1991 Mar;13(1):13-20.

Quattrocchi KB, Issel BW, Miller CH, Frank EH, Wagner FC Jr. Impairment of helper T-cell function following severe head injury. J Neurotrauma 1992 Spring;9(1):1-9.

Rath SA, Knoringer P. Late brain abscess years after severe cerebrocranial trauma with fronto-orbitobasal fracture. Childs Nerv Syst 1989 Apr;5(2):121-3.

Tekkok IH, Higgins MJ, Ventureyra EC. Posttraumatic gas-containing brain abscess caused by Clostridium perfringens with unique simultaneous fungal suppuration by Myceliophthora thermophila: case report. Neurosurgery 1996 Dec;39(6):1247-51.

Woratyla S P, Morgan A S, Mackay L, Bernstein B, Barba C. Factors associated with early onset pneumonia in the severely brain-injured patient. Conn Med 1995 Nov;59(11):643-7.

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Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Becker R, Alberti O, Bauer BL. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in severe spasticity after traumatic or hypoxic brain injury. J Neurol 1997 Mar;244(3):160-6.

Bidner SM, Rubins IM, Desjardins JV, Zukor DJ, Goltzman D. Evidence for a humoral mechanism for enhanced osteogenesis after head injury. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990 Sep;72(8):1144-9. Comment in: J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1992 Jan;74(1):152-3.

Blasier D, Letts RM. Pediatric update7. The orthopaedic manifestations of head injury in children. Orthop Rev 1989 Mar;18(3):350-8.

Borg Stein J, Stein J. Pharmacology of botulinum toxin and implications for use in disorders of muscle tone. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Sep;8(3):103-6 .

Botte MJ, Keenan MA, Gellman H, Garland DE, Waters RL. Surgical management of spastic thumb-in-palm deformity in adults with brain injury. J Hand Surg [Am] 1989 Mar;14(2 Pt 1):174-82.

Brandt KE, Burruss GL, Hickerson WL, White CE, DeLozier JB 3d. The management of mid-face fractures with intracranial injury. J Trauma 1991 Jan;31(1):15-9.

Brumback RJ, Wells JD, Lakatos R, Poka A, Bathon GH, Burgess AR. Heterotopic ossification about the hip after intramedullary nailing for fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1990 Aug;72(7):1067-73. Comment in: J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1991 Jul;73(6):951.

Citta-Pietrolungo TJ, Alexander MA, Steg NL. Early detection of heterotopic ossification in young patients with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992 Mar;73(3):258-62.

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Neurological and Motor Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Nutritional Manifestations and Therapies of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Kolakowsky SA, Parente R. Nootropics, nutrients, and other cognitive enhancing substances for use in cognitive rehabilitation: a review and bibliography. J Cognit Rehabil 1997 Mar-Apr;15(2):12-24 .

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Stechmiller J, Treloar DM, Derrico D, Yarandi H, Guin P. Interruption of enteral feedings in head injured patients. J Neurosci Nurs 1994 Aug;26(4):224-9.

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Twyman DL, Bivins BA. Nutritional support of the brain injured patient: five years of clinical study in perspective. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 1986;34(1):41-7.

Wilson RF, Tyburski JG. Metabolic responses and nutritional therapy in patients with severe head injuries. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Feb;13(1):11-27.

Wong M, Apodaca CC, Markenson MG, Yancey M. Nutrition management in a pregnant comatose patient. Nutr Clin Pract 1997 Apr;12(2):63-7.

Woodward S. Nutritional support for head-injured patients. Prof Nurse 1996 Feb;11(5):290, 292.

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Yorkston KM, Honsinger MJ, Mitsuda PM, Hammen V. The relationship between speech and swallowing disorders in head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):1-16 .

Young B, Ott L, Yingling B, McClain C. Nutrition and brain injury. J Neurotrauma 1992 Mar;9 Suppl 1:S375-83.

Yuen HK. Self-feeding system for an adult with head injury and severe ataxia. Am J Occup Ther 1993 May;47(5):444-51. Comment in: Am J Occup Ther 1993 Sep;47(9):851.

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Ophthalmological and Vision Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Bergego C, Deloche G, Pradat-Diehl P, Robineau F, Lauriot-Prevost MC. Visual recognition in right brain-damaged patients: evidence from a tachistoscopic confrontation naming task. Brain Lang 1993 Feb;44(2):181-90.

Bohnen N, Twijnstra A, Kroeze J, Jolles J. A psychophysical method for assessing visual and acoustic hyperaesthesia in patients with mild head injury. Br J Psychiatry 1991 Dec;159:860-3. Comment in: Br J Psychiatry 1992 May;160:720-1.

Bohnen N, Twijnstra A, Wijnen G, Jolles J. Recovery from visual and acoustic hyperaesthesia after mild head injury in relation to patterns of behavioural dysfunction. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992 Mar;55(3):222-4.

Bohnen N, Twijnstra A, Wijnen G, Jolles J. Tolerance for light and sound of patients with persistent post-concussional symptoms 6 months after mild head injury. J Neurol 1991 Dec;238(8):443-6.

Budenz DL, Farber MG, Mirchandani HG, Park H, Rorke LB. Ocular and optic nerve hemorrhages in abused infants with intracranial injuries. Ophthalmology 1994 Mar;101(3):559-65.

Buys YM, Levin AV, Enzenauer RW, Elder JE, Letourneau MA, Humphreys RP, Mian M, Morin JD. Retinal findings after head trauma in infants and young children. Ophthalmology 1992 Nov;99(11):1718-23.

Cantani A, Bamonte G. Epidemiology of ocular complications of childhood head trauma. Pediatr Emerg Care 1990 Dec;6(4):271-4. Comment in: Pediatr Emerg Care 1991 Apr;7(2):129-30.

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Cohen AH. Optometric management of binocular dysfunctions secondary to head trauma: case reports. J Am Optom Assoc 1992 Aug;63(8):569-75.

Cohen AH, Rein LD. The effect of head trauma on the visual system: the doctor of optometry as a member of the rehabilitation team. J Am Optom Assoc 1992 Aug;63(8):530-6.

Elder JE, Taylor RG, Klug GL. Retinal haemorrhage in accidental head trauma in childhood. J Paediatr Child Health 1991 Oct;27(5):286-9.

Falk NS, Aksionoff EB. The primary care optometric evaluation of the traumatic brain injury patient. J Am Optom Assoc 1992 Aug;63(8):547-53.

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Freeman PB, Jose RT. Enhancing decreased sight of patients with traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Jun;6(3):203-12.

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Harrison DW, Walls RM. Blindness following minor head trauma in children: a report of two cases with a review of the literature. J Emerg Med 1990 Jan-Feb;8(1):21-4.

Haskes LP, Oshinskie LJ. Transient acquired ptosis [published erratum appears in J Am Optom Assoc 1990 Jan;61(1):22]. J Am Optom Assoc 1989 Sep;60(9):668-75.

Hellerstein LF, Freed S, Maples WC. Vision profile of patients with mild brain injury. J Am Optom Assoc 1995 Oct;66(10):634-9.

Hourihan MD. Head injury, otoneuroradiology and neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 1990 Dec;3(6):872-80.

Jackowski MM, Sturr JF, Taub HA, Turk MA. Photophobia in patients with traumatic brain injury: uses of flight-filtering lenses to enhance contrast sensitivity and reading rate. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Jun;6(3):193-201.

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Jones WL. Traumatic injury to the lens. Optom Clin 1991;1(2):125-42.

Jordan DR, Miller DG, Anderson RL. Acquired oculomotor-abducens synkinesis. Can J Ophthalmol 1990 Apr;25(3):148-51.

Kerkohoff G, Munssinger U, Eberle Strauss G, Stogerer E. Rehabilitation of hemianopic alexia in patients with postgeniculate visual field disorders. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1992;2(1):21-42.

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Ray JS, Neger RE. Questions and answers... vision therapy useful in patients with visual problems secondary to traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Dec;10(6):80-4.

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Schenk T, Zihl J. Visual motion perception after brain damage: I. Deficits in global motion perception. Neuropsychologia 1997 Sep;35(9):1289-97.

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Oral and Dental Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Barlow SM, Burton MK. Ramp-and-hold force control in the upper and lower lips: developing new neuromotor assessment applications in traumatically brain injured adults. J Speech Hear Res 1990 Dec;33(4):660-75.

Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Reed D, Williams A. Supertasting, earaches and head injury: genetics and pathology alter our taste worlds. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1996;20(1):79-87.

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Brown GE, Nordloh S, Donowitz AJ. Systematic desensitization of oral hypersensitivity in a patient with a closed head injury. Dysphagia 1992;7(3):138-41.

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Dworkin JP, Nadal JC. Nonsurgical treatment of drooling in a patient with closed head injury and severe dysarthria. Dysphagia 1991;6(1):40-9.

Haug RH, Savage JD, Likavec MJ, Conforti PJ. A review of 100 closed head injuries associated with facial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992 Mar;50(3):218-22.

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Pain in Traumatic Brain Injury

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Lahz S, Bryant RA. Pain coping strategies following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Jun;12(3):85-90.

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Packard RC. Posttraumatic headache. Semin Neurol 1994 Mar;14(1):40-5.

Packard RC, Ham LP. Posttraumatic headache. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994 Summer;6(3):229-36.

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Yamaguchi M. Incidence of headache and severity of head injury. Headache 1992 Oct;32(9):427-31.

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Psychiatric Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Baker-Price LA, Persinger MA. Weak, but complex pulsed magnetic fields may reduce depression following traumatic brain injury. Percept Mot Skills 1996 Oct;83(2):491-8.

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Pulmonary Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Sensory, Perceptual, and Spatial Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Zasler ND, McNeny R, Heywood PG. Rehabilitative management of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction following brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Mar;7(1):66-75.

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Sexuality Issues and Sexual Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

Benvenga S, Lo Giudice F, Campenni A, Longo M, Trimarchi F. Post-traumatic selective hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Endocrinol Invest 1997 Dec ;20(11):675-80.

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Kreutzer JS, Zasler ND. Psychosexual consequences of traumatic brain injury: methodology and preliminary findings. Brain Inj 1989 Apr-Jun;3(2):177-86.

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Mapou RL. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation with gay and lesbian individuals. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Jun;5(2):67-72 .

Maxwell M, Karacostas D, Ellenbogen RG, Brzezinski A, Zervas NT, Black PM. Precocious puberty following head injury. Case report. J Neurosurg 1990 Jul;73(1):123-9.

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Miller L. Sex and the brain-injured patient: regaining love, pleasure, and intimacy. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 May-Jun;12(3):12-20 .

O'Carroll RE, Woodrow J, Maroun F. Psychosexual and psychosocial sequelae of closed head injury. Brain Inj 1991 Jul-Sep;5(3):303-13.

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Strauss D, Finegan J. Community support systems as they relate to sexuality for the head injury survivor. Cognit Rehabil 1990 Nov-Dec ;8(6):8-11.

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Zencius A, Wesolowski MD, Burke WH, Hough S. Managing hypersexual disorders in brain-injured clients. Brain Inj 1990 Apr-Jun;4(2):175-81.

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Speech, Hearing, and Language Manifestations of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abd al-Hady MR, Shehata O, el-Mously M, Sallam FS. Audiological findings following head trauma. J Laryngol Otol 1990 Dec;104(12):927-36.

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Basso A, Scarpa MT. Traumatic aphasia in children and adults: a comparison of clinical features and evolution. Cortex 1990 Dec;26(4):501-14.

Bell WL, Davis DL, Morgan-Fisher A, Ross ED. Acquired aprosodia in children. J Child Neurol 1990 Jan;5(1):19-26.

Bohnen N, Twijnstra A, Wijnen G, Jolles J. Tolerance for light and sound of patients with persistent post-concussional symptoms 6 months after mild head injury. J Neurol 1991 Dec;238(8):443-6.

Bramanti P, Sessa E, Saltuari L. Post-traumatic mutism. J Neurosurg Sci 1994 Jun;38(2):117-22.

Bryan KL. Assessment of language disorders after right hemisphere damage. Br J Disord Commun 1988 Aug;23(2):111-25.

Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA. Expressive language recovery in severely brain-injured children and adolescents. J Speech Hear Disord 1990 Aug;55(3):567-81.

Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA. Speaking rate, articulatory speed, and linguistic processing in children and adolescents with severe traumatic brain injury. J Speech Hear Res 1995 Aug;38(4):864-75.

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Cockrell JL, Gregory SA. Audiological deficits in brain-injured children and adolescents. Brain Inj 1992 May-Jun;6(3):261-6.

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Cubelli R, Nichelli P. Inner speech in anarthria: neuropsychological evidence of differential effects of cerebral lesions on subvocal articulation. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992 Jul;14(4):499-517.

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Dongilli PA Jr, Hakel ME, Beukelman DR. Recovery of functional speech following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Jun;7(2):91-101 .

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Feldman HM, Holland AL, Brown RE. A fluent language disorder following antepartum left-hemisphere brain injury. J Commun Disord 1992 Apr-Jun;25(2-3):125-42.

Feldman HM, Janosky JE, Scher MS, Wareham NL. Language abilities following prematurity, periventricular brain injury, and cerebral palsy. J Commun Disord 1994 Jun;27(2):71-90.

Fried Oken M, Doyle M. Language representation for the augmentative and alternative communication of adults with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Sep;7(3):59-69 .

Gouvier WD, Coon RC, Fuller KH, Arnoldi KR. Evaluation of linguistic variations by college students with and without head injuries. Rehabil Psychol 1992 Fall;37(3):167-74.

Hall JW 3d, Bratt GW, Schwaber MK, Baer JE. Dynamic sensorineural hearing loss: implications for audiologists: case reports. J Am Acad Audiol 1993 Nov;4(6):399-411.

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Iacarino J. The speech-language pathologist on the cognitive rehabilitation team:current training and practice issues. Neurorehabilitation 1997 Jan;8(1):43-8.

Jordan FM, Ashton R. Language performance of severely closed head injured children. Brain Inj 1996 Feb;10(2):91-7.

Jordan FM, Cannon A, Murdoch BE. Language abilities of mildly closed head injured (CHI) children 10 years post-injury. Brain Inj 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):39-44.

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Jordan FM, Murdoch BE. Severe closed-head injury in childhood: linguistic outcomes into adulthood. Brain Inj 1994 Aug-Sep;8(6):501-8.

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McHenry MA, Minton JT, Wilson RL, Post YV. Intelligibility and nonspeech orofacial strength and force control following traumatic brain injury. J Speech Hear Res 1994 Dec;37(6):1271-83.

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Wenzinger KS, Nemec SA, DePompei R, Flexer C. The Audiologist: an essential member of the rehabilitation team for traumatic brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1991 Aug;1(3):41-51.

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Ylvisaker M. Language and communication disorders following pediatric head injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1986 Dec;1(4):48-56 (30 ref).

Yorkston KM, Honsinger MJ, Mitsuda PM, Hammen V. The relationship between speech and swallowing disorders in head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):1-16 .

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Zimmerman WD, Ganzel TM, Windmill IM, Nazar GB, Phillips M. Peripheral hearing loss following head trauma in children. Laryngoscope 1993 Jan;103(1 Pt 1):87-91.

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Substance Abuse in Traumatic Brain Injury

Baguley IJ, Felmingham KL, Lahz S, Gordan E, Lazzaro I, Schotte DE. Alcohol abuse and traumatic brain injury: effect on event-related potentials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1248-53.

Blackerby WF, Baumgarten A. A model treatment program for the head-injured substance abuser: preliminary findings. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Sep;5(3):47-59 .

Bogner JA, Corrigan JD, Spafford DE, Lamb-Hart GL. Integrating substance abuse treatment and vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Oct;12(5):57-71.

Boyle MJ, Vella L, Moloney E. Role of drugs and alcohol in patients with head injury. J R Soc Med 1991 Oct;84(10):608-10.

Corrigan JD. Substance abuse as a mediating factor in outcome from traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995 Apr;76(4):302-9.

Fuller MG, Fishman E, Taylor CA, Wood RB. Screening patients with traumatic brain injuries for substance abuse. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994 Spring;6(2):143-6.

Groah C, Goodall P, Kreutzer JS, Sherron P, Wehman PH. Addressing substance abuse issues in the context of a supported employment program. Cognit Rehabil 1990 Jul-Aug;8(4):8-12 .

Kreutzer JS, Marwitz JH, Wehman PH. Substance abuse assessment and treatment in vocational rehabilitation for persons with brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1991 Sep;6(3):12-23 .

Kreutzer JS, Witol AD, Sander AM, Cifu DX, Marwitz JH, Delmonico R. A prospective longitudinal multicenter analysis of alcohol use patterns among persons with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Oct;11(5):58-69 .

Seaton JD, David CO. Family role in substance abuse and traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Sep;5(3):41-6 .

Sparadeo FR, Gill D. Effects of prior alcohol use on head injury recovery. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Mar;4(1):75-81 .

Sparadeo FR, Strauss D, Barth JT. The incidence, impact, and treatment of substance abuse in head trauma rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Sep;5(3):1-8 .

Twerski AJ. Substance abuse in head injury rehabilitation. Leg Med 1992;93-108.

Zasler ND. Neuromedical aspects of alcohol use following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1991 Dec;6(4):78-80.

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Vestibular and Balance Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury

Davies RA, Luxon LM. Dizziness following head injury: a neuro-otological study. J Neurol 1995 Mar;242(4):222-30.

Farbe SD, Zoltan B. Visual-vestibular systems interaction: therapeutic implications. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Jun ;4(2):9-16.

Mann NR, Black KL. Balance and vestibular dysfunction. In: Horn LJ, Zasler ND, eds. Medical rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1996. p. 479-98.

Roland PS, Otto E. Vestibular dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. In: Ashley MJ, Krych DK, eds. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1995. p. 131-69.

Shumway Cook A, Olmscheid R. A systems analysis of postural dyscontrol in traumatically brain-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Dec;5(4):51-62 .

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Other Medical Complications of Traumatic Brain Injury

Better OS. Post-traumatic acute renal failure: pathogenesis and prophylaxis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992;7(3):260-4.

Campagnolo DI, Linsenmeyer TA, Jacalan CL, Pak NA, Averill AM. Prevalence of urinary incontinence after brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1994 Oct;4(4):255-8.

Cantu RC. Second-impact syndrome. Clin Sports Med 1998 Jan;17(1):37-44.

Christensen L, Schaffer S, Ross SE. Otitis media in adult trauma patients: incidence and clinical significance. J Trauma 1991 Nov;31(11):1543-5.

Cicerone KD, Kalmar K. Persistent postconcussion syndrome: the structure of subjective complaints after mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Jun;10(3):1-17.

Daniello N J, Goldstein S I. Retropharyngeal hematoma secondary to minor blunt head and neck trauma. Ear Nose Throat J 1994 Jan 1994 Jan;73. 73(1. 1):41-3. 41-3.

Davies KG, Jamjoom AB, Burgess NA. Childhood extradural haematomas, not always obvious. Br J Clin Pract 1990 Oct;44(10):420-1.

Grimm RJ, Hemenway WG, Lebray PR, Black FO. The perilymph fistula syndrome defined in mild head trauma. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1989;464:1-40.

Grinspun D. Bladder management for adults following head injury. Rehabil Nurs 1993 Sep-Oct;18(5):300-5.

Hourihan MD. Head injury, otoneuroradiology and neuro-ophthalmology. Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg 1990 Dec;3(6):872-80.

May AK, Young JS, Butler K, Bassam D, Brady W. Coagulopathy in severe closed head injury: is empiric therapy warranted? Am Surg 1997 Mar;63(3):233-6; discussion 236-7.

Reid D, Ngo H H, Lamarche J B. Primary post-traumatic intraorbital meningioma. J Otolaryngol 1994 Aug ;23(4):298-301.

Silver BV, Yablon SA. Akathisia resulting from traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1996 Aug;10(8):609-14.

Tries J. The use of biofeedback in the treatment of incontinence due to head injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Dec;5(4):91-100 .

Williams R. Promoting continence following head injury. Br J Nurs 1992 Jun 25-Jul 8;1(5):236-7, 239-40.

Zafonte R, Black K, Mann N, Nepa S, Watanabe T. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a complication of gunshot woundinjuries to the brain. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):61-6.

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MODELS FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY REHABILITATION

Overview of Interdisciplinary Treatment Models for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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Barry P, O'Leary J. Roles of the psychologist on a traumatic brain injury rehabilitation team. Special Issue: Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol 1989 Sum Vol 34(2) 83-90 1989 Summer;34(2):83-90.

Blomberg LH, Buren A. A study of acute head injuries treated with non-gap-rehabilitation. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1972;51:419-20.

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Burke DC. Planning a system of care for head injuries. Brain Inj 1987 Oct-Dec;1(2):189-98.

Buyer DM, Savage RC. Designing and implementing clinical pathways for children withtraumatic brain injuries. Neurorehabilitation 1997 Apr;9(2):123-31.

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Dahmer ER, Shilling MA, Hamilton BB, Bontke CF, Englander J, Kreutzer JS, Ragnarsson KT, Rosenthal M. A model systems database for traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):12-25.

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Dijkers M. Measuring the long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a review ofthe community integration questionnaire. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Dec;12(6):74-91.

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GordonWA , Mann N , Willer B. Demographic and social characteristics of the traumatic brain injury model system database. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):26-33.

Greenwood, R. J., McMillan, T. M. Models of rehabilitation programmes for the brain-injured adult: current provision, efficacy and good practice... part 1. Clin Rehabil 1993;7(3):248-55.

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Hall KM, Johnston MV. Outcomes evaluation in TBI Rehabilitation. Part II: measurement tools for a nationwide data system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Dec;75(12 Spec No):SC10-8; discussion SC 27-8.

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Horn LJ. Systems of care for the person with traumatic brain injury. Phys Medicine Rehabil Clin North Am 1992 May;3(2):475-92.

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Johnston M V , Wilkerson D L. Program evaluation and quality improvement systems in brain injury rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1992 Dec;7(4):68-82.

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Kraft JF, Schwab KA, Salazar AM, Brown HR. Occupational and educational achievements of head injured Vietnam veterans at 15-year follow-up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Jun;74(6):596-601.

Letts L, Dunal L. Tackling evaluation: applying a programme logic model to community rehabilitation for adults with brain injury. Can J Occup Ther 1995 Dec;62(5):268-77.

Levin HS, Mendelsohn D, Lilly MA, Yeakley J, Song J, Scheibel RS, Harward H, Fletcher JM, Kufera JA, Davidson KC, Bruce D. Magnetic resonance imaging in relation to functional outcome of pediatric closed head injury: a test of the Ommaya-Gennarelli model. Neurosurgery 1997 Mar;40(3):432-40; discussion 440-1.

Levine SP, Kirsch NL, Perlman OZ, Cole TM. Engineering therapy: an approach to treatment of a patient with severe cognitive and physical handicaps. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1984 Nov;65(11):737-9.

Lindstrom S. Ahead of the game... Kessler Institute of Rehabilitation focuses on equipping brain-injured patients for a successful return to real-world settings. Rehab Manage 1994 Apr-May;7(3):83-5.

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Malec JF, Basford JS. Postacute brain injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Feb;77(2):198-207.

Malec JF, Buffington AL, Moessner AM , Thompson JM. Maximizing vocational outcome after brain injury: integration of medical and vocational hospital-based services. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 Dec;70(12):1165-71.

McLaughlin AM, Carey JL. The adversarial alliance: developing therapeutic relationships between families and the team in brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1993 Jan-Feb;7(1):45-51.

McMillan TM, Greenwood RJ. Models of rehabilitation programmes for the brain-injured adult. Model services and suggestions for change in the UK. Clin Rehabil 1993;7(4):346-55.

Melia RP. Research, consumer involvement, and models of care. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Nov;7(3):203-9.

Milliren JW, Gordon WA. The development of an integrated rehabilitation system for persons with traumatic brain injury: the evolution of public policy in New York. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Jun;9(2):27-34.

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Morgan AS. Traumatic brain injury: improving functional recovery. J Natl Med Assoc 1989 Nov;81(11):1133-7.

Morris DM. Aquatic neurorehabilitation. Neurol Rep 1995 Sep;19(3):22-8.

Moseley A, Rotem W. Establishing standards for the provision of brain injury services. Brain Inj 1995 May-Jun;9(4):355-64.

Najenson T, Mendelson L, Schechter I, David C, Mintz N, Groswasser Z. Rehabilitation after severe head injury. Scand J Rehabil Med 1974;6(1):5-14.

O'Hara CC, Harrell M. The Empowerment Rehabilitation Model: meeting the unmet needs of survivors, families, and treatment providers. Cognit Rehabil 1991 Jan-Feb;9(1):14-21.

Oddy M, Bonham E, McMillan TM, Stroud A, et al. A comprehensive service for the rehabilitation and long-term care of head injury survivors. Clin Rehabil 1989;3(3):253-9.

Palmer CD. The brain trauma rehabilitation program Southfield Rehabilitation Center. Cognit Rehabil 1985 Jan-Feb;3(1):4-9.

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Ragnarsson KT, Thomas JP, Zasler ND. Model systems of care for individuals with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):1-11.

Rosenthal M. The Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems of Care. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):vi-113.

Rosenthal M, Dijkers M, Harrison Felix C, Nabors N, Witol AD, Young ME, Englander JS. Impact of minority status on functional outcome and community integration following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Oct;11(5):40-57.

Sander AM, High WM Jr, Hannay HJ, Sherer M. Predictors of psychological health in caregivers of patients with closed head injury. Brain Inj 1997 Apr;11(4):235-49.

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Schnell RD. An innovative connection between rehabilitation optometry and occupational therapy: solving visual problems associated with brain injury. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Jul-Aug;10(4):34-6.

Serio CD, Kreutzer JS, Gervasio AH. Predicting family needs after brain injury: implications for intervention. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Apr;10(2):32-45.

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Soderstrom S, Fogelsjoo A, Fugl-Meyer KS, Stensson S. A program for crisis-intervention after traumatic brain injury. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1988;17:47-9.

Solomon CR, Scherzer BP. Some guidelines for family therapists working with the traumatically brain injured and their families. Brain Inj 1991 Jul-Sep;5(3):253-66.

Stambrook M, Moore AD, Peters LC, Deviaene C, Hawryluk GA. Effects of mild, moderate and severe closed head injury on long-term vocational status. Brain Inj 1990 Apr-Jun;4(2):183-90.

Umphred D. Conceptual model of an approach to the sensorimotor treatment of the head-injured client. Phys Ther 1983 Dec;63(12):1983-7.

Wade DT, King NS, Wenden FJ, Crawford S, Caldwell FE. Routine follow up after head injury: a second randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):177-83.

Walker WC, Kreutzer JS, Witol AD. Level of care options for the low-functioning brain injury survivor. Brain Inj 1996 Jan;10(1):65-75.

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Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Peterson J. Predicting outcome in the slow to respond traumatically brain-injuredpatient: acute and subacute parameters. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Feb;6(1):19-32.

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Intensive Care Unit/Acute Neurological Setting Models forTraumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Alderson P, Roberts I. Corticosteroids in acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Libr Database Syst Rev [database online] 1998 [cited 1998 Aug 25];(3):[18 pages].

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Cowley RS, Swanson B, Chapman P, Kitik BA, Mackay LE. The role of rehabilitation in the intensive care unit. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Mar;9(1):32-42.

Englander J, Hall K, Stimpson T, Chaffin S. Mild traumatic brain injury in an insured population: subjective complaints and return to employment. Brain Inj 1992 Mar-Apr;6(2):161-6.

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Goldman H, Morehead M, Murphy S. An ACTH analog minimizes cerebrovascular damage in an animal model of moderate brain injury. J Neurotrauma 1993 Winter;10(4):385-95.

Goldman H, Morehead M, Murphy S. Use of adrenocorticotrophic hormone analog to minimize brain injury. Ann Emerg Med 1993 Jun;22(6):1035-40.

Hall M, Brandys C, Yetman L. Multidisciplinary approaches to management of acute head injury. J Neurosci Nurs 1992 Aug;24(4):199-204.

Hannay HJ, Ezrachi O, Contant CF, Levin HS. Position paper. Outcome measures for patients with head injuries: report of the Outcome Measures Subcommittee. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):41-50.

Mackay LE. Benefits of a formalized traumatic brain injury program within a trauma center. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Mar;9(1):11-9.

Mackay LE, Bernstein BA, Chapman PE, Morgan AS, Milazzo LS. Early intervention in severe head injury: long-term benefits of a formalized program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992 Jul;73(7):635-41.

Morgan AS. The trauma center as a continuum of care for persons with severe brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Mar;9(1):1-10.

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Schierhout G, Roberts I. Hyperventilation therapy in acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Libr Database Syst Rev [database online] 1998 [cited 1998 Aug 25];(3):[9 pages].

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Zafonte R, Black K, Mann N, Nepa S, Watanabe T. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: a complication of gunshot woundinjuries to the brain. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):61-6.

Zafonte RD, Hammond FM, Mann NR, Wood DL, Millis SR, Black KL. Revised trauma score: an additive predictor of disability following traumatic brain injury? Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Nov-Dec;75(6):456-61.

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Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Antoinette T. Rehabilitation nursing management of persons in low level neurologic states. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Jan;6(1):33-44

Appleton R. Head injury rehabilitation for children. Nurs Times 1994 Jun 1-7;90(22):29-31.

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Bell KR, Massagli TL. Subacute brain injury rehabilitation: an opportunity for medical education and training. Brain Inj 1996 Dec;10(12):875-81.

Blackerby WF. Intensity of rehabilitation and length of stay. Brain Inj 1990 Apr-Jun;4(2):167-73.

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Cherney LR, Halper AS. Recovery of oral nutrition after head injury in adults. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):42-50.

Cope DN, Hall K. Head injury rehabilitation: benefit of early intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1982 Sep;63(9):433-7.

Corrigan JD, Bogner JA, Mysiw WJ, Clinchot D, Fugate L. Systematic bias in outcome studies of persons with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Feb;78(2):132-7.

Davis CS, Acton P. Treatment of the elderly brain-injured patient. Experience in a traumatic brain injury unit. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988 Mar;36(3):225-9.

Eames P, Cotterill G , Kneale TA, Storrar AL, Yeomans P. Outcome of intensive rehabilitation after severe brain injury: a long-term follow-up study. Brain Inj 1996 Sep;10(9):631-50.

Ellenberg JH, Levin HS, Saydjari C. Posttraumatic Amnesia as a predictor of outcome after severe closed head injury. Prospective assessment. Arch Neurol 1996 Aug;53(8):782-91.

Englander J, Hall K, Stimpson T, Chaffin S. Mild traumatic brain injury in an insured population: subjective complaints and return to employment. Brain Inj 1992 Mar-Apr;6(2):161-6.

Finset A. Subacute brain injury rehabilitation: a program description and a study of staff program evaluation. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1992;26:25-33.

Finset A, Krogstad JM , Hansen H, Berstad J, Haarberg D, Kristansen G, Saether K, Wang MD. Team development and memory training in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: two birds with one stone. Brain Inj 1995 Jul;9(5):495-507.

Fleming JM, Strong J, Ashton R. Cluster analysis of self-awareness levels in adults with traumatic brain injury and relationship to outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):39-51.

Fleming JM, Strong J, Ashton R, Hassell M. A 1-year longitudinal study of severe traumatic brain injury in Australia using the sickness impact profile. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Jun;12(3):27-40.

Francisco GE, Ivanhoe CB. Successful treatment of post-traumatic narcolepsy with methylphenidate: a case report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Jan-Feb;75(1):63-5.

Gizzi M. Critical review. The efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation for patients with head trauma. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Dec;10(6):60-77.

Gleckman AD, Brill S. The impact of brain injury on family functioning: implications for subacute rehabilitation programmes. Brain Inj 1995 May-Jun;9(4):385-93.

Hall K, Cope DN, Rappaport M. Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale: comparative usefulness in following recovery in traumatic head injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985 Jan;66(1):35-7.

Hall M, Brandys C, Yetman L. Multidisciplinary approaches to management of acute head injury. J Neurosci Nurs 1992 Aug;24(4):199-204.

Hannay HJ, Ezrachi O, Contant CF, Levin HS. Position paper. Outcome measures for patients with head injuries: report of the Outcome Measures Subcommittee. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):41-50.

Hedrick WP, Pickelman HL, Walker W. Analysis of demographic and functional subacute (transitional) rehabilitation data. Brain Inj 1995 Aug-Sep;9(6):563-73.

Hegland A. Rebuilding. Neuro recovery unit instills hope. Contemp Longterm Care 1993 Mar;16(3):74-6, 106.

Heinemann AW, Hamilton B, Linacre JM, Wright BD, Granger C. Functional status and therapeutic intensity during inpatient rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995 Jul-Aug;74(4):315-26.

High WM Jr, Hall KM, Rosenthal M, Mann N, Zafonte R, Cifu DX, Boake C, Bartha M, Ivanhoe C, Yablon S, Newton CN, Sherer M, Silver B, Lehmkuhl LD. Factors affecting hospital length of stay and charges following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Oct;11(5):85-96.

High WM Jr, Boake C, Lehmkuhl LD. Critical analysis of studies evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):14-26.

Ivanhoe CB, Lai JM, Francisco GE. Bruxism after brain injury: successful treatment with botulinum toxin-A. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1272-3.

Jacobs HE, Hart T, Mory KD, Griffin C, Martin BA, Probst J. Single-subject evaluation designs in rehabilitation: case studies on inpatient units. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Feb;11(1):86-94.

Kaelin DL, Cifu DX, Matthies B. Methylphenidate effect on attention deficit in the acutely brain-injured adult. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Jan;77(1):6-9.

Keyser L, Witol AD, Kreutzer JS, Rosenthal M. A multi-center investigation of neurobehavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Rehabil 1995;5:255-67.

Kuyper M, van Tol de Jager M, Post MW, Gerritsen J. Functional health status of rehabilitated adolescents with traumatic brain injury measured by the SIP68. J Rehabil Sci 1996;9(4):117-21.

Langer KG, Padrone FJ. Psychotherapeutic treatment of awareness in acute rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil 1992;2(1):59-70.

Lawler KA, Terregino CA. Guidelines for evaluation and education of adult patients with mild traumatic brain injuries in an acute care hospital setting. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):18-28.

Lewis FD, Burke WH, Carrillo R. Model for rehabilitation of head injured adults in the post acute care setting. J Appl Rehabil Counsel 1987 Summer;18(2):39-45.

Logeman JA, Pepe J, Mackay LE. Disorders of nutrition and swallowing: intervention strategies in the trauma center. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Mar;9(1):43-56.

Lundgren CC , PersechinomE L. Cognitive group: a treatment program for head-injured adults. Am J Occup Ther 1986 Jun;40(6):397-401.

Mayer GG , Buckley RF, White TL. Direct nursing care given to patients in a subacute rehabilitation center. Rehabil Nurs 1990 Mar-Apr;15(2):86-8.

McMillan TM, Greenwood RJ. Models of rehabilitation programmes for the brain-injured adult. Model services and suggestions for change in the UK. Clin Rehabil 1993;7(4):346-55.

Quine S, Pierce JP, Lyle DM. Implementing an innovative rehabilitation programme in an acute care hospital. Int Disabil Stud 1987;9(4):166-9.

Roberts I. Barbituates in the management of severe brain injury. Cochrane Libr Database Syst Rev [database online] 1998 [cited 1998 Aug 25];(3):[10 pages].

Sander AM, Kreutzer JS, Hernandez CC. Neurobehavioral functioning, substance abuse, and employment afterbrain injury: implications for vocational rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Oct;12(5):28-41.

Schierhout G, Roberts I. Prophylactic anti-epileptic agents following acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Libr Database Syst Rev [database online] 1998 [cited 1998 Aug 25];(3):[13 pages].

Schlageter K, Gray B, Hall K, Shaw R, Sammet R. Incidence and treatment of visual dysfunction in traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 1993 Sep-Oct;7(5):439-48.

Seaman B, Roberts P, Gilewski M, Nagai J. Clinic to the real world: Community reintegration of head injured patients. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 Mar-Apr;11(2):6-17.

Spivack G, Spettell CM , Ellis DW, Ross SE. Effects of intensity of treatment and length of stay on rehabilitation outcomes. Brain Inj 1992 Sep-Oct;6(5):419-34.

Stewart DG, Miller MA, Cifu DX. The role of subacute rehabilitation services after brain injury. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):13-23.

Tobis JS, Puri KB, Sheridan J. Rehabilitation of the severely brain-injured patient. Scand J Rehabil Med 1982;14(2):83-8.

Tuel SM, Presty SK, Meythaler JM, Heinemann AW, Katz RT. Functional improvement in severe head injury after readmission for rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1992 Jul-Aug;6(4):363-72.

Walsh C. Subacute care. Managing a head injury program. Provider 1995 Jun;21(6):35-6, 38.

Walsh W. The challenge of treating post head trauma patients. J Am Health Care Assoc 1984 Jan;10(1):64-9.

Watanabe TK, Black KL, Zafonte RD, Millis SR, Mann NR. Do calendars enhance posttraumatic temporal orientation?: a pilot study. Brain Inj 1998 Jan;12(1):81-5.

Whitlock JA Jr, Hamilton BB. Functional outcome after rehabilitation for severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995 Dec;76(12):1103-12.

Zafonte RD. Treatment of agitation in the acute care setting. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):78-81.

Zafonte RD, Lee CY. Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon: an unusual cause of ipsilateral motor deficit. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 May;78(5):543-5.

Zafonte RD, Mann NR. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in brain injury patients: a potential cause of hyponatremia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 May;78(5):540-2.

Zafonte RD, Mann NR, Fichtenberg NL. Sleep disturbance in traumatic brain injury: pharmacologic options. Neurorehabilitation 1996 Nov;7(3):189-95.

Zafonte RD, Mann NR, Millis SR, Black KL, Wood DL, Hammond F. Posttraumatic amnesia: its relation to functional outcome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Oct;78(10):1103-6.

Zafonte RD, Watanabe TK, Mann NR, Ko DH. Psychogenic polydipsia after traumatic brain injury. A case report. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997 May-Jun;76(3):246-8.

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Post Acute Outpatient of Day Care Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Ben Yishay Y, Silver SM, Piasetsky E, Rattok J. Relationship between employability and vocational outcome after intensive holistic cognitive rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Mar;2(1):35-48.

Carlson HB, Buckwald MB. Vocational Communication Group treatment in an outpatient head injury facility. Brain Inj 1993 Mar-Apr;7(2):183-7.

Christensen AL. Outpatient management and outcome in relation to work in traumatic brain injury patients. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1992;26:34-42.

Cole JR, Cope DN, Cervelli L. Rehabilitation of the severely brain-injured patient: a community-based, low-cost model program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1985 Jan;66(1):38-40.

Epperson-Sebour MM, Rifkin EW. Center for living: trauma aftercare and outcomes. Md Med J 1985 Dec;34(12):1187-92.

Fazio SM, Fralish KB. A survey of leisure and recreation programs offered by agencies serving traumatic head injured adults. Ther Recreation J 1988 1st Quarter;22(1):46-54.

Fines L , Nichols D. An evaluation of a twelve week recreational kayak program: effects on self-concept, leisure satisfaction and leisure attitude of adults with traumatic brain injuries. J Cognit Rehabil 1994 Sep-Oct;12(5):10-5.

Finset A. Subacute brain injury rehabilitation: a program description and a study of staff program evaluation. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1992;26:25-33.

Fleming JM, Strong J, Ashton R. Cluster analysis of self-awareness levels in adults with traumatic brain injury and relationship to outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1998 Oct;13(5):39-51.

Fluharty G, Sellon C, Glassman N. Optimizing outcome through cognitive therapy and advocacy: a case study. Brain Inj 1994 Nov-Dec;8(8):729-34.

Fryer LJ, Haffey WJ. Cognitive rehabilitation and community readaptation: outcomes from two program models. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Sep;2(3):51-63.

Futeral, Susan Todd. The Effectiveness of Social Group Work with Head Trauma Rehabilitation Patients. Dissertation Abstr Intl A 1994 Feb;54(8):3205-A [abstract]. Available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI. Order No. DA9328952.

Groveman AM, Brown EW. Family therapy with closed head injured patients: Utilizing Kubler-Ross' model. Fam Syst Med 1985 Winter;3(4):440-6.

Hatten JL. Traumatic brain injury community case management: issues, impact and hispanic orientation. Neurorehabilitation 1998 Jan;10(1):51-9.

HighWM Jr, Boake C, Lehmkuhl LD. Critical analysis of studies evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Feb;10(1):14-26.

Hutchins BF. Establishing a dysphagia family intervention program for head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):64-72.

Jacisin RD, VanKirk DS. Head injury: Innovations in day treatment. Cognit Rehabil 1989 Mar-Apr;7(2):12-4.

Joyce S. Outcomes management. Measuring a restored life... to recreate a valuable life for posttrauma patients outpatient rehabilitation. Rehab Manage 1996 Oct-Nov;9(6):105, 107, 116.

Kime SK, Lamb DG, Wilson BA. Use of a comprehensive programme of external cueing to enhance procedural memory in a patient with dense amnesia. Brain Inj 1996 Jan;10(1):17-25. Comment in: Brain Inj 1997 Jun;11(6):466-8.

Kluge S, Smith, Tardiff, Tinker P. Model for rehabilitation of head injured adults in the acute care setting: Mount Vernon Hospital. Cognit Rehabil 1985 Mar-Apr;3(2):4-8.

Kneipp S. Team conference. A model for team meetings in nonresidential community-integrated programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1995 Dec;10(6):50-9.

Kramer TH, Hoisington D. Use of AA and NA in the treatment of chemical dependencies of traumatic brain injury survivors. Brain Inj 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):81-8.

Kreutzer JS, Marwitz JH, Seel R, Serio CD. Validation of a neurobehavioral functioning inventory for adults with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Feb;77(2):116-24.

Lockhart C, Mandel J, Grossett D, Green D. The paradigm shift: behavioral home care. Caring 1994 Sep;13(9):10-1, 74-6.

Lyons JL, Morse AR. A therapeutic work program for head-injured adults. Am J Occup Ther 1988 Jun;42(6):364-70.

Malec JF, Smigielski JS, DePompolo RW , Thompson JM. Outcome evaluation and prediction in a comprehensive-integrated post-acute outpatient brain injury rehabilitation programme. Brain Inj 1993 Jan-Feb;7(1):15-29.

Mathews RM. Independent living as a lifelong community service. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):23-30.

McDowell I, Anderson S, Wilson C, Pentland B, Robertson I. Late rehabilitation for closed head injury: clinical psychologists' interventions. Clin Rehabil 1995 May;9(2):150-6.

McLaughlin AM. Addressing the psychological needs of children with brain injured relatives: an activity group model. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Mar-Apr;10(2):12-8.

McMillan TM, Greenwood RJ. Models of rehabilitation programmes for the brain-injured adult. Model services and suggestions for change in the UK. Clin Rehabil 1993;7(4):346-55.

Meghji C, Lonneberg E, Bridgman E, Malcolm C, Brown Hall B. Practice makes perfect: in interdisciplinary community living skills group for persons with brain injury. J Cognit Rehabil 1995 Nov-Dec;13(6):4-14.

Mills VM, Nesbeda T, Katz DI, Alexander MP. Outcomes for traumatically brain-injured patients following post-acute rehabilitation programmes. Brain Inj 1992 May-Jun;6(3):219-28.

Moore S. Day treatment at Odyssey Ranch head injury program: an alternative to institutionalized rehabilitation. Top Acute Care Trauma Rehabil 1986 Jul;1(1):61-71.

Namerow NS. Cognitive and behavioral aspects of brain-injury rehabilitation. Neurol Clin 1987 Nov;5(4):569-83.

Oddy M, Bonham E, McMillan TM, Stroud A, et al. A comprehensive service for the rehabilitation and long-term care of head injury survivors. Clin Rehabil 1989;3(3):253-9.

Peters MD, McLean A Jr. The evolution of the clinician-scientist model of neurological rehabilitation. Brain Inj 1995 Aug-Sep;9(6):543-52.

Prigatano GP, Fordyce DJ, Zeiner HK, Roueche JR, Pepping M, Wood BC. Neuropsychological rehabilitation after closed head injury in young adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984 May;47(5):505-13.

Prigatano GP, Klonoff PS, O'Brien KP, Altman IM, Amin K, Chiapello D, Shepherd-J, Cunningham M, Mora M. Productivity after neuropsychologically oriented milieu rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Mar;9(1):91-102.

Rattok J, Ben-Yishay Y, Ezrachi O, Lakin P, Piasetsky E, Ross B, et al. Outcome of different treatment mixes in a multidimensional neuropsychological rehabilitation program. Neuropsychology 1992;6:395-415.

Ruff RM, Niemann H. Cognitive rehabilitation versus day treatment in head-injured adults: is there an impact on emotional and psychosocial adjustment? Brain Inj 1990 Oct-Dec;4(4):339-47.

Sander AM, Witol AD, Kreutzer JS. Alcohol use after traumatic brain injury: concordance of patients' and relatives' reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Feb;78(2):138-42.

Scherzer BP. Rehabilitation following severe head trauma: results of a three-year program. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986 Jun;67(6):366-74.

Simon KB. Outpatient treatment for an adult with traumatic brain injury. Am J Occup Ther 1988 Apr;42(4):247-51.

Slade C. The role of home therapy in cognitive rehabilitation: A team approach. Cognit Rehabil 1985 Jan-Feb;3(1):10-3.

Smigielski JS, Malec JF, Thompson JM, DePompolo RW. Mayo Medical Center Brain Injury Outpatient Program: treatment procedures and early outcome data. Mayo Clin Proc 1992 Aug;67(8):767-74.

Stern JM, Groswasser Z, Alis R, Geva N, Hochberg J, Stern B, Yardeni Y. Day Center experience in rehabilitation of craniocerebral injured patients. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1985;12:53-8.

Switzer SF, Hinebaugh FL. Outcome results of post-acute rehabilitation after head injury. Five consecutive studies of 198 individuals over a five-year period. J Insur Med 1991 Winter;23(4):239-44.

Veach R. Utilization of community resources in a community-based rehabilitation program for mild to mild-moderate brain-injured survivors. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 Mar-Apr;11(2):18-20.

Venzie DR, Felicetti T, Cerra Tyl D. Planning considerations for community integrative brain injury programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):51-64.

Willer B, Corrigan JD. Whatever it takes: a model for community-based services. Brain Inj 1994 Oct;8(7):647-59.

Willer B, Rosenthal M, Kreutzer JS, Gordon WA, Rempel R. Assessment of community integration following rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1993 Jun;8(2):75-87.

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Post Acute Residential Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Blackerby WF, Baumgarten A. A model treatment program for the head-injured substance abuser: preliminary findings. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Sep;5(3):47-59.

Boake C, High WM Jr. Functional outcome from traumatic brain injury: unidimensional or multidimensional? Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Mar-Apr;75(2):105-13.

Epperson-Sebour MM, Rifkin EW. Center for living: trauma aftercare and outcomes. Md Med J 1985 Dec;34(12):1187-92.

Evans RW, Jones ML. Integrating outcomes, value, and quality. An outcome validation system for post-acute rehabilitation programs. J Insur Med 1991 Fall;23(3):192-6.

Fazio SM, Fralish KB. A survey of leisure and recreation programs offered by agencies serving traumatic head injured adults. Ther Recreation J 1988 1st Quarter;22(1):46-54.

Freeman EA. Community-based rehabilitation of the person with a severe brain injury. Brain Inj 1997 Feb;11(2):143-53.

Goldberg AL, Sachs PR. A guide to evaluating residential post-acute programs for children and adolescents with brain injury. J Cognit Rehabil 1992 Mar-Apr;10(2):28-32.

Hutchins BF. Establishing a dysphagia family intervention program for head-injured patients. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1989 Dec;4(4):64-72.

Johnston MV. Outcomes of community re-entry programmes for brain injury survivors. Part 2: Further investigations. Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):155-68. Comment in: Brain Inj 1991 Apr-Jun;5(2):103-9.

Johnston MV, Hall KM. Outcomes evaluation in TBI Rehabilitation. Part I: an overview and system principles. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994 Dec;75(12 Spec No):SC1-9; discussion SC27-8.

McGinley WJ. SNF-based care for the head injured. Provider 1988 Aug;14(8):28, 30.

McLaughlin AM, Peters S. Evaluation of an innovative cost-effective programme for brain injury patients: response to a need for flexible treatment planning. Brain Inj 1993 Jan-Feb;7(1):71-5.

Sargent M, Patterson TS. Postacute, home-based head injury rehabilitation: an outcome study. Rehabil Nurs 1993 Nov-Dec;18(6):380-3, 387.

Savage RC. Integrating rehabilitation and education services for school-age children with brain injuries. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):11-20.

Schaaf SV. An operational model of lifelong living. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1990 Mar;5(1):40-6.

Schwartz SM. Adults with traumatic brain injury: three case studies of cognitive rehabilitation in the home setting. Am J Occup Ther 1995 Jul-Aug;49(7):655-67.

Shamberg S, Shamberg A. Rehab engineering. Reentry begins at home. Rehab Manage 1995 Aug-Sep;8(5):124-7.

Shue KL. Repatriation Community Programs, Part I: A collaborative model of service delivery. Brain Inj 1993 Jul-Aug;7(4):367-76.

Slade C. The role of home therapy in cognitive rehabilitation: A team approach. Cognit Rehabil 1985 Jan-Feb;3(1):10-3.

Strauss DL, Schaffer VL. A transformation to real-life rehabilitation. Contin Care 1995 Jul-Aug;14(6):31-5.

Veach R. Utilization of community resources in a community-based rehabilitation program for mild to mild-moderate brain-injured survivors. J Cognit Rehabil 1993 Mar-Apr;11(2):18-20.

Venzie DR, Felicetti T, Cerra Tyl D. Planning considerations for community integrative brain injury programs. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1996 Dec;11(6):51-64.

Walsh C. Subacute care. Managing a head injury program. Provider 1995 Jun;21(6):35-6, 38.

Walsh W. The challenge of treating post head trauma patients. J Am Health Care Assoc 1984 Jan;10(1):64-9.

Wesolowski MD, Zencius AH. A practical guide to head injury rehabilitation: a focus on postacute residential treatment. New York: Plenum Press; 1994. 239 p.

Willer B, Corrigan JD. Whatever it takes: a model for community-based services. Brain Inj 1994 Oct;8(7):647-59.

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Vocational and Cognitive Rehabilitation Models for Traumatic Brain Injury

Abreu BC, Toglia JP. Cognitive rehabilitation: a model for occupational therapy. Am J Occup Ther 1987 Jul;41(7):439-48.

Ben Yishay Y, Silver SM, Piasetsky E, Rattok J. Relationship between employability and vocational outcome after intensive holistic cognitive rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1987 Mar;2(1):35-48.

Bergquist TF, Boll TJ, Corrigan JD, Harley JP, Malec JF, Millis SR, Schmidt MF. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: proceedings of a consensus conference. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1994 Dec;9(4):50-61.

Blosser J, Pearson S. Transition coordination for students with brain injury: a challenge schools can meet. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Apr;12(2):21-31.

Bogner JA, Corrigan JD, Spafford DE, Lamb-Hart GL. Integrating substance abuse treatment and vocational rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 1997 Oct;12(5):57-71.

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Last updated: 22 October 1998