OSHA 3114
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
U.S. Department of Labor
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA 3114
1997 (Revised)
This informational booklet is
intended to provide a generic, non-exhaustive overview of a particular
standards-related topic. This publication does not itself alter or determine
compliance responsibilities, which are
set forth in OSHA standards themselves and the Occupational Safety
and Health Act. Moreover, because
interpretations and enforcement policy
may change over time, for additional
guidance on OSHA compliance
requirements, the reader should
consult current administrative interpretations and decisions by the
Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission, and the courts.
Material contained in this publication
is in the public domain and may be
reproduced, fully or partially, without
permission of the Federal Government.
Source credit is requested but not
required.
This information will be made
available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.
Voice phone: (202) 219-8615;
Telecommunications Device for the
Deaf (TDD) message referral phone:
1-800-326-2577.
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
U.S. Department of Labor
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Gregory R. Watchman, Acting Assistant Secretary
OSHA 3114
1997 (Revised)
Contents
Introduction
Scope and
Application
Provision
of the Standard
Safety and Health Program
Workplan
Site Evaluation and Control
Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan
Information and Training Program
Personal Protective Equipment Program
Monitoring
Medical Surveillance
Decontamination Procedures
Emergency Response
Other Provisions
Engineering Controls and Work Practices
Handling and Labeling Drums and Containers
Sanitation of Temporary Workplaces
Recordkeeping
Hazard Communication
Standard (HCS)
Summary
Other Sources
of OSHA Assistance
Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines
State Programs
Consultation Services
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs)
Training and Education
Electronic Infomation
Emergencies
OSHA Related Publications
States with Approved
Plans
OSHA Consultation Project
Directory
OSHA Area Offices
OSHA Regional Offices
Introduction
The dumping of hazardous waste poses a significant threat to
the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA) 1995 data show that EPA managed about 277 million
metric tons of hazardous waste at licensed Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) sites.(1) Hazardous waste is a serious safety and health
problem that continues to endanger human
and animal life and environmental quality. Hazardous
waste -- discarded chemicals that are toxic, flammable or
corrosive -- can cause fires, explosions, and pollution of air,
water, and land. Unless hazardous waste is properly treated,
stored, or disposed of, it will continue to do great harm to all
living things that come into contact with it now or in the future.
Because of the seriousness of the safety and health hazards
related to hazardous waste operations, the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) issued its Hazardous Waste
Operations and Emergency Response Standard, Title 29 Code
of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910.120 (See Federal
Register 54 (42): 9294-9336, March 6, 1989) to protect workers
in this environment and to help them handle hazardous
wastes safely and effectively.
State, county, and municipal employees such as police,
ambulance workers, and firefighters with local fire departments
will be covered by the regulations issued by the 25 states
operating their own OSHA-approved safety and health programs
(see listing at the end of this booklet). EPA regulations
will cover these employees in states without state plans. These
regulations will be based on OSHA's standard.
This booklet discusses OSHA's requirements for hazardous
waste operations and emergency response at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites and treatment, storage, and disposal
(TSD) facilities and summarizes the steps an employer must
take to protect the health and safety of workers in these
environments.
Scope and Application
The standard covers workers in cleanup operations at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites and at EPA-licensed waste TSD
facilities; as well as workers responding to emergencies involving
hazardous materials (e.g., spills).
Provision of the Standard
Safety and Health Program
An effective and comprehensive safety and health program
is essential in reducing work-related injuries and illnesses and
in maintaining a safe and healthful work environment. The
standard, therefore, requires each employer to develop and
implement a written safety and health program that identifies,
evaluates, and controls safety and health hazards and provides
emergency response procedures for each hazardous waste site
or treatment, storage, and disposal facility. This written program
must include specific and detailed information on the
following topics:
- An organizational workplan,
- Site evaluation and control,
- A site-specific program,
- Information and training program,
- Personal protective equipment program,
- Monitoring,
- Medical surveillance program,
- Decontamination procedures, and
- Emergency response program.
The written safety and health program must be periodically
updated and made available to all affected employees, contractors,
and subcontractors. The employer also must inform
contractors and subcontractors, or their representatives, of any
identifiable safety and health hazards or potential fire or explosion
hazards before they enter the work site.
Each of the components of the safety and health program is
discussed in the following paragraphs.
Workplan
Planning is the key element in a hazardous waste control
program. Proper planning will greatly reduce worker hazards
at waste sites. A workplan should support the overall objectives
of the control program and provide procedures for implementation
and should incorporate the employer's standard
operating procedures for safety and health. Establishing a
chain of command will specify employer and employee responsibilities
in carrying out the safety and health program. For
example, the plan should include the following:
- Supervisor and employee responsibilities and means of
communication,
- Name of person who supervises all of the hazardous waste
operations, and
- The site supervisor with responsibility for and authority to
develop and implement the site safety and health program
and to verify compliance.
In addition to this organizational structure, the plan should
define the tasks and objectives of site operation as well as the
logistics and resources required to fulfill these tasks. For
example, the following topics should be addressed:
- The anticipated clean-up and/or operating procedures;
- A definition of work tasks and objectives and methods of
accomplishment;
- The established personnel requirements for implementing
the plan; and
- Procedures for implementing training, informational
programs, and medical surveillance requirements.
Necessary coordination between the general program and site-specific
activities also should be included in the actual operations workplan.
Site Evaluation and Control
Site evaluation, both initial and periodic, is crucial to the
safety and health of workers. Site evaluation provides employers
with the information needed to identify site hazards so
they can select appropriate protection methods for employees.
It is extremely important, and a requirement of the standard,
that a trained person conduct a preliminary evaluation of an
uncontrolled hazardous waste site before entering the site.
The evaluation must include all suspected conditions that are
immediately dangerous to life or health or that may cause
serious harm to employees (e.g., confined space entry, potentially
explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds,
etc.). As available, the evaluation must include the location
and size of the site, site topography, site accessibility by air
and roads, pathways for hazardous substances to disperse, a
description of worker duties, and the time needed to perform a
given task, as well as the present status and capabilities of the
emergency response teams.
Periodic reevaluations should also be conducted for
treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, as conditions or
operations change.
Controlling the activities of workers and the movement of
equipment is an important aspect of the overall safety and
health program. Effective control of the site will minimize
potential contamination of workers, protect the public from
hazards, and prevent vandalism. The following information is
useful in implementing the site control program: a site map,
site work zones, site communication, safe work practices, and
the name, location and phone number of the nearest medical
assistance.
The use of a "buddy system" also is required as a protective
measure to assist in the rescue of an employee who becomes
unconscious, trapped, or seriously disabled on site. In the
buddy system, two employees must keep an eye on each other
and only one should be in a specific dangerous area at one
time, so that if one gets in trouble, the second can call for help.
Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan
A site-specific safety and health plan is a complementary
program element that aids in eliminating or effectively controlling
anticipated safety and health hazards. The site-specific
plan must include all of the basic requirements of the overall
safety and health program, but with attention to those characteristics
unique to the particular site. For example, the site-specific
plan may outline procedures for confined space entry,
air and personal monitoring and environmental sampling, and a
spill containment program to address the particular hazards
present at the site.
The site safety and health plan must identify the hazards of
each phase of the specific site operation and must be kept at the
work site. Pre-entry briefings must be conducted prior to site
entry and at other times as necessary to ensure that employees
are aware of the site safety and health plan and its implementation.
The employer also must ensure that periodic safety and
health inspections are made of the site and that all known
deficiencies are corrected prior to work at the site.
Information and Training Program
As part of the safety and health program, employers are
required to develop and implement a program to inform workers
(including contractors and subcontractors) performing
hazardous waste operations of the level and degree of exposure
they are likely to encounter.
Employers also are required to develop and implement
procedures for introducing effective new technologies that
provide improved worker protection in hazardous waste
operations. Examples include foams, absorbents, adsorbents,
and neutralizers.
Training makes workers aware of the potential hazards they
may encounter and provides the necessary knowledge and
skills to perform their work with minimal risk to their safety
and health. The employer must develop a training program for
all employees exposed to safety and health hazards during
hazardous waste operations. Both supervisors and workers
must be trained to recognize hazards and to prevent them; to
select, care for and use respirators properly as well as other
types of personal protective equipment; to understand engineering
controls and their use; to use proper decontamination
procedures; to understand the emergency response plan, medical
surveillance requirements, confined space entry procedures,
spill containment program, and any appropriate work practices.
Workers also must know the names of personnel and their
alternates responsible for site safety and health. The amount of
instruction differs with the nature of the work operations, as
indicated in Tables 1 and 2.
Employees at all sites must not perform any hazardous waste
operations unless they have been trained to the level required
by their job function and responsibility and have been certified
by their instructor as having completed the necessary training.
All emergency responders must receive refresher training,
suffcient to maintain or demonstrate competency, annually.
Employee training requirements are further defined by the
nature of the work (e.g., temporary emergency response personnel,
firefighters, safety officers, HAZMAT personnel, and
incident commanders). These requirements may include
recognizing and knowing the hazardous materials and their
risks, knowing how to select and use appropriate personal
protective equipment, and knowing the appropriate control,
containment, or confinement procedures and how to implement them.
The specific training and competency requirements for
each personnel category are explained fully in the final rule
(FR54 42:9294, March 6, 1989). For a brief summary of
training requirements, see Tables 1 and 2.
Employees who receive the training specified (see Table 1)
must receive a written certificate upon successful completion
of that training. That training need not be repeated if the
employee goes to work at a new site; however, the employee
must receive whatever additional training is needed to work
safely at the new site. Employees who worked at hazardous
waste sites before 1987 and received equivalent training need
not repeat the initial training specified in Table 1, if the employer
can demonstrate that in writing and certify that the
employee has received such training.
Personal Protective Equipment Program
The standard further requires the employer to develop a
written personal protective equipment program for all employees
involved in hazardous waste operations. As mentioned
earlier, this program also is part of the site-specific safety and
health program. The personal protective equipment program
must include an explanation of equipment selection and use,
maintenance and storage, decontamination and disposal,
training and proper fit, donning and doffing procedures, inspection,
in-use monitoring, program evaluation, and equipment limitations.
The employer also must provide and require the use of
personal protective equipment where engineering control
methods are infeasible to reduce worker exposures at or below
the permissible exposure limit. Personal protective equipment
must be selected that is appropriate to the requirements and
limitations of the site, the task-specific conditions and duration,
and the hazards and potential hazards identified at the site. As
necessary, the employer must furnish the employee with positive-pressure
self-contained breathing apparatus or positive-pressure
air-line respirators equipped with an escape air supply,
and with totally encapsulating chemical protective suits.
Monitoring
Airborne contaminants can present a significant threat to
employee safety and health, thus making air monitoring an
important component of an effective safety and health program.
The employer must conduct monitoring before site entry at
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites to identify conditions
immediately dangerous to life and health, such as oxygen-deficient
atmospheres and areas where toxic substance exposures are
above permissible limits. Accurate information on the
identification and quantification of airborne contaminants is
useful for the following:
- Selecting personal protective equipment,
- Delineating areas where protection and controls are needed,
- Assessing the potential health effects of exposure, and
- Determining the need for specific medical monitoring.
After a hazardous waste cleanup operation begins, the
employer must periodically monitor those employees who are
likely to have higher exposures to determine if they have been
exposed to hazardous substances in excess of permissible
exposure limits. The employer also must monitor for any
potential condition that is immediately dangerous to life and
health or for higher exposures that may occur as a result of new
work operations.
Medical Surveillance
A medical surveillance program will help to assess and monitor
the health and fitness of employees working with hazardous substances.
The employer must establish a medical surveillance program for the following:
- All employees exposed or potentially exposed to hazardous
substances or health hazards above permissible exposure limits for more
than 30 days per year;
- Workers exposed above the published exposure levels (if there is no
permissible exposure limit for these substances) for 30 days or more a year;
- Workers who wear approved respirators for 30 or more days per year on site;
- Workers who are exposed to unexpected or emergency releases of hazardous
wastes above exposure limits (without wearing appropriate protective
equipment) or who show signs, symptoms, or illness that may have resulted
from exposure to hazardous substances; and
- Members of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) teams.
All examinations must be performed under the supervision of a licensed physician,
without cost to the employee, without loss of pay and at a reasonable
time and place. Examinations must include a medical and work history
with special emphasis on symptoms related to the handling of hazardous
substances and health hazards and to fitness for duty including the ability
to wear any required personal protective equipment under conditions that
may be expected at the work site. These examinations must be given as follows:
- Prior to job assignment and annually thereafter (or every 2 years
if a physician determines that is sufficient),
- At the termination of employment,(2)
- Before reassignment to an area where medical examinations are not required,
(2)
- If the examining physician believes that a periodic followup is medically
necessary, and
- As soon as possible for employees injured or becoming ill from exposure to
hazardous substances during an emergency, or who develop signs or symptoms of
overexposure from hazardous substances.
The employer must give the examining physician a copy of the standard and its
appendices, a description of the employee's duties relating to his or her
exposure, the exposure level or anticipated exposure level, a description
of any personal protective and respiratory equipment used or to be used, and
any information from previous medical examinations. The employer must
obtain a written opinion from the physician that contains the results of the
medical examination and any detected medical conditions that would place
the employee at an increased risk from exposure, any recommended limitations
on the employee or upon the use of personal protective equipment, and a
statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the medical
examination. The physician is not to reveal, in the written opinion
given to the employer, specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to
employment.
Decontamination Procedures
Decontamination procedures are a component of the site-specific
safety and health plan and, consequently, must be
developed, communicated to employees, and implemented
before workers enter a hazardous waste site. As necessary, the
site safety and health officer must require and monitor decontamination
of the employee or decontamination and disposal of
the employee's clothing and equipment, as well as the solvents
used for decontamination, before the employee leaves the work
area. If an employee's non-impermeable clothing becomes
grossly contaminated with hazardous substances, the employee
must immediately remove that clothing and take a shower.
Impermeable protective clothing must be decontaminated
before being removed by the employee.
Protective clothing and equipment must be decontaminated,
cleaned, laundered, maintained, or replaced to retain effectiveness.
The employer must inform any person who launders or
cleans such clothing or equipment of the potentially harmful
effects of exposure to hazardous substances.
Employees who are required to shower must be provided
showers and change rooms that meet the requirements of
29 CFR 1910.141, Subpart J -- General Environmental Controls.
In addition, unauthorized employees must not remove
their protective clothing or equipment from change rooms
unless authorized to do so.
Emergency Response
Proper emergency planning and response are important
elements of the safety and health program that help minimize
employee exposure and injury. The standard requires that the
employer develop and implement a written emergency response
plan to handle possible emergencies before performing
hazardous waste operations. The plan must include, at uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites and at treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities, the following elements:(3)
- Personnel roles, lines of authority, and communication
procedures,
- Pre-emergency planning,
- Emergency recognition and prevention,
- Emergency medical and first-aid treatment,
- Methods or procedures for alerting onsite
employees,
- Safe distances and places of refuge,
- Site security and control,
- Decontamination procedures,
- Critique of response and followup,
- Personal protective and emergency equipment, and
- Evacuation routes and procedures.
In addition to the above requirements, the plan must include
site topography, layout, and prevailing weather conditions; and
procedures for reporting incidents to local, state, and federal
government agencies.
The procedures must be compatible with and integrated into
the disaster, fire and/or emergency response plans of the site's
nearest local, state, and federal agencies. Emergency response
organizations may use the local or state emergency response
plans, or both, as part of their emergency response plan to
avoid duplication of federal regulations.
The plan requirements also must be rehearsed regularly,
reviewed periodically, and amended, as necessary, to keep them
current with new or changing site conditions or information. A
distinguishable and distinct alarm system must be in operation
to notify employees of emergencies. The emergency plan also
must be made available for inspection and copying by employees,
their representatives, OSHA personnel, and other governmental
agencies with relevant responsibilities.
When deemed necessary, employees must wear positive-pressure
self-contained breathing apparatus and approved self-contained
compressed-air breathing apparatus with approved
cylinders. In addition, back-up and first-aid support personnel
must be available for assistance or rescue.
Other Provisions
As already indicated, as part of an effective safety and health
program, the employer must institute control methods and
work practices that are appropriate to the specific characteristics
of the site. Such controls are essential to successful worker
protection. Some control methods are described in the following
paragraphs.
Engineering Controls and Work Practices
To the extent feasible, the employer must institute engineering
controls and work practices to help reduce and maintain
employee exposure at or below permissible exposure limits.
To the extent not feasible, engineering and work practice
controls may be supplemented with personal protective equipment.
Examples of suitable and feasible engineering controls
include the use or pressurized cabs or control booths on equipment,
and/or remotely operated materials handling equipment.
Examples of safe work practices include removing all non-essential
employees from potential exposure while opening
drums, wetting down dusty operations, and placing employees
upwind of potential hazards.
Handling and Labeling Drums and Containers
Prior to handling a drum or container, the employer must
assure that drums or containers meet the required OSHA, EPA
(40 CFR Parts 264-265 and 300), and Department of Transportation
(DOT) regulations (49 CFR Parts 171-178), and are
properly inspected and labeled. Damaged drums or containers
must be emptied of their contents, using a device classified for
the material being transferred, and must be properly discarded.
In areas where spills, leaks or ruptures occur, the employer
must furnish employees with salvage drums or containers, a
suitable quantity of absorbent material, and approved fire-extinguishing
equipment in the event of small fires. The
employer also must inform employees of the appropriate
hazard warnings of labeled drums, the removal of soil or
coverings, and the dangers of handling unlabeled drums or
containers without prior identification of their contents. To the
extent feasible, the moving of drums or containers must be kept
to a minimum, and a program must be implemented to contain
and isolate hazardous substances being transferred into drums
or containers. In addition, an approved EPA ground-penetrating
device must be used to determine the location and depth of any
improperly discarded drums or containers.
The employer also must ensure that safe work practices are
instituted before opening a drum or container. For example,
air-line respirators and approved electrical equipment must be
protected from possible contamination, and all equipment must
be kept behind any existing explosion barrier.(4)
Only tools or equipment that prevent ignition shall be used.
All employees not performing the operation shall be located at
a safe distance and behind a suitable barrier to protect them
from accidental explosions. In addition, standing on or working
from drums or containers is prohibited. Special care also
must be given when an employee handles containers of shock-sensitive
waste, explosive materials, or laboratory waste packs.
Where an emergency exists, the employer must ensure the
following:
- Evacuate non-essential employees from the transfer area;
- Protect equipment operators from exploding containers by
using a barrier, and
- Make available a continuous means of communication
(e.g., suitable radios or telephones), and a distinguishable
and distinct alarm system to signal the beginning
and end of activities where explosive wastes are handled.
If drums or containers bulge or swell or show crystalline
material on the outside, they must not be moved onto or from
the site unless appropriate containment procedures have been
implemented. In addition, lab packs must be opened only
when necessary and only by a qualified person. Prior to shipment
to a licensed disposal facility, all drums or containers
must be properly labeled and packaged for shipment. Staging
areas also must be kept to a minimum and provided with
adequate access and egress routes.
Sanitation of Temporary Workplaces
Each temporary worksite must have a supply of potable
water that is stored in tightly closed and clearly labelled containers
and equipped with a tap. Disposable cups and a receptacle
for cup disposal also must be provided. The employer
also must clearly mark all water outlets that are unsafe for
drinking, washing, or cooking. Temporary worksites must be
equipped with toilet facilities. If there are no sanitary sewers
close to or on the hazardous waste site, the employer must
provide the following toilet facilities unless prohibited by local
codes:
- Privies,
- Chemical toilets,
- Recirculating toilets, or
- Combustion toilets.
Heated, well-ventilated, and well-lighted sleeping quarters must
be provided for workers who guard the worksite. In addition,
washing facilities for all workers must be near the worksite, within
controlled work zones,(5) and so equipped to enable employees to
remove hazardous substances. The employer also must ensure
that food service facilities are licensed.
Recordkeeping
In 1988, OSHA revised the standard requiring employers to
provide employees with information to assist in the management
of their own safety and health. The standard, Access to
Employee Exposure and Medical Records (29 CFR 1910.20),
permits direct access to these records by employees exposed to
hazardous materials, or by their designated representatives, and
by OSHA. The rule applies to, but does not require, medical
and exposure records maintained by the employer.
The employer must keep exposure records for 30 years and
medical records for at least the duration of employment plus 30
years. Records of employees who have worked for less than 1
year need not be retained after employment, but the employer
must provide these records to the employee upon termination
of employment. First-aid records of one-time treatment need
not be retained for any specified period.
The employer must inform each employee of the existence,
location, and availability of these records. Whenever an
employer plans to stop doing business and there is no successor
employer to receive and maintain these records, the employer
must notify employees of their right to access to records at
least 3 months before the employer ceases to do business. At
the same time, employers also must notify the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Under the hazardous waste standard, at a minimum, medical
records must include the following information:
- Employee's name and social security number
- Physicians' written opinions,
- Employee's medical complaints related to exposure to
hazardous substances, and
- Information provided to the treating physician.
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986 (SARA) requires employers covered by the Hazard
Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910. 1200) to maintain
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) and submit such information
to State emergency response commissions, local emergency
planning committees, and the local fire department.
Under this requirement, employers covered by HCS must
provide chemical hazard information to both employees and
surrounding communities. Consequently, in the case of an
emergency response situation to hazardous substances at a site,
the local fire department may already be aware of the chemicals
present at the site since data may have been provided
through MSDSs.
Summary
Hazardous wastes, when not handled properly, can pose a
significant safety and health risk. OSHA recognizes the need
to improve the quality of the hazardous waste work environment
and has, therefore, issued this standard. This standard
provides employers and employees with the information and
training necessary to improve workplace safety and health,
thereby greatly reducing the number of injuries and illnesses
resulting from exposure to hazardous waste.
Other Sources of OSHA Assistance
Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines
Effective management of worker safety and health protection
is a decisive factor in reducing the extent and severity of work-related
injuries and illnesses and their related costs. To assist
employers and employees in developing effective safety and
health programs, OSHA published recommended Safety and
Health Program Management Guidelines (Federal Register 54
(18): 3908-3916, January 26, 1989). These voluntary guidelines
apply to all places of employment covered by OSHA.
The guidelines identify four general elements that are critical
to the development of a successful safety and health management
program:
- management commitment and employee involvement,
- worksite analysis,
- hazard prevention and control, and
- safety and health training.
The guidelines recommend specific actions under each of
these general elements to achieve an effective safety and health
program. A single free copy of the guidelines can be obtained
from the U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA Publications,
P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535, by sending a
self-addressed mail label with your request. See also OSHA's
Web site (http://www.osha.gov/) for these and other agency
items.
State Programs
The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 encourages
states to develop and operate their own job safety and health
plans. States with plans approved under section 18(b) of the
OSH Act must adopt standards and enforce requirements that
are at least as effective as federal requirements. There are
currently 25 state plan states: 23 of these states administer plans
covering both private and public (state and local government)
employees; the other 2 states, Connecticut and New York,
cover public employees only. Plan states must adopt standards
comparable to federal requirements within 6 months of a federal
standard's promulgation. Until such time as a state standard is
promulgated, federal OSHA provides interim enforcement
assistance, as appropriate, in these states. A listing of approved
state plans appears at the end of this publication.
Consultation Services
Consultation assistance is available on request to employers
who want help in establishing and maintaining a safe and
healthful workplace. Largely funded by OSHA, the service is
provided at no cost to the employer. Primarily developed for
smaller employers with more hazardous operations, the consultation
service is delivered by state government agencies or
universities employing professional safety consultants and
health consultants. Comprehensive assistance includes an
appraisal of all mechanical physical work practices, and environmental
hazards of the workplace and all aspects of the
employer's present job safety and health program.
The program is separate from OSHA's inspection efforts.
No penalties are proposed or citations issued for any safety or
health problems identified by the consultant. The service is
confidential.
For more information concerning consultation assistance, see
the list of consultation projects at the end of this publication.
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs)
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs) and onsite consultation
services, when coupled with an effective enforcement
program, expand worker protection to help meet the goals of the
OSH Act. The three VPPs -- Star, Merit, and Demonstration --
are designed to recognize outstanding achievement by companies
that have successfully incorporated comprehensive safety
and health programs into their total management system. They
motivate others to achieve excellent safety and health results in
the same outstanding way as they establish a cooperative
relationship among employers, employees, and OSHA.
For additional information on VPPs and how to apply,
contact the OSHA area or regional offices listed at the end of
this publication, or visit OSHA's Web site at http://www.osha.gov/
Training and Education
OSHA's area offices offer a variety of informational services,
such as publications, audiovisual aids, technical advice,
and speakers for special engagements. OSHA's Training
Institute in Des Plaines, IL, provides basic and advanced
courses in safety and health for federal and state compliance
officers, state consultants, federal agency personnel, and
private sector employers, employees, and their representatives.
OSHA also provides funds to nonprofit organizations,
through grants, to conduct workplace training and education in
subjects where OSHA believes there is a lack of workplace
training. Grants are awarded annually and grant recipients are
expected to contribute 20 percent of the total grant cost.
For more information on grants, training and education,
contact the OSHA Training Institute, Office of Training and
Education, 1555 Times Drive, Des Plaines, IL 60018,
(847) 297-4810; (847) 297-4874 fax.
For further information on any OSHA program, contact your
nearest OSHA area or regional office listed at the end of this
publication.
Electronic Information
Internet -- OSHA standards, interpretations, directives, and
additional information are now on the World Wide Web at
http://www.osha.gov/
CD-ROM -- A wide variety of OSHA materials including
standards, interpretations, directives, and more can be purchased
on the OSHA CD-ROM from the Government Printing Office.
Emergencies
For life-threatening situations, call (800) 321-OSHA. Complaints
will go immediately to the nearest OSHA area or state
office for help.
For further information on any OSHA program, contact your
nearest OSHA area or regional office listed at the end of this
publication.
OSHA Related Publications
Single, free copies of the following publications can be
obtained from the U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA Publications,
P.O. Box 37535, Washington, DC 20013-7535, (202)
219-4667, (202) 219-9266 (fax), or from the nearest OSHA
reigonal or area office listed at the end of this publication.
Send a self-addressed mailing label with your request.
-
- Access to Medical and Exposure Records - OSHA 3110
- All About OSHA - OSHA 2056
- Chemical Hazard Communication - OSHA 3084
- Consultation Services for the Employer - OSHA 3047
- How to Prepare for Workplace Emergencies - OSHA 3088
- Materials Handling and Storage - OSHA 2236
- Personal Protective Equipment - OSHA 3151
- Respiratory Protection - OSHA 3079
The kit and the guidelines are available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402, (202) 512-1800. The kit order no. is
029-016-00147-6; cost $18.00 (foreign - $22.50).
The guidelines order no. is 029-016-00163-8; cost $1.50.
Hazard Communication -- A Compliance Kit - OSHA 3104
(A reference guide to step-by-step requirements for
compliance with the OSHA standard.)
Hazard Communication Guidelines for Compliance - OSHA 3111
Emergency Response Guidebook - U.S. Department of
Transportation, Publication No. DOT-P- 5800-4, 1987. (Available
from J.J. Keller Customer Service Center, 1-800-327-6868. Price $7.45).
Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual
for Hazardous Waste Site Activities - NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Publication No. DHHS (NIOSH) No. 85-115, 1985. (Available
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, (202) 512-1820,
GPO Order No. 017-033-00419-6, $11.00).
States with Approved Plans
Commissioner
Alaska Department of Labor
1111 West 8th Street Room 306
Juneau, AK 99801
(907) 465-2700
Director
Industrial Commission of Arizona
800 W. Washington
Phoenix, AZ 85007
(602) 542-5795
Director
California Department of Industrial Relations
45 Fremont Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 972-8835
Commissioner
Connecticut Department of Labor
200 Folly Brook Boulevard
Wethersfield, CT 06109
(860) 566-5123
Director
Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations
830 Punchbowl Street
Honolulu, HI 96813
(808) 586-8844
Commissioner
Indiana Department of Labor
State Office Building
402 West Washington Street Room W195
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 232-2378
Commissioner
Iowa Division of Labor Services
1000 E. Grand Avenue
Des Moines, IA 50319
(515) 281-3447
Secretary
Kentucky Labor Cabinet
1047 U.S. Highway, 127 South Suite 2
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502) 564-3070
Commissioner
Maryland Division of Labor and Industry
Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation
1100 N. Eutaw Street, Room 613
Baltimore, MD 21202-2206
(410) 767-2999
Director
Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services
4th Floor, Law Building
P.O. Box 30004
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 373-7230
Commissioner
Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry
443 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
(612) 296-2342
Director
Nevada Division of Industrial Relations
400 West King Street
Carson City, NV 89710
(702) 687-3032
Secretary
New Mexico Environment Department
1190 St. Francis Drive
P.O. Box 26110
Santa Fe, NM 87502
(505) 827-2850
Commissioner
New York Department of Labor
W. Averell Harriman State Office Building -12 Room 500
Albany, NY 12240
(518) 457-2741
Commissioner
North Carolina Department of Labor
319 Chapanoke Road
Raleigh, NC 27603
(919) 662-4585
Administrator
Department of Consumer and Business Services
Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA)
350 Winter Street, N.E. Room 430
Salem, OR 97310
(503) 378-3272
Secretary
Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources
Prudencio Rivera Martinez Building
505 Munoz Rivera Avenue
Hato Rey, PR 00918
(809) 754-2119
Commissioner
South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation
110 Centerview Drive
P.O. Box 11329
Columbia, SC 29211-1329
(803) 734-9594
Comissioner
Tennessee Department of Labor
Attention: Robert Taylor
710 James Robertson Parkway
Nashville, TN 37243-0659
(615) 741-2582
Comissioner
Industrial Commission of Utah
160 East 300 South, 3rd Floor
P.O. Box 146600
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6600
(801) 530-6898
Commissioner
Vermont Department of Labor and Industry
National Life Building - Drawer 20
120 State Street
Montpelier, VT 05620
(802) 828-2288
Commissioner
Virgin Islands Department of Labor
2131 Hospital Street Box 890
Christiansted
St. Croix, VI 00820-4666
(809) 773-1994
Commissioner
Virginia Department of Labor and Industry
Powers-Taylor Building
13 South 13th Street
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 786-2377
Director
Washington Department of Labor and Industries
General Administration Building
P.O. Box 44001
Olympia, WA 98504-4001
(360) 902-4200
Administrator
Workers' Safety and Compensation Division (WSC)
Wyoming Department of Employment
Herschler Building 2nd Floor East
122 West 25th Street
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307) 777-7786
OSHA Consultation Project Directory
State | Telephone |
| |
Alabama | (205) 348-7136 |
Alaska | (907) 269-4957 |
Arizona | (602) 542-5795 |
Arkansas | (501) 682-4532 |
California | (415) 972-8515 |
Colorado | (970) 491-6151 |
Connecticut | (860) 566-4550 |
Delaware | (302) 761-8219 |
District of Columbia | (202) 576-6339 |
Florida | (904) 488-3044 |
Georgia | (404) 894-2646 |
Guam | (671) 475-0136 |
Hawaii | (808) 568-9100 |
Idaho | (208) 385-3283 |
Illinois | (312) 814-2337 |
Indiana | (317) 232-2688 |
Iowa | (515) 965-7162 |
Kansas | (913) 296-7476 |
Kentucky | (502) 564-6895 |
Louisiana | (504) 342-9601 |
Maine | (207) 624-6460 |
Maryland | (410) 880-4970 |
Massachusetts | (617) 727-3982 |
Michigan | (517) 332-1817(H) |
| (517) 322-1809(S) |
Minnesota | (612) 297-2393 |
Mississippi | (601) 987-3981 |
Missouri | (573) 751-3403 |
Montana | (406) 444-6418 |
Nebraska | (402) 471-4717 |
Nevada | (702) 486-5016 |
New Hampshire | (603) 271-2024 |
New Jersey | (609) 292-2424 |
New Mexico | (505) 827-4230 |
New York | (518) 457-2481 |
North Carolina | (919) 662-4644 |
North Dakota | (701) 328-5188 |
Ohio | (614) 644-2246 |
Oklahoma | (405) 528-1500 |
Oregon | (503) 378-3272 |
Pennsylvania | (412) 357-2561 |
Puerto Rico | (787) 754-2188 |
Rhode Island | (401) 277-2438 |
South Carolina | (803) 734-9614 |
South Dakota | (605) 688-4101 |
Tennessee | (615) 741-7036 |
Texas | (512) 440-3809 |
Utah | (801) 530-7606 |
Vermont | (802) 828-2765 |
Virginia | (804) 786-6359 |
Virgin Islands | (809) 772-1315 |
Washington | (360) 902-5638 |
West Virginia | (304) 558-7890 |
Wisconsin | (608) 266-8579(H) |
| (414) 521-5063(S) |
Wyoming | (307) 777-3546 |
(H) - Health
(S) - Safety
OSHA Area Offices
Area | Telephone |
| |
Albany, NY | (518) 464-4338 |
Albuquerque, NM | (505) 248-5302 |
Allentown, PA | (610) 776-0592 |
Anchorage, AK | (907) 271-5152 |
Appleton, WI | (414) 734-4521 |
Austin, TX | (512) 916-5783 |
Avenel, NJ | (908) 750-3270 |
Baltimore, MD | (410) 962-2840 |
Bangor, ME | (207) 941-8177 |
Baton Rouge, LA | (504) 389-0474 |
Bayside, NY | (718) 279-9060 |
Bellevue, WA | (206) 553-7520 |
Billings, MT | (406) 247-7494 |
Birmingham, AL | (205) 731-1534 |
Bismarck, ND | (701) 250-4521 |
Boise, ID | (208) 334-1867 |
Bowmansville, NY | (716) 684-3891 |
Braintree, MA | (617) 565-6924 |
Bridgeport, CT | (203) 579-5581 |
Calumet City, IL | (708) 891-3800 |
Carson City, NV | (702) 885-6963 |
Charleston, WV | (304) 347-5937 |
Cincinnati, OH | (513) 841-4132 |
Cleveland, OH | (216) 522-3818 |
Columbia, SC | (803) 765-5904 |
Columbus, OH | (614) 469-5582 |
Concord, NH | (603) 225-1629 |
Corpus Christi, TX | (512) 888-3420 |
Dallas, TX | (214) 320-2400 |
Denver, CO | (303) 844-5285 |
Des Plaines, IL | (847) 803-4800 |
Des Moines, IA | (515) 284-4794 |
Englewood, CO | (303) 843-4500 |
Erie, PA | (814) 833-5758 |
Fort Lauderdale, FL | (305) 424-0242 |
Fort Worth, TX | (817) 428-2470 |
Frankfort, KY | (502) 227-7024 |
Harrisburg, PA | (717) 782-3902 |
Hartford, CT | (860) 240-3152 |
Hasbrouck Heights, NJ | (201) 288-1700 |
Guaynabo, PA | (787) 277-1560 |
Honolulu, HI | (808) 541-2685 |
Houston, TX | (281) 286-0583 |
Houston, TX | (281) 591-2438 |
Indianapolis, IN | (317) 226-7290 |
Jackson, MS | (601) 965-4606 |
Jacksonville, FL | (904) 232-2895 |
Kansas City, MO | (816) 483-9531 |
Lansing, MI | (517) 377-1892 |
Little Rock, AR | (501) 324-6291 |
Lubbock, TX | (806) 472-7681 |
Madison, WI | (608) 264-5388 |
Marlton, NJ | (609) 757-5181 |
Methuen, MA | (617) 565-8110 |
Milwaukee, WI | (414) 297-3315 |
Minneapolis, MN | (612) 664-4560 |
Mobile, AL | (334) 441-6131 |
Nashville, TN | (615) 781-5423 |
New York, NY | (212) 466-2482 |
Norfolk, VA | (804) 441-3820 |
North Aurora, IL | (630) 896-8700 |
Oklahoma City, OK | (405) 231-5351 |
Omaha, NE | (402) 221-3182 |
Parsippany, NJ | (201) 263-1003 |
Peoria, IL | (309) 671-7033 |
Philadelphia, PA | (215) 597-4955 |
Phoenix, AZ | (602) 640-2007 |
Pittsburgh, PA | (412) 644-2903 |
Portland, OR | (503) 326-2251 |
Providence, RI | (401) 528-4669 |
Raleigh, NC | (919) 856-4770 |
Salt Lake City, UT | (801) 524-5080 |
Sacramento, CA | (916) 566-7470 |
San Diego, CA | (619) 557-2909 |
Savannah, GA | (912) 652-4393 |
Smyrna, GA | (404) 984-8700 |
Springfield, MA | (413) 785-0123 |
St. Louis, MO | (314) 425-4249 |
Syracuse, NY | (315) 451-0808 |
Tampa, FL | (813) 626-1177 |
Tarrytown, NY | (914) 524-7510 |
Toledo, OH | (419) 259-7542 |
Tucker, GA | (770) 493-6644 |
Westbury, NY | (516) 334-3344 |
Wichita, KS | (316) 269-6644 |
Wilkes-Barre, PA | (717) 826-6538 |
Wilmington, DE | (302) 573-6115 |
OSHA Regional Offices
Region I
(CT,* MA, ME, NH, RI, VT*)
JFK Federal Building Room E-340
Boston, MA 02203
Telephone: (617) 565-9860
Region II
(NJ, NY,* PR,* VI*)
201 Varick Street Room 670
New York, NY 10014
Telephone: (212) 337-2378
Region III
(DC, DE, MD,* PA, VA,* WV)
Gateway Building, Suite 2100
3535 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Telephone: (215) 596-1201
Region IV
(AL, FL, GA, KY,* MS, NC,
SC,* TN*)
Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, S. W., Room 6T50
Atlanta, GA 30303
Telephone: (404) 562-2300
Region V
(IL, IN,* MI,* MN,* OH, WI)
230 South Dearborn Street Room 3244
Chicago, IL 60604
Telephone: (312) 353-2220
Region VI
(AR, LA, NM,* OK, TX)
525 Griffin Street Room 602
Dallas, TX 75202
Telephone: (214) 767-4731
Region VII
(IA,* KS, MO, NE)
City Center Square
1100 Main Street, Suite 800
Kansas City, MO 64105
Telephone: (816) 426-5861
Region VIII
(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT,* WY*)
1999 Broadway, Suite 1690
Denver, CO 80202-5716
Telephone: (303) 844-1600
Region IX
(American Samoa, AZ,* CA,*
Guam, HI,* NV,* Trust Territories
of the Pacific)
71 Stevenson Street Room 420
San Francisco, CA 94105
Telephone: (415) 975-4310
Region X
(AK,* ID, OR,* WA*)
1111 Third Avenue, Suite 715
Seattle, WA 98101-3212
Telephone: (206) 553-5930
Footnote(1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, The Hazardous Waste System (Washington, DC, 1995), p. ES-2. (Back to Text)
Footnote(2) If the employee has not had an examination within the last 6 months. (Back to Text)
Footnote(3) Emergency response to the release of hazardous substances beyond cleanup and
TSD sites must also have plans that include these elements and other specific
requirements as indicated in 1910.120 (q). (Back to Text)
Footnote(4) A physical barricade, natural or man-made, that has been designed and constructed
of sufficient thickness and density to withstand or deflect the impact loads
of an adjacent explosion. (Back to Text)
Footnote(5) A designated work area within the worksite. (Back to Text)
Footnote(*) These states and territories operate their own OSHA-approved job safety and
health programs (Connecticut and New York plans cover public employees only).
States with approved programs must have a standard that is identical to, or at least as
effective as, the federal standard. (Back to Text)
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