Information provided for informational purposes only

Note: This information is provided for reference purposes only. Although the information provided here was accurate and current when first created, it is now outdated.

United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs

FY 1996 Accomplishments:
Facts and Figures

Index of Tables and Figures

Table INew Pesticide Active Ingredients Registered in FY 1996

Table IIRegistration Decisions vs. Targets in FY 1996

Figure IStatus of Original Reregistration Cases

Table IIIReregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) Completed in FY 1996

Table IVAmount of Pesticide Usage Covered by REDs Completed through FY 1996

Table VRisk Reduction Achieved Through FY 1996 REDs

Figure II Review Status of List A Pesticides

Figure IIIProduct Reregistration Status for 149 REDs Completed as of October 1, 1996

Figure IVSpecial Review Decisions vs. Targets in FY 1996

Table VIRisk Reduction and Data Gathering through Special Review in FY 1996

Figure VOPP Laboratory Accomplishments (FY 1993 - FY 1996)

Figure VIOutcome of 6(a)(2) Submissions Warranting Expedited Review

Table VIIPesticde Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP) Partners and Supporters

New Pesticide Registrations

In FY 1996, OPP registered 22 new pesticide active ingredients, more than half of which are considered reduced-risk pesticides. These decisions include the approval of ten biopesticides and twelve new chemicals, which include three reduced risk chemicals. The table on the following pages lists active ingredients for which decisions were made (and two where applications were withdrawn) in Fiscal Year 1996.

Table I. New Pesticide Active Ingredients Registered in FY 1996

Pesticide Name

Registrant

Pesticide Type

Use(s)

Biopesticide or Reduced Risk Pesticide?

Potassium
Permanganate

Carus hemical Company

Disinfectant

Manufacturing
Use Only

No

Butanethiol

Bear Country Products

Repellent

Recreational Areas

No

Aztec

Bayer Corp

Insecticide
Miticide

Corn

No

Sumilar

Sumitomo
Chem Co.,Ltd

Insecticide
Miticide

Farm animals, dogs, cats, non-food/feed storage areas

No

Maxim

Ciba-Geigy Corp.

Fungicide

 

Corn & Sorghum

Yes (RR)

Cadre

American
Cyanamid

Herbicide

Peanuts

Yes (RR)

Mefenoxam

Ciba-Geigy

Fungicide

Fruits, nuts and melons

Yes (RR)

Fipronil

Rhone-Poulenc AG

Insecticide
Miticide

Turf, dogs, cats, golf course turf

No

Cidex

Johnson
Johnson, Inc.

Disinfectant

Farm animals, pests, poultry, egg handling equipment, pulp & paper mills

No

Upbeet

DuPont

Herbicide

Sugar Beets

No

Promexal

Zeneca Ag
Products

Miticide
Fungicide

Preservative used in adhesives, coatings, paints, resin emulsions, metalworking cutting fluids.

No

Busan 1104

Buckman
Labs

Microbiocide

Preservative used in adhesives, coatings, paints,resinemulsions

No

Bt Cotton

Monsanto

Plant Pesticide

Cotton

Yes

1-octen-3-ol

Armatron

Mosquito Attractant

Non-food

Yes

Jojoba oil

IJO Products

Insecticide

All terrestrial food crops

Yes

Oil of Melaleuca

Tuttle Apiary
Laboratory

Miticide

(Application
Withdrawn)

Yes

Bt(CRYMAX)

Ecogen,Inc.

Insecticide

Allterrestrialfoodcrops

Yes

Myrethecium

verrucaria (killed fermentation solids and solubles of)

Abbott Laboratories

Nematicide

All terrestrial food crops and ornamentals

Yes

Meat meal

Lakeshore Enterprises

Repellent

Deer, rabbits and raccoons

Yes

Red pepper

Lakeshore

Enterprises

Repellent

Deer, rabbits and raccoons

Yes

Verticillium lecanii

Abbott Laboratories

Insecticide

(Application withdrawn)

Yes

NK Bt corn

Northrup King

Plant pesticide

Field corn

Yes

Monsanto Bt corn

Monsanto

Plant pesticide

Corn (field, sweet and pop)--seed increase only

Yes

Lavandin Oil

S.C. Johnson & Sons

Repellent

Moths

Yes


Table II. Registration Decisions
vs. Targets in FY 1996

CATEGORY

DESCRIPTION

TARGET
DECISIONS

FINAL
DECISIONS

Old Chemicals
(Fast Track)

application for a new product containing an active ingredient (AI) contained in a currently registered product; requires nodata review

595

701

Old Chemicals
(Non-Fast Track)

application for a new product containing an AI in a currently registered product; requires data review

85

200

Amendments
(Fast Track)

application to change an existing registration (e.g., formula or labelling); requires no data

2,150

3,104

Amendments
(Non-Fast Track)

application to change an existing registration; requires data review

215

154

New Uses

application for registration of a use not currently included in the registration

50

117

New Chemicals

application for registration of a product containing an AI not contained in a currently registered product

24

24

Experimental UsePermits
(EUPs)

permit required to conduct field trials (residue tests) to support the registration of a new AI

123

85

Tolerances

Safe pesticide residue level allowed on food

65

106

Temporary Tolerances

Tolerance for a pesticide under an EUP;
must be established if the crop will be eaten

36

35

Inerts

approval of toxicology data for new inert ingredients to be used in pesticide products

13

38

Emergency Exemptions
(Section 18s)

approval of a State’s request to use an unregistered pesticide when no registered product is available

247

452

Special Local Needs
(24c)

approval of a State’s request for a specific use that is not currently registered

390

373

Biotech Notification

special EUP for a biological pesticide

5

5

TOTALS

3,998

5,394

Reregistration Progress

Overall Status of Reregistration

Of the 614 reregistration cases 1 (representing 1,138 active ingredients or AIs) that were eligible for reregistration in 1988, 232 are no longer supported (they have been suspended and/or voluntarily canceled). Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (REDs) have been completed 2 for 148 -- almost 40% -- of the 382 remaining cases. The 27 REDs competed in FY 1996 are listed below in Table III.

Figure I. Status of Original Reregistration Cases

Status of Original Reregistration Cases Graphic

Table III. Reregistration Eligibility Decisions
(REDs) Completed in FY 1996
Amitrole Bacillus Popilliae
Bromacil* Cloprop
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* Coumaphos
Cryolite Desmedipham
Dibromodicyanobutane (DBDCB) 4,4Dimethyloxazolidine
Furanone or Tanol Derivatives Gibberellic Acid
Hydroxyethyl Octyl Sulfide Hydroxypropyl methanethiosulfonate
Mepiquat Chloride* Methylisothiazolinone
Mitin FF Norflurazon
Oil of Pennyroyal p-Chloro-m-cresol
Paraquat Dichloride* Phosphamidon
Polyhedral Inclusion Bodies (NPV)* S-Kinoprene*
Strychnine Tridecenyl Acetates
Virelure*

1 This number, originally 611 cases, rose to 614 when several active ingredients were separated to become individual cases.

2 The 148 completed REDs include some cases voluntarily canceled as a result of the reregistration review.

* Indicates RED was issued after August 3, 1996, under the provisions of the FQPA.

Pesticide Usage Covered by REDs

The 148 REDs completed through the end of FY 1996 represent about 60% of the 4.2 billion pounds of pesticide active ingredients used annually in the United States. A significant portion of this volume is represented by chlorine, hypochlorites (bleach), pine oil, sulfur, petroleum oil, aliphatic alcohols, and coal tar/creosote.

REDs account for 30% of the remaining 1.6 billion pounds of conventional pesticides, antimicrobials, and wood preservatives used each year in the U.S. Looking at these conventional pesticides by market segment, completed REDs cover an estimated 33% of the consumer-applied pesticides, almost 24% of pesticides used in agriculture, and about 35% of pesticides applied by commercial applicators for residential and commercial pest control. This year’s usage estimates are more accurate than previous years’ because they are based on better data --more categories of pesticides and data bases, and more recent and complete data.

Table IV. Amount of Pesticide Usage (by Volume) Covered by

Type of Pesticide

Consumer Applied

Agricultural Use

Commercial Use

Total Percent

Antimicrobials/
Algicides

100 %

3 %

57 %

60%

Biologicals

100%

0 %

24 %

28%

Fungicides

1 %

6 %

3 %

5 %

Herbicides/Growth Regulators

24 %

37 %

30 %

36 %

Insecticides/Fumi-gants/Nematicides

12 %

>1 %

14 %

4%

Repellents

1 %

n/a

14 %

2 %

Rodenticides/
Molluscicides

65 %

0%

18 %

18 %

Wood
Preservatives

0%

0%

0%

0%

TOTAL

33 %

24 %

35 %

30 %

* Excludes pine oil, chlorine, sodium and calcium hypochlorites (bleach), aliphatic alcohol, sulfur, petroleum oil, and coal tar/creosote. RED's completed account for 78% of these large volume pesticides. Also, pounds used may not indicate the relative percent of area treated or number of applications.

Risk Reduction Achieved Through FY 1996 REDs

The REDs completed in FY 1996 include many changes intended to reduce risks to human health and the environment. Some of the risk reduction measures achieved in these 27 REDs are summarized below.

Table V. Risk Reduction Achieved Through FY 1996 REDs

Number of REDs

Risk Reduction Measures Required by REDs

6

Voluntary Cancellation and/or Deletion of all or certain registrations, uses, or formulations. Includes Amitrole (voluntary cancellation of liquid formulation and deletion of ornamental plant nursery stock uses); Bacillus popilliae (all uses voluntarily canceled); Cloprop (all uses voluntarily canceled); Oil of Pennyroyal (last product voluntarily canceled); Paraquat Dichloride (some use patterns deleted); and Phosphamidon (all uses voluntarily canceled).

8

Use Reduction.

3

Restricted Use Pesticide classification added or maintained, so that the pesticide may be used only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator.

20

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) requirements for pesticide handlers strengthened or confirmed.

11

Restricted Entry Intervals (REIs) limiting entry of workers into treated areas strengthened or confirmed.

21

Use Limits, Application Restrictions, Use Directions or Precautions added, strengthened, or made more specific.

16

User Safety Requirements or Recommendations added.

6

Special Packaging or Engineering Controls required.

4

Ground Water or Surface Water Safeguards required.

9

Spray Drift Labeling required.

14

Other Environmental Safeguards required to reduce ecological risk.

11

Tolerances reassessed (reduced, revoked, or newly approved).

For more detailed information on the risk reduction measures achieved from each of the individual REDs completed in FY 1996, please refer to the Pesticide Reregistration Progress Report for FY 1996.

Status of Studies Received

Registrants have responded to Data Call In’s and other requirements by submitting over 21,000 studies in support of reregistration. By the end of FY 1996, OPP had reviewed over 14,500 of these studies, including more than 8,000 of the over 10,000 studies received for List A pesticides (the most significant and/or food use pesticides). The numbers of studies received, reviewed, and awaiting review by scientific discipline are shown below for the List A pesticides.

Figure II. Review Status of List A Pesticides Bar Chart Graphic

Product Reregistration

While REDs are OPP’s major reregistration output, much of the real world impact of eligibility decisions and risk reduction requirements does not occur until products are reregistered. As of October 1996, about 2,500 products have completed this concluding phase. OPP has reregistered over 900 of these products, granted about 1,450 voluntary cancellations, amended 44 registrations, and suspended about 150 products. In addition, about 1,300 reregistration decisions are pending, and 1,370 products have recently entered this final phase.

Pie Chart Graphic

* An additional 1371 products are covered by REDs issued since August 1995, for which a product reregistration decision is not yet due under FIFRA.

Special Review

OPP completed a total of 10 Special Review decisions during FY 1996, meeting its target for the fiscal year.

Figure IV. Special Review Decisions vs. Targets in FY 1996

Bar Chart  Graphic

Risk Reduction Achieved Through Special Review

The following Special Review activities have resulted in risk reduction through label amendments, or provide information to OPP allowing the refinement of risk assessments to determine the need for further exposure reduction.

Table VI. Risk Reduction and Data Gathering
through Special Review in FY 1996

Pesticide

Risk(s)

Use Reduction

New Restricted Use

Increased Preharvest

&/or Reentry Intervals

Engineering Controls1

Additional Protective

Clothing

Major Data Requirements

Special Review Ended

Cyanazine

dietary, worker; cancer, ground & surface water contamination

X

X

X

Iprodione

dietary; cancer

X

X

Metam Sodium2

to workers; developmental

X

Methomyl

to workers; neurotoxicity

X

X

X

Molinate

to workers; reproductive

X

X

X

Propargite

dietary; cancer

X

Propoxur

to workers & residents; cancer

X

X

Telone

to workers & residents; cancer

X

X

X

Ag Reentry

to workers

X

1 E.g., mechanical and closed loading systems, application from within a closed cab, sealing fumigants in the soil with tarps, etc. Telone also included a buffer zone between treated areas and occupied buildings.

2 Sewer Treatment products only.

OPP Laboratory Accomplishments

Food Tolerance Method Validations (TMVs)

In order for FDA, USDA and the states to take appropriate regulatory action when residues exceed that which has been established by federal and state agencies, reliable chemical methods of analyses are required. Although the pesticide registrants are responsible for developing such methods, EPA determines if the methods are suitable for monitoring the nation's food supply. The Analytical Chemistry Lab, located in Beltsville, Maryland, is responsible for validating these methods. In FY 1996 the total number of TMVs completed at the laboratory increased by 66% from FY 1995. Of those, 27% of the TMVs were new uses of existing pesticides.

Environmental Chemistry Methods Validations (ECMs)

The Environmental Chemistry Laboratory in Mississippi determines the reliability and validity of pesticide soil and water residue methods. The environmental chemistry mthods (ECM) are used by the EPA regions and states to identify inadvertent pesticide residues in soil and water contaminated sites as well as being used for pesticide monitoring studies. There was a 26% increase in ECM validations completed in FY 1996 compared to last year's accomplishments.

Product Chemistry Method Validation (PCMs)

The Analytical Chemistry Laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, periodically tests the composition of pesticide products. This testing is known as product chemistry method (PCM) validation. The lab completed 27% more PCM validations in FY 1996 than it completed last year.

Bar Graphic

Pesticide Adverse Effects Reporting

FIFRA Section 6(a)(2) requires registrants to report to OPP any studies, incidents, or other information indicating new adverse effects of registered pesticides. This information helps OPP decide what action, if any, is necessary to reduce the risks posed by a particular pesticide.

Incidents. In FY 1996, the volume of reported incidents increased over the prior year. OPP received approximately 1500 submissions containing more than 9,200 incidents.

Studies. OPP screened over 400 adverse effects submissions consisting of studies and preliminary reports of possible adverse effects. Detailed information regarding the screening decisions and outcome of submissions warranting expedited review is available in the OPP Public Docket.

Chart Graphic

* The risk issues presented by these data are addressed by an upcoming Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) or Special Review.

Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP)
Table VII. PESP Partners and Supporters
Partners
American Association of Nurserymen American Corn Growers Association
American Electric Power (AEP) Service Corporation American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA)
Arizona Public Service Atlantic Electric
California Citrus Research Board California Pear Advisory Board
California Pear Growers California Tomato Board
Carolina Power & Light Cranberry Institute
Delmarva Power Duke Power Company
Eastern Utilities Edison Electric Institute
Florida Fruit & Vegetable Association Global Integrated Pest Management
Golf Course Superintendents Association of America Hawaii Agricultural Research Council
Hood River Grower-Shipper Association Mint Industry Research Council
Monroe County School Corporation National Potato Council
New England Vegetable & Berry Growers Association New Orleans Mosquito Control Board
New York State Gas & Electric Northern Indiana Public Service Company
Northwest Alfalfa Seed Growers Association Oregon-Washington-California Pear Bureau
Oregon Wheat Growers League Owen Speciality Services, Inc.
Pear Pest Management Research Fund Pebble Beach Company
Pennsylvania Electric Pennsylvania Power & Light
Pennsylvania Rural Electric Association Pineapple Growers Association of Hawaii
Processed Tomato Foundation Professional Lawn Care Association of America
Sun-Maid Growers of California South Dakota Cattelmen's Association
Tennessee Valley Authority Texas Pest Management Association
U.S. Apple Association (International Apple Institute) U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Utilicorp United
VA, MD, DE Association of Electric Cooperatives egetation Managers, Inc.
West Virginia Power Wisconsin Ginseng Growers Association
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

Supporters
Aqumix, Inc.
Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association
Campbell Soup Company
Del Monte
Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst National Office
Gempler's, Inc.
General Mills, Inc.
Gerber Products Company
Glades Crop Care, Inc.
United States Golf Association


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