Sport and physical activity contribute to the physical movement capabilities of girls, the health status of their bodies, the values and ethical behaviors they develop, and their personal development of a unique identity. This paper offers an overview of contributions and potential challenges related to physiological dimensions and psychosocial development. Childhood activities related to sport and physical activity should include opportunities for girls to develop fundamental skills and to acquire motor skills necessary for lifelong learning and leisure activities. Girls need reasonable levels of motor skill to participate in activities that facilitate good immune system functioning, build physical fitness, and maintain appropriate body weight. Exercise uniquely affects female reproductive functioning, menarche, and bone density. Girls' involvement in sports is largely impacted by the attitudes of parents and other role models. If parents support their involvement, then girls can benefit in many positive ways, including self-esteem, emotional well-being, and social competence. Recommendations include the following: (1) children should participate in regular physical activity and sports experiences; (2) children need opportunities for health-related fitness activities and skill building; (3) children need a wide range of activities; (4) excessive exercise and training should be carefully monitored; (5)moderate and regular physical activity can promote psychological and emotional wellbeing; (6) and both sexes need equal opportunities for a full range of physical fitness and sport activities. (Contains 48 reference.) (SM)