[Senate Hearing 107-438]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
S. Hrg. 107-438
NOMINATION HEARING FOR ELSA A. MURANO AND EDWARD R. McPHERSON
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HEARING
before the
COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE,
NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY
UNITED STATES SENATE
ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
__________
SEPTEMBER 26, 2001
__________
Printed for the use of the
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.agriculture.senate.gov
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COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY
TOM HARKIN, Iowa, Chairman
PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana
KENT CONRAD, North Dakota JESSE HELMS, North Carolina
THOMAS A. DASCHLE, South Dakota THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi
MAX BAUCUS, Montana MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky
BLANCHE L. LINCOLN, Arkansas PAT ROBERTS, Kansas
ZELL MILLER, Georgia PETER G. FITZGERALD, Illinois
DEBBIE A. STABENOW, Michigan CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming
BEN NELSON, Nebraska WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado
MARK DAYTON, Minnesota TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas
PAUL DAVID WELLSTONE, Minnesota MICHEAL D. CRAPO, Idaho
Mark Halverson, Staff Director
David L. Johnson, Chief Counsel
Robert E. Sturm, Chief Clerk
Keith Luse, Staff Director for the Minority
(ii)
C O N T E N T S
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Page
Hearing(s):
Nomination Hearing for Elsa A. Murano and Edward R. McPherson.... 01
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Wednesday, September 26, 2001
STATEMENTS PRESENTED BY SENATORS
Harkin, Hon. Tom, a U.S. Senator from Iowa, Chairman, Committee
on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry........................ 01
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WITNESSES
McPherson, Edward R., of Dallas, Texas, to be Chief Financial
Officer, United States Department of Agriculture............... 04
Murano, Elsa A., of Bryan, Texas, to be Under Secretary for Food
Safety, United States Department of Agriculture................ 02
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APPENDIX
Prepared Statements:
McPherson, Edward R.......................................... 16
Murano, Elsa A............................................... 12
Document(s) Submitted for the Record:
McPherson, Edward R., Biography.............................. 47
Murano, Elsa A., Biography................................... 20
Opposition Letter for the Nomination of Elsa A. Murano....... 69
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NOMINATION HEARING: ELSA A. MURANO AND EDWARD R. McPHERSON
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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2001
U.S. Senate,
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry,
Washington, DC.
The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 12:35 p.m., in
room SD-106, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Tom Harkin,
[Chairman of the Committee], presiding.
Present or Submitting a Statement: Senators Harkin and
Lugar.
The Chairman. I would like to bring before the committee
Dr. Elsa Murano and Mr. Edward McPherson.
I as you both to stand and raise your right hand.
Do you both swear or affirm that the testimony you are
about to provide is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but
the truth, so help you God?
Mr. McPherson. I do.
Dr. Murano. I do.
The Chairman. Thank you. You may be seated.
I am required to ask a question of both Dr. Murano and Mr.
McPherson.
Do you agree that, if confirmed, you will appear before any
duly constituted committee of Congress, if asked to appear?
Ms. Murano. I do.
Mr. McPherson. I will, yes, sir.
The Chairman. Thank you both very much, and thank you for
your patience here today.
STATEMENT OF HON. TOM HARKIN, A U.S. SENATOR FROM IOWA,
CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE,
NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY
First, I want to welcome Dr. Elsa Murano, President Bush's
nominee to be Under Secretary for Food Safety at the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. The Under Secretary for Food Safety
is this country's highest-ranking food safety official. It is
one of our top scientific and public health appointments. It is
a position that is critical to ensuring the safety of our food
supply from contamination, either accidental or intentional.
This is a relatively new position. The 1994 USDA
Reorganization Act consolidated the USDA's food safety
activities within the Food Safety and Inspection Service and
created the Under Secretary for Food Safety position. The Under
Secretary position was created by Congress to elevate the
importance of food safety at USDA.
The reorganization recognized that FSIS was an essential
public health regulatory agency and a vital part of our public
health system. It is a position that must be filled by a person
with solid public health and scientific credentials, and I
think the administration has found just such a person in Dr.
Murano.
Dr. Murano is a recognized expert in food safety and has
held a variety of leadership positions in the field. Most
recently, Dr. Murano has been a professor at Texas A&M
University and Director of its Center for Food Safety. Of
greatest interest to me, however, was the five years that Dr.
Murano spent at Iowa State University, my alma mater, at the
linear accelerator facility. This, again, is something which I
believe can be very important not only to our food safety, but
for exports as well.
We also want to welcome Mr. McPherson, to be the Chief
Financial Officer for the USDA. Again, you have been nominated
to an important position. As CFO, you will have responsibility
for achieving effective financial management for the
Department. This will be a huge challenge.
The USDA does not have strong corporate financial systems.
Because of this and other reasons, USDA has not been able to
achieve a ``clean audit.'' It is one of only a few departments
that carries this mark of distinction.
Mr. McPherson, you have a job ahead of you, but I have read
your credentials and your background, and it is obvious that
you bring the right credentials and the right background to
this position.
We welcome both of you to the committee, and I will yield
to Senator Lugar for any opening comments.
Senator Lugar. Thank you very much, Senator Harkin. I just
have one question of each of the nominees, if that is
permissible at this point in our hearing.
The Chairman. We want to have them make an opening
statement first.
Senator Lugar. Oh, of course. I am sorry. We got ahead of
ourselves. You have not testified yet. I commend both the
nominees and look forward to your testimony.
The Chairman. Thank you.
I would recognize Dr. Murano now. Again, your full
statements will be made a part of the record in their entirety
and if you could just summarize those, we would deeply
appreciate it.
Dr. Murano.
STATEMENT OF ELSA A. MURANO, OF BRYAN, TEXAS, TO BE UNDER
SECRETARY FOR FOOD SAFETY, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
Dr. Murano. Thank you, Chairman Harkin and Ranking Member
Lugar, distinguished members of the committee, but there is
nobody else here except the two of you. I am greatly honored
and humbled to appear before you today as President Bush's
nominee for Under Secretary for Food Safety at the United
States Department of Agriculture. I would like to publicly
thank the President and Secretary Ann Veneman for their support
and for their trust in nominating me for this position.
I am a native of Havana, Cuba. My family and I emigrated to
the United States about 40 years ago. As a Cuban American, I
can proclaim to you without hesitation that we live in the
greatest country on the face of the Earth. America opened her
arms to Cubans fleeing Castro's regime, allowing me the
incredible opportunities that have led to my appearing before
you today.
On behalf of my family and countless Cuban Americans, I
thank the United States of America, my country, for standing up
for freedom and for the generosity and indomitable spirit of
her people.
It was 1961 when my parents, my brother George and I left
our homeland, settling in Puerto Rico, where I attended an
elementary school. A few years later, we moved to Miami,
Florida, where I worked my way through school, graduating with
a B.S. in biology from Florida International University.
I developed a deep interest in the medical field and in
public health, which guided me to earn an M.S. degree in
anaerobic microbiology and a Ph.D. in food science from
Virginia Tech. I also developed an appreciation for the field
of food microbiology, and decided to dedicate my life to the
study of bacteria which, although microscopic, are capable of
causing so many cases of food-borne illness each year in our
country and throughout the world.
As you know from reading my background documents, I have
been a researcher and teacher in the field of food safety, both
at Iowa State and Texas A&M Universities, and I think we know,
Mr. Chairman, which of those two you think is the best.
My research efforts have led me to investigate organisms
like Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and
salmonella--all the bad actors that have become household
words. My approach in this work has been to determine where
these pathogens are found, and to investigate safe methods that
can be used to control or eliminate them from farm to table.
Throughout my career as a researcher, I have become keenly
aware of the importance of sound scientific studies and how
these can help provide us with the critical information we need
to make decisions that will truly reduce the risk of food-borne
illness.
I have also observed the need for a proactive approach, one
that does not react to food safety crisis, but rather
anticipates risks. The events of September 11 are a reminder to
all of us that we need to be diligent in order to prevent
threats to our food supply as much as humanly possible.
As an educator, I have seen how education can become one of
our most effective tools in combatting food-borne illness.
Although I am aware of the great strides that have been made in
this arena with the FightBac campaign, there is still much to
be done.
My work in Latin America on HACCP training has opened my
eyes to the importance of helping those countries, of whom we
are a customer, to improve their food safety prevention
systems. I have also come to believe very strongly that
inclusion of all stakeholders working to attack the issues
rather than each other is the key to our success in decreasing
the risk of food-borne illness.
We are all in this together--government, and I mean not
only the agencies within USDA but other agencies that play a
role in food safety; consumers, industry, educators and
scientists. It is only through a team approach, working in
total transparency and standing on the truth of science, that
we will accomplish our goals for America of having the safest
food supply possible.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I look forward to working with you
and the members of the committee, if they ever return, on these
issues. Right now, I would be very happy to answer any
questions.
[The prepared statement of Dr. Murano can be found in the
appendix on page 12.]
The Chairman. Thank you, Dr. Murano. The only thing I would
take issue with you on is that some of those really aren't
household words; I still can't pronounce them.
Now, we turn to Mr. McPherson.
Mr. McPherson, again, your statement will be made a part of
the record in its entirety. Please proceed.
STATEMENT OF EDWARD R. McPHERSON, OF DALLAS, TEXAS, TO BE CHIEF
FINANCIAL OFFICER, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Mr. McPherson. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Senator Lugar,
members of the committee. I am honored to be here as the
President's choice for Chief Financial Officer of the
Department of Agriculture. I appreciate the opportunity to be
with you today so as to listen carefully to what is important
to you in serving every constituent of the Department of
Agriculture with skillful financial management.
My preparation for today's meeting actually began over 30
years ago, in Washington, when I served as a young Navy officer
in an intense assignment with the Defense Intelligence Agency.
Next, I gained insight into the Federal sector while with Booz-
Allen and Hamilton Public Administration Services.
Subsequently, I spent 15 years as a corporate executive in
the private sector, including serving as chief financial
officer for two large and active New York Stock Exchange
companies. For the past 13 years, as Chief Executive Officer of
InterSolve Group, my business has been executing the commercial
agenda of prominent American leaders by leading high-performing
project teams of Just-In-Time Talent.
Effective financial management at the Department of
Agriculture requires focus on the following issues: internal
control of accounting operations and data integrity based on
sound processes and integrated computing systems; solid cash
management and lending and credit practices; a culture which
values customer service and embraces the accountability of
service-level agreements and key performance factors;
resourceful deployment of financial assets and human capital;
useful and timely management information enabling anticipatory
decisionmaking and action; and, finally, clear communication
and partnership with those served by the Department of
Agriculture and those entrusted with setting policy, providing
funding, and overseeing its operations.
The Department of Agriculture has made progress in these
important areas. If confirmed, my role is to reduce the time
required, lower the risk, and achieve an attractive return from
this ongoing effort, resulting an in Agriculture Department as
known for skillful financial management as it is for the
successes of its missions and programs.
While one person with courage is often a majority, my
experience is that sustained high performance comes from the
collaborative effort of people energized toward common goals.
If confirmed, I will draw on my experience and judgment as a
corporate financial executive, as a successful owner and
entrepreneur, and my strong belief and trust in people to
achieve the financial management goals of the Department.
I am grateful for the love of my wife, Sally, for 32 years,
and of our children, Beth and Edward, all who support me in my
endeavors and help invent my life.
If confirmed, I look forward to working together with each
of you in achieving the results you seek in the vital work of
the Department of Agriculture.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
[The prepared statement of Mr. McPherson can be found in
the appendix on page 16.]
The Chairman. Very good. Thank you, Mr. McPherson.
Senator Lugar.
Senator Lugar. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
Dr. Murano, earlier this year the committee conducted a
hearing to receive testimony from Inspector General Viadero and
Administrator Billy regarding the operation of the Food Safety
and Inspector Service in the New York City and New Jersey
areas. No less than 10 criminal investigations are reportedly
underway at this time with regard to all of this.
If you are confirmed, it would be my hope that within 30
days you might provide the committee with a written plan for a
strategy to review the entire operation of the Food and Safety
Inspection Service, with particular reference to what we have
already looked into in New York and New Jersey, but more
broadly your own views of the rest of the Service.
Are you aware of the investigation in New York and does it
seem reasonable that within 30 days you could give us some
indication of your plan of action?
Dr. Murano. Senator, I am somewhat aware of that case.
Definitely, if I am confirmed, one of the important things to
do is to assess the state of the agency. When you consider that
one of the most important things that the agency does is to
inspect meat and poultry, it behooves us to assess the
effectiveness of our inspection system.
If I am confirmed, I will do my best to work with you and
anybody else on the committee, and certainly I know that I will
have the full cooperation of everybody at the agency behind me
to come up with a document as soon as I can to address these
issues and make sure that we are always vigilant, that our
inspectors are doing their job as they are supposed to.
Senator Lugar. Well, I thank you for that response.
Obviously, your nomination and confirmation are important so
that we can finally close that loop of leadership and not leave
a vacuum, because these ongoing investigations are important in
terms of the integrity and credibility of our system.
Mr. McPherson, the Chairman has raised in his introduction
of you the unfortunate fact that a clean audit has not come
from the United States Department of Agriculture. You have
certainly expressed in a very forthright way your own
experience in business and your views with regard to what you
anticipate you will do at USDA.
Specifically, having examined the situation, do you believe
that in a reasonably short period of time a clean audit will be
possible; in other words, the blemish that has been mentioned
quite appropriately by the chairman will be removed and the
Department over which we have oversight finally comes into its
own in terms of fiscal integrity?
Mr. McPherson. I do believe a solution is possible,
Senator, and the solution to fixing the Department's problems
with financial statements and enhancing the management
information that is available to all associates to lead and
manage the enterprise will include the following elements: No.
1, continuing strengthening the Department's internal controls
and data integrity by converting to improved core accounting
systems and the related work processes, especially those
focused on cash management, and promising tools such as the
data warehousing capability that is emerging that does support
the preparation of the consolidated financial statements; No.
2, as a practical matter, focusing on the important elements of
financial management at USDA which, as you know, range from
credit reform that addresses the Department's lending and
credit function to real property. In other words, my focus is
adding value to the actions where large amounts of money are
involved.
No. 3, having sufficient capacity in place in terms of
human talent. There are a number of very capable and competent
people that are working on these issues. The task going forward
is to augment them with the talent that have clear roles,
specific task plans, and the resources to produce sustainable
results cost-effectively. As I suggested, my role is to reduce
the time it takes to do those things, and lower the risk and
get an attractive return on the investment being made in these
initiatives.
Senator Lugar. Well, I appreciate those goals and your
articulation of them. In due course, however, we will get back
to whether we have a clean audit. The reason I raise this is
that over 15 years the Chairman and I have listened to many
Secretaries of Agriculture and their subordinates, and we have
found over the course of time, at least in the initial stages,
they could not even identify how many employees there were in
USDA, quite apart from the descriptions of stovepipe
mentalities, computers that did not express themselves to each
other, and during the Y2K crisis a whole raft of obsolescent
computers that finally were scrapped.
Now, these situations happen in a large bureaucracy of
100,000-plus people all over the country. It is not unusual
that there are accounting difficulties in terms of everybody
finding out where it all is. We are asking you to do that on
behalf of the Department and on behalf of good Government.
I appreciate your own analysis and I wish you well as you
try to get to the clean audit.
Mr. McPherson. I appreciate, Senator Lugar, your
articulation of the result that you seek and we all seek.
The Chairman. Thank you very much, Senator.
Mr. McPherson, that was really the only question I had for
you, and you responded quite forthrightly to that and I hope we
can get to that point of having a clean audit as soon as
possible.
Dr. Murano, with the recent events of two weeks and one day
ago, I hope we don't get tunnel vision in this country and
think that we only are going to have to look at airlines and
airplanes in terms of terrorist activities.
Certainly, one vulnerable point for us is, of course, in
our water and food supply. In terms of developing the proper
approaches, not just towards response but to prevention and
interdiction at an early point in time, it is going to be vital
that we develop this, and you will be playing an important and
key role in this effort.
When you get to the Department, I hope that you will report
back to this committee as soon as possible the need for any
additional resources or authorities that you think USDA needs
to ensure the biosecurity of our food and food supply systems
in this country.
I have been thinking about it in terms of HACCP. When we
developed HACCP over all those years, there are certain points
in our food processing where you know you are not going to get
contamination and there are certain critical points where it
can enter. That is what we wanted to look at. If you can
address those points, then you are fairly certain that you are
going to have a clean product at the end.
It seems to me that the same applies to our food security.
There are critical access points in the whole spectrum of our
food supply system in this country. There are critical access
points where terrorists and others who want to interrupt and
strike terror in people might be able to do something. We need
to identify those critical access points and make sure that we
have the security at those points.
I don't want to raise any undue fears, but I think we have
to be honest about it and we have to address it forthrightly.
If terrorists akin to those who did that awful thing two weeks
and a day ago were to do something to our food supply that just
raised a serious question in people's minds, it could be
devastating for our economy and for our people.
We have to be sure that we have those points covered, and
that is where I look for your input and your suggestions. We
need something soon. Maybe something exists--I don't know--in
terms of a plan of action or in terms of preventative measures.
Now, again, we focus on the response. What will be the
response if this happens? I want to get in front of that. What
do we do before that? We have to have both. If there is such a
plan, I would like to know about it. If not, I encourage you to
work with us. Like I said, if you need any additional resources
or authorities, I ask that you come back to us as soon as
possible so we can give you whatever you might need.
The second thing is on the pathogen standards. As you know,
when the rule was published in 1996 on HACCP and pathogen
reduction, we were moving ahead. The pathogen reduction part of
it was struck down in the Supreme Beef case, in Texas.
For some time now, we have been asking the industry to get
its act together and to provide us with some form of a solution
to this that we could move ahead on. I think we have been very
patient. I think the Chairman before me, sitting next to me,
was very patient on that. I have been very patient on that. We
have all been asking the industry to give us their best advice
and suggestions on how we address this. Well, it is just not
happening and so we need to have something.
One of your first tasks will be to decide how to approach
updating the salmonella performance standard. It is something I
think that we have to attend to, and I hope we can do that
before Congress adjourns this year. However, I don't know when
that is going to be. At the end, the standards have to be
enforceable. Whatever they are, they have got to be
enforceable, and so I just have a couple of questions.
Do you support having enforceable microbiological
performance standards, including pathogen reduction standards,
where at some point the Secretary of Agriculture withdraws an
inspection for failure to meet them?
Dr. Murano. Mr. Chairman, let me begin by saying that
having been a microbiologist for 17 years, I truly do
appreciate what microbiological standards are. I do also
believe very strongly that we need to have standards in order
to determine whether what we are doing or what industry is
doing at the processing level is actually accomplishing the
production of the safest food possible. There is no question
about that in my mind.
There is a study commissioned of the National Academy of
Sciences that is due to begin very soon to look exactly at that
issue that you just raised--the appropriate application of
performance standards. It is a crucial issue. It is one that is
going to help us tremendously to have the input of the
scientific community, top scientists working on this very
issue, to tell us what does science say that performance
standards are, what should they be, salmonella standards or any
other standards for that matter, and I look forward to that
report.
Prior to that report, I am also aware that the Food Safety
and Inspection Service, through their National Advisory
Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Food--they have
commissioned that advisory committee to also weigh in on this
issue. That committee's work will take a lot less time than the
National Academy of Sciences study, which is a good thing
because I agree with you. We need an answer to this as soon as
possible because a lot is riding on it.
I am confident this is the right way to approach. I know a
lot of the scientists on both the National Advisory Committee
and the NAS panel very well. I have complete confidence that
they will do the right thing in terms of approaching it from a
science base and be able to give us some guidance as to what we
should do.
The Chairman. Do you believe there is a role for pathogen
standards in a HACCP-based regulatory system?
Dr. Murano. Mr. Chairman, as I said, I believe that there
is a role for pathogen standards. The HACCP system itself, if
you look at it, relies on microbiological testing, which is at
the base of standards, to verify if a critical control point is
under control, to verify or validate the entire HACCP plan that
a plant has. It is a crucial part of the system.
The Chairman. I appreciate that. Thank you, Dr. Murano.
Those are the questions I had.
Do you have any followup?
Senator Lugar. No.
The Chairman. Well, I thank you both for your past
contributions both in the private and public sector and on the
research end. I thank you for your willingness to give of your
time and your expertise to devote to public service. I think it
is highly commendable.
I hope that before we adjourn this afternoon in the Senate,
we will be able to get both of your nominations through and
have you at the Department with all of the power and authority
that you need. With that, I want to thank you for being here.
The Chairman. I want to especially thank Senator Lugar for
all the time he has spent here today. Senator Lugar, as you
know, is also on the Foreign Relations Committee and very
heavily involved in all of the negotiations and things that are
going on right now with the administration and with other
countries. I think it is a mark of his intense interest in
agriculture and our food system that he would spend so much
time here today.
I just want you to know I personally appreciate it very
much, Senator Lugar.
With that, the Committee on Agriculture will stand
adjourned until the call of the Chair.
[Whereupon, at 1:03 p.m., the committee was adjourned.]
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A P P E N D I X
September 26, 2001
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DOCUMENTS SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD
September 26, 2001
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