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Note: This information is provided for reference purposes only. Although the information provided here was accurate and current when first created, it is now outdated. |
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FY 1996 Accomplishments:
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Table I. New Pesticide Active Ingredients Registered in FY 1996 |
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Pesticide Name |
Registrant |
Pesticide Type |
Use(s) | Biopesticide or Reduced Risk Pesticide? |
Potassium | Carus hemical Company |
Disinfectant |
Manufacturing
|
No |
Butanethiol |
Bear Country Products |
Repellent |
Recreational Areas |
No |
Aztec |
Bayer Corp |
Insecticide |
Corn |
No |
Sumilar |
Sumitomo
|
Insecticide
|
Farm animals, dogs, cats, non-food/feed storage areas |
No |
Maxim |
Ciba-Geigy Corp. |
Fungicide
|
Corn & Sorghum |
Yes (RR) |
Cadre |
American
|
Herbicide |
Peanuts |
Yes (RR) |
Mefenoxam |
Ciba-Geigy |
Fungicide |
Fruits, nuts and melons |
Yes (RR) |
Fipronil |
Rhone-Poulenc AG |
Insecticide
|
Turf, dogs, cats, golf course turf |
No |
Cidex |
Johnson
| Disinfectant | Farm animals, pests, poultry, egg handling equipment, pulp & paper mills | No |
Upbeet | DuPont | Herbicide | Sugar Beets | No |
Promexal | Zeneca Ag | Miticide | Preservative used in adhesives, coatings, paints, resin emulsions, metalworking cutting fluids. | No |
Busan 1104 | Buckman | Microbiocide |
Preservative used in adhesives, coatings, paints,resinemulsions | No |
Bt Cotton | Monsanto | Plant Pesticide |
Cotton | Yes |
1-octen-3-ol | Armatron | Mosquito Attractant | Non-food | Yes |
Jojoba oil | IJO Products | Insecticide | All terrestrial food crops | Yes |
Oil of Melaleuca | Tuttle Apiary |
Miticide | (Application | Yes |
Bt(CRYMAX) | Ecogen,Inc. | Insecticide | Allterrestrialfoodcrops | Yes |
Myrethecium verrucaria (killed fermentation solids and solubles of) | Abbott Laboratories | Nematicide | All terrestrial food crops and ornamentals | Yes |
Meat meal | Lakeshore Enterprises | Repellent | Deer, rabbits and raccoons | Yes |
Red pepper | Lakeshore Enterprises | Repellent | Deer, rabbits and raccoons | Yes |
Verticillium lecanii | Abbott Laboratories | Insecticide | (Application withdrawn) | Yes |
NK Bt corn | Northrup King | Plant pesticide | Field corn | Yes |
Monsanto Bt corn |
Monsanto | Plant pesticide | Corn (field, sweet and pop)--seed increase only | Yes |
Lavandin Oil | S.C. Johnson & Sons | Repellent | Moths | Yes |
Table II. Registration Decisions |
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CATEGORY | DESCRIPTION | TARGET | FINAL |
Old Chemicals | application for a new product containing an active ingredient (AI) contained in a currently registered product; requires nodata review | 595 | 701 |
Old Chemicals | application for a new product containing an AI in a currently registered product; requires data review | 85 | 200 |
Amendments | application to change an existing registration (e.g., formula or labelling); requires no data |
2,150 | 3,104 |
Amendments | application to change an existing registration; requires data review | 215 | 154 |
New Uses | application for registration of a use not currently included in the registration | 50 | 117 |
New Chemicals | application for registration of a product containing an AI not contained in a currently registered product | 24 | 24 |
Experimental UsePermits | permit required to conduct field trials (residue tests) to support the registration of a new AI | 123 | 85 |
Tolerances | Safe pesticide residue level allowed on food | 65 | 106 |
Temporary Tolerances | Tolerance for a pesticide under an EUP; | 36 | 35 |
Inerts | approval of toxicology data for new inert ingredients to be used in pesticide products | 13 | 38 |
Emergency Exemptions | approval of a States request to use an unregistered pesticide when no registered product is available | 247 | 452 |
Special Local Needs | approval of a States request for a specific use that is not currently registered | 390 | 373 |
Biotech Notification | special EUP for a biological pesticide | 5 | 5 |
TOTALS | 3,998 | 5,394 |
Reregistration Progress
Overall Status of Reregistration
Of the 614 reregistration cases 1 (representing 1,138 active ingredients or AIs) that were eligible for reregistration in 1988, 232 are no longer supported (they have been suspended and/or voluntarily canceled). Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) have been completed 2 for 148 -- almost 40% -- of the 382 remaining cases. The 27 REDs competed in FY 1996 are listed below in Table III.
Figure I. Status of Original Reregistration Cases
Table III. Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) Completed in FY 1996 |
Amitrole | Bacillus Popilliae |
Bromacil* | Cloprop |
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* | Coumaphos |
Cryolite | Desmedipham |
Dibromodicyanobutane (DBDCB) | 4,4Dimethyloxazolidine |
Furanone or Tanol Derivatives | Gibberellic Acid |
Hydroxyethyl Octyl Sulfide | Hydroxypropyl methanethiosulfonate |
Mepiquat Chloride* | Methylisothiazolinone |
Mitin FF | Norflurazon |
Oil of Pennyroyal | p-Chloro-m-cresol |
Paraquat Dichloride* | Phosphamidon |
Polyhedral Inclusion Bodies (NPV)* | S-Kinoprene* |
Strychnine | Tridecenyl Acetates |
Virelure* |
1 This number, originally 611 cases, rose to 614 when several active ingredients were separated to become individual cases.
2 The 148 completed REDs include some cases voluntarily canceled as a result of the reregistration review.
* Indicates RED was issued after August 3, 1996, under the provisions of the FQPA.
Pesticide Usage Covered by REDs
The 148 REDs completed through the end of FY 1996 represent about 60% of the 4.2 billion pounds of pesticide active ingredients used annually in the United States. A significant portion of this volume is represented by chlorine, hypochlorites (bleach), pine oil, sulfur, petroleum oil, aliphatic alcohols, and coal tar/creosote.
REDs account for 30% of the remaining 1.6 billion pounds of conventional pesticides, antimicrobials, and wood preservatives used each year in the U.S. Looking at these conventional pesticides by market segment, completed REDs cover an estimated 33% of the consumer-applied pesticides, almost 24% of pesticides used in agriculture, and about 35% of pesticides applied by commercial applicators for residential and commercial pest control. This years usage estimates are more accurate than previous years because they are based on better data --more categories of pesticides and data bases, and more recent and complete data.
Table IV. Amount of Pesticide Usage (by Volume) Covered by |
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Type of Pesticide |
Consumer Applied |
Agricultural Use |
Commercial Use |
Total Percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antimicrobials/
|
100 % |
3 % |
57 % |
60% |
Biologicals |
100% |
0 % |
24 % |
28% |
Fungicides |
1 % |
6 % |
3 % |
5 % |
Herbicides/Growth Regulators |
24 % |
37 % |
30 % |
36 % |
Insecticides/Fumi-gants/Nematicides |
12 % |
>1 % |
14 % |
4% |
Repellents |
1 % |
n/a |
14 % |
2 % |
Rodenticides/
|
65 % |
0% |
18 % |
18 % |
Wood
|
0% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
TOTAL |
33 % |
24 % |
35 % |
30 % |
* Excludes pine oil, chlorine, sodium and calcium hypochlorites (bleach), aliphatic alcohol, sulfur, petroleum oil, and coal tar/creosote. RED's completed account for 78% of these large volume pesticides. Also, pounds used may not indicate the relative percent of area treated or number of applications.
Risk Reduction Achieved Through FY 1996 REDs
The REDs completed in FY 1996 include many changes intended to reduce risks to human health and the environment. Some of the risk reduction measures achieved in these 27 REDs are summarized below.
Table V. Risk Reduction Achieved Through FY 1996 REDs |
|
Number of REDs |
Risk Reduction Measures Required by REDs |
6 |
Voluntary Cancellation and/or Deletion of all or certain registrations, uses, or formulations. Includes Amitrole (voluntary cancellation of liquid formulation and deletion of ornamental plant nursery stock uses); Bacillus popilliae (all uses voluntarily canceled); Cloprop (all uses voluntarily canceled); Oil of Pennyroyal (last product voluntarily canceled); Paraquat Dichloride (some use patterns deleted); and Phosphamidon (all uses voluntarily canceled). |
8 |
Use Reduction. |
3 |
Restricted Use Pesticide classification added or maintained, so that the pesticide may be used only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator. |
20 |
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements for pesticide handlers strengthened or confirmed. |
11 |
Restricted Entry Intervals (REIs) limiting entry of workers into treated areas strengthened or confirmed. |
21 |
Use Limits, Application Restrictions, Use Directions or Precautions added, strengthened, or made more specific. |
16 |
User Safety Requirements or Recommendations added. |
6 |
Special Packaging or Engineering Controls required. |
4 |
Ground Water or Surface Water Safeguards required. |
9 |
Spray Drift Labeling required. |
14 |
Other Environmental Safeguards required to reduce ecological risk. |
11 |
Tolerances reassessed (reduced, revoked, or newly approved). |
For more detailed information on the risk reduction measures achieved from each of the individual REDs completed in FY 1996, please refer to the Pesticide Reregistration Progress Report for FY 1996.
Status of Studies Received
Registrants have responded to Data Call Ins and other requirements by submitting over 21,000 studies in support of reregistration. By the end of FY 1996, OPP had reviewed over 14,500 of these studies, including more than 8,000 of the over 10,000 studies received for List A pesticides (the most significant and/or food use pesticides). The numbers of studies received, reviewed, and awaiting review by scientific discipline are shown below for the List A pesticides.
Product Reregistration
While REDs are OPPs major reregistration output, much of the real world impact of eligibility decisions and risk reduction requirements does not occur until products are reregistered. As of October 1996, about 2,500 products have completed this concluding phase. OPP has reregistered over 900 of these products, granted about 1,450 voluntary cancellations, amended 44 registrations, and suspended about 150 products. In addition, about 1,300 reregistration decisions are pending, and 1,370 products have recently entered this final phase.
* An additional 1371 products are covered by REDs issued since August 1995, for which a product reregistration decision is not yet due under FIFRA.
Special Review
OPP completed a total of 10 Special Review decisions during FY 1996, meeting its target for the fiscal year.
Risk Reduction Achieved Through Special Review
The following Special Review activities have resulted in risk reduction through label amendments, or provide information to OPP allowing the refinement of risk assessments to determine the need for further exposure reduction.
Table VI. Risk Reduction and Data Gathering through Special Review in FY 1996 |
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Pesticide |
Risk(s) |
Use Reduction |
New Restricted Use |
Increased Preharvest &/or Reentry Intervals |
Engineering Controls1 |
Additional Protective Clothing |
Major Data Requirements |
Special Review Ended |
Cyanazine |
dietary, worker; cancer, ground & surface water contamination |
X |
X |
X |
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Iprodione |
dietary; cancer |
X |
X |
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Metam Sodium2 |
to workers; developmental |
X |
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Methomyl |
to workers; neurotoxicity |
X |
X |
X |
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Molinate |
to workers; reproductive |
X |
X |
X |
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Propargite |
dietary; cancer |
X |
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Propoxur |
to workers & residents; cancer |
X |
X |
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Telone |
to workers & residents; cancer |
X |
X |
X |
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Ag Reentry |
to workers |
X |
1 E.g., mechanical and closed loading systems, application from within a closed cab, sealing fumigants in the soil with tarps, etc. Telone also included a buffer zone between treated areas and occupied buildings.
2 Sewer Treatment products only.
OPP Laboratory Accomplishments
Food Tolerance Method Validations (TMVs)
In order for FDA, USDA and the states to take appropriate regulatory action when residues exceed that which has been established by federal and state agencies, reliable chemical methods of analyses are required. Although the pesticide registrants are responsible for developing such methods, EPA determines if the methods are suitable for monitoring the nation's food supply. The Analytical Chemistry Lab, located in Beltsville, Maryland, is responsible for validating these methods. In FY 1996 the total number of TMVs completed at the laboratory increased by 66% from FY 1995. Of those, 27% of the TMVs were new uses of existing pesticides.
Environmental Chemistry Methods Validations (ECMs)
The Environmental Chemistry Laboratory in Mississippi determines the reliability and validity of pesticide soil and water residue methods. The environmental chemistry mthods (ECM) are used by the EPA regions and states to identify inadvertent pesticide residues in soil and water contaminated sites as well as being used for pesticide monitoring studies. There was a 26% increase in ECM validations completed in FY 1996 compared to last year's accomplishments.
Product Chemistry Method Validation (PCMs)
* The risk issues presented by these data are addressed by an upcoming Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) or
Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)
Table VII. PESP Partners and Supporters |
|
Partners | |
American Association of Nurserymen | American Corn Growers Association |
American Electric Power (AEP) Service Corporation | American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) |
Arizona Public Service | Atlantic Electric |
California Citrus Research Board | California Pear Advisory Board |
California Pear Growers | California Tomato Board |
Carolina Power & Light | Cranberry Institute |
Delmarva Power | Duke Power Company |
Eastern Utilities | Edison Electric Institute |
Florida Fruit & Vegetable Association | Global Integrated Pest Management |
Golf Course Superintendents Association of America | Hawaii Agricultural Research Council |
Hood River Grower-Shipper Association | Mint Industry Research Council |
Monroe County School Corporation | National Potato Council |
New England Vegetable & Berry Growers Association | New Orleans Mosquito Control Board |
New York State Gas & Electric | Northern Indiana Public Service Company |
Northwest Alfalfa Seed Growers Association | Oregon-Washington-California Pear Bureau |
Oregon Wheat Growers League | Owen Speciality Services, Inc. |
Pear Pest Management Research Fund | Pebble Beach Company |
Pennsylvania Electric | Pennsylvania Power & Light |
Pennsylvania Rural Electric Association | Pineapple Growers Association of Hawaii |
Processed Tomato Foundation | Professional Lawn Care Association of America |
Sun-Maid Growers of California | South Dakota Cattelmen's Association |
Tennessee Valley Authority | Texas Pest Management Association |
U.S. Apple Association (International Apple Institute) | U.S. Department of Defense |
U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Utilicorp United |
VA, MD, DE Association of Electric Cooperatives | egetation Managers, Inc. |
West Virginia Power | Wisconsin Ginseng Growers Association |
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation |
Supporters |
Aqumix, Inc. |
Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association |
Campbell Soup Company |
Del Monte |
Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst National Office |
Gempler's, Inc. |
General Mills, Inc. |
Gerber Products Company |
Glades Crop Care, Inc. |
United States Golf Association |
1996 Table of Contents
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