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PeopleThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to Professor Gerardus 't Hooft, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Professor Emeritus Martinus J. G. Veltman, also of the Netherlands, for "elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics." This work was done in the late 1960's and 1970's. In 1981, Professor Veltman came to the University of Michigan, where he served as principal investigator for a grant supported by SC's Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics. His research at the University of Michigan focused on field theoretic aspects of gauge theories and their applications to elementary particle physics, radiative corrections in the Standard Model, the Higgs sector of the Standard Model and its implications for phenomenology and for new physics beyond the Standard Model, as well as vacuum structure of field theories. Professor Ahmed H. Zewail has been named the 1999 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy. He was also the 1998 recipient of the E. O. Lawrence Award, administrated by the Office of Science for the Department of Energy. Dr. Zewail is Professor of Chemistry and of Physics at the California Institute of Technology. Michael J. Welch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, has been elected to the Institute of Medicine, one of the highest honors for medical scientists in the United States. Welch, a professor of radiology, chemistry, biomedical engineering, molecular biology, and pharmacology, was selected to receive this honor for his professional achievements and interest in issues that affect public health. He is renowned for applying modern organic chemistry to the preparation of radioactive elements used in medical imaging. He developed rapid methods to synthesize positron-labeled organic chemicals, a vital step in making positron emission tomography (PET) a useful medical tool. Welch's efforts also helped PET gain acceptance as a valuable tool for detecting breast and other cancers and for making therapeutic choices. The Institute of Medicine is a private organization that promotes and disseminates scientific knowledge to improve human health. It was established in 1946 as part of the National Academy of Sciences, which advises the Federal government on science and technology. Welch's research is supported by a grant from SC's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. G. Barney Ellison, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, was awarded the 1999 Guggenheim Fellowship by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to further his study of the atmospheric processing of organic aerosols. Ellison's work proposes a novel, inverted micelle structure for marine aerosols and suggests the chemical route by which such aerosols might be converted into nuclei for cloud condensation in the troposphere. These ideas followed naturally from his research on organic radicals relevant to combustion processes, supported by the SC Office of Basic Energy Sciences since 1986. Guggenheim Fellowships are given annually to "promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding, and the appreciation of beauty, by aiding without distinction on account of race, color or creed, scholars, scientists and artists of either sex in the prosecution of their labors." Genome instrumentation research scientist Jonathan V. Sweedler, Associate Professor at University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign and a member of the Beckman Institute, has been selected to receive the 1999 Benedetti-Pichler Memorial Award of the American Microchemical Society. The award is presented annually for outstanding accomplishments in advancing chemical analysis to handle ever-smaller quantities of materials. Sweedler's research has led to demonstration of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry on nanoliter-sized samples and application of this technique to detection in capillary electrophoresis and microbore liquid chromatography, two techniques widely used in biomedical science. He is considered a leading innovator in techniques for identifying and quantitative measurement of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in single cells and their microenvironments. Sweedler's research is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Two junior faculty members carrying out research in plasma physics, George Tynan of the University of California-San Diego and Christopher Watts of Auburn University, were selected by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences to receive faculty development awards. These awards are intended to promote plasma physics in the academic community and are restricted to tenure track professors. Nine development awards have been made since the inception of the program in 1997. Bill Chandler, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, received the prestigious World Climate Technology Leadership Award from the Climate Technology Initiative. The initiative is led by the International Energy Agency in Paris, France. Chandler was recognized by CTI for founding a global network of energy efficiency centers in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the People's Republic of China, Poland, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. For more information about Chandler's work, see the news release. |
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