Alternative Farming Systems Economic Aspects, QB 98-01

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Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricultural Library
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Compiled By:
Karl R. Schneider
Reference Section
Reference and User Services Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

Compiled For:
The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, http://afsic.nal.usda.gov
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Ave., Room 123
Beltsville, MD 20705-2351

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC)

The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC) is one of several topic-oriented Information Centers at the National Agricultural Library (NAL). The Library, located in Beltsville, Maryland, is the foremost agricultural library in the world, and is one of four U.S. national libraries along with the Library of Congress, the National Library of Medicine, and the National Library of Education. AFSIC is supported, in part, by USDAs Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program.

AFSIC specializes in locating and accessing information related to non-conventional cropping systems including sustainable, organic, low-input, biodynamic, and regenerative agriculture. AFSIC also focuses on alternative crops, new uses for traditional crops, and crops grown for industrial production.

AFSIC staff create and publish Quick Bibliographies (QB), Special Reference Briefs (SRB) and Agri-Topics (AT). These publications focus on specific topics of current interest. Most AFSIC publications are available in ASCII text through this website under "AFSIC Publications". To obtain AFSIC publications on computer diskette, or in hardcopy (limited availability), please make requests by contacting the AFSIC office by phone, mail, or e-mail. A complete list/printable order form of all AFSIC publications and format availability is available http://afsic.nal.usda.gov/publications.

Books, articles, and videocassettes cited in AFSIC bibliographic publications are not available directly from AFSIC. Information on obtaining these materials is available from the National Agricultural Library at http://www.nal.usda.gov/nal-services/request-library-materials.

Specific topics not covered by AFSIC QBs, SRBs and ATs may be addressed, on request, by AFSIC reference staff through brief, complementary database searches.

For further information concerning the services and activities of the Center, contact:

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
National Agricultural Library, Rm 304
10301 Baltimore Ave.
Beltsville MD 20705-2351
Telephone: 301/504-6559 or 301/504-5724
FAX: 301/504-6409
TDD/TTY: 301/504-6856
(use lower case letters only)

Alternative Farming Systems - Economic Aspects
Compilers Notes

This publication was produced for the Alternative Farming Systems Information Center. The search producing this bibliographic listing was constructed to be both broad and deep, covering all aspects of economics in relation to any farming system or production alternative. Only a few (2 percent) of the items originally retrieved were excluded. Items were excluded because they were not specific enough to either or both of the concepts, alternative farming systems, or economic impacts. Materials in any language were included.

Karl R. Schneider
Reference Librarian, Reference Section
telephone: (301) 504-5204
e-mail: [email protected]

Search Strategy

SET   DESCRIPTION

#1   (FARM or FARMS or FARMING or GARDEN or GARDENS or GARDENING or AGRICULTURE or AGRICULTURAL) in TI,DE

#2   (ORGANIC or SUSTAINABLE or ALTERNATIVE* or REGENERATIVE or (LOW near1 INPUT) or BIODYNAMIC or (FRENCH near1 INTENSIVE) or ECOLOGIC or ECOLOGICAL or (NON near1 CHEMICAL) or NATURE or NATURAL) in TI,DE

#3   (AGROECOLOG* or (AGRO near1 (ECOLOGY or ECOLOLOGIC)) or LISA or (GREEN near1 (MOVEMENT or MOVEMENTS or COALITION or PARTY or PARTIES))) in TI,DE

#4   (NO or LOW or LESS or LOWER or LOWERS or LOWERING or LOWERED or REDUCED or REDUCING or REDUCTION or WITHOUT) in TI,DE

#5   (FERTILISER or FERTILISERS or FERTILIZER or FERTILIZERS or INPUT or INPUTS or CHEMICAL or CHEMICALS or FUEL or FUELS or DIESEL or GAS or GASOLINE or PETROLEUM or PETROCHEMICAL* or POISON or POISONS) in TI,DE

#6   (PESTICIDE or PESTICIDES or HERBICIDE or HERBICIDES or FUNGICIDE or FUNGICIDES or MITICIDE or MITICIDES or INSECTICIDE or INSECTICIDES or RODENTICIDE or RODENTICIDES or FUMIGATE or FUMIGATION or FUMIGANT or FUMIGANTS) in TI,DE

#7   (ANTIBIOTIC or ANTIBIOTICS or MEDICATION or MEDICATIONS or MEDICINE or MEDICINES or VACCINE or VACCINES or VACINATION or VACINATIONS or AGROCHEMICAL or AGROCHEMICALS) in TI,DE

#8   E* in CC) or ((ECONOMIC or ECONOMICAL or ECONOMICS or ECONOMY or VALUE or VALUABLE or COST or COSTS or GAIN or GAINS or GAINED or LOSS or LOSSES or LOSING or RETURN or RETURNS or PROFIT or PROFITS) in TI,DE)

#9   (YIELD or YIELDS or YIELDING or PRODUCING or PRODUCED or PRODUCTION or INCOME or (BOTTOM near1 LINE)) in TI, DE

#10   (#1 near3 #2) or #3

#11   #4 near5 (#5 or #6 or #7)

#12   #11 or #10

#13   #12 and (#8 or #9)

#14   #13 and (ud >9606)

QB 98-01

1.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.K562--1994
1993-1994 U.C. Cooperative Extension : production practices and sample costs for organic processing tomatoes in the Sacramento Valley. U.C. Cooperative Extension. Production practices and sample costs for organic processing tomatoes in the Sacramento Valley.
Klonsky, K.; Tourte, L.; Chaney, D.; University of California (System). Cooperative Extension. [Oakland, Calif. : The Extension, 1994?] 24 p., Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 16).
Descriptors: Organic-farming-California-Cost-of- operation; Tomatoes-California-Costs; Tomato-growers-California

2.
NAL Call No.: HD1484.A15--1996
1996 CSA Farm Network. CSA Farm Network. Community Supported Agriculture. Community Supported Agriculture Farm Network.
Northeast Organic Farming Association. Stillwater, NY : CSA Farm Network (130 Ruckytucks Rd., Stillwater, NY 12170), c1996. 88 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: CSA-Farm-Network-Northeastern-States; Agriculture,-Cooperative-Northeastern-States; Alternative- agriculture-Northeastern-States; Sustainable-agriculture- Northeastern-States; Organic-farming-Northeastern-States

3.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.A17
2020 brief : a 2020 vision for food, agriculture, and theenvironment. 2020 vision. Two thousand twenty brief.
International Food Policy Research Institute. Washington, D.C. : IFPRI, [1994- v. : ill.
Title from caption.
Descriptors: Food-supply; Sustainable-agriculture- Economic-aspects; Sustainable-agriculture-Environmental-aspects; Economic-development-Environmental-aspects

4.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
The ability of barley to compete with weeds.
Doll, H. Biol agric hortic v.14(1): p.43-51. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; varieties; crop-weed- competition; competitive-ability; weeds; species-diversity; growth; dry-matter-accumulation; sowing-rates; crop-density; plant-density; crop-yield; grain; weed-control; chemical-control; cultural-control; crop-management; alternative-farming; biodynamic-farming; conventional-farming

5.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.5.A33--1997
Adding values to our food system : an economic analysis of sustainable community food systems.
USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. Everson, Wash. : Integrity Systems Cooperative, [1997] 85, [15] p., Cover title. "February, 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-85).
Descriptors: Farm-produce-Marketing; Alternative- agriculture; Agriculture,-Cooperative

6.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5S867-1997
The adoption of alternative farming enterprises in Ireland's less favoured areas.
Cawley, M.; Gillmor, D. A.; McDonagh, P. Sustainable rural development. Aldershot ; Brookfield, USA : Ashgate, c1997. p. 93-112.
Paper presented at the Sixteenth Congress of the European Society for Rural Sociology, August 1995, Prague, Czech Republic. Includes references.

7.
NAL Call No.: HD9014.C23S35--1996
Agri-Food Innovation Fund : plans & programs.
Saskatchewan. Agri Food Innovation Fund. [Regina?] : Canada- Saskatchewan Agri-Food Innovation Agreement, [1996] 48 p., Cover title.
Descriptors: Saskatchewan-Agri-Food-Innovation-Fund; Horticultural-products-industry-Saskatchewan; Agricultural- biotechnology-Economic-aspects-Saskatchewan; Sustainable- agriculture-Economic-aspects-Saskatchewan; Food-industry-and- trade-Saskatchewan

8.
NAL Call No.: S475.B6A46--1996
La agricultura sostenible y el medio rural en Bolivia : comentarios a una propuesta.
Inter American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. Agencia de Cooperacion Tecnica en Bolivia. Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales. La Paz, Bolivia : Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura, Agencia de Cooperacion Tecnica en Bolivia : Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, [1996] 256 p. : ill., "Junio 1996"-- T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Bolivia; Rural- development-Bolivia

9.
NAL Call No.: S471.I3J385--1997
Agricultural development in South Asia : a comparative study in the green revolution experiences. 1st ed.
Jasbir Singh, 1. New Delhi : National Book Organisation, 1997. xxix, 633 p. : maps, Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Descriptors: Green-revolution-South-Asia; Sustainable- agriculture-South-Asia; Rural-development-South-Asia; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-South-Asia; Agricultural- resources-South-Asia-Management

10.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A372--1997
Agricultural production and nutrition.
Lockeretz, W.; Tufts University. School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Medford, MA : School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 1997. vi, 213 p. : ill., maps, "September 1997" "Proceedings of a conference held in Boston, Massachusetts, March 19-21, 1997, and organized by the Tufts University School of Nutrition Science and Policy" Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Organic-farming-Congresses; Natural-foods- Public-opinion-Congresses; Agricultural-productivity-Congresses; Food-Quality-Congresses; Nutrition-Congresses

11.
NAL Call No.: HD1917.A35--1994
Agricultural restructuring and rural change in Europe.
Symes, D.; Jansen, A. J.; European Congress for Rural Sociology (16th : 1993 : Wageningen, N. Wageningen : Agricultural University, 1994. ix, 324 p. : ill., "The origins of this volume of collected papers lie in the XVIth European Congress of [sic] Rural Sociology, held in Wageningen, The Netherlands, from the 2nd to the 6th of August 1993 under the title Agricultural Change, Rural Society and the State"--P. ix. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-Europe-Congresses; Rural-development-Europe-Congresses; Agriculture-Environmental- aspects-Europe-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Europe- Congreses; Europe-Rural-conditions-Congresses

12.
NAL Call No.: HD1433.B34--1996
Agriculture and nature protection--from conflict to cooperation. Landwirtschaft und Naturschutz-- vom Konflikt zur Kooperation : eine institutionenokonomische Analyse.
Bahner, T. 1. Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, c1996. 288 p. : ill., Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Universitat Witten/Hardecke, 1996. Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-288).
Descriptors: Agriculture-Economic-aspects; Conservation-of-natural-resources; Debt-equity-conversion; Public-goods; Institutional-economics

13.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.5.A372--1995
Agriculture and sustainable development. Agricultura y desarrollo sostenible.
Cadenas Marin, A. Madrid : Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, Secretaria General Tecnica, [1995?] 480 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture; Sustainable- development; Food-industry-and-trade

14.
NAL Call No.: HF1379.A37--1996
Agriculture, trade, and the environment : discovering and measuring the critical linkages. Agriculture, trade & the environment.
Bredahl, M. E. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, c1996. viii, 311 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: International-trade-Environmental-aspects; Sustainable-agriculture; Environmental-policy; Commercial-policy- Environmental-aspects

15.
NAL Call No.: HC13.I544-1996
An agroecological approach to sustainable agriculture.
Amien, I. Multiple objective decision making for land, water, and environmental management proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems MODSS for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications / International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications. Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers, c1998. p. 465-480.
Meeting held September 1996 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Edited by S.A. El-Swaify and D.S. Yakowitz. Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-development; expert-systems; cropping-systems; tropics; sumatra; java

16.
NAL Call No.: HC10.S63
Agroecology in Mexico: linking environmental and indigenous struggles.
Carruthers, D. V. Soc nat resour v.10(3): p.259-272. (1997 May-1997 June)
Special Issue: The Politics and Policies of Sustainable Agriculture. Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; sustainability; economic-development; traditional-farming; mexico; traditional- ecological-knowledge

17.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.A45A373--1995
Agroforestry for natural resource management and sustainable food production in the Sahel : a research strategy. Agroforesterie pour la gestion des ressources naturelles et une production durable dans le Sahel : une strategie de recherche.
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry. Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (Burkina Faso). Nairobi, Kenya : International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, 1995. 25, 27 p. : maps, "A collaborative programme between ICRAF and Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (CNRST) Burkina Faso ..."
Descriptors: Agroforestry-Sahel; Arid-regions- agriculture-Sahel; Agricultural-resources-Sahel-Management; Sustainable-agriculture-Sahel

18.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76-no.47
Agronomic viability and potential economic performance of three organic four year rotations without livestock, 1988- 1995.
Bulson, H. A. J.; Welsh, J. P.; Stopes, C. E.; Woodward, L. Rotations and cropping systems, 16-18 December 1996, Churchill College, Cambridge. Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK : AAB Office c/o Horticulture Research International, [1996]. p. 277- 286.
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming

19.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Agrosilvopastoral systems: a practical approach toward sustainable agriculture.
Russo, R. O. J sustain agric v.7(4): p.5-17. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agrosilvopastoral-systems; sustainability; agricultural-production

20
NAL Call No.: QD1.A45-no.582
Allelopathy and sustainable agriculture.
Chou, C. H. Allelopathy organisms, processes, and applications. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1995. p. 211-223.
Developed from a meeting sponsored by the Botanical Society ofAmerica Section of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, August 1-5, 1993, Ames, Iowa. Includes references.
Descriptors: allelopathy; sustainability; weed-control; crop-yield; crop-residues; oxygen; phytotoxins; rotations; flooding; autointoxication
Abstract: Allelopathy, a detrimental biochemical interaction between plants, plays an important role in weed control and crop productivity in Taiwan. The extracts of many dominant plants, such as Delonix regia, Digitaria decumbens, Leucaena leucocephala, and Vitex negundo, contain allelopathic compounds, including phenolic acids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. These can be used as natural herbicides, fungicides, etc. which are less disruptive of the global ecosystem than are synthetic agrochemicals. Many important crops, such as rice, sugarcane, and mungbean, are affected by their own toxic exudates or by phytotoxins produced when their residues decompose in the soil. For example, in Taiwan the yield of the second annual rice crop is typically 25% lower than that of the first, due to phytotoxins produced during the fallowing period between crops. Autointoxication can tee minimized by eliminating, or preventing the formation of the phytotoxins through field treatments such as crop rotation, water draining, water flooding, and the polymerization of phytotoxic phenolics into a humic complex. By understanding and applying allelopathy we can sustainably maximize crop yields while minimizing disruptive and costly chemical input.

21.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Alternative agriculture: the basics.
Keller, K. Small farm today v.14(2): p.19-20. (1997 Apr.-1997 May)
Descriptors: alternative-farming; diversification; sustainability

22.
NAL Call No.: aZ5074.A815S36--1987
Alternative farming systems-economic aspects, 1970-1986 : 124 citations.
Schneider, K. 1.; National Agricultural Library (U.S.). Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, [1987] 3, 14, 3 p., Cover title. Shipping list no.: 87-202-P. "Database searched: AGRICOLA." "March 1987." Includes index. SUDOCS: A 17.18/4:87-31.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United- States-Bibliography

23.
NAL Call No.: aZ5071.N3
Alternative farming systems--economic aspects: March 1993-June 1996.
Schneider, K. Quick-bibliogr-ser. Beltsville, Md. National Agricultural Library. Sept 1996. (96-08) 130 p.
Updates QB 93-17.

24.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Alternative forages.
Bay, T. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 77-83.

Descriptors: fodder-crops; crop-production; alternative-farming; low-input-agriculture; profitability; dairy-cattle; cattle- feeding; forage; crop-quality; energy-consumption; Wisconsin; alternative-crops

25.
NAL Call No.: Z5074.E4L36--1997
Alternativer Landbau und feministische Naturwissenschaftskritik : eine Bibliographie mit Kommentar.
Landschulze, M. Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, 1997. 211 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-105) and index.
Descriptors: Alternative-agriculture-Bibliography; Women-in-agriculture-Bibliography

26.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
Alternatives for nitrogen nutrition of crops in tropical agriculture.
Dobereiner, J.; Urquiaga, S.; Boddey, R. M. Fertil res v.42(1/3): p.339-346. (1995)
In the special issue: Nitrogen economy in tropical soils / edited by N. Ahmad. Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; alternative-farming; crop-production; nitrogen-fertilizers; nutrient-sources; nitrogen-fixation; technology; tropical-soils; nitrogen-fixing-bacteria; endophytes; poaceae; fabaceae; nitrogen-fixing-trees; agroforestry; green-manures; pasture- legumes; fuel-crops; soil-fertility; brazil; biological-nitrogen- fixation
Abstract: The development of sustainable agricultural systems for the tropics requires among other technologies, alternatives for nitrogen fertilizers which are often limited in availability for financial reasons and also represent a major source of groundwater and air pollution. There are many new alternatives for the development of agricultural systems which make use of biological processes in soil. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), that is, the biological conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen into mineral N, is the most important alternative among them. Examples are given of the impact of various technologies used in Brazil. Soybean, introduced into the country 30 years ago, is now the second most important export crop, reaching 24 million tons annually with no N fertilizer application. Consequently, Brazil today is the country in the world which uses the lowest amounts of nitrogen fertilizers in relation to phosphate. Alternatives for crop rotations and pastures are also discussed. Possibilities of expanding BNF to cereals and other non-legume crops are gaining new credibility due to the identification of endophytic associations with diazotropic bacteria. The definite proof of substantial BNF in sugar cane with N balance and 15N methods in certain genotypes selected under low N fertilizer applications opens up new alternatives for sustainable agriculture and will be the key to viable big-fuel programmes.

27.
NAL Call No.: HD101.S6
Alternatives for small farm survival: government policies versus the free market.
Tweeten, L. G.; Amponsah, W. A. J agric appl econ v.28(1): p.88-98. (1996 July)
Paper presented at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association, Annual Meeting, February 3-7, 1996, Greensboro, North Carolina. Discussion by M.C. Ahearn, p. 95-98. Includes references.
Descriptors: federal-programs; resource-allocation; markets; rural-development; usa
Abstract: This paper briefly outlines a topology of small farms and then considers the role of the government versus the market in key public policies such as commodity income support, environment, stability, research, and rural development. A number of options are explored for public policy to better serve small farms, including drastic alternatives such as graduated property taxes on farmland, with exemptions or lower rates for small farms. These and other alternatives are not necessarily recommended. Improved extension education and human resource development offer some of the most promising public policy opportunities to help small farmers.

28.
NAL Call No.: SB13.I52
Analysis of crop performance in research on inulin, fibre and oilseed crops.
Meijer, W. J. M.; Mathijssen, E. W. J. M. Ind crop prod v.5(4): p.253-264. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cichorium-intybus; helianthus-tuberosus; inulin; cannabis-sativa; linum-usitatissimum; fiber-plants; crambe-abyssinica; brassica; oilseed-plants; crop-production; alternative-farming; productivity; solar-radiation; use- efficiency; light-relations; dry-matter-accumulation; developmental-stages; vegetative-period; sexual-reproduction; growth-rate; new-crops; novel-crops

29.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Analysis of deforestation and economically sustainable farming systems under pressure of population growth and income constraints at the village level in Tanzania.
Kaoneka, A. R. S.; Solberg, B. Agric ecosyst environ v.62(1): p.59-70. (1997 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; population-growth; population-pressure; deforestation; land-use; income; food-consumption; linear-models; tanzania

30.
NAL Call No.: 281.9--Io93-no.34
Analysis of some farm program alternatives for the future : farm income and government costs with government land purchase, land rental or easement purchase with and without grazing rights for added beef production.
Heady, E. O. 1.; Madsen, H. C. 1.; Mayer, L. V. [Ames, Iowa] : Center for Agricultural and Economic Development, Iowa State University, [1969] iii, 48 p. : ill., "April 1969." Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-United-States

31.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Annual grass control in corn (Zea mays) with primisulfuron combined with nicosulfuron.
Rabaey, T. L.; Harvey, R. G. Weed technol v.11(1): p.171-175. (1997 Jan.-1997 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; weed-control; eriochloa-villosa; setaria-faberi; panicum-miliaceum; chemical-control; sulfonylurea-herbicides; herbicide-mixtures; efficacy; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; grain; Wisconsin

32.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Assessing the sustainability of smallholder tree crop production in the tropics: a methodological outline.
Herzog, F.; Gotsch, N. J sustain agric v.11(4): p.13-37. (1998)
Includes references.
Descriptors: theobroma-cacao; crop-production; sustainability; assessment; methodology; intensive-cropping; low- input-agriculture; intensification; shading; economic-indicators; social-indicators; indicators; small-farms; tropics; west-africa; extensive-cropping; ecological-indicators

33.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8554
Assisting resource-poor, small-scale farmers with adoption of low-input technologies through a client participation program of cooperative research and extension at the Rural Development Center near Salinas, California.
Gersper, P. L. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Western Region. [1988-. 1993. 11 p.
SARE Project Number: LW-91-30. Record includes appendices.
Descriptors: small-farms; farmers; innovation-adoption; low-input-agriculture; sustainability; educational-programs; rural-communities; california; district-of-columbia; resource- poor-farmers; sustainable-farming-practices

34.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Attitudes and practices of sustainable farmers, with applications to designing a sustainable agriculture extension program.
Hanson, J. C.; Kauffman, C. S.; Schauer, A. J sustain agric v.6(2/3): p.135-156. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; farmers'- attitudes; farm-management; diffusion-of-information; extension; educational-programs; program-development; surveys; alternative- farming; low-input-agriculture; usa

35.
NAL Call No.: S589.76.A8M34--1996
Australian agriculture and the environment.
McLennan, W.; Australian Bureau of Statistics. [Canberra] : Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996. viii, 145 p. : ill., maps, Catalogue no. 4606.0. Includes tables. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Environmental-aspects- Australia-Statistics; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Australia- Statistics; Environmental-monitoring-Australia-Statistics; Sustainable-agriculture-Australia-Statistics

36.
NAL Call No.: 64.9-Am3-no.60
Balancing agriculture with physical and economic environment in eastern and central Europe with special reference to Poland.
Ragland, J.; Kukula, S. Agriculture and environment bridging food production and environmental protection in developing countries proceedings of an international symposium sponsored by Division A-6 of the American Society of Agronomy in Cincinnati, OH, 7-12 November 1993. Madison, Wis., USA : American Society of Agronomy : Crop Science Society of America : Soil Science Society of America, 1995. p. 181-205.
Includes references.
Descriptors: market-economies; capitalist-countries; subsidies; farm-inputs; crop-yield; crop-production; environmental-impact; pollution; economic-situation; communism; productivity; health-hazards; agricultural-land; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; market-competition; farm-size; private- ownership; poland; central-europe

37.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Biodynamic preparations cause opposite yield effects depending upon yield levels.
Raupp, J.; Konig, U. J. Biol agric hortic v.13(2): p.175-188. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crops; agricultural-soils; sprays; soil- amendments; crop-yield; yield-increases; data-analysis; organic- farming; germany; biodynamic-agriculture; horn-manure; horn- silica

38.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
Biodynamic vs. conventional farming effects on soil structure expressed by stimulated potential productivity.
Droogers, P.; Bouma, J. Soil Sci Soc Am j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America. Sept/Oct 1996. v. 60 (5) p. 1554-1558.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; alternative-farming; sustainability; assessment; agricultural-soils; soil-morphology; bulk-density; porosity; soil-organic-matter; hydraulic- conductivity; soil-water-retention; soil-water-content; soil- water-potential; solanum-tuberosum; crop-yield; dry-matter- accumulation; tubers; climatic-factors; simulation-models; production-possibilities; alternative-versus-conventional- farming; water-limited-yield
Abstract: Effects of alternative farming systems on soil structure need to be quantified to judge the sustainability of the systems. This study was conducted to compare two farming systems by converting "static" basic soil properties into a "dynamic" assessment using simulation modeling. Increasingly popular biodynamic farming systems use no commercial fertilizers and pesticides but apply organic manure and compost. Soil conditions on four fields on two farms where biodynamic and conventional soil management had been practiced for about 70 yr were investigated with morphological and physical methods. Soils (loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Fluvaquents) were pedologically identical. Four procedures were used to express differences in soil structure as a function of different management: (i) morphological description; (ii) measurement of basic and static soil parameters such as bulk density, organic matter, and porosity; (iii) measurement of soil hydraulic characteristics; and (iv) determination of simulated water-limited yields. The latter procedure provides a criterion that is quantitative, is directly related to a practical aspect of soil behavior, and reflects the highly nonlinear soil-water processes. The WAVE simulation model was used to predict water-limited potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields with climatic data of 30 yr. Basic static soil parameters were not significantly different but simulated yields were significantly different and were 10 200 and 10 300 vs. 9400 and 9700 kg dry matter tuber yield ha-1 yr-1 for the biodynamic and the conventional fields, respectively. Simulation modeling of crop yields thus provides a relevant expression for the production potential of the two different. farming systems.

39.
NAL Call No.: S473.Z55W66--1995
Biotechnology and sustainable crop production in Zimbabwe.
Woodend, J. J.; Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development. Development Centre. Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, [1995] 79 p., "December 1995"--Cover. "General distribution." "OCDE/GD(95)137." Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Zimbabwe; Plant- biotechnology-Zimbabwe

40.
NAL Call No.: HD1033.R63--1997
Call of the country : collected papers on land use.
Roberts, B. R. Toowoomba, Qld. : USQ Press, c1997. 357 p. : ill., maps, Includes bibliographical references (p. 329- 342).
Descriptors: Land-use,-Rural-Planning; Land-use,-Rural- Environmental-aspects; Sustainable-agriculture; Conservation-of- natural-resources

41.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Can biotechnology contribute to sustainable agriculture.
Mannion, A. M. J sustain agric v.11(4): p.51-75. (1998)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-production; farming-systems; sustainability; intensification; world; land-use; biodiversity; biotechnology; applications; social-impact; economic-impact

42.
NAL Call No.: 64.8-C883
Canopy light interception, gas exchange, and biomass in reduced height isolines of winter wheat.
Gent, M. P. N. Crop sci v.35(6): p.1636-1642. (1995 Nov.-1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; winter-wheat; lines; plant-height; light; interception; gas-exchange; canopy; photosynthesis; leaf-area-index; biomass-production; dry-matter- accumulation; dwarfing; stems; height; crop-yield; yield- components; harvest-index; connecticut
Abstract: A reduction in stem height may reduce light interception and thus reduce canopy gas exchange and biomass accumulation of winter wheat. This hypothesis was tested with 16 reduced height isolines in a hard red winter wheat background (Triticum aestivum L. cv Itana). These isolines were grown in the field in Hamden, CT, in 1991, 1992, and 1993, and biomass accumulation, leaf area index, light interception, and canopy gas exchange were measured throughout plant development. Comparisons were made between the four height classes: dwarf (Rht1Rht2), semidwarf Rht1 (Rht1rht2), semidwarf Rht2 (rht1Rht2), and tall (rht1rht2). Biomass of tall isolines was more than 20% greater than that of dwarf isolines early in development in each year and at maturity in 1991. Light interception of tall isolines was 20% greater than that of dwarf isolines during stem elongation in 1992 and at boot stage in 1993. Canopy photosynthesis of tall isolines was also more than 20% greater than that of dwarf isolines early in stem elongation in 1991 and 1992. After spike emergence, canopy light interception and photosynthesis did not differ among height classes. The low biomass of dwarf isolines was attributed to reduced light interception and canopy photosynthesis before spike emergence, compared with the taller isolines. Semidwarf isolines did not differ consistently from tall isolines in either biomass, light interception, or canopy photosynthesis, but semidwarf isolines had greater harvest index. Averaged across the three years, wheat plants of semidwarf stature yielded more than those with either tall or dwarf stature.

43.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Carrot (Daucus carota) and weed response to linuron and metribuzin applied at different crop stages.
Bellinder, R. R.; Kirkwyland, J. J.; Wallace, R. W. Weed technol v.11(2): p.235-240. (1997 Apr.-1997 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: daucus-carota; weed-control; chemical- control; chenopodium-album; amaranthus-retroflexus; linuron; metribuzin; application-date; timing; crop-growth-stage; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; abiotic-injuries; crop- yield; yield-losses; new-york; daucus-carota-var; -sativa

44.
NAL Call No.: 281.8-C16
A case study approach to comparing weed management strategies under alternative farming systems in Ontario.
Stonehouse, D. P.; Weise, S. F.; Sheardown, T.; Gill, R. S.; Swanton, C. J. Can j agric econ v.44(1): p.81-99. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cash-crops; weed-control; alternative- farming; farm-surveys; farm-management; decision-making; crop- yield; resource-utilization; productivity; profitability; linear- programming; case-studies; ontario

45.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86C45
CGIAR news. CGIAR news (1994 : Online). CGIAR newsletters. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research news.
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. [Washington, D.C.] : The Group, 1994.
Title from caption.
Descriptors: Consultative-Group-on-International- Agricultural-Research-Periodicals; Sustainable-agriculture- Developing-countries-Periodicals; Agriculture-International- cooperation-Periodicals

46.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.F665--no.21
Challenges to the 2020 vision for Latin America : food and agriculture since 1970.
Garrett, J. L. Washington, D.C. : International Food Policy Research Institute, 1997. viii, 39 p., "June 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-39).
Descriptors: Food-supply-Latin-America; Sustainable- agriculture-Latin-America

47.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Changing market dynamics for small-scale vegetable producers.
Zimet, D. Small farm today v.14(1): p.44. (1997 Feb.- 1997 Mar.)
Descriptors: vegetables; marketing; vegetable-growing; organic-farming; small-farms

48.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A3N6
Choosing between alternative farming systems: an application of the analytic hierarchy process.
Mawampanga, M. N.; Debertin, D. L. Rev agric econ v.18(3): p.385-401. (1996 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; farming-systems; farm-management; decision-making; decision-analysis; data- collection; farm-surveys
Abstract: Sustainable development, (development that enhances the environment), is an issue that affects all aspects of life. This issue has great significance for farmers. In choosing between conventional farming systems and alternative, more environmentally-friendly farming systems, farmers must weigh and prioritize different objectives. In addition to profitability, these objectives include issues related to the health of the farmer and the farm family and consumer concerns. To choose the most appropriate farming system (conventional or alternative), farmers must not only assign weights to each farming system, but also assign individual weights to the underlying objectives related to profitability, health concerns, and environmental issues. This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze farmer's opinions on how they compare different objectives in choosing a farming system from a set of three alternatives. These alternatives are: a conventional farming system that relies heavily on agricultural chemicals; an organic farming system that does not use any purchased agricultural chemicals at all; and a biological farming system in which commercial fertilizers are replaced primarily, but not exclusively, by natural nutrients and where biological controls are favored over chemical pesticides. A mail survey of selected farmers provided data for this analysis. The farmers interviewed for this study ranked biological farming first, conventional farming second, and organic farming last. The surveyed farmers did not assign the top rank to the profit maximization objective. Instead, health concerns received the highest rank (weight) followed by profit maximization. sustainability and concern for the environment.

49.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Combining alternative and conventional systems for environmental gains.
Painter, K. M.; Young, D. L.; Granatstein, D. M.; Mulla, D. J. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Spring 1995. v. 10 (2) p. 88- 96.
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; rotations; low-input- agriculture; sustainability; cropping-systems; comparisons; environmental-impact; erosion; leaching; pesticides; nitrate; losses-from-soil; triticum-aestivum; winter-wheat; pisum-sativum; elymus-hispidus; green-manures; medicago-sativa; poa-pratensis; economic-evaluation; profitability; costs; returns; agricultural- policy; federal-programs; linear-programming; mathematical- models; washington; conventional-cropping-systems; profit- maximizing-cropping-systems
Abstract: Two conventional cropping systems (winter wheat/dry peas and winter wheat/spring barley/dry peas) in the dryland grain region of southeastern Washington were compared with several alternative systems regarding profitability and environmental impacts. Two of the alternative systems use green manure crops and have low fertilizer and pesticide requirements. The remaining two are otherwise conventional rotations modified to include soil-building crops, bluegrass seed and rapeseed. Estimates of annual off-site erosion damage ranged from $6.56 to $20.50 per rotational acre, while on-site damage estimates ranged from $0.50 to $1.55 per rotational acre. Estimated leaching losses of pesticides to a water table 3.6 feet deep were negligible, but significant leaching losses of nitrate-N were predicted to occur from fall-applied inorganic fertilizer. Including bluegrass in a conventional grain rotation increased estimated net returns over variable costs by 16% and decreased soil loss by 33% compared with the most profitable conventional rotation. The next most profitable alternative system, rapeseed plus a conventional grain rotation, had slightly higher net returns over variable costs than the second most profitable conventional rotation, with slightly less soil loss. When fixed costs of machinery depreciation and land are included, the alternative systems fared relatively better. An experimental wheat/pea/medic system had higher projected net returns over total costs than the most profitable conventional rotation, while averaging just one-third as much soil loss per year. A wheat/barley/sweetclover green manure rotation was similar in profitability to the less profitable conventional rotation, but had. only two-thirds as much soil loss. We constructed a mixed- integer linear programming model to determine the profit maximizing combination of conventional and alternative rotations under 1990 farm bill provisions. Planting all or nearly all land to the bluegrass plus conventional grain rotation maximized returns over total costs for high, medium, and low program crop price scenarios. Farmers maximized profit by participating in both the wheat and barley programs under the low price scenario, only in the wheat program with moderate prices, and in neither the wheat nor the barley program under the high price scenario.

50.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Commercial experience in developing ley farming systems for the Katherine-Darwin region, Northern Territory.
Price, T. P.; O'Gara, F. O.; Smith, E. S. C.; Pitkethley, R.; Hausler, P. Aust j exp agric v.36(8): p.1059-1067. (1996)
Paper presented at a Workshop on conservation farming for the semi-arid tropics, July 18-20, 1995, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Includes references.
Descriptors: ley-farming; crop-production; crops; pastures; animal-production; cattle; innovation-adoption; weeds; insect-pests; plant-diseases; alternative-farming; northern- territory; commercial-adoption

51.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Commercial organic citrus production in Florida.
Ferguson, J. J.; Swisher, M. E.; Monaghan, P. Proc-annu-meet- Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society,. June 1995. v. 107 p. 26-29.
Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus; organic-farming; commercial- farming; farm-surveys; acreage; cultural-methods; florida

52.
NAL Call No.: HD1491.U62C24--1996
Community food systems : sustaining farms and people in the emerging economy : conference proceedings, Davis, California, October 2-3, 1996.
Feenstra, G.; Campbell, D.; Chaney, D. Davis, CA : University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, [1997] vi, 104 p., "September 1997." Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture,-Cooperative-California- Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-California-Congresses; Alternative-agriculture-California-Congresses

53.
NAL Call No.: HD2131.5.C65--1996
Comparative economic advantage of alternative agricultural production activities in Zambia.
Saasa, O. S.; University of Zambia. Institute for African Studies. [Lusaka] : Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia, [1996] iii, 70 leaves, "November 30, 1996." Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Alternative-agriculture-Economic-aspects- Zambia

54.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8553
Comparative economic and ecological analysis of lower chemical input fruit farms and other fruit farming systems.
Dickinson, J. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects North Central Region. [1988-. 1994. 32 p.
SARE Project Number: LNC 91-37. Reporting period for this report is September 1991 to May 1994. This is a final report.
Descriptors: small-fruits; farming; organic-farming; low-input-agriculture; soil-organic-matter; soil-fertility; biology; microbial-activities; plant-analysis; arthropods; species-diversity; nematoda; insect-pests; demonstration-farms; farming-systems-research; economic-analysis; ohio; conventional- farming

55.
NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Comparative performance of different strawberry cultivars with and without methyl bromide fumigation in field soil naturally infested by Phytophthora spp. and Verticillium sp. and feasibility of using resistance of strawberry cultivars as an alternative to methyl bromide soil fumigation.
Mircetich, J. S. M.; Winterbottom, C. Q.; Wakeman, R. J.; Galper, L.; Gargiulo, N. T.; Welch, N.; Gubler, W. D. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.31-1- 31/5. (1995)
Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.
Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars; verticillium-dahliae; phytophthora; genetic-resistance; root- rots; methyl-bromide; chloropicrin; pesticide-mixtures; fumigation; preplanting-treatment; crop-yield; yield-losses; disease-prevalence; commercial-farming; profitability; california

56.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Comparing mulches, herbicides, and cultivation as orchard groundcover management systems.
Merwin, I. A.; Rosenberger, D. A.; Engle, C. A.; Rist, D. L.; Fargione, M. HortTechnology v.5(2): p.151-158. (1995 Apr.-1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus-pumila; weed-control; plastic-film; herbicides; mulches; cultural-weed-control; crop-yield; cost- benefit-analysis; microtus; pest-control; growth; soil-fertility; soil-water; leaves; nutrient-content; orchards; low-input- agriculture; new-york

57.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Comparison of 32 cover crops in an organic vineyard on the North Coast of California.
Bugg, R. L.; McGourty, G.; Sarrantonio, M.; Lanini, W. T.; Bartolucci, R. Biol agric hortic v.13(1): p.63-81. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vitis; vineyards; organic-farming; trifolium; vicia; medicago; pisum; melilotus; lotus; poaceae; genera; brassica; species; cover-crops; comparisons; phenology; habit; biomass-production; competitive-ability; stand- characteristics; persistence; california

58.
NAL Call No.: SB1.J66
Comparison of conventional and alternative nursery field management systems: tree growth and performance.
Calkins, J. B.; Swanson, B. T. J environ hortic v.14(3): p.142-149. (1996 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fraxinus-pennsylvanica; malus; gleditsia- triacanthos; acer-rubrum; thuja-occidentalis; picea-glauca; ornamental-woody-plants; trees; nurseries; fields; companion- crops; lotus-corniculatus; secale-cereale; lolium-perenne; festuca-rubra; crop-production; cover-crops; live-mulches; plant- competition; allelopathy; alternative-farming; sustainability; tillage; herbicides; growth-rate; crop-quality; crop-management; minnesota; field-grown-trees; field-grown-ornamental-woody-plants

59.
NAL Call No.: SB320.J68
A comparison of financial returns during early transition from conventional to organic vegetable production.
Sellen, D.; Tolman, J. H.; McLeod, D. G. R.; Weersink, A.; Yiridoe, E. K. J veg crop prod v.1(2): p.11-39. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; phaseolus-vulgaris; brassica- oleracea-var; -capitata; allium-cepa; lycopersicon-esculentum; organic-culture; vegetable-growing; profitability; farm-inputs; crop-yield; production-costs; returns; losses; farm-results; crop-production; low-input-agriculture; ontario; conventional-vs; -organic-production

60.
NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
A comparison of four processing tomato production systems differing in cover crop and chemical inputs.
Creamer, N. G.; Bennett, M. A.; Stinner, B. R.; Cardina, J. J Am Soc Hortic Sci v.121(3): p.559-568. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; vicia-villosa; secale-cereale; trifolium-incarnatum; hordeum-vulgare; sustainability; live-mulches; cover-crops; cropping-systems; organic-culture; cultural-weed-control; herbicides; insect-pests; plant-diseases; soil-fertility; nitrate; nutrient-balance; nutrient-content; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; fruits; flowers; crop- yield; low-input-agriculture; nitrogen-content; returns; farm- results; economic-analysis; ohio; conventional-production
Abstract: Four tomato production systems were compared at Columbus and Fremont, Ohio: 1) a conventional system; 2) an integrated system [a fall-planted cover-crop mixture of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) killed before tomato planting and left as mulch, and reduced chemical inputs]; 3) an organic system (with cover-crop mixture and no synthetic chemical inputs); and (4) a no-input system (with cover-crop mixture and no additional management or inputs). Nitrogen in the cover-crop mixture above-ground biomass was 220 kg.ha-1 in Columbus and 360 kg.ha-1 in Fremont. Mulch systems (with cover-crop mixture on the bed surface) had higher soil moisture levels and reduced soil maximum temperatures relative to the conventional system. Overall, the cover-crop mulch suppressed weeds as well as herbicide plots, and no additional weed control was needed during the season. There were no differences in the frequency of scouted insect pests or diseases among the treatments. The number of tomato fruit and flower clusters for the conventional system was higher early in the season. In Fremont, the plants in the conventional system had accumulated more dry matter 5 weeks after transplanting. Yield of red fruit was similar for all systems at Columbus, but the conventional system yielded higher than the other three systems in Fremont. In Columbus, there were no differences in economic return above variable costs among systems. In Fremont, the conventional systems had the highest return above variable costs.

61.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Comparison of graminicides applied at equivalent costs in soybean (Glycine max).
Jordan, D. L.; Griffin, J. L.; Vidrine, P. R.; Shaw, D. R.; Reynolds, D. B. Weed technol v.11(4): p.804-809. (1997 Oct.-1997 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; weed-control; sorghum- halepense; perennial-weeds; chemical-control; quizalofop; fluazifop-p; clethodim; sethoxydim; application-rates; production-costs; cost-benefit-analysis; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; louisiana; quizalofop-p

62.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Comparison of no-tillage and conventional tillage in the development of sustainable farming systems in the semi-arid tropics.
Thiagalingam, K.; Dalgliesh, N. P.; Gould, N. S.; McCown, R. L.; Cogle, A. L.; Chapman, A. L. Aust j exp agric v.36(8): p.995-1002. (1996)
Paper presented at a Workshop on conservation farming for the semi-arid tropics, July 18-20, 1995, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Includes references.
Descriptors: tillage; no-tillage; minimum-tillage; crops; crop-production; crop-yield; farming-systems-research; sustainability; semiarid-zones; northern-territory; queensland

63.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Comparison of organic and sustainable fed cattle production: a South Dakota case study.
Taylor, D. C.; Feuz, D. M.; Guan, M. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1996. v. 11 (1) p. 30-38.
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; cattle-farming; organic- farming; sustainability; beef-production; indexes; natural- resources; resource-conservation; environmental-protection; economic-evaluation; case-studies; south-dakota; producer- organic-index; producer-sustainability-index
Abstract: Organic and sustainable fed cattle production are compared through development and estimation of two production indexes: a Producer Organic Index (POI) and a Producer Sustainability Index (PSI). The POI reflects current production standards for organically certified beef. The PSI reflects a broader range of concerns, including long-term natural resource conservation and economic staying-power of cattle producers. The study shows there may be only a loose connection between the two. The method used to develop the indexes can provide insights to beef cattle extension specialists and individual cattle producers on the strengths and weaknesses of current feedlot management practices.

64.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
A comparison of potential contamination from conventional and alternative cropping systems in northeast Kansas.
Koo, S.; Diebel, P. L. J soil water conserv v.51(4): p.329-335. (1996 July-1996 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-pollution; point-sources; surface- water; contamination; atrazine; nitrogen; sediment; water- quality; cropping-systems; comparisons; pollution-control; alternative-farming; simulation-models; risk; economic- evaluation; costs; returns; meteorological-factors; kansas; contaminant-loadings; non-point-source-pollution; alternative- versus-conventional-cropping-systems; risk-analysis

65.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Comparison of rotational to intensive rotational grazing of yearling cattle.
Smith, L. L. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 50-55.
Descriptors: grassland-management; cattle-farming; profitability; low-input-agriculture; sustainability

66.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
A comparison of strawberry plant development and yield under organic and conventional management on the central California coast.
Gliessman, S. R.; Werner, M. R.; Allison, J.; Cochran, J. Biol agric hortic v.12(4): p.327-338. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; organic-farming; farming; farming-systems-research; comparisons; cropping-systems; plant-development; growth; biomass-production; crop-yield; fruits; yield-components; seasonal-variation; profits; low-input- agriculture; sustainability; california; conventional-farming

67.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76-no.47
A comparison of the profitability of contrasting rotations in the TALISMAN experiment.
Green, M. R.; Young, J. E. B.; Cook, S. K.; Hill, P. Rotations and cropping systems, 16-18 December 1996, Churchill College, Cambridge. Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK : AAB Office c/o Horticulture Research International, [1996]. p. 287- 292.
Includes references.
Descriptors: low-input-agriculture; gross-margins

68.
NAL Call No.: 281.8-C16
Comparison of the profitability of conventional and organic farms in milk production in Quebec. Comparaison de la rentabilite des systemes conventionnels et biologiques en production laitiere au Quebec.
Burgoyne, D.; Levallois, R.; Perrier, J. P.; Pellerin, D.; Paillat, N. Can j agric econ v.43(6): p.435-442. (1995 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; milk-production; farm- management; organic-farming; profitability; farm-comparisons; extensive-farming; low-input-agriculture; labor-costs; farm- inputs; mathematical-models; quebec

69.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Comparison of understorey biological nitrogen fixation and biomass production in grassed-down conventional and organic apple orchards in Canterbury, New Zealand.
Goh, K. M.; Ridgen, G. E. Commun soil sci plant anal v.28(13/14): p.1103-1116. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus; orchards; trifolium-pratense; lolium-perenne; understory; biomass-production; dry-matter- accumulation; nitrogen-fixation; seasonal-variation; crop- management; organic-farming; comparisons; new-zealand; conventional-orchard-management; grass-legme-understory
Abstract: In a previous study, the understorey biomass production and biological nitrogen (N) fixation of a grassed-down organic apple orchard were presented. The aim of this paper is to report the results of a similar study of two conventional orchards in a nearby location and to compare the present results with those of the organic orchard. Biological N2 fixation was determined in the field using the 15N isotopic dilution technique and the experiments were conducted over a two-year period. Present results showed that substantial amounts of N (112 to 143 kg N ha-1.2 years-1) were fixed in the understorey of the conventional orchard and these were not significantly different from those of the organic orchard. However, the N2 fixation was sustained in the conventional, but not in the organic orchards in the second year, probably due to regular additions of fertilizers in the conventional orchards. In both orchards, N2 fixation was better correlated with clover than total dry matter yield. Seasonal effects found were highest N2 fixation and biomass production occurring during late spring and early summer and lowest during winter. Climatic factors were investigated in one of the conventional orchards and it was found that seasonal effects were related to a combination of temperature and moisture deficit effects.

70.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Compatibility and efficiency of in-row cultivation for weed management in corn (Zea mays).
Vangessel, M. J.; Schweizer, E. E.; Lybecker, D. W.; Westra, P. Weed technol v.9(4): p.754-760. (1995 Oct.-1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; cultural-weed-control; tillage; rotary-hoes; integrated-control; chemical-control; sulfonylurea- herbicides; 2,4-d; dicamba; low-input-agriculture; application- rates; timing; application-date; crop-yield; grain; econometric- models; cost-benefit-analysis; colorado; nicosulfuron

71.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
A computer simulation model to optimize greenhouse size for an integrated (fish production, hydroponics) system.
Singh, S.; Marsh, L. S.; Vaughan, D. H.; Libey, G. S. Trans ASAE v.39(6): p.2241-2248. (1996 Nov.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fish-culture; crop-production; greenhouse- culture; hydroponics; effluents; waste-water; heat-loss; nutrient-content; heat-recovery; water-temperature; stocking- density; computer-simulation; simulation-models; low-input- agriculture; optimization-methods; floor-area; recirculating- aquaculture-systems; nutrient-recycling
Abstract: Warm and nutrient-rich wastewater discharged from controlled-environment fish production facilities, such as a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), is a loss of heat energy and nutrients in addition to being potentially harmful to the environment. Effluent heat and nutrients can be partially recovered in a greenhouse attached to the RAS facility using hydroponics production of vegetables or aquatic plants. A computer model was used to simulate daily quantity and frequency of wastewater heat discharge from a RAS facility and to determine optimum greenhouse size for a given size of RAS facility. Model application as a management tool for making decisions on optimum greenhouse area for both single-batch and multiple-batch production modes is demonstrated. The optimum greenhouse size varied from 0.35 to 2.09 m2 floor area per m3 of the RAS volume depending upon the production mode, RAS water temperature, greenhouse heat loss factor, and stocking density of fish in the RAS. The effect of fish stocking density in the RAS and greenhouse heat loss factor on the optimum greenhouse size is evaluated.

72.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Conceptual framework for the transition from conventional to sustainable agriculture.
Hill, S. B.; MacRae, R. J. J sustain agric v.7(1): p.81- 87. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; farming-systems; sustainability; conversion; resource-management; resource- allocation; environmental-protection; diversification; philosophy; efficiency-substitution-redesign-framework; conventional-agriculture

73.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia--some economic aspects.
Kirby, G. W. M.; Hristova, V. J.; Murti, S. Aust j exp agric v.36(8): p.1049-1057. (1996)
Paper presented at a Workshop on conservation farming for the semi-arid tropics, July 18-20, 1995, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Includes references.
Descriptors: ley-farming; conservation-tillage; crop- enterprises; crop-yield; costs; income; economic-analysis; alternative-farming; northern-territory

74.
NAL Call No.: S604.64.Z55V64--1994
Conservation tillage in Zimbabwe : evaluation of several techniques for the development of sustainable crop production systems in smallholder farming.
Vogel, H. Berne, Switzerland : University of Berne, Switzerland, Institute of Geography, 1994. xiii, 150 p. : ill., maps, Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-148).
Descriptors: Agricultural-conservation-Zimbabwe; Conservation-tillage-Zimbabwe; Small-farmers-Zimbabwe; Cropping- systems-Zimbabwe; Sustainable-agriculture-Zimbabwe

75.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Consumers' preference for insecticide-free pumpkins in eastern Kansas.
Olson, D. L.; Nechols, J. R.; Marr, C. W. HortTechnology v.5(3): p.274-276. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pumpkins; insecticides; consumer- preferences; consumer-prices; crop-quality; insect-control; chemical-control; insect-pests; low-input-agriculture; kansas

76.
NAL Call No.: 241--In86B-no.76
Contents outline for a profile of a specific area designated for alternative agriculture production. Esquema de contenido para un perfil de area especifica destinado al desarrollo de alternativas de produccion agropecuaria.
Velarde Castillo, J.; Inter American Agricultural Documentation, I. a. C. C. Guatemala : Proyecto de Informacion Agropecuaria del Istmo Centroamericano, [1980] 62 p., "Octubre de 1980." At head of title: Instituto Interamericano de Cooperation para la Agriculture, Centro Interamericano de Documentacion e Information Agricolas.

77.
NAL Call No.: HD101.S6
Contingent valuation in food policy analysis: a case study of a pesticide-residue risk reduction.
Buzby, J. C.; Ready, R. C.; Skees, J. R. J agric appl econ v.27(2): p.613-625. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grapefruits; sodium; consumer-attitudes; food-policy; food-safety; residues; regulations; value-theory; risk; cost-benefit-analysis; case-studies; florida
Abstract: This study demonstrates how contingent valuation techniques can be used in a cost-benefit analysis of a food safety policy issue. The analysis focuses on banning a specific postharvest pesticide used in fresh grapefruit packinghouses. Benefits of the ban are measured using consumers' aggregated willingness to pay (WTP) for safer grapefruit. A national contingent valuation survey used the payment card method to obtain WTP data. Costs of the ban stem predominantly from increased postharvest losses and were estimated using a model of the market for Florida grapefruit. Results indicate that benefits of the ban outweigh costs.

78.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Contribution of legume nitrogen fixation to sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dakora, F. D.; Keya, S. O. Soil biol biochem v.29(5/6): p.809-817. (1997 May-1997 June)
In the special issue: "Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture for the Tropics: The Role of Biological Nitrogen Fixation, November 26-December 1, 1995, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Includes references.
Descriptors: traditional-farming; cropping-systems; sustainability; food-production; rotations; monoculture; intercropping; agroforestry-systems; nitrogen-fixation; grain- legumes; vegetable-legumes; nitrogen-fixing-trees; green-manures; live-mulches; reviews; africa-south-of-sahara
Abstract: Grain legumes fix about 15-210 kg N ha-1 seasonally in Africa, and therefore feature prominently in the cropping systems of traditional farmers. However, increased exploitation of this biological N is constrained by various environmental and nutritional factors, including the cropping patterns used. An evaluation of traditional cropping systems in Africa shows that crop rotation involving legume and cereal monocultures is by far more sustainable than intercropping, the most dominant cultural practice in the continent. Tree legumes also fix about 43-581 kg N ha-1 y-1, making their leaf prunings an important component of sustainability in agroforestry and alley cropping systems. In a single year, the prunings of Sesbania sesban can provide up to a hectare of cereal crop, up to 448 kg N, 31.4 kg P, 125 kg K, 114 kg Ca and 27.3 kg Mg, thus making the foliage of this legume the "ideal" fertilizer. Clearly, achieving sustainable yields in Sub-Saharan Africa would require a deeper understanding of how fixed N in legume residues is managed in the soil environment, in addition to expanding the use of neglected African food legumes, which exhibit considerable drought resistance and nitrate tolerance. In Africa, where soil moisture often limits yields, research on neglected, symbiotic native legumes with NO3- and drought-tolerant traits would constitute a sound basis for increased sustainable production.

79.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
The contribution of managed grasslands to sustainable agriculture in the Great Lakes Basin.
Clark, E. A. ed.; Poincelot, R. P. ed. J-sustain-agric. Binghamton, NY : Food Products Press, c1990-. 1996. v. 8 (2/3) 172 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; grassland-management; pastures; soil-conservation; water- conservation; nutrients; cycling; environmental-management; livestock-farming; grazing; crop-production; reviews; ontario

80.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Conventional and organic alternatives to methyl bromide on California strawberries. [Erratum: Summer 1997, v. 5 (3), p. 5.].
Sances, F. V.; Ingham, E. R. Compost sci util v.5(2): p.23-37. (1997 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; alternative-farming; sustainability; pest-management; weed- control; chemical-control; cultural-control; soil-amendments; broccoli; crop-residues; mushroom-compost; mixtures; incorporation; soil-fumigation; metam; chloropicrin; methyl- bromide; dazomet; 1,3-dichloropropene; efficacy; soil-biology; suppressive-soils; economic-viability; break-even-point; california; organic-control

81.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Conversion of cotton production to certified organic management in the northern San Joaquin Valley: Transition phase plant growth and yield (1992-1994).
Swezey, S. L. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-. 1995. v. 1 p. 125- 126.
Meeting held January 4-7, 1995, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium; organic-farming; crop-yield; plant-density; california

82.
NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Conversion to organic strawberry management changes ecological processes.
Gliessman, S. R.; Werner, M. R.; Swezey, S. L.; Caswell, E.; Cochran, J.; Rosado May, F. Calif agric v.50(1): p.24- 31. (1996 Jan.-1996 Feb.)
Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; organic-farming; comparisons; farming-systems; crop-management; arthropod-pests; plant-pathogenic-fungi; predators-of-insect-pests; nematoda; soil-fungi; population-dynamics; seasonal-fluctuations; soil- temperature; soil-ph; chemical-composition; crop-yield; growth- rate; production-costs; returns; low-input-agriculture; california

83.
NAL Call No.: aHD1491.U6R87
Cooperating with nature: co-ops lead agriculture into era of environmental stewardship.
Boyle, J. Rural-coop. Washington, DC : Rural Business/Cooperative Development Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture : Supt. of Docs., G.P.O. [distributor], [1996-. May/June 1997. v. 64 (2) p. 16-23.

84.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Corn and soybeans--but organic.
Berg, P. Small farm today v.14(2): p.46-48. (1997 Apr.- 1997 May)
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; crop-production; organic-farming; small-farms

85.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Corn hybrid response to starter fertilizer in a no- tillage, dryland environment.
Gordon, W. B.; Fjell, D. L.; Whitney, D. A. J prod agric v.10(3): p.401-404. (1997 July-1997 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; hybrid-varieties; nitrogen- fertilizers; phosphorus-fertilizers; starter-dressings; crop- yield; vegetative-period; maturity; dry-matter-accumulation; nitrogen; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; plant-composition; no- tillage; dry-farming; sowing-date; kansas; early-sowing
Abstract: A dryland corn (Zea mays L.) production system that has gained popularity in Kansas involves planting as early in the spring as possible so that pollination occurs under more favorable moisture and temperature conditions. Cool soils that occur with early planting in high-residue production systems can reduce nutrient uptake. Starter fertilizer applications have been effective in enhancing nutrient uptake even on soils high in available nutrients. Corn hybrids may differ in their response to starter fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate corn hybrid response to starter fertilizer in a no-tillage, dryland environment. This field experiment was conducted from 1993 to 1995 at the North Central Kansas Experiment Field, located near Belleville, on a Crete silt loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Arguistoll). Treatments consisted of five corn hybrids and two starter treatments. Fertilizer treatments were starter fertilizer (30 lb N and 30 lb P2O5/acre) or no starter fertilizer. Starter fertilizer was applied 2 in. to the side of and 2 in. below the seed at planting. In all 3 yr of the experiment, grain yield, maturity, and total P uptake (grain plus stover at maturity) were affected by a hybrid x starter fertilizer interaction. Starter fertilizer consistently increased yields, reduced the number of thermal units needed from emergence to midsilk, and increased total P uptake of Pioneer 3346, Dekalb 636, and Dekalb 591, but had no effect on ICI 8599 and Pioneer 3563. When averaged over the 3 yr of the experiment, starter fertilizer increased grain yield of responding hybrids (hybrids in which the 3-yr averaged yield was increased by the use of starter fertilizer) by 13. bu/acre. Starter fertilizer increased V6 stage above ground dry matter production and N and P uptake of all hybrids evaluated. Ear leaf N and P concentrations also were increased by starter fertilizer, regardless of hybrid. Results of this work show that starter fertilizer can increase grain yield and be feasible for some hybrids, whereas yields of other hybrids are not affected.

86.
NAL Call No.: SB245.2.I58--1994
Cotton connection : towards sustainable cotton production : proceedings of the International Conference "Cotton Connection- -for Ecologically, Socially and Economically Sustainable Cotton Production", 25th-26th November 1994, Hamburg, Germany.
Parusel, D.; International Conference "Cotton Connection for Ecologically, Socially and Economically Sustainable Cotton Production." 1994. Hamburg, Germany. Pesticide Action Network, Germany and A.K. Cotton PAN International and the Pesticides Trust. Hamburg : The Network, 1996. 98 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Cotton-Congresses; Cotton-Environmental- aspects-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Congresses

87.
NAL Call No.: A281.9--Ag8A-no.212
Cotton production and farm income estimates under selected alternative farm programs.
Strickland, P. L.; United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. Washington, D.C. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1971. vi, 33 p. : ill., SUDOCS: A 93.28:212.
Descriptors: Cotton-growing-United-States; Farm-income- United-States

88.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Cover crops for herbicide replacement in no-tillage corn (zea mays).
Yenish, J. P.; Worsham, A. D.; York, A. C. Weed technol v.10(4): p.815-821. (1996 Oct.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; no-tillage; conservation; conservation-tillage; cultural-weed-control; cover-crops; secale- cereale; trifolium-incarnatum; vicia-villosa; trifolium- subterraneum; efficacy; chenopodium-album; amaranthus- retroflexus; amaranthus-hybridus; brachiaria-platyphylla; allelopathy; crop-yield; grain; north-carolina

89.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8558
Cover crops incorporated with reduced tillage on semi- permanent beds: impacts on nitrate leaching, soil fertility, pests, and farm profitability.
Jackson, L. E. Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects Western Region. [1991-. 1995. 14 p.
SARE Project Number: AW92-6. Record includes 3 1/2 floppy disk. Date of report is December 1995. This is a final report.
Descriptors: cover-crops; rowcrops; minimum-tillage; nitrate-nitrogen; leaching; soil-fertility; insect-pests; crop- management; plant-disease-control; low-input-agriculture; vegetables; crop-yield; profitability; economic-analysis; sustainability; california

90.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Crop and nitrogen yield in legume-based rotations practiced with zero tillage and low-input methods.
Izaurralde, R. C.; Choudhary, M.; Juma, N. G.; McGill, W. B.; Haderlein, L. Agron j v.87(5): p.958-964. (1995 Sept.- 1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; pisum-sativum; vicia- faba; rotations; intercropping; continuous-cropping; monoculture; no-tillage; low-input-agriculture; tillage; deep-tillage; weed- control; chemical-control; cultural-weed-control; crop-yield; nitrogen; nutrient-sources; alberta; short-term-legume-based- rotations; cropping-sequences; conventional-tillage; nitrogen- fertilizer-value
Abstract: Though legumes are beneficial in crop rotations, there is limited information on how tillage system- crop sequence interactions influence crop yield and N production. To see if biomass and N yields in short-term legume-based rotations under zero tillage (ZT) and low-input (LI) production methods can equal those in cereal monocultures under ZT and conventional tillage (CT), field experiments were conducted in Alberta, Canada, from 1989 to 1992 at Ellerslie (Typic Cryoboroll soil) and Breton (Typic Cryoboralf). Treatments at each site consisted of (i) two 4-yr rotations, each with the same crop sequence but different tillage methods, and (ii) four continuous barley treatments in 2 x 2 factorial combination of tillage and fertilizer N. The crop sequence was barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)- barley and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) intercrop-barley-fababean (Vicia faba L.). At Ellerslie, tillage for weed control and seedbed preparation was either CT-LI or ZT. At Breton, one rotation used the LI approach; the second used deep tillage (DT). Weeds on CT and ZT were controlled with either pre- or postemergence herbicides. No herbicides were applied to LI treatments at either site or to the DT treatment at Breton. Yields of barley following legumes under ZT were similar to those of fertilized continuous barley. With nonchemical weed-control methods, weed competition reduced yields of barley following legumes by 24% compared with fertilized continuous barley. The increased fababean yield measured under DT was associated with improved rooting conditions and water extraction. The equivalent N-fertilizer value of legume residues with similar weed-control levels averaged 19 kg ha-1. Except for the LI system, legume- based. rotations produced, over the 4-yr cycle, amounts of N equivalent to continuous cereal systems. Resource use efficiency of legume-based rotations, as measured by net-N yields, was equivalent to continuous systems at Breton, but somewhat reduced at Ellerslie.

91.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Crop protection and its integration within sustainable farming systems.
Atkinson, D.; McKinlay, R. G. Agric ecosyst environ v.64(2): p.87-93. (1997 July)
In the special issue: Integrated crop protection: Towards sustainability? / edited by R.G. McKinlay and D. Atkinson. Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; plant-protection; integrated-control; weed-control; pest-control; plant-disease- control; sustainability; alternative-farming; food-production

92.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Crop rotation patterns among New York potato growers: insights from conventional and sustainable agricultural theory.
Gillespie, G. W. Jr.; Lyson, T. A.; Power, A. J sustain agric v.7(1): p.5-18. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; rotations; sustainability; production-functions; factors-of-production; social-structure; cultural-environment; political-attitudes; environmental-factors; farmers'-attitudes; regional-surveys; new- york

93.
NAL Call No.: HT401.A36
Cuba: ethics, biological control, and crisis.
Rosset, P. M. Agric human values v.14(3): p.291-302. (1997 Sept.)
In the special issue: Ethical Issues in Biological Control / edited by J.A. Lockwood. Includes references.
Descriptors: pest-control; biological-control; environmental-policy; bioethics; alternative-farming; agricultural-crises; trade-relations; low-input-agriculture; innovation-adoption; cuba

94.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Demonstration of low input strategies for potato/vegetable production on irrigated sands.
Curwen, D. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 23-26.
Descriptors: vegetable-growing; crop-production; sandy- soils; irrigated-conditions; low-input-agriculture; crop- management; farm-inputs; feasibility-studies; sustainability; Wisconsin; best-management-practices

95.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Designing the future: sustainable agriculture in the US.
Francis, C. A.; Madden, J. P. Agric ecosyst environ v.46(1/4): p.123-134. (1993 Sept.)
In the special issue: Agriculture and the environment / edited by C.A. Edwards, M.K. Wali, D.J. Horn and F. Miller. Paper presented at the International Conference on Agriculture and the Environment held November 10-13, 1991, Columbus, Ohio. Includes references.
Descriptors: usa
Abstract: Global agriculture is entering a challenging and difficult period with an increasing human population and an accelerating need for food, fiber, feed, and raw materials for other industries. This challenge will need to be met on fewer hectares of available land and a reduced supply of the fossil fuel inputs that have catalyzed the increased productivity of the past five decades. Agriculture in some forms has negative and lasting effects on the environment. The research and education community is seeking a more resource-efficient, sustainable system of food production that has less negative impact on the environment. This system is characterized by increased resource use efficiency, greater reliance on internal or renewable resources, increased short- and long-term profitability, enhancement of soil productivity, minimal negative environmental impact, and social viability for families and communities. Agricultural research over the last half century has contributed many components to sustainable productivity, but its focus in the future will be more on systems, interactions among components, and the impact of the activity on the broader environment and community. Education in agriculture is moving from a concentration on memorizing detail and cook-book approaches to a development of creative thinking and problem solving skills. We are building the capacity to access and apply a wide range of information resources. There is a growing congruence of classroom teaching and adult education in extension, an evolution that will lead to better curriculum planning for a life-long educational and learning experience. All the key players in US agriculture will take greater responsibility for their own learning in this system. being empowered to conduct both on-station and on-farm research, design learning activities, and evaluate progress and applications of information to real world challenges. This paper describes what is happening in the US in research, in teaching, and in extension. We also envision a new paradigm for education in the future. Instead of preparing to react or adjust to a predictable future, an empowered rural populace can begin to design a more desirable future. With increased focus on scarce resources, fragility of the environment, and the lessons of nature, we can take creative approaches to systems design and begin to make decisions today to create a more sustainable future for tomorrow.

96.
NAL Call No.: TD195.A34S33--1995
Determination of exteral ecological effects of agriculture and economic and ecological effects of measures on their internalization. Ermittlung externer okologischer Effekte der Landwirtschaft und okonomische und okologische Auswirkungen von Massnahmen zu deren Internalisierung : dargestellt am Beispiel der Ackerbauregion Kraichgau.
Schanzenbacher, B. 1. Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, c1995. 245 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-230).
Descriptors: Agricultural-pollution-Environmental- aspects-Germany-Kraichgau; Agricultural-pollution-Economic- aspects-Germany-Kraichgau; Agricultural-ecology-Germany- Kraichgau; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Germany-Kraichgau

97.
NAL Call No.: SB191.W5R44--1993
Developing sustainable wheat production systems : Eight Regional Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, Kampala, Uganda, June 7-10, 1993.
Tanner, D. G.; Regional Wheat Workshop (8th : 1993 : Kampala, [Mexico?] : CIMMYT, 1993. vii, 327 p. : map, Sponsored by Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Included bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Wheat-Africa-Congresses; Alternative- agriculture-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Congresses

98.
NAL Call No.: 281.8--Ag826-Suppl.147
Development of a computeraided coding system for economic and ecological evaluation of agricultural cultivation forms. Entwicklung eines rechnergestutzten Kennzahlensystems zur okonomischen und okologischen Beurteilung von agrarischen Bewirtschaftungsformen : dargestellt an einem Beispiel.
Reitmayr, T. Frankfurt : Buchedition Agrimedia, [1995?] xi, 302 p. : ill., map, Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-272).

99.
NAL Call No.: HT401.J68
The development of alternative farm enterprises: a study of family labour farms in the northern Pennines of England.
Bowler, I.; Clark, G.; Crockett, A.; Ilbery, B.; Shaw, A. J rural stud v.12(3): p.285-295. (1996 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: family-farms; farm-enterprises; family- labor; farm-comparisons; farm-indebtedness; decision-making; farm-families; traditional-farming; ancillary-enterprises; less- favored-areas; discriminant-analysis; england
Abstract: This paper offers an empirical test of a middle-order theorisation of business change on family labour farms. The concept of 'paths of farm business development' is examined in the northern Pennines of England using discriminant analysis and 34 variables drawn from the published literature on the dynamics of the family farm. Farm indebtedness is shown to be the dominant variable discriminating between farms in the different pathways, although the exact role of farm debt varies between pathways. Farm families selecting the alternative farm enterprise (AFE) pathway can be divided between those that display 'accumulation' (principal AFE) end 'survival' (marginal AFE) behaviours. The findings are contextualised to the U.K. and an era of historically high interest rates and farm indebtedness.

100.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Development of cotton germplasm for reduced insecticide use production systems.
May, O. L.; Durant, J. A. J sustain agric v.11(4): p.39- 49. (1998)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; germplasm; lines; helicoverpa-zea; heliothis-virescens; pest-resistance; genetic- resistance; genetic-improvement; selection-responses; plant- breeding

101.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8556
Development of sustainable cropping systems for New York cash crop producers.
Cox, W. J. Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects Northeast Region. [1991-. 1995. 21 p.
SARE Project Number: ANE 92-8. Record includes floppy disk. Reporting period for this report is January 1, 1995 to November 30, 1995.
Descriptors: cash-crops; zea-mays; glycine-max; triticum-aestivum; trifolium; avena-sativa; brassica; cropping- systems; profitability; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; demonstration-farms; new-york

102.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8554
Development of sustainable potato production systems for the Pacific Northwest.
Stark, J. C. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Western Region. [1988-. 1995. 13 p.
SARE Project Number: LW-91-29. Reporting period for this report is September 1991 to March 1995. This is a final report.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; crop-production; rotations; crop-management; green-manures; crop-quality; crop- yield; economic-analysis; alternative-farming; sustainability; idaho; washington

103.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8554
Development of winter wheat cover crop systems for weed control in potatoes.
Eberlein, C. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Western Region. [1988-. 1995. 16 p.
SARE Project Number: LW91-27. Reporting period for this report is September 1991 to December 1994. This is a final report.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; crop-yield; seedling- emergence; winter-wheat; triticum-aestivum; hybrids; cover-crops; herbicides; necroses; weed-control; chemical-control; cultural- control; efficacy; economic-analysis; low-input-agriculture; idaho; washington

104.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Difficulties in measuring adoption of apple IPM: a case study.
McDonald, D. G.; Glynn, C. J. Agric ecosyst environ v.48(3): p.219-230. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; integrated-pest- management; innovation-adoption; assessment
Abstract: This research investigates the process of measuring integrated pest management (IPM) and the implications of particular measurement in understanding IPM adoption. Data collected from apple growers in New York State in 1991 were used to develop a measurement of IPM adoption based on nine subscales combining 35 IPM components. Three factors or dimensions of IPM were found: scouting/monitoring, cultural controls and biological controls. Scouting and monitoring practices were associated with beliefs about costs and benefits of IPM; the use of cultural controls was related to economic factors, and the use of biological controls was negatively related to perceived credibility of chemical fieldmen.

105.
NAL Call No.: S1.W6
Diversification and sustainable agricultural production-- the case of soil erosion.
Goetz, R. U. Work-pap-ser-Univ-Calif-Berkeley,-Dep-Agric- Resour-Econ. Berkeley : California Agricultural Experiment Station : Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics,. May 1995. (749) 30 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: erosion; sustainability; soil-management; agricultural-production; diversification; dynamic-models; equations; profitability; dynamic-economic-models

106.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Diversity of personal and enterprise characteristics among organic growers in the northeastern United States.
Lockeretz, W. Biol agric hortic v.14(1): p.13-24. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; interviews; regional- surveys; farmers'-attitudes; opinions; problem-analysis; farmers; characterization; massachusetts; vermont

107.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation by three leguminous green manure species and the yield of a following wheat crop in an organic production system.
Stopes, C.; Millington, S.; Woodward, L. Agric ecosyst environ v.57(2/3): p.189-196. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: trifolium-pratense; trifolium-repens; medicago-lupulina; lolium; green-manures; growth; temporal- variation; dry-matter-accumulation; plant-composition; nitrogen- content; nitrogen-fixation; organic-farming; triticum-aestivum; crop-production; nitrate; leaching; losses-from-soil

108.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Earthworms as indicators of sustainable production in dryland cropping in southern Australia.
Buckerfield, J. C.; Lee, K. E.; Davoren, C. W.; Hannay, J. N. Soil biol biochem v.29(3/4): p.547-554. (1997 Mar.-1997 Apr.)
In the special issue: ISEE 5 / edited by C.A. Edwards. Proceedings of the fifth international symposium on earth ecology, held July 5-9, 1994, Columbus, Ohio. Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; sustainability; land- productivity; arable-soils; earthworms; biological-indicators; soil; quality; biological-activity-in-soil; correlation; crop- production; crop-management; soil-management; edaphic-factors; environmental-factors; australia; aporrectodea-rosea
Abstract: Crop-monitoring by farmer groups has been established to identify agronomic and soil factors limiting crop yields and to promote the adoption of sustainable farming practices in South Australia. The use of earthworms as a potential indicator of sustainability has been investigated with a survey of 95 paddocks sown to wheat, barley or peas, within an area of about 3500 km2. Mean annual rainfall ranged from less than 350 mm to more than 500 mm, and soils varied from coarse sands through lighter loams to heavy clays. The dryland cropping soils in South Australia have been colonized by four immigrant earthworm species, Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges), Microscolex dubius (Fletcher) and Microscolex phosphoreus (Duges); populations are generally dominated by A. rosea. Population differences, such as the higher numbers of A. rosea recorded under barley than peas and more juveniles under peas than wheat, and the occasional abundance of other species in some paddocks may be used to indicate changes in soil conditions associated with management. Conservation tillage, retaining plant-residues and reducing cultivation, is being promoted as desirable in developing sustainable farming systems and the inverse relationship between earthworm abundance and intensity of tillage (r = -0.69...) provides support for earthworms as a potential indicator of sustainability. Earthworm abundance showed a small but significant correlation between earthworm activity and grain yields (r = 0.44...) and grain protein content (r = 0.52...). A positive correlation between nitrogen fertilizer levels and earthworm numbers (r = 0.48...) and biomass (r = 0.43...). may be related to increased soil organic matter, derived from increased plant growth. The distribution and abundance of earthworms is dependent not only on management related to crop production, but also on local soil and climatic factors. Density and biomass were significantly higher in paddocks with higher annual rainfall and inversely correlated with levels of coarse sand. The soils, crops, climate, management and history of a region of the geographic scale surveyed here is probably too diverse to provide simple relationships between earthworms and plant productivity. It is important to distinguish the broad concept of sustainable productivity on a regional basis from the reality of productivity and sustainability on the spatial and temporal scales of activity of the organisms studied and the production and management process involved. At an appropriate scale, ecological data on both the species composition and on functional groups within earthworm communities, may be useful indicators of crop production and its sustainability.

109.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Ecological management of potato cropping systems.
Porter, G. A. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast Region. [1988-. 1995. 12 p.
SARE Project Number: LNE93-36/ANE93-18. Record includes floppy disk. Date of report is December 1995. Record includes several attachments about the project.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa- decemlineata; perillus-bioculatus; coleomegilla-maculata; bacillus-thuringiensis; beauveria-bassiana; green-manures; composts; cattle-manure; soil-physical-properties; nitrate- nitrogen; leaching; growth; plant-water-relations; crop-yield; low-input-agriculture; maine

110.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Economic analysis of low-input and conventional dairy cropping systems.
Ennis, J.; Klemme, R.; Rajhandary, B. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 41-47.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; alternative-farming; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; cropping-systems; Wisconsin; conventional-versus-low-input-agriculture

111.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A2N6
Economic and water quality impacts of reducing nitrogen and pesticide use in agriculture.
Randhir, T. O.; Lee, J. G. Agric resour econ rev v.26(1): p.39-51. (1997 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: nitrogen; atrazine; water-quality; environmental-policy; economic-impact; cropping-systems; farm- inputs; pollution; farm-income; risk; utility-functions; simulation-models; equations; taxes; regulations; environmental- impact; crop-production; watersheds; acreage; erosion; multiyear- regional-risk-programming-model; nonpoint-source-pollution; regulating-the-aggregate; regulating-per-acre; pollutant-loads

112.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A3N6
An economic comparison of conventional and alternative cropping systems for a representative northeast Kansas farm.
Diebel, P. L.; Williams, J. R.; Llewelyn, R. V. Rev agric econ v.17(3): p.242, 323-335. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: clovers; alfalfa; cropping-systems; comparisons; farming-systems; nitrogen; nutrient-uptake; profitability; crop-mixtures; alternative-farming; returns; kansas
Abstract: Alternative agriculture studies are important to producers developing production plans to meet the increasing demands of agricultural and environmental policies. However, the profitability of these systems is sensitive to several factors, including the type and length of rotations, yields, crop prices, and government commodity program provisions. An analysis of net returns and costs for a conventional farming system and three alternative farming systems for a typical northeast Kansas farm is performed with and without the basic government commodity provisions. Initially, constant crop yields are assumed across all production systems. Price, break-even, and equivalent net- return yield sensitivity analyses are used to determine how sensitive the initial results are to forage price changes and yield reductions in corn, soybean, wheat, and grain sorghum. A unique analysis is used in order to address the possibility of reduced yields under the alternative systems compared to the conventional system. The reduction in yield for the crops in the alternative systems is estimated based on reduced nitrogen uptake simulated by the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management System (GLEAMS) model. The highest net return is from an alternative cropping system of wheat/clover-sorghum-soybean when the ideal of each respective crop is equivalent across systems. This occurs both with and without government commodity program participation. When the analysis is re-examined using yields based upon estimated nitrogen uptake and alternative forage prices, all alternative and transitional systems are less profitable than the conventional system. This analysis shows that under the combination of lower yields from reduced. nitrogen uptake and likely reduced forage prices, the alternative systems are less profitable than the conventional farming system.

113.
NAL Call No.: GE195.E26--1997
Economic democracy and green economics.
Robertson, J. Littleton, CO : Aigis Publications, c1997. xiv, 222 p., Cover title. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Environmentalism; Green-movement; Social- ecology

114.
NAL Call No.: 100-Al1H
Economic & environmental evaluations of peanut rotations with switchgrass and cotton.
Paudel, K. P.; Martin, N. R. Jr.; Kokalis Burelle, N.; Rodriguez Kabana, R. Highlights agr res v.43(1): p.4-7. (1996 Spring)
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; gossypium-hirsutum; panicum-virgatum; rotations; sequential-cropping; low-input- agriculture; economic-evaluation; environmental-impact; costs; returns; profitability; price-support; risk; alabama

115.
NAL Call No.: HC800.N32--1995
Economic growth, sustainability, and agricultural development.
Nana Sinkam, S.; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Addis Ababa : UNECA, [1995] xi, 139 p. : ill., "May 1995." "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"- -Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-139).
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-Africa; Sustainable- development-Africa; Sustainable-agriculture-Africa; Africa- Economic-policy

116.
NAL Call No.: HC107.N9E26--1995
Economic impact of alternative farm program scenarios on the North Dakota economy.
Leistritz, F. L. Fargo, ND : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, [1995] i, 8 leaves : ill., Cover title. "September 18, 1995."
Descriptors: Labor-supply-North-Dakota; Agriculture- and-state-United-States; North-Dakota-Economic-conditions

117.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Economic methods for comparing alternative crop production systems: a review of the literature.
Roberts, W. S.; Swinton, S. M. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1996. v. 11 (1) p. 10-17.
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; cropping-systems; comparisons; evaluation; economic-analysis; environmental-impact; stability; profitability; risk; sustainability; north-america; alternative-versus-conventional-cropping-systems
Abstract: New crop production technologies developed in response to growing concern over environmental contamination from agriculture may be neither more profitable nor higher yielding than the systems they replace, but they often reduce environmental contamination or improve soil and water quality. Systems designed with environmental objectives cannot be evaluated fairly just by productivity, which is what often is done in economic studies of alternative systems. We review 58 recent studies comparing alternative crop production systems to identify the key criteria for system comparisons, the system characteristics important in designing the analysis, and the methods most suited for comparing alternative systems. The four key criteria we looked for in system comparisons are expected profit, stability of profits, expected environmental impacts, and stability of environmental impacts. Most economic studies of crop production focus exclusively on profitability, and incorporate neither environmental criteria nor the dynamic characteristics inherent in alternative systems. We identify promising new approaches that take account of specific environmental characteristics and attempt to balance the objectives of profitability and environmental risk management. Balanced environmental-economic analysis is most likely to be achieved by integrating biophysical simulation models with economic optimization methods to model the trade-offs among profitability, environmental impact, and system stability (both financial and environmental).

118.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Economic potential of augmentative releases of boll weevil parasites reared on artificial diet.
Robinson, J. R. C.; Taylor, M. J.; Rojas, M. G.; Morales Ramos, J.; King, E. G. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-. 1995. v. 1 p. 412- 415.
Meeting held January 4-7, 1995, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Descriptors: anthonomus-grandis; catolaccus; artificial-foods; biological-control-agents; cost-benefit- analysis; integrated-pest-management; organic-farming; gossypium; insecticides; rearing-techniques; texas

119.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.W675--no.304
Economic viability of ecological agriculture for small- scale farmers in southern Brazil : a minor field study.
Helmfrid, G. Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Rural Development Centre, 1996. 87 p., 10 leaves : ill., 1 map, "ISRN SLU-IRDC-WP--304--SE." Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-85).

120.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Economics and efficacy of postemergence spurred anoda (Anoda cristata) control in pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Vangessel, M. J.; Westra, P. Weed technol v.11(2): p.329-334. (1997 Apr.-1997 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: phaseolus-vulgaris; weed-control; anoda- cristata; chemical-control; bentazone; imazethapyr; application- rates; low-input-agriculture; application-date; timing; gross- margins; gross-margins-analysis; colorado

121.
NAL Call No.: 100-Id1
The economics of alternative beef cattle management and marketing systems.
Marousek, G. E.; Stodick, L. D.; Schimmel, J. G. Res-bull- Agric-Exp-Stn-Univ-Ida. Moscow, Idaho : Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Idaho, 1922-. May 1992. (153) 15 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; livestock-enterprises; alternative-farming; cattle-husbandry; marketing-techniques; econometric-models; motad; land-resources; public-domain; multiple-land-use; idaho

122.
NAL Call No.: S604.64.A8B68--1997
The economics of landcare.
Brouwer, D. W.; NSW Agriculture. C.B. Alexander Agricultural College. Paterson, NSW : NSW Agriculture, Tocal, 1997. x, 88 p. : ill., "Written by David Brouwer"--P. ii. "Written for the Certificate IV in Landcare"--P. ii.
Descriptors: Agricultural-conservation-Study-and- teaching-Higher-New-South-Wales; Land-degradation-Study-and- teaching-Higher; Sustainable-agriculture-Study-and-teaching- Higher

123.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A89
Economics of new technologies for sustainable agriculture.
Zilberman, D.; Khanna, M.; Lipper, L. Aust j agric resour econ v.41(1): p.63-80. (1997 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-production; sustainability; environmental-protection; agricultural-development; resource- utilization; technology; entrepreneurship; agricultural-research; innovation-adoption; government; intervention; incentives; taxes; equations

124.
NAL Call No.: 100-T31P
Economics of using high-load single-frequency (HLSF) manure applications with conservation tillage.
Harman, W. L.; Marek, T. H.; Regier, G. C.; Sweeten, J. M. PR-Tex-Agric-Exp-Sta. College Station, Tex. : The Station, 1976-. Oct 1994. (5236) 9 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: feedlot-wastes; application-to-land; crop- production; rotations; irrigated-sites; conservation-tillage; fertilizers; microeconomic-analysis; production-costs; returns; crop-yield; application-rates; economic-thresholds; low-input- agriculture; field-crops; great-plains-states-of-usa

125.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76-no.47
The effect of cropping sequences and rotational management: an economic comparison of conventional, integrated and organic systems.
Leake, A. R. Rotations and cropping systems, 16-18 December 1996, Churchill College, Cambridge. Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK : AAB Office c/o Horticulture Research International, [1996]. p. 185-194.
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; weed-control

126.
NAL Call No.: TD427.A35A49-1993
Effect of different habitats vs. agricultural practices on breeding birds.
Freemark, K. Agricultural research to protect water quality proceedings of the conference February 21-24, 1993 Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Ankeny, IA : The Society, [1993]. p. 284- 287.
Descriptors: farmland; habitats; organic-farming; organic-fertilizers; agricultural-chemicals; wild-birds; species

127.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Effect of manure on crop yield and quality in an organic agricultural system.
Stein Bachinger, K.; Werner, W. Biol agric hortic v.14(3): p.221-235. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leys; solanum-tuberosum; triticum; winter- wheat; rotations; organic-farming; farmyard-manure; composts; liquid-manures; application-date; timing; nitrogen; application- rates; crop-yield; crop-quality; grain; protein-content; tubers; germany; short-versus-long-composted-manure; nutrient-management

128.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of N-supply on growth and yield of broccoli measured non-destructively by gamma-scanning.
Gutezeit, B. Acta hortic (428): p.45-52. (1996 Aug.)
Paper presented at the workshop "Ecological aspects of Vegetable fertilization in integrated crop production in the field", Sept 25-29, 1995, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany. Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; calcium- nitrate; top-dressings; crop-yield; biomass-production; low- input-agriculture; germany

129.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
The effect of nitrogen source and crop rotation on the growth and yield of processing tomatoes.
Cavero, J.; Plant, R. E.; Shennan, C.; Friedman, D. B. Nutr cycl agroecosyst v.47(3): p.271-282. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; rotations; farming-systems; comparisons; low-input-agriculture; organic- farming; vicia-sativa; green-manures; cover-crops; nitrogen- fertilizers; nutrient-sources; growth; dry-matter-accumulation; leaf-area-index; nitrogen-content; plant-composition; nutrient- uptake; crop-yield; net-assimilation-rate; radiation; use- efficiency; nitrogen; mineralization; nitrate-nitrogen; ammonium- nitrogen; soil-fertility; mediterranean-climate; california; conventional-farming-systems; four-year-rotations; two-year- rotations; organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers
Abstract: Four crop rotation and management systems were studied in 1994 and 1995 in relation to growth and yield of irrigated processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The four treatments were three four-year rotation systems [conventional (conv-4), low input and organic] and a two-year rotation system [conventional (conv-2)]. The four-year rotation was tomato-safflower-corn-wheat (or oats+vetch)/beans, and the two-year rotation was tomato-wheat. Purple vetch (Vicia sativa L.) was grown as a green manure cover crop preceeding tomatoes in the low input and organic systems. Nitrogen was supplied as fertilizer in the conventional systems, as vetch green manure plus fertilizer in the low input system and as vetch green manure plus turkey manure in the organic system. Tomato cv. Brigade was direct-seeded in the conventional systems and transplanted to the field in the low input and organic systems. In both years the winter cover crop was composed of a mixture of vetch and volunteer oats with N contents of 2.2% in 1994 and 2.7% (low input) or 1.8% (organic) in 1995. In 1994 yields were higher in conventionally grown tomatoes because a virus in the nursery infected the transplants used in the low input and organic systems. In 1995 tomatoes grown with the low input and conv-4 systems had similar yields, which were higher than those of tomatoes grown with the conv-2 and organic systems. N uptake by the crop was greater than 200 kg N ha-1 for high yield (>75 t ha-1) and uptake rates of 3 to 6 kg N ha-1 day-1 during the period of maximum uptake were observed. The lower yield with the organic system in 1995 was caused by a N deficiency. The main effect of the N deficiency was a reduced leaf area index and not. a reduction of net assimilation rate (NAR) or radiation use efficiency (RUE). Nitrogen deficiency was related to low concentration of inorganic N in the soil and slow release of N from the cover crop + manure. A high proportion of N from the green manure but only a low proportion of N from the manure was mineralized during the crop season. In the conventional systems, the estimated mineralized N from the soil organic matter during the crop season was around 85 kg ha-1. A hyperbolic relationship between N content and total dry weight of aboveground biomass was observed in processing tomatoes with adequate N nutrition. Lower yields with the conv-2 than with the conv-4 system were due to higher incidence of diseases in the two year rotation which reduced the NAR and the RUE. Residual N in the soil in Oct. (two months after the incorporation of crop residues) ranged between 90 and 170 kg N ha-1 in the 0-90 cm profile.

130.
NAL Call No.: 450-P697
Effect of plant density on the yields of artemisinin and essential oil in Artemisia annua cropped under low input cost management in North-Central India.
Ram, M.; Gupta, M. M.; Dwivedi, S.; Kumar, S. Planta med v.63(4): p.372-374. (1997 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: artemisia-annua; essential-oils; artemisinin; plant-composition; yields; crop-density; low-input- agriculture; high-density-planting; crop-yield; cultural-weed- control; crop-weed-competition; uttar-pradesh

131.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
The effect of reduced nitrate input on tomato yield and fruit quality.
Hand, D. J.; Fussell, M. Acta hortic (401): p.319-325. (1995 Oct.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Growing Media and Plant Nutrition in Horticulture, September 10-16, 1994, Naaldwijk, The Netherlands. Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; potassium; potassium-nitrate; potassium-chloride; calcium-nitrate; calcium- chloride; application-rates; nitrate-nitrogen; crop-quality; crop-yield; keeping-quality

132.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of the endogeic earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus on soil chemical characteristics and plant growth in a low-input tropical agroecosystem.
Pashanasi, B.; Lavelle, P.; Alegre, J.; Charpentier, F. Soil biol biochem v.28(6): p.801-810. (1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: low-input-agriculture; rotations; pontoscolex-corethrurus; earthworms; populations; soil- inoculation; soil-fertility; sustainability; farm-inputs; organic-amendments; crop-residues; stubble-mulching; green- manures; population-density; biomass; soil-ph; soil; nutrient- content; carbon; nitrogen; calcium; magnesium; potassium; phosphorus; aluminum; soil-acidity; soil-flora; crop-yield; growth; roots; grain; shoots; dry-matter-accumulation; soil- physical-properties; biological-activity-in-soil; peru
Abstract: Low densities of Pontoscolex corethrurus have been introduced into low-input cropping systems at Yurimaguas (Peru) to test their effects on soil fertility under field conditions for six successive cropping cycles. Earthworm biomass was sustained at 40 g m-2 fw (ca. 3 g ash-free dry mass) on the average with peak values of 80 g at harvests 2 and 3 in treatments receiving an application of legume green manure. At the 6th harvest, earthworm biomass was significantly lower in the treatment with no organic input than in treatments with crop residues and legume green manure. Earthworm activities did not prevent C and nutrient stocks from being significantly depleted although P, K and Ca concentrations tended to be higher than in non-inoculated treatments at the 6th harvest. Plant production was significantly increased by 36% due to earthworm inoculation in a traditional low-input rotation (maize, rice, cowpea, rice, rice, rice) with variation between -43 and + 78%, depending on the crop and climatic conditions. In a continuous maize culture that received fertilizers for the last three crops, grain production was increased by 2.45-fold on average, due to earthworm inoculation. These results demonstrate that the maintenance of active earthworm populations was favourable to crop production during the time scale of our experiments (3 y). Longer term experiments are required to test the sustainability of the positive effects observed.

133.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Effect of timing and adjuvants on the efficacy of reduced herbicide rates for sweet corn (Zea mays).
O'Sullivan, J.; Bouw, W. J. Weed technol v.11(4): p.720- 724. (1997 Oct.-1997 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; weed-control; chemical-control; low-input-agriculture; application-rates; herbicide-mixtures; application-date; timing; cyanazine; metolachlor; adjuvants; crop-yield; ontario; crop-oil-concentrate

134.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
The effect of understorey management on soil fertility, tree nutrition, fruit production and apple fruit quality.
Marsh, K. B.; Daly, M. J.; McCarthy, T. P. Biol agric hortic v.13(2): p.161-173. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus; orchard-soils; organic-farming; trifolium-pratense; lolium-perenne; bromus-catharticus; phleum- pratense; cichorium-intybus; sanguisorba-minor; leys; understory; composts; mulches; crop-management; soil-fertility; nitrogen; carbon; leaves; nutrient-availability; plant-composition; nutrient-content; crop-production; crop-yield; fruits; crop- quality; plant-nutrition; new-zealand; mixed-herb-leys

135.
NAL Call No.: S592.17.A73A74
Effect of water stress on competition between Medicago truncatula and wheat in 15N labeled soil.
Ibijbijen, J.; Ismaili, M. Arid soil res rehabil v.9(4): p.399-408. (1995 Oct.-1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-durum; medicago-truncatula; crop- mixtures; nitrogen-fixation; nitrogen; transfer; water-stress; interspecific-competition; soil-water-regimes; plant-composition; nitrogen-content; nutrient-sources; crop-yield; leaf-water- potential; dry-matter-accumulation; drought-resistance; alternative-farming; tropics; pure-versus-mixed-stands

136.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Effects of band widths on atrazine, metribuzin, and metolachlor runoff.
Gaynor, J. D.; Van Wesenbeeck, I. J. Weed technol v.9(1): p.107-112. (1995 Jan.-1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine; metribuzin; metolachlor; band- placement; width; losses-from-soil; runoff; low-input- agriculture; application-rates; clay-loam-soils; groundwater- pollution

137.
NAL Call No.: SB13.E97
Effects of four cultivation systems for maize on nitrogen leaching. 1. Field experiment.
Borin, M.; Giupponi, C.; Morari, F. Eur J agron v.6(1/2): p.101-112. (1997 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; rotations; farm-inputs; liquid- manures; fertilizers; pesticides; herbicides; cover-crops; low- input-agriculture; losses-from-soil; leaching; nitrate-nitrogen; groundwater-pollution; water-quality; italy; mineral-fertilizers

138.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Effects of green manure and coral lime on corn growth and chemical properties of an acid Oxisol in Western Samoa.
Hunter, D. J.; Yapa, L. G. G.; Hue, N. V. Biol fertil soils v.24(3): p.266-273. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; maize-soils; oxisols; acid- soils; green-manures; vigna-unguiculata; lime; application-rates; npk-fertilizers; comparisons; residual-effects; plant-nutrition; plant-composition; leaves; nutrient-content; crop-yield; potassium; mineral-deficiencies; manganese; soil-toxicity; soil- ph; cation-exchange-capacity; exchangeable-cations; nutrient- availability; seasonal-variation; low-input-agriculture; western- samoa
Abstract: Effects of local green manure (GM) and lime on soil productivity in a low-input agricultural system were evaluated by growing three successive crops of sweet corn (Zea mays) on an acid Oxisol (Typic acrorthox, Togitogiga series) in Western Samoa. The soil was amended with coral lime at 0, 5, and 10 Mg ha-1 and with cowpea GM at 0, 7.5, and 15 Mg ha-1. Commercial NPK fertilizers at 50 kg ha-1 each of N, P, and K were included for comparison. The amendments were applied only once prior to planting of the first crop. Response parameters measured included nutrient composition of leaves at tasseling and grain yield of each crop, and selected soil chemical properties at each planting. Yields of the first crop were nearly tripled with GM additions and doubled with lime additions. Such yield increases were caused mainly by better K nutrition and to a lesser extent by enhanced P nutrition. Yields of subsequent crops were much lower than those of the first, and the declines were much steeper for the GM treatments than for the lime treatments. Thus, the enhancement effect on K nutrition did not last beyond one crop. Poor growth of the second and third crops was caused by K deficiency; probably coupled with Mn toxicity. Significant yield reductions were found when Mn-to-K ratios in leaves exceeded 0.010. As for effects on soil, soil pH was increased significantly by lime but only slightly by GM. Given the variable charge property of this Oxisol, each unit pH increase corresponds to a cation exchange capacity (CEC) increase of 5 cmolc kg-1. Having greater CEC, the amended soil retained K more effectively, thereby causing yield increases, especially of the first corn crop, which required at least 0.75 cmolc kg-1 of. exchangeable soil K or 7% of CEC for adequate growth.

139.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Effects of manure treatment and soil compaction on plant production of a dairy farm system converting to organic farming practice.
Hansen, S. Agric ecosyst environ v.56(3): p.173-186. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; conversion; organic- farming; leys; mixed-pastures; hordeum-vulgare; cattle-manure; cattle-slurry; application-to-land; application-rates; soil- compaction; soil-pore-system; porosity; earthworms; biological- activity-in-soil; dry-matter-accumulation; yields; botanical- composition; norway; diluted-cattle-manure; aerated-cattle- manure; mechanically-separated-slurry

140.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Effects of mulching and cover cropping on soil microbial parameters in the organic growing of black currant.
Larsson, L.; Stenberg, B.; Torstensson, L. Commun soil sci plant anal v.28(11/12): p.913-925. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ribes-nigrum; organic-farming; mulching; plastic-film; wood-chips; phleum-pratense; medicago-sativa; trifolium-pratense; dactylis-glomerata; cover-crops; soil-flora; microbial-activities; respiration; soil-organic-matter; nitrogen; carbon; ammonium; oxidation; nutrient-availability; losses-from- soil; soil-fertility; sustainability; sweden
Abstract: Cover cropping and mulching to sustain and improve soil fertility and for weed control are common practices in organic growing systems. In this study, microbial parameters under different kinds of mulches and cover crops were analyzed in a field experiment with organically grown black currant (Ribes nigrum). The experiment comprised a combination of two mulches with bare soil as a control and two cover crops which were compared with bare soil, with and without an extra supply of organic fertilizer. Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) as well as pH were unaffected by any of the treatments. The basal respiration rate was increased by mulching with wood chips throughout the four years of the experiment. During the last two years of the experiment, substrate induced respiration was also measured but was not found to be affected by any of the mulches. The potential ammonium (NH4+) oxidation increased significantly after an initial supply of 200 kg N ha-1 as solid cattle manure. The increase was significantly lower under wood chips than in bare soil, although an extra 200 kg N ha-1 had been supplied under the wood chips. Furthermore, the black currant bushes suffered from a N deficiency in the wood chip treatment. The results showed that there was no substantial lasting build-up of microbial biomass or organic matter content with wood chips because of lack of N, despite a large initial input of N and easily-available C. Possible reasons for this deficiency are either increased denitrification under the wood chips or fungal translocation of N to the wood chip layer. Results from this experiment suggests that the evaluation of a few complementary biological soil parameters can be an important tool. when developing sustainable growing systems and for indicating environmental stress.

141.
NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic farming system.
Bulson, H. A. J.; Snaydon, R. W.; Stopes, C. E. J agric sci v.128(pt.1): p.59-71. (1997 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; vicia-faba; crop- production; plant-density; intercropping; organic-farming; crop- yield; crop-quality; seeds; nitrogen-content; weeds; plant- diseases; england

142.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Eliminating the use of residual herbicides in corn/alfalfa rotations.
Peterson, J. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 17-21.
Descriptors: zea-mays; medicago-sativa; rotations; low- input-agriculture; herbicides; residual-effects; usage; farm- inputs; tillage; energy-conservation; profitability; environmental-protection

143.
NAL Call No.: HF5413.O54--1997
Emerging markets for family farms : opportunities to prosper through social and environmental responsibility.
O'Neill, K.; Center for Rural Affairs (Walthill, N. Walthill, Neb. : Center for Rural Affairs, [1997] 61 p. : form, Cover title. "May 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 46- 49).
Descriptors: Green-marketing; Farm-produce-Marketing; Alternative-agriculture-Economic-aspects

144.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Energy and labour efficiency for three pairs of conventional and alternative mixed cropping (pasture-arable) farms in Canterbury, New Zealand.
Nguyen, M. L.; Haynes, R. J. Agric ecosyst environ v.52(2/3): p.163-172. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; farming; energy- balance; labor-productivity; sustainability; conventional- farming
Abstract: The major energy inputs and outputs and labour inputs for each year of the rotation from three pairs of farms were measured. One of each pair was under conventional agriculture and the other under an alternative (organic or biodynamic) system. In the study locality, a mixed cropping system of farming is practised in which grazed grass/white clover pastures and/or grass and white clover seed crops are grown in rotation with arable crops. The energy input for sheep meat production was appreciably lower than that normally observed in intensive production in the Northern Hemisphere. This is principally because livestock graze outside throughout the year on forage that has been supplied with little energy-intensive fertiliser-N. Energy input was lower under alternative than conventional sheep meat production at two of the sites and similar at the third. For cereal crops (wheat and barley), energy inputs and grain yields were greater under conventional than alternative management owing mainly to fertiliser-N inputs under conventional management. These accounted for 23-63% of total energy inputs. Sown seeds and field operations contributed substantially to energy inputs under both farming systems. Fertiliser-N inputs under conventional management were low compared with those used in Europe and North America since cereal crops relied partially on N2 fixed biologically during pasture and seed crop phases of the rotations. As a result, the energy efficiency ratio (energy output over input) was considerably higher than that commonly observed in intensive agriculture in the Northern Hemisphere. The energy efficiency ratio for cereal production was higher under alternative. management at two sites but higher under conventional management at another. Over the entire rotation, the mean annual energy input was considerably lower under alternative than conventional management. Labour input was higher for production of individual cereal crops under alternative management but mean annual labour inputs over the whole rotations were slightly lower under alternative than conventional management.

145.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Energy output and animal production from grazed grass/clover pastures in Sweden.
Frankow Lindberg, B. E.; Danielsson, D. A. Biol agric hortic v.14(4): p.279-290. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: trifolium-repens; poaceae; pastures; grassland-management; low-input-agriculture; nitrogen- fertilizers; dairy-cattle; grazing; beef-cattle; performance; liveweight-gain; botanical-composition; seasonal-fluctuations; stocking-rate; beef-production; milk-production; sweden; utilized-metabolizable-energy

146.
NAL Call No.: HD9161.M33R82--1995
Ensuring sustainability and competitiveness of the NR industry : a report of the Proceedings of the Rubber Growers' Conference 1995 held in Kuala Lampur, Malaysia from 17 to 19 July 1995.
Abdul Aziz bin S. A. Kadir.; Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia Rubber Growers' Conference (1995 : Kuala Lumpur), [Malaysia] : Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, 1996. xxvii, 396 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, Includes bibliographical references.
CONTENTS NOTE: Technology update I: agronomy -- Technology update II: exploitation -- Technology update III: processing management -- Competitiveness and economic viability -- Rubberwood.
Descriptors: Rubber-industry-and-trade-Congresses; Competition-Congresses; Hevea-Congresses; Rubber-industry-and- trade-Malaysia-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Congresses

147.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.E86--1996
Environment and sustainable agricultural development : concepts, general issues, constraints and strategies.
Roy, K. C. Sen, R. K.; Tisdell, C. A. Calcutta : International Institute for Development Studies ; New Delhi : New Age International, c1996- v. (1), Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture; Economic- development-Environmental-aspects; Sustainable-development-India

148.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Environmental and economic effects of reducing pesticide use in agriculture.
Pimentel, D.; McLaughlin, L.; Zepp, A.; Lakitan, B.; Kraus, T.; Kleinman, P.; Vancini, F.; Roach, W. J.; Graap, E.; Keeton, W. S. Agric ecosyst environ v.46(1/4): p.273-288. (1993 Sept.)
In the special issue: Agriculture and the environment / edited by C.A. Edwards, M.K. Wali, D.J. Horn and F. Miller. Paper presented at the International Conference on Agriculture and the Environment held November 10-13, 1991, Columbus, Ohio. Includes references.
Descriptors: environmental-impact; economic-impact; social-costs; cost-benefit-analysis; usa
Abstract: Pesticides cause serious damage to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Thus, there is a need to curtail pesticide use and reduce the environmental impacts of pesticides. This study confirms that it should be possible to reduce pesticide use in the US by 50% without any decrease in crop yields or change in 'cosmetic standards'. The estimated increase in food costs would be only 0.6%. This increased cost, however, does not take into account the environmental and public benefits of reducing pesticide use by 50%.

149.
NAL Call No.: S451.5.A1W56--1995
Environmentally sustainable agriculture in Canada : an overview and assessment of critical needs.
Winfield, M.; Rabantek, J.; Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy. Toronto, Ont. : Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy, [1995] iv, 73 p. : ill., "July 1995." Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-55).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Canada; Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-United-States; Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-Europe; Sustainable- agriculture-Government-policy-Canada

150.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of risk-reducing inputs: wind machines for citrus.
Blank, S. C.; Venner, R. HortTechnology v.5(2): p.165- 170. (1995 Apr.-1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrus-sinensis; frost-protection; wind- machines; cost-benefit-analysis; energy-cost-of-activities; california

151.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Evaluating the sustainability of alternative farming systems: a case study.
Ikerd, J.; Devino, G.; Traiyongwanich, S. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1996. v. 11 (1) p. 25-29.
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; farming-systems; sustainability; assessment; environmental-impact; economic- impact; social-impact; federal-programs; case-studies; missouri; conservation-reserve-program; alternative-versus-conventional- farming-systems
Abstract: The sustainability of farming systems must be assessed by their potential environmental, economic, and social performance. We present a case study to illustrate an assessment of relative sustainability that uses all three performance criteria. We developed two scenarios for farmland currently enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in Putnam County, Missouri: a conventional scenario reflecting farming practices typical of northern Missouri, and an alternative that we hypothesize to be more environmentally sound. We used selected economic and social indicators to assess whether the latter would be at least as economically viable and socially responsible as the conventional system. Estimated direct farm income was $3.4 million for the alternative and $2.4 million for the conventional scenario. The alternative system applies more labor and management to a given land resource and may support more farming families. Estimated total community economic impacts were 25% greater for the alternative than the conventional farming scenario. CRP land, therefore, could be resumed to production in a way that could significantly enhance local economic and social benefits while retaining many of the CRP's environmental benefits.

152.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8552
Evaluation of a low-input, no-till, no-herbicide continuous grazing system.
Bertrand, J. A. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Southern Region. [1988-. 1995. 12 p.
SARE Project Number: LS93-54 (formerly under 30-5291). Record includes floppy disk. Date of report December 1, 1995.
Descriptors: dairy-cattle; rotational-grazing; no- tillage; low-input-agriculture; animal-health; economic-analysis; sustainability; south-carolina

153.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Evaluation of GPS for applications in precision agriculture.
Borgelt, S. C.; Harrison, J. D.; Sudduth, K. A.; Birrell, S. J. Appl eng agric v.12(6): p.633-638. (1996 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; satellite-surveys; remote-sensing; technology; applications; mapping; crop-yield; grain; soil; sampling; geographical-distribution; data- processing; accuracy; global-positioning-system; site-specific- farming
Abstract: Location coordinate information is needed in precision agriculture to map in-field variability, and to serve as a control input for variable rate application. Differential global positioning system (DGPS) measurement techniques were compared with other independent data sources for sample point location and combine yield mapping operations. Sample point location could be determined to within 1 m (3 ft) 2dRMS using C/A code processing techniques and data from a high-performance GPS receiver. Higher accuracies could be obtained with carrier phase kinematic positioning methods, but this required more time and was a less robust technique with a greater potential for data acquisition problems. Data from a DGPS C/A code receiver was accurate enough to provide combine position information in yield mapping. However, distance data from another source, such as a ground-speed radar or shaft speed sensor, was needed to provide sufficient accuracy in the travel distance measurements used to calculate yield on an area basis.

154.
NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Evaluation of the initial season for implementation of four tomato production systems.
Steffen, K. L.; Dann, M. S.; Harper, J. K.; Fleischer, S. J.; Mkhize, S. S.; Grenoble, D. W.; MacNab, A. A.; Fager, K.; Russo, J. M. J Am Soc Hortic Sci v.120(2): p.148-156. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; crop-management; organic-amendments; compound-fertilizers; trickle-irrigation; overhead-irrigation; mulching; plastic-film; straw-mulches; supports; pesticides; integrated-pest-management; biological- control-agents; application-date; application-methods; soil-ph; water-holding-capacity; comparisons; plant-composition; crop- yield; economic-analysis; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; myzus- persicae; alternaria-solani; disease-control; pest-control; experimental-plots; low-input-agriculture; pennsylvania; transition-period; high-input-agriculture
Abstract: During the initial season of implementation, four tomato production systems differing in soil management, pest control practices, and level of inputs, such as labor, materials, and management intensity were evaluated. These systems were CON, a low input (no mulch, no trellising, overhead irrigation, preplant fertilization, scheduled pest control), conventional agrichemical system; BLD, a high input [straw mulch, trellising trickle irrigation compost fertility amendment, integrated pest management (IPM)], ecologically-oriented system that emphasized the building up of soil organic matter levels and used no agrichemicals to supply fertility or for pest control; BLD+, a system similar to BLD, except that agrichemical pesticides were used; and ICM, a high input system (black polyethylene mulch, trellising, trickle irrigation, fertigation, IPM pest control) that used agrichemicals to supply fertility and for pest control Soil characteristics and fertility levels in the BLD and BLD+ systems were modified with extensive amendments of spent mushroom compost and well-rotted cattle manure. Levels of agrichemical NPK calculated to meet current crop needs were supplied to the CON and ICM systems, with 75% of fertility in the ICM system supplied through the trickle irrigation lines (fertigation). The BLD system bad a greater soil water holding capacity and sharply reduced irrigation requirements. During a wet period, fruit cracking and evidence of water-mold root rot were significantly higher in the ICM system than the BLD and CON systems. Defoliation by Alternaria solani was greatest in the BLD system and least in the ICM system. The BLD and ICM systems resulted in a 1 week earlier peak yield compared to the CON system. The yield of No. 1 fruit was 55% to 60% greater in the BLD+ system than the other three systems, which were comparable in yield. Net return was highest in the BLD+ system, although the benefit/cost ratio was greatest in the CON system. This multidisciplinary study has identified important differences in the performance of diverse production systems during the unique transitional season.

155.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Expected crop yield loss when converting to organic dairy farming in Denmark.
Halberg, N.; Kristensen, I. S. Biol agric hortic v.14(1): p.25-41. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; organic-farming; farming- systems; crop-production; crop-yield; yield-losses; farm-inputs; simulation-models; linear-models; denmark; organic-versus- conventional-farming-systems

156.
NAL Call No.: SB123.3.G46
Exploiting the diversity of barley landraces in Ethiopia.
Lakew, B.; Semeane, Y.; Alemayehu, F.; Gebre, H.; Grando, S.; Leur, J. A. G. v.; Ceccarelli, S. Genet resour crop evol v.44(2): p.109-116. (1997 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; landraces; lines; germplasm; plant-genetic-resources; genetic-diversity; plant- collections; crop-yield; grain; low-input-agriculture; centers- of-diversity; trials; ethiopia

157.
NAL Call No.: aS441.E97--1997
Exploring sustainability in agriculture : ways to enhance profits, protect the environment and improve quality of life.
Sustainable Agriculture Network. Washington, D.C. : Sustainable Agriculture Network, [1997?]
Title from caption.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-United-States; Sustainable-agriculture-United-States-Case-studies
Abstract: Explores different ways that farmers in the United States are enhancing profits, protecting the environment, and improving the quality of life by using sustainable agriculture practices.

158.
NAL Call No.: TD427.A35A49-1993
Factors affecting initial use and decision to abandon banded pesticide applications.
Rikoon, J. S.; Vickers, R.; Constance, D. Agricultural research to protect water quality proceedings of the conference February 21-24, 1993 Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Ankeny, IA : The Society, [1993]. p. 335-337.
Includes references.
Descriptors: pesticides; band-placement; farmers; usage; innovation-adoption; decision-making; regional-surveys; water-pollution; water-quality; low-input-agriculture

159.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
Family factors affecting adoption of sustainable farming systems.
Salamon, S.; Farnsworth, R. L.; Bullock, D. G.; Yusuf, R. J soil water conserv v.52(4): p.265-271. (1997 July-1997 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming; alternative-farming; family- farms; sustainability; innovation-adoption; resistance-to-change; farm-families; rural-sociology; conventional-farming

160.
NAL Call No.: HT401.J68
Farm business and the development of alternative farm enterprises: an emperical analysis in Greece.
Damianos, D.; Skuras, D. J rural stud v.12(3): p.273- 283. (1996 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-enterprises; off-farm-employment; traditional-farming; decision-making; ancillary-enterprises; agricultural-households; probability; rural-development; greece; etolia-akarnania; greece; conventional-farming; pluriactive- rural-households
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework and an empirical evidence of farm business change in relation to the adoption and development of alternative farm enterprises (AFE). The present paper adopts a business typology and looks at the various paths of development. A range of factors condition which path of farm business development will be selected. Some factors relate to the farms' physical characteristics, its business and its human capital. A sample of 200 farmers in the prefecture of Etolia-Akarnania in Greece is analysed in order to identify the factors influencing the choice of farm business development. Three main paths of farm business development are identified in this lagging region of Greece. Conventional (mainstream) farming, alternative farm enterprise development and conventional farming with off-farm employment. Appropriate statistical modelling revealed that both economic and social factors exert an independent effect on the choice of farm business development. Proposals concerning the formulation of future rural policy in the lagging regions of Greece are drawn, based on the results derived from the analysis of the present sample.

161.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8554
Farm improvement club network for sustainable agriculture.
Matheson, N. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Western Region. [1988-. 1995. 14 p.
SARE Project Number: LW91-23. This is a final report.
Descriptors: clubs; rural-communities; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; public-relations; organizations; diffusion-of-information; sustainable-farm-practices; alternative-energy-resources-organization; non-government- organizations

162.
NAL Call No.: S530.E97
Farmer rationality and the adoption of environmentally sound practices; a critique of the assumptions of traditional agricultural extension.
Vanclay, F.; Lawrence, G. Eur j agric educ ext v.1(1): p.59-90. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: extension; sustainability; low-input- agriculture; farmers'-attitudes; innovation-adoption; environmental-protection; social-benefits; economic-impact; australia; usa; europe; barriers-to-innovation-adoption

163.
NAL Call No.: BJ52.5.J68
Farmers' attitudes about farming and the environment: a survey of conventional and organic farmers.
Sullivan, S.; McCann, E.; De Young, R.; Erickson, D. J agric environ ethics v.9(2): p.123-143. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farmers; comparisons; organic-farming; farmers'-attitudes; regional-surveys; work-satisfaction; agricultural-land; ethics; environmental-degradation; moral- values; crop-management; environmental-protection; land-use; conservation; crop-husbandry; michigan

164.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.J68
The farmers' plea to environmentalists.
Avery, D. T. J agribusiness v.14(1): p.1-14. (1996 Spring)
Paper presented November 9, 1995, Athens, Georgia. Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; crop-yield; comparisons; environmental-protection; environmental-impact; wildlife; habitat-destruction; population-growth; food- production; usa; habitat-conservation; high-yield-farming; low- yield-farming

165.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86F28--1997
Farmers' research in practice : lessons from the field.
Veldhuizen, L. v. London : Intermediate Technology Publications, 1997. xi, 285 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Research

166.
NAL Call No.: S445.F472--1996
Farming more sustainably in the South. vol. 2, More farmers' stories.
Richards, K. S.; Drouilhet, S.; Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group. Elkins, AR : Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group, c1996. ii, 40 p. : ill., Cover title. "January 1996"-- verso. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Southern-States; Sustainable- agriculture-Economic-aspects-Southern-States; Plants-Diseases- and-pests-Biological-control-Southern-States

167.
NAL Call No.: HD1491.U6G76--1997
Farms of tomorrow revisited : community supported farms, farm supported communities. 1st ed.
Groh, T.; McFadden, S. Kimberton, PA : Biodynamic Farming and Gardening Association, c1997. xvi, 294 : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-292).
Descriptors: Agriculture,-Cooperative-United-States; Alternative-agriculture-United-States

168.
NAL Call No.: HD1775.S8R47--no.96-1
Feasibility exploration : "perfectly" integrated crop- livestock production.
Taylor, D. C.; Rickerl, D. H.; South Dakota State University. Economics Dept. Brookings, S.D. : Economics Dept., South Dakota State University, [1996] iv, 43 p. : ill., map, "June 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-South-Dakota; Crops-South-Dakota; Livestock-South-Dakota

169.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.5.F43--1996
Feeding the world, preventing poverty, and protecting the earth : a 2020 vision.
International Food Policy Research Institute. Washington, D.C. : IFPRI, c1996. 28 p. : col. ill. ; 22 x 28 cm.
Descriptors: Poverty-Case-studies; Food-supply-Case-studies; Sustainable-agriculture-Case-studies; Environmental-protection- Case-studies

170.
NAL Call No.: aHD1491.U6R87
A fertile trend: local co-ops embracing low-impact fertilizer technology.
Eversull, E. E. Rural-coop. Washington, DC : Rural Business/Cooperative Development Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture : Supt. of Docs., G.P.O. [distributor], [1996-. July/Aug 1997. v. 64 (3) p. 17-19.
Descriptors: cooperative-activities; farming-systems; cropping-systems; precision-agriculture

171.
NAL Call No.: 57.9-F41
Fertilisers for the future.
Kongshaug, G. Proc-Fert-Soc. Peterborough : The Fertiliser Society. 1995. (374) 36 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: fertilizers; agricultural-policy; forecasting; yield-forecasting; farm-size; regulations; alternative-farming; europe

172.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery in a no-till wheat-sorghum- fallow-wheat sequence.
Porter, L. K.; Follett, R. F.; Halvorson, A. D. Agron j v.88(5): p.750-757. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; sorghum-bicolor; fallow; rotations; intensive-cropping; no-tillage; nitrogen- fertilizers; application-rates; nutrient-uptake; mineralization; immobilization; leaching; losses-from-soil; crop-residues; residual-effects; recovery; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrogen-content; soil; plant-composition; nitrogen-cycle; soil-nitrogen-dynamics; fertilizer-nitrogen-balance
Abstract: No-till cropping in the semiarid Central Great Plains increases water storage during fallowing, which allows farmers to use an intensive cropping sequence of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow-winter wheat. The purpose of this 15N field study was to provide as complete accounting as possible of fertilizer N dynamics (changes in the NO3-N pool, fertilizer N uptake by plants, fertilizer N carryover effects, and mineralization and uptake of labeled N from wheat residues) for this intensive cropping sequence. Main-plot treatments were 0, 56, and 112 kg N ha-1. Eight microplots were established within all main plots. For the main plots that received 56 and 112 kg N ha-1, two microplots received no K15NO3, and one of these microplots had its nonlabeled wheat residues exchanged with labeled residues. Six microplots were treated with K15NO3, one-third received K15NO3 the first year, one-third the second year, and one-third both years. There was no detectable NO3 leaching. Mineralization, fertilizer application, and plant uptake had dramatic effects on the soil NO3-N pool. Both N rates increased the total N concentration and N uptake of aboveground biomass of the first wheat crop and the sorghum crop over the unamended treatment, whereas only the highest fertilizer N rate increased the total N uptake of the unfertilized second wheat crop. Plant N uptake transferred the majority of fertilizer NO3 to aboveground biomass, and crop residue deposition, immobilization, and mineralization maintained the fertilizer N in the top 60 cm of soil. At the end of the 4-yr cropping sequence. 90 and 87% of the applied fertilizer N was accounted for at the 56 and 112 kg N ha- 1. rates, respectively. Of this N, generally 24 to 28% remained in the soil. The 10 to 13% of the applied fertilizer N that was unaccounted for was probably lost by denitrification or NH3 volatilization.

173.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.F56--1996
Final results of the 1995 National Organic Farmers' Survey. Organic Farming Research Foundation 1995 national organic farmers' survey results. National Organic Farmers' Survey.
Organic Farming Research Foundation. Santa Cruz, CA (P.O. Box 440, Santa Cruz, CA 95061) : Organic Farming Research Foundation (OFRF), 1996. 40 p., Cover title. June 1, 1996. Funded by the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Flow Fund, Jessie Smie Noyes Foundation, and Farm Aid.
Descriptors: Organic-farming-United-States; Organic- farming-United-States-Information-services; Farm-produce-United- States-States-Marketing

174.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.F665
Food, agriculture, and the environment discussion paper.
International Food Policy Research Institute. Washington, D.C. : International Food Policy Research Institute, v. : ill.
Description based on: 9, title from analytical t.p.
Descriptors: Nutrition-policy; Sustainable-agriculture; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects
Abstract: A 2020 vision for food, agriculture, and the environment.

175.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S95F66--1996
Food-based approaches to preventing micronutrient malnutrition : an international research agenda : summary report of an international workshop.
Combs, G. F.; Cornell International Institute for Food, A. a. D. Ithaca, NY : Cornell University, c1996. viii, 68 p. : ill., Workshop held in Salt Lake City, Utah, November 6-9, 1995. "CIIFAD / Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development."--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59).
Descriptors: Agricultural-systems; Malnutrition; Trace- elements-in-nutrition; Sustainable-agriculture

176.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86I5
Food security and local production of biopesticides in Cuba.
Rosset, P.; Moore, M. ILEIA newsl v.13(4): p.18-19. (1997 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: low-input-agriculture; sustainability; integrated-pest-management; cuba

177.
NAL Call No.: 60.19-B773
Forage production by two Lotus species as influenced by companion grass species.
Hopkins, A.; Martyn, T. M.; Johnson, R. H.; Sheldrick, R. D.; Lavender, R. H. Grass forage sci v.54(4): p.343-349. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lotus-corniculatus; lotus-uliginosus; festuca-pratensis; phleum-pratense; agrostis-capillaris; poa- pratensis; herbage; dry-matter; crop-yield; plant-competition; in-vitro-digestibility; botanical-composition; low-input- agriculture; persistence; rain; environmental-temperature; fodder-legumes; sowing-rates; companion-crops; crop- establishment; south-west-england

178.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Fungicide use reduction in apple production--potentials or pipe dreams.
Penrose, L. J. Agric ecosyst environ v.53(3): p.231-242. (1995 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus; orchards; plant-pathogenic-fungi; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control; integrated-control; integrated-pest-management; fungicides; utilization; low-input- agriculture; social-benefits; risk; losses

179.
NAL Call No.: 30.98-Ag8
Further observations on the changing nature of National Agricultural Policy decision processes, 1946-1995.
Bonnen, J. T.; Browne, W. P.; Schweikhardt, D. B. Agric hist v.70(2): p.130-152. (1996 Spring)
In the special issue: Twentieth-century farm policies. Paper presented at a symposium held June 8-10, 1995, College Park, Maryland. Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-policy; decision-making; federal-government; legislation; interest-groups; commodities; regionalization; trade-agreements; federal-programs; history; usa

180.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
The future of herbicides in weed control systems of the Great Plains.
Lyons, D. J.; Miller, S. D.; Wicks, G. A. J prod agric v.9(2): p.209-215. (1996 Apr.-1996 June)
Paper presented at the symposium "Cropping Systems of the Great Plains" held during the ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meetings 1994, Seattle. Includes references.
Descriptors: weed-control; chemical-control; herbicides; utilization; dry-farming; crop-production; sustainability; conservation-tillage; erosion-control; integrated-control; alternative-farming; trends; great-plains- states-of-usa
Abstract: Herbicides have played a vital role in dryland agriculture in the Great Plains since their introduction in the late 1940s. Herbicides have reduced the amount of tillage required for crop production. Reduced-tillage leaves crop residues at the soil surface, which results in greater soil water capture and retention, and reduces soil loss to wind and water erosion. Despite the benefits provided by herbicides, their future role in agriculture is uncertain. Trends including a decline in the introduction of new herbicides, the potential loss of older herbicides, a rapid increase in the number of cases of herbicide resistance in weeds, a dramatic increase in the capability to detect pesticides in the environment, and rising public concern about the effects of pesticides in the environment may indicate a reduction in herbicide use in the future. In order to retain herbicides as effective tools in sustainable crop production, strategies to maximize the efficiency of herbicide use must be developed and implemented. These strategies should include the use of crop rotation, competitive crops and cultivars, fertilizer placement technology, residue conserving tillage, biological control agents, and precision application technology.

181.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
G.P.S. controlled precision spraying minimizing costs and environmental impact.
Turner, C. I. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-. 1997. v. 1 p. 70.
Meeting held January 6-10, 1997, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references.
Descriptors: low-input-agriculture; remote-sensing; sustainability; insect-control; global-positioning-system

182.
NAL Call No.: SB123.P535
Genotypic variation for competitive ability in spring wheat.
Huel, D. G.; Hucl, P. Plant breed v.115(5): p.325-329. (1996 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; avena-sativa; brassica- juncea; genotypes; phenotypic-variation; crop-weed-competition; competitive-ability; plant-density; plant-development; crop- yield; yield-losses; weed-control; low-input-agriculture

183.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Government policy options: implications for weed management.
Ikerd, J. E. J prod agric v.9(4): p.491-495. (1996 Oct.- 1996 Dec.)
Paper presented at the symposium on "Integrating alternative strategies into weed management" held during the 1994 ASA-CSSA- SSSA annual meetings, Seattle. Includes references.
Descriptors: weed-control; integrated-control; agricultural-policy; government-policy; alternative-farming; sustainability
Abstract: Government farm programs directly and indirectly affect the economic viability of alternative systems of farming, and thus affect farmers' choices among alternative weed management strategies. The primary objective of farm policy since the 1930s has been to increase agricultural productivity, both for the short run benefit of farmers and the long run benefit of food and fiber consumers. Past policies have supported and subsidized highly specialized systems of farming that are inherently dependent on commercial chemicals for weed control. A shift in public priorities toward agricultural sustainability, which balances the goals of productivity with resource conservation and environmental protection, is changing government farm programs. Future farm policies are likely to support more diverse systems of farming and more integrated systems of weed management.

184.
NAL Call No.: SB13.E97
Grain nitrogen content of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as related to crop management and to the previous crop.
Debaeke, P.; Aussenac, T.; Fabre, J. L.; Hilaire, A.; Pujol, B.; Thuries, L. Eur J agron v.5(3/4): p.273-286. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; rotations; double- cropping; vicia-faba; pisum-sativum; hordeum-vulgare; brassica; zea-mays; glycine-max; helianthus-annuus; sorghum-bicolor; low- input-agriculture; long-term-experiments; crop-quality; grain; nutritive-value; protein-content; farm-inputs; nitrogen- fertilizers; fungicides; fungal-diseases; incidence; nutrient- uptake; nitrogen; heat; temperature; water-stress; application- rates; timing; application-date; france; nitrogen-nutrition-index

185.
NAL Call No.: 100-L939
Grass-clover vs grass-nitrogen forage systems for spring- calving beef cows.
Morrison, D. G.; Feazel, J. I.; Mooso, G. D.; Willis, C. C. La agric v.37(1): p.12-15. (1994 Winter)
Descriptors: beef-cows; calves; trifolium-repens; trifolium-incarnatum; cynodon-dactylon; lolium-multiflorum; oversowing; sown-grasslands; grazing; grassland-management; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; forage; crop-yield; feed-conversion; reproductive-efficiency; returns; low-input- agriculture; louisiana

186.
NAL Call No.: HN49.C6S82-no.3
Great Plains agroecologies: the continuum from conventional to alternative agriculture in Colorado.
Duram, L. A. Agricultural restructuring and sustainability a geographical perspective / p.153-166. (1997)
Includes references.

187.
NAL Call No.: HD9014.G92G76--1992-Ov
Growing dilemmas : Guatemala, the environment, and the global economy.
Asociacion para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales en Guatemala. PACCA (Organization). [Guatemala] : AVANCSO ; [Washington, D.C.] : PACCA ; Austin, Tex. : Documentation Exchange, 1992. 8 p. : col. ill., col. maps, Caption title. "Based on several years of research by AVANCSO ... in collaboration with researchers from the University of Texas at Austin, the University of California at Berkeley, and Stanford University"--P. 1. Includes bibliographical references (p. 8).
Descriptors: Produce-trade-Guatemala; Produce-trade- Environmental-aspects-Guatemala; Exports-Guatemala; Foreign- trade-promotion-Guatemala; Free-trade-Guatemala; Sustainable- agriculture-Guatemala; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Guatemala; Guatemala-Economic-conditions-1985

188.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.5.G76--1996
Growing food security : challenging the link between pesticides and access to food.
Dinham, B.; Pesticides Trust. Pesticides Action Network (Group). London : Pesticides Trust / PAN, c1996. 98 p., "A selection of articles by public interest non-governmental organisations concerned with the problems of relying on intensive inputs to solve questions of global food security." Cover title. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Food-supply; Pesticides; Sustainable- agriculture; Food-supply-Developing-countries; Pesticides- Developing-countries; Sustainable-agriculture-Developing- countries

189.
NAL Call No.: 99.9-F7662J
Harvesting economics and wood fiber utilization in a fuels reduction project: a case study in eastern Oregon.
Brown, C. G.; Kellogg, L. D. For prod j v.46(9): p.45- 52. (1996 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: harvesting; logging; salvage-felling-and- logging; thinning; forestry-machinery; cableways; logging- effects; fuels; production-costs; returns; profits; soil- compaction; habitats; small-mammals; hymenoptera; oregon; single- grip-harvesters; deerhorn-project

190.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A25B46--1995
Healthy food, healthy farms : pest management in the public interest.
Benbrook, C. M.; National Campaign for Pesticide Policy Reform (U.S.). Washington, D.C. : National Campaign for Pesticide Policy Reform, [1995] 44 p., "September 18, 1995."
Descriptors: Agricultural-chemicals-Environmental- aspects-United-States; Pesticides-Environmental-aspects-United- States; Organic-farming-Economic-aspects-United-States

191.
NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Herbicide reduction in metribuzin-based weed control programs in corn.
Hamill, A. S.; Zhang, J. Can j plant sci v.75(4): p.927- 933. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; metribuzin; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; weed-control; application-date; application-depth; application-methods; efficacy; weeds; plant- density; crop-yield; economic-analysis; returns; crop-growth- stage; cultivation; ontario

192.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Herbicide strategies for reducing nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) density in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).
Charles, G. W. Aust j exp agric v.37(2): p.231-241. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; cyperus-rotundus; plant-density; herbicides; herbicide-mixtures; irrigated- conditions; crop-yield; weed-control; chemical-control; new- south-wales

193.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
High quality camomile for North American commercial processing.
Letchamo, W.; Gosselin, A. Acta hortic (426): p.593-600. (1996 Aug.)
Paper presented at the International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, August 27-30, 1995, Amherst, Massachusetts. Includes references.
Descriptors: chamomilla-recutita; cultivars; crop- quality; sowing; timing; essential-oils; plant-composition; crop- yield; organic-farming; canada

194.
NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
High-tech fattens the bottom line.
Kaplan, J. K.; Senft, D.; Comis, D.; Lee, J. Agric res v.44(4): p.4-11. (1996 Apr.)
Descriptors: alternative-farming; farm-management; decision-making; computer-techniques; mapping; computer-software; agricultural-research; precision-farming

195.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
HOE 075032 for wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) control in canola (Brassica rapa).
Kirkland, K. J. Weed technol v.9(3): p.541-545. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-campestris; weed-control; sinapis-arvensis; chemical-control; sulfonylurea-herbicides; efficacy; crop-growth-stage; application-date; timing; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; seeds; yield-increases; saskatchewan

196.
NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Hot water a viable alternative to methyl bromide.
Mayo, C. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.52-1-52/8. (1995)
Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.
Descriptors: weeds; nematoda; plant-pathogens; control- methods; soil-heating; hot-water-treatment; application- equipment; prototypes; methodology; costs; low-input-agriculture; soil-temperature; exposure; time; soilborne-pathogens

197.
NAL Call No.: S592.8.H862--1997
Humic substances in soils, peats and waters : health and environmental aspects.
Hayes, M. H. B.; Wilson, W. S.; Royal Society of Chemistry. Information Services. International Conference on Humic Substances in Soils, Peats and Water: Implications for Plant Growth, Industry and Sustainable Environment (1995: Dublin Ireland). Meeting on the Role of Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture (1994: Silsoe, England). Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, Information Services, c1997. x, 496 p. : ill., Based on presentations from the international conference on Humic Substances in Soils, Peats and Water: Implications for Plant Growth, Industry and Sustainable Environment held in Dublin, 1995 and the meeting on the Role of Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture held in Silsoe, 1994. Includes bibliographies and index.
Descriptors: Humus-Congresses; Land-use-Environmental- aspects-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Congresses; Soil- fertility-Congresses

198.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.I5I33
ICARDA social science papers. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas social science papers.
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Aleppo, Syria : International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, 1995- v. : ill.
Title from cover.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Technology-transfer- Developing-countries; Sustainable-agriculture-Developing- countries; Arid-regions-agriculture-Economic-aspects-Developing- countries

199.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Imazapyr applied postemergence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) for broomrape (Orobanche cernua) control.
Garcia Torres, L.; Castejon Munoz, M.; Lopez Granados, F.; Jurado Exposito, M. Weed technol v.9(4): p.819-824. (1995 Oct.- 1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: helianthus-annuus; weed-control; parasitic-weeds; orobanche-cernua; chemical-control; imazapyr; efficacy; application-rates; application-date; timing; crop- growth-stage; developmental-stages; low-input-agriculture; crop- quality; crop-yield; cost-benefit-analysis; phytotoxicity; crop- damage; abiotic-injuries; spain

200.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Imazethapyr, alone or with other herbicides for weed control during alfalfa (Medicago sativa) establishment.
Darwent, A. L.; Cole, D.; Malik, N. Weed technol v.11(2): p.346-353. (1997 Apr.-1997 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: medicago-sativa; crop-establishment; weed- control; chemical-control; herbicide-mixtures; imazethapyr; fluazifop-p; sethoxydim; trifluralin; application-rates; low- input-agriculture; senecio-vulgaris; capsella-bursa-pastoris; brassica-campestris; avena-fatua; crop-yield; herbage; seeds; alberta

201.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.L352--1996
Impact of EC Regulation 2078/92 on the development of organic farming in the European Union.
Lampkin, N.; Welsh Institute of Rural Studies. Aberystwyth : University of Wales, [1996] 31 p. : ill., Cover title. "October 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-25).
Descriptors: Organic-farming-Economic-aspects-European- Union-countries; Agriculture-and-state-European-Union-countries

202.
NAL Call No.: HC10.S63
Impact of personal values on agricultural research.
Francis, C.; King, J. Soc nat resour v.10(3): p.273-282. (1997 May-1997 June)
Special Issue: The Politics and Policies of Sustainable Agriculture. Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; sustainability; economic-impact; social-impact; moral-values; agricultural- research

203.
NAL Call No.: HN49.C6I54
In the field : an update on Winrock International's agricultural rural development, and environmental programs around the world. In the field (Morrilton, Ark.).
Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development. Morrilton, Ark. : Development Office, Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, -1995. v. : ill.
Published: Communications & Public Affairs Division, -spring 1995. Description based on: Jan. 1993; title from caption. Included with: Seeds (Morrilton, Ark.).
Descriptors: Rural-development-Economic-aspects- Periodicals; Alternative-agriculture-Economic-aspects- Periodicals; Economic-development-Environmental-aspects- Periodicals

204.
NAL Call No.: aHD1751.A42
Incentives for sustainable agriculture.
Vasavada, U.; Hrubovcak, J.; Aldy, J. Agric outlook (238): p.21-24. (1997 Mar.)

205.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Influence of application timing on the efficacy of reduced rate postemergence herbicides for wild oat (Avena fatua) control in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare).
Stougaard, R. N.; Maxwell, B. D.; Harris, J. D. Weed technol v.11(2): p.283-289. (1997 Apr.-1997 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; weed-control; avena- fatua; chemical-control; imazamethabenz; diclofop; application- date; timing; crop-growth-stage; application-rates; low-input- agriculture; crop-yield; returns; economic-analysis; montana

206.
NAL Call No.: QH541.5.D4J6
Influence of cropping systems on soil biochemical properties in an arid rain-fed environment.
Rao, A. V.; Tarafdar, J. C.; Sharma, S. K.; Praveen Kumar.; Aggarwal, R. K. J-arid-environ. London, New York, Academic Press. Oct 1995. v. 31 (2) p. 237-244.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cyamopsis-tetragonoloba; vigna-radiata; pennisetum-glaucum; rotations; fallow-systems; soil-properties; physicochemical-properties; low-input-agriculture; sustainability; nitrogen-fixing-bacteria; vesicular-arbuscular- mycorrhizas; soil-organic-matter; comparisons; arid-zones; loam- soils; grain; straw; crop-yield; india; loamy-sand-soils

207.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Influence of narrow row/high population corn (Zea mays) on weed control and light transmittance.
Teasdale, J. R. Weed technol v.9(1): p.113-118. (1995 Jan.-1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; no-tillage; row-spacing; crop- density; population-density; cultural-weed-control; weed-control; chemical-control; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; atrazine; metolachlor; integrated-control; efficacy; crop-yield; grain; light-relations; transmittance; soil-water-content; crop- weed-competition; maryland

208.
NAL Call No.: Z672.I53
Information for research on sustainable agriculture in tropical America: a collective challenge.
Goldberg, E. D. Q bull Int Assoc Agric Inf Spec v.41(1): p.58-66. (1996)
Paper presented at the Ninth World Congress of the International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists on "Communicating Agricultural Information in Remote Places," Part I, January 23-26, 1995, Melbourne, Australia. Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; agricultural-research; information-services; consortia; databases; natural-resources; resource-management; international-cooperation; neotropical- region; latin-america

209.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Initial technical and economic comparisons of different farming systems in Ontario, Canada.
Stonehouse, D. P. Biol agric hortic v.13(4): p.371-386. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; comparisons; farming; organic-farming; alternative-farming; weed-control; chemical- control; cultural-control; integrated-control; low-input- agriculture; farm-size; specialization; farm-inputs; resource- utilization; crop-production; production-costs; crop-yield; market-prices; marginal-returns; income; fixed-costs; profitability; ontario; conventional-farming-systems; reduced- input-farming-systems

210.
NAL Call No.: SB950.A1P3
Integrated crop management: an approach to sustainable agricultural development.
Meerman, F.; Ven, G. W. J. v. de.; Keulen, H. v.; Breman, H. Int j pest manag v.42(1): p.13-24. (1996 Jan.-1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-management; integrated-systems; sustainability; agricultural-development; resource-management; soil-management; water-management; integrated-pest-management; tropics; soil-fertility; erosion; environmental-impact; farm- inputs; cropping-systems; reclamation; crop-production; environmental-factors; ecosystems; developing-countries; nutrient-management; agro-ecological-conditions; agroecosystems

211.
NAL Call No.: HC13.I544-1996
Integrated decision making for sustainability: a fuzzy MADM model for agriculture.
Dunn, E. G.; Keller, J. M.; Marks, L. A. Multiple objective decision making for land, water, and environmental management proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems MODSS for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications / International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications. Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers, c1998. p. 313-322.
Meeting held September 1996 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Edited by S.A. El-Swaify and D.S. Yakowitz. Includes references.
Descriptors: fuzzy-logic; sustainability; alternative- farming; farming-systems; missouri; multiple-attribute-decision- making

212.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
An integrated extension/research program for replacing herbicides with mechanical cultivation in New York State.
Pleasant, J. M. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast Region. [1988-. 1995. 13 p.
SARE Project Number: LNE 93-94. Record includes floppy disk. Date of report is December 1995.
Descriptors: zea-mays; tillage; minimum-tillage; no- tillage; atrazine; pendimethalin; band-placement; broadcasting; chemical-control; weed-control; cultural-weed-control; crop- yield; low-input-agriculture; extension; new-york

213.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ou8
Integrated farming in the Netherlands: flirtation or solid change.
Proost, J.; Matteson, P. Outlook-agric. Oxon : C.A.B. International. 1997. v. 26 (2) p. 87-94.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; low-input-agriculture; sustainability; environmental-policy; extension; innovation- adoption; food-marketing; integrated-pest-management; netherlands

214.
NAL Call No.: 57.9-F41
Integrated fertiliser management: the way forward for the Third World.
Keatinge, J. D. H. Proc-Fert-Soc. Peterborough : The Fertiliser Society. 1995. (369) 24 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: fertilizers; soil-fertility; soil- management; crop-production; rotations; low-input-agriculture; sustainability; hordeum-vulgare; triticum-aestivum; animal- production; sheep; cattle; developing-countries; syria; turkey

215.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8553
Integrated system for sustainability for high value field crops.
LeCureux, J. P. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects North Central Region. [1988-. 1995. 20 p.
SARE Project Number: LNC 94-64. Record includes floppy disk and several attachments. Reporting period for this report is October 1994 to October 1995.
Descriptors: beans; beta-vulgaris; beta-vulgaris-var; - saccharifera; zea-mays; conservation-tillage; cropping-systems; cover-crops; erosion-control; low-input-agriculture; profitability; sustainability; michigan; zone-tillage

216.
NAL Call No.: HC75.E5J6
The integration of environment into agricultural policies for rural Greece.
Hondraki Birbili, C.; Lucas, N. J. D. J environ manage v.49(3): p.337-353. (1997 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-policy; environmental- assessment; social-costs; cap; needs-assessment; rural- communities; case-studies; agricultural-situation; farming- systems; social-development; economic-development; farm-income; biomass; fuels; land-diversion; low-input-agriculture; crop- production; greece; paliambela,-aitoloakarnania,-greece; kalyvia,-aitoloakarnania,-greece; pagonda-ireon,-samons,-greece; grammenitsa,-arta,-greece; environmental-cost; communal-costs; energy-crops

217.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Integration of glyphosate and quizalofop with tillage for quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) management in continuous annual crop and legume plowdown rotations.
Darwent, A. L.; Clayton, G. W.; Drabble, J. C.; Mills, P. F.; Wolynetz, M. S. Weed technol v.10(4): p.923-930. (1996 Oct.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; brassica-campestris; trifolium-pratense; rotations; green-manures; tillage; cultural- weed-control; chemical-control; glyphosate; quizalofop; integrated-control; efficacy; crop-yield; yield-increases; low- input-agriculture; alberta

218.
NAL Call No.: HD1417.F25--1995
Integration of sustainable agriculture and rural development issues in agricultural policy : proceedings of the FAO/Winrock International Workshop on Integration of SARD Issues in Agricultural Policy, held in Rome, May 22-24, 1995. Proceedings of the FAO/Winrock International Workshop on Integration of SARD Issues in Agricultural Policy.
Breth, S. A.; FAO/Winrock International Workshop on Integration of SARD Issues in Agricultural Policy (1995 : Rome, Italy). Morrilton, Ark.: Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1996. xvi, 319 p., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-Developing- countries-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Developing- countries-Congresses; Rural-development-Developing-countries- Congresses

219.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86H49--1995
Intensive agriculture and environmental quality : examining the newest agricultural myth. Examining the newest agricultural myth.
Hewitt, T. I.; Smith, K. 1.; Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. [Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. WallaceInstitute for Alternative Agriculture, 1995]. 12 p. : ill., Caption title. "Report from the Henry Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture"--P. 1. "September 1995"
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Environmental- aspects; Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects; Food-supply

220.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Intercropping annual medic with conventional height and semidwarf barley grown for grain.
Moynihan, J. M.; Simmons, S. R.; Sheaffer, C. C. Agron j v.88(5): p.823-828. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; cultivars; medicago- sativa; medicago-lupulina; medicago-truncatula; medicago- polymorpha; intercropping; sole-cropping; crop-yield; grain; dry-matter-accumulation; weed-control; cultural-control; nitrogen-fertilizers; nitrogen-fixation; nutrient-sources; low- input-agriculture; minnesota
Abstract: Interseeding annual legumes with grain crops has been proposed as a cropping strategy to enhance ground cover, thereby reducing weed competition, suppressing soil erosion, and providing N for use by subsequent crops. The potential of annual medics (Medicago spp.) for intercropping in small-grain cropping systems has not been adequately assessed for the north-central United States. Our objective was to evaluate a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-annual medic intercrop system for barley grain yield, fall biomass production, suppression of fall weeds, and quantity of N available for incorporation into the soil. Field experiments were conducted in four Minnesota environments (Becker, Morris, Rosemount, and St. Paul). Conventional height 'Robust' end semidwarf 'Royal' barley were intercropped with each of three medic species ['George' black medic (M. lupulina L.), 'Mogul' barrel medic (M. truncatula Gaertn.) and 'Santiago' burr medic (M. polymorpha L.)]. Intercropping with medics reduced barley yields by an average of 6% at Rosemount, 30% at St. Paul, and 76% at Becker, compared with monoculture barley fertilized with N. Medics increased yields by 9% at Morris. Intercropping with medic reduced fall weed mass by an average of 65% across environments, compared with the fertilized 'Royal' monoculture. Nitrogen available for incorporation from the barley-medic intercrops ranged from 66 to 140 kg ha-1 over the environments, whereas N available for incorporation from fertilized barley monoculture ranged from 22 to 80 kg ha-1. We conclude that the prospects for successfully intercropping with annual medic in a barley grain production system are mixed and depend in part on the medic species used and barley stature. A. wider array of medic types should be evaluated for their suitability in intercropping with small grains.

221.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ou8
Intercropping in field vegetables as an approach to sustainable horticulture.
Theunissen, J. Outlook-agric. Oxon : C.A.B. International. 1997. v. 26 (2) p. 95-99.
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables; intercropping; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; farmers'-attitudes; food-quality; economic-impact

222.
NAL Call No.: S604.3.I56--1995
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development : an overview.
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. Kathmandu, Nepal : International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, c1995. 36 p. : col. ill., Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36).
Descriptors: International-Centre-for-Integrated- Mountain-Development; Hill-farming-Developing-countries; Rural- development-Developing-countries; Sustainable-agriculture- Developing-countries

223.
NAL Call No.: HD1415.M43--1994
The international market for organic agriculture. 1. ed. El mercado internacional de la agricultura organica.
Trapaga, Y.; Torres Torres, F. Mexico, D.F. : Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Investigaciones Economicas : Juan Pablos Editor, 1994. 232 p. : ill., maps, Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-232).
Descriptors: Agriculture-Economic-aspects; Agriculture- and-state; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects; Organic-farming; Sustainable-development; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Mexico; Agriculture-and-state-Mexico; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects- Mexico; Organic-farming-Mexico; Sustainable-development-Mexico

224.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Introduction: Alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture.
Sanchez, P. A. Agric ecosyst environ v.58(1): p.1-2. (1996 June)
In the special issue: Alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture / edited by P.A. Sanchez and M. Hailu. Paper presented at a symposium in the XV World Congress of Soil Science, July 11, 1994, Acapulco, Mexico. Includes references.
Descriptors: shifting-cultivation; humid-tropics; deforestation; environmental-impact; socioeconomics

225.
NAL Call No.: 64.9-Am3-no.58
Issues affecting application of noncomposted organic waste to agricultural land.
Edwards, J. H.; Burt, E. C.; Raper, R. L.; Walker, R. H. Agricultural utilization of urban and industrial by-products proceedings of a symposium sponsored by Divisions S-6 and S-7 of the Soil Science Society of America and A-5 of the American Society of Agronomy in Cincinnati, Ohio, 7-12 Nov 1993. Madison, Wis., USA : American Society of Agronomy : Crop Science Society of America : Soil Science Society of America, 1995. p. 225-249.
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste-utilization; organic-wastes; application-to-land; agricultural-land; soil-amendments; application-rates; composts; application-date; timing; seasons; application-methods; crop-production; growth-rate; carbon- nitrogen-ratio; biological-activity-in-soil; erosion; losses- from-soil

226.
NAL Call No.: QC981.8.C5K573--1997
Klimaanderung und Naturkatastrophen im Berggebiet : Auswirkungen auf die Landwirtschaft und ihr soziookonomisches Umfeld am Beispiel der Surselva GR.
Fluckiger, S.; Nationales Forschungsprogramm 31 "Klimaanderungen und Naturkatatastrophen". Zurich : VDF Hochschulverlag an der ETH Zurich, c1997. xx, 192, 22 p. : ill., "Projektschlussbericht im Rahmen des Nationalen Forschungsprogrammes "Klimaanderungen und Naturkatastrophen", NFP 31"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-192).
Descriptors: Climatic-changes-Switzerland-Surselva; Natural-disasters-Switzerland-Surselva; Agriculture-Effect-of- natural-disasters-on-Switzerland-Surselva; Agriculture-Economic- aspects-Switzerland-Surselva

227.
NAL Call No.: S541.5.W2R47
Land-grant university agricultural and natural resources research: perceptions and influence of external interest groups.
Butler, L. M.; Mtika, M.; Wilkins, J.; Murray, H.; Lev, L. S.; Gaines, L. J.; Carkner, R.; Dick, R. P. Res-bull-Wash-State- Univ,-Agric-Res-Cent. [Pullman, Wash.] : Agriculture Research Center, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1982-. 1994. (XB1031) 50 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-research; natural-resources; university-research; research-support; interest-groups; membership; attitudes; research-policy; objectives; sustainability; environment; economic-viability; interviews; data-analysis; washington; oregon; idaho

228.
NAL Call No.: S671.J68
Land use account of the ratio between paddy field, upland field and woodland: a case study of land use for sustainable agriculture in Yachi of Ibaraki Prefecture.
Yasutomi, R.; Mihara, M. J irrig eng rural plann (30): p.82-88. (1996 Feb.)
Paper presented at the CIGR International Conference, 1994, Milan, Italy. Includes references.
Descriptors: rice; agroforestry; upland-areas; woodlands; watersheds; land-use; sustainability; land-resources; resource-allocation; land-use-planning; japan

229.
NAL Call No.: 23-W52J
Land use planning for agriculture and sustainable rural development.
Kininmonth, I.; Bathgate, A.; George, R.; Van Gool, D. J- agric. South Perth, W.A. : Dept. of Agriculture, 1972-. 1996. v. 37 (3) p. 94-100.
Descriptors: land-use-planning; land-development; sustainability; rural-development; australia

230.
NAL Call No.: HC13.I544-1996
Land use planning for sustainable agriculture: are environmental conflicts inevitable.
El Swaify, S. A. Multiple objective decision making for land, water, and environmental management proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems MODSS for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications / International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications. Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers, c1998. p. 9- 21.
Meeting held September 1996 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Edited by S.A. El-Swaify and D.S. Yakowitz. Includes references.
Descriptors: environmental-factors; natural-resources; degradation; constraints; agricultural-production

231.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.U72H36--1996
Land use regulations supportive of sustaining agriculture and natural resources in urbanizing rural communities : evaluation criteria and municipal officials' perspectives.
Hammer, J.; Foster, K. Kutztown, PA : Rodale Institute, [1996] 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., "August, 1996." Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Urban-agriculture; Land-use,-Urban; Land- use,-Rural; Sustainable-development-Law-and-legislation; Conservation-of-natural-resources

232.
NAL Call No.: S478.V5C87--1996
Landcare in Victoria : a decade of partnerships.
Curtis, A. 1. Albury, NSW : Charles Sturt University, Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage, 1996. iv, 68 p : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 68).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Australia- Victoria; Land-use-Australia-Victoria-Evaluation; Land-use- Environmental-aspects-Australia-Victoria; Soil-conservation- Australia-Victoria

233.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Landscape and nature production capacity of organic types of agriculture: examples of organic farms in two Tuscan landscapes.
Rossi, R.; Nota, D.; Fossi, F. Agric ecosyst environ v.63(2/3): p.159-171. (1997 June)
In the special issue: Landscape values in agriculture: strategies for the improvement of sustainable production / edited by J.D. van Mansvelt and D.J. Stobbelaar. Includes references.
Descriptors: landscape; evaluation; agricultural-land; organic-farming; farms; land-use; land-management; italy

234.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Landscaping on a farm in northern Germany, a case study of conceptual and social fundaments for the development of an ecologically sound agro-landscape.
Beismann, M. Agric ecosyst environ v.63(2/3): p.173-184. (1997 June)
In the special issue: Landscape values in agriculture: strategies for the improvement of sustainable production / edited by J.D. van Mansvelt and D.J. Stobbelaar. Includes references.
Descriptors: landscape; land-development; land- management; agricultural-land; alternative-farming; land-use; environmental-management; sustainability; rural-sociology; germany; biodynamic-farming

235.
NAL Call No.: SB950.A1I66
Last-minute changes for the national organic program.
Quarles, W. IPM pract v.20(2): p.9-10. (1998 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; regulations; food- production; integrated-pest-management; usda; food-irradiation; organic-foods; usa; national-organic-standards-board-nosb

236.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Legume-based technologies for African Savannas: challenges for research and development.
Weber, G. Biol agric hortic v.13(4): p.309-333. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: low-input-agriculture; sustainability; legumes; cropping-systems; integrated-systems; farming-systems; farming-systems-research; innovations; diffusion-of-information; innovation-adoption; technology-transfer; lowland-areas; savannas; tropics; africa

237.
NAL Call No.: S592.17.A73A74
Ley farming--an alternate farming system for sustainability in the Indian arid zone.
Rao, A. V.; Singh, K. C.; Gupta, J. P. Arid soil res rehabil v.11(2): p.201-210. (1997 Apr.-1997 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ley-farming; alternative-farming; sustainability; soil-fertility; land-productivity; soil-water- retention; infiltration; saturated-hydraulic-conductivity; soil- enzymes; oxidoreductases; phosphoric-monoester-hydrolases; nitrogenase; enzyme-activity; soil-flora; soil-organic-matter; nitrogen-content; biological-activity-in-soil; aridisols; arid- soils; pennisetum-glaucum; crop-yield; india

238.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.I47L55--1993
Linking with farmers : networking for low-external-input and sustainable agriculture.
Alders, C.; Haverkort, B.; Veldhuizen, L. v. London : Intermediate Technology, 1993. vi, 298 p. : ill., maps, Bibliography: p. 281-286.
Descriptors: Agricultural-information-networks; Agriculture-Tropics; Tropical-regions-Agriculture

239.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.F66
Living with reduced insecticide use for tropical rice in Asia.
Pingali, P. L.; Gerpacio, R. V. Food policy v.22(2): p.107-118. (1997 Apr.)
In the section: Special feature papers: Changing pesticide policies / edited by L.J. Unnevehr, P.L. Pingali, and D. Zilberman. Includes references.
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; insecticides; application- rates; risk; crop-production; green-revolution; innovation- adoption; agricultural-policy; pest-control; economic-impact; productivity; asia; tropical-rice; minimum-insecticide-strategy; pesticide-policy
Abstract: The rapid growth in intensive rice production systems in Asia and the consequent increase in indiscriminate insecticide use led to, among others, a disruption in the pest- predator environment, pest outbreaks and yield losses. Adverse consequences on the environment, paddy ecology and human health have been well documented. This paper discusses the impacts of indiscriminate insecticide use, examines technologies for more judicious insecticide use and the risks associated with moving to a reduced insecticide use strategy. Policy and institutional requirements for implementing a reduced insecticide use strategy for rice are also presented.

240.
NAL Call No.: HD2130.356L66--1990
A Long term strategy for training of professional manpower for the agriculture and natural resources sector in the SADCC region, 1991-2010 : an abridged version of the blueprint.
Botswana. Southern African Centre for Co operation in Agricultural Research. Southern African Development Coordination Conference. Gaborone : Southern African Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural Research [1990] 14 leaves, "June 1990."
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-Africa,-Southern; Agricultural-productivity-Africa,-Southern; Manpower-policy- Africa,-Southern

241.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8553
Low-input beef cattle systems of production.
Klopfenstein, T. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects North Central Region. [1988-. 1995. 15 p.]
SARE Project Number: LNC 93-54. Record includes floppy disk. Reporting period for this report is September 1993 to November 1995.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; beef-production; ridging; zea-mays; low-input-agriculture; sustainability; grazing-systems; nebraska

242.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Low-input cherry production: a horticultural alternative for marginal highlands as a case study from Lebanon.
Talhouk, S. N.; Chahine, R. A.; Hamadeh, S.; Hamdar, B. C.; Baalbaki, R. HortScience v.31(7): p.1077-1079. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: prunus-avium; farmers'-attitudes; production-economics; low-input-agriculture; crop-production; cost-analysis; production-costs; farm-inputs; traditional- farming; mechanization; crop-yield; profitability; marginal-land; comparisons; sustainability; lebanon

243.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ex72
Low-input weed management and conservation tillage in semi-arid Zimbabwe.
Riches, C. R.; Twomlow, S. J.; Dhliwayo, H. Exp agric v.33(2): p.173-187. (1997 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; crop-management; cultural-weed- control; manual-weed-control; conservation-tillage; soil-water- content; water-availability; water-use-efficiency; crop-yield; semiarid-zones; low-input-agriculture; zimbabwe

244.
NAL Call No.: SB13.I52
Low input wheat management techniques are more efficient in ethanol production.
Loyce, C.; Meynard, J. M. Ind crop prod v.6(3/4): p.271- 283. (1997 Aug.)
In the special issue: Selected papers from the Third European Symposium on Industrial Crops and Products. Proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Industrial Crops and Products held April 1996, Reims, France. Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; ethanol-production; low-input-agriculture; crop-management; simulation-models; economic-analysis; nitrates; energy-balance; pesticides; pollution; profitability; sowing-date; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; application-date; sowing-rates; plant-growth- regulators; cultivars; biomass-production; france

245.
NAL Call No.: S482.S87-1997
Macroeconomic and sectoral policies, natural resources, and sustainable agricultural growth.
Barbier, E. B. Sustainability, growth, and poverty alleviation a policy and agroecological perspective / p.119- 134. (1997)
Edited by Vosti, S.A. and Reardon, T. Includes references.
Descriptors: developing-countries

246.
NAL Call No.: 281.28-R88
Making the transition from conventional to sustainable agriculture: gender, social movement participation, and quality of life on the family farm.
Meares, A. C. Rural sociol v.62(1): p.21-27. (1997 Spring)
Includes references.
Descriptors: family-farms; woman's-status; gender- relations; quality-of-life; small-farms; division-of-labor; marriage; traditional-farming; farming-systems; sustainability; farmers'-attitudes; work-study; participation; minnesota
Abstract: This qualitative study of a non-random sample of six farm couples in southeastern Minnesota was shaped by a question originally posed by the participating couples: Is quality of life changing in the same ways for women and men as a consequence of the transition to sustainable farming systems? Historically, the family farm has been treated in research and policy debates as a single unit, with little analysis applied to the multiplicity of interests and roles within the family. Some organizations of the sustainable agriculture movement have followed suit and largely ignored women's roles on the farm, despite their importance to farm operations. The social construct of gender has implications for how farmers in this study define quality of life which, in turn, affects participation in the sustainable agriculture movement. Much of what men emphasize in describing quality of life reflects the values the sustainable agriculture movement itself espouses. For their wives, descriptions of quality of life are largely entwined with their highly elastic gendered roles and responsibilities on the farm, in the household, in paid and unpaid work in the community, and much less with their involvement in the movement. Because women's different and important contributions to the farm and family are not institutionally recognized and addressed by the sustainable agriculture movement, the movement's goals, vision, and activities are gender-specific, dominated by men's participation and contributions.

247.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.J6
Marketing sustainable farming food products in Europe.
Giraud, G. J int food agribus mark v.9(3): p.41-55. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: food-products; food-marketing; consumer- behavior; feeding-habits; purchasing-habits; origin; location-of- production; market-competition; alternative-farming; sustainability; food-production; europe

248.
NAL Call No.: TP248.15.D57--no.95-11
Markets, moral economy and the ethics of sustainable agriculture.
Thompson, P. B. 1. College Station, TX : Center for Biotechnology Policy and Ethics, Texas A&M University, [1995] 27 leaves, "December 1995." "Draft for discussion only. Do not copy. Not for citation." Includes blbiographical references (leaves 26-27).

249.
NAL Call No.: HD1484.K36--1997
Maximizing shareholder retention in southeastern CSAs : a step toward long term stability.
Kane, D. J.; Lohr, L.; Organic Farming Research Foundation. Portland, OR : D. Kane, c1997. 19, [13] p. : ill., "This study is supported by a grant from the Organic Farming Research Foundation (OFRF) in Santa Cruz, CA"--P. [2] of cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-19).
Descriptors: Agriculture,-Cooperative-United-States; Organic-farming-United-States

250.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Methodological issues in comparative agro-economic on- farm research assessments of organic versus conventional farming techniques.
Werf, E. v. d.; Kariuki, J.; Onduru, D. D. Biol agric hortic v.14(1): p.53-69. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; farming; farming-systems; farming-systems-research; comparisons; methodology; data- collection; experimental-design; data-processing; data-analysis; performance; kenya; agro-economic-performance

251.
NAL Call No.: DISS--F1991281
Methodology to evaluate costs associated with alternative agricultures. Une methodologie pour evaluer les couts associes a la production des agricultures alternatives.
Serpa Duran, J. E.; Universite Laval. Groupe de recherche en economie et politique agricoles. [Sainte-Foy, Quebec] : Groupe de recherche en economie et politique agricoles, Departement d'economie rurale, [1991] xii, 185 p. : ill., "91-06." "Septembre 1991." These (M. Sc.)--Universite Laval, 1991. Includes bibliographical references (p. [155]-174).
Descriptors: Alternative-agriculture; Alternative- agriculture-Economic-aspects; Agricultural-ecology-Economic- aspects; Environmental-protection-Economic-aspects; Conservation- of-natural-resources-Economic-aspects

252.
NAL Call No.: HC10.S63
Modern Amish farming as ecological agriculture.
Blake, K. V.; Cardamone, E. A.; Hall, S. D.; Harris, G. R.; Moore, S. M. Soc nat resour v.10(2): p.143-159. (1997 Mar.-1997 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming; farming-systems; sustainability; pesticides; fertilizers; rural-communities; ethnic-groups; new- york

253.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
Moldova: moving towards a sustainable agriculture.
Hill, R. L.; Holderbaum, J. F.; Boinchan, B.; Decker, A. M. J soil water conserv v.52(4): p.215-219. (1997 July-1997 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-situation; agricultural- structure; agricultural-production; sustainability; soil- conservation; conservation-tillage; environmental-protection; federal-aid; federal-programs; international-cooperation; technology-transfer; moldova; usa

254.
NAL Call No.: HF5686.A36L48--1996
Monitoring sustainable agriculture with conventional financial data : first in a series of publications based on the work of the Biological, Social and Financial Monitoring Team.
Levins, R. A.; Land Stewardship Project (U.S.). United States. Cooperative State Research Service. White Bear Lake, MN : Land Stewardship Project, [1996] 29 p. : ill., "June, 1996." "This material is based upon work supported by the Cooperative State Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, under grant/cooperative agreement #LWF 62-016-03144"--P. 29.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects- United-States

255.
NAL Call No.: SB320.J68
Mulching for nutsedge control in field-grown peppers.
Igbokwe, P. E. J veg crop prod v.2(1): p.47-53. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: capsicum-frutescens; cyperus-rotundus; perennial-weeds; cultural-weed-control; geotextiles; mulches; polyethylene-film; pine-needles; low-input-agriculture; crop- production; growth-rate; crop-yield; crop-quality; mississippi; black-plastic-film; marketable-yield

256.
NAL Call No.: Videocassette--no.2666
My father's garden.
Smith, M. 1. & Miranda Smith Productions. Bullfrog Films, i. Oley, PA : Bullfrog Films, Inc., c1995. 1 videocassette (58 min.) : sd., col. and b&w.
Descriptors: Family-farms-Florida/ Family-farms-North- Dakota/ Sustainable-agriculture-United-States/ Agricultural- ecology-United-States/ Agricultural-chemicals-Environmental- aspects-United-States/ Pesticides-Environmental-aspects-United- States/ Organic-farming-Environmental-aspects-United-States/ Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States/ Family-farms- Economic-aspects-United-States

Abstract: In less than fifty years agriculture has been transformed by synthetic chemicals which have had a serious impact on the environment and on the health of farm families. This film tells the story of two farmers. Herbert Smith, championed the new miracle sprays of the 50's in his orange grove in Florida, while Fred Kirschenmann of North Dakota, steered his land through the transition to organic farming to prove, 20 years later, that sustainable organic agriculture is a viable economic alternative for any size farm.
257.
NAL Call No.: SB951.J34--1997
The myths and realities of pesticide reduction : a reader's guide to understanding the full economic impacts.
Jaenicke, E. C. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture, [1997] iv, 35 p. : ill., Inlcudes bibliographical references (p. 31-35).
Descriptors: Pesticides-Economic-aspects; Pesticides- Law-and-legislation

258.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Nature and landscape development on organic farms.
Vereijken, J. F. H. M.; Gelder, T. v.; Baars, T. Agric ecosyst environ v.63(2/3): p.201-220. (1997 June)
In the special issue: Landscape values in agriculture: strategies for the improvement of sustainable production / edited by J.D. van Mansvelt and D.J. Stobbelaar. Includes references.
Descriptors: farmland; land-development; land- management; landscape; quality; land-use-planning; organic- farming; farmers'-attitudes; management; environmental- management; sustainability; netherlands; biodynamic-farming; landscape

259.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.F66
The nature of agricultural systems: food security and environmental balance.
Cassman, K. G.; Harwood, R. R. Food policy v.20(5): p.439-454. (1995 Oct.)
In the special issue: Getting agriculture moving / edited by C.P. Timmer. Includes references.
Descriptors: rice; wheat; food-production; farming- systems; crop-yield; high-yielding-varieties; soil-degradation; food-supply; asia; developing-countries; soil-quality
Abstract: Global food security in the future will depend on growth in production in those areas of the world with favourable soils, adequate water resources, and high yields from wheat and rice cropping. Because the area devoted to rice and wheat cultivation in these favourable conditions has been stagnant or declining since the 1980s, with little prospect for reversing the trend, increases in grain production must come from increases in yield per hectare. To achieve the needed increases in yields of basic food grains, a broad range of constraints facing existing production systems must be removed. Additional inputs for crop production are needed, and new technologies, which have yet to be developed, are essential for managing crop nutrients, pests and diseases. Under normal economic conditions, optimal farm management of high-intensity agriculture produces grain yields that approach 80% of the technical ceiling achieved on experimental plots. As Asian farmers approach this 80% limit, pushing out the technical yield ceiling will be crucial for maintaining growth in cereal yields into the 21st Century. If management practices focus on short-run profitability rather than on long-run sustainability, the challenge to scientists seeking to raise yield potential becomes more complex because of the deteriorating soil environment in which crops are grown. Most of the agricultural land in the developing world has less-favourable endowments of soil and water resources than do the high- productivity farming areas of Asia. These regions are home to the majority of the world's poor. Developments in production ecology suggest that significant improvement is possible in the management of biological processes that govern the efficiency and. sustainability of the agricultural systems that dominate in these poorly endowed areas. But a substantial investment in research for crop production will be required.

260.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
The need for a systems approach to sustainable agriculture.
Ikerd, J. E. Agric ecosyst environ v.46(1/4): p.147-160. (1993 Sept.)
In the special issue: Agriculture and the environment / edited by C.A. Edwards, M.K. Wali, D.J. Horn and F. Miller. Paper presented at the International Conference on Agriculture and the Environment held November 10-13, 1991, Columbus, Ohio. Includes references.
Abstract: Differences between conventional and sustainable paradigms of agriculture are much more a matter of differences in farming philosophy than of farming practices or methods. The conventional model of agriculture is fundamentally an industrial development model which views farms as factories and considers fields, plants, and animals as production units. The goal of industrial development is to increase human well- being by increasing production of material goods and services and simultaneously increasing aggregate employment and incomes. The underlying assumption of the industrial model is that a higher quality of life can be derived from increases in income and consumption of goods and services. A fundamental strategy for industrial development has been to specialize, routinize, and mechanize agricultural production in order to achieve the economic efficiencies that are inherent in large-scale industrial production. New technologies are designed to remove physical and biological constraints to production and, thus, make unlimited progress possible. Sustainable agriculture, on the other hand, is based on a holistic paradigm or model of development which views production units as organisms that consist of many complex interrelated suborganisms, all of which have distinct physical, biological, and social limits. People are viewed as part of the organisms or systems from which they derive their well-being. Quality of life is considered to be a consequence of interrelationships among people and between people and the other physical and biological elements of their environment. Fundamental strategies for sustainable development include diversification, integration, and synthesis. Whole systems have qualities and. characteristics that are not contained in their individual parts or components. The same set of components or parts may be rearranged spatially or sequentially resulting in a unique system or whole for each new arrangement. People increase their well-being by using information and knowledge to manage or rearrange the components of systems, resources, processes, and technologies in ways that enhance the productivity or 'well- being' of those systems. Human progress is limited only by our ability to enhance the social, biological, and physical systems of which we are a part. Sustainable agriculture requires a holistic systems approach to farm resource management. A component approach focusing on individual farming practices, methods, and enterprises may have been appropriate for the era of agricultural industrialization. However, a systems approach which focuses on knowledge-based development of whole farms and communities will be required to address the environmental, economic, and social challenges of the post-industrial era of agricultural sustainability.

261.
NAL Call No.: HC10.S63
Networking knowledge in the sustainable agriculture movement: some implications of the gender dimension.
Hassanein, N. Soc nat resour v.10(3): p.251-257. (1997 May-1997 June)
Special Issue: The Politics and Policies of Sustainable Agriculture. Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; sustainability; personal-support-networks; farmers'-associations; rural-women; knowledge; cultural-sociology; usa; sustainable-farming-networks

262.
NAL Call No.: 100-Al1H
New cultivators cut herbicide use in conservation tillage.
Patterson, M. G.; Monks, C. D.; Norris, B. E.; Wells, L. W. Highlights agr res v.42(1): p.21-22. (1995 Spring)
Descriptors: cultivators; gossypium-hirsutum; conservation-tillage; low-input-agriculture; herbicides; requirements; cultural-weed-control; crop-yield; high-residue- cultivators

263.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86N48--1994
New directions for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries : strategies for sustainable agriculture and rural development.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992 : Rio de Janeiro, B.) Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1994. 64 p. : ill., "A follow-up to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and the Agenda 21 Programme of Action for Sustainable Development .. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992"--P. [4] of cover. "M-00"--T.p. verso.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture; Sustainable- forestry; Sustainable-fisheries

264.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.6.N49--1996
New partnerships for sustainable agriculture.
Thrupp, L. A.; CARE (Firm). World Resources Institute. Washington, DC : World Resources Institute, [1996] viii, 136 p. : ill. (some col.), "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture,-Cooperative-Case-studies; Agricultural-innovations; Agricultural-productivity; Sustainable- development

265.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Nitrate leaching from soils under a maize-wheat-maize sequence, two irrigation schedules and three types of fertilisers.
Diez, J. A.; Roman, R.; Caballero, R.; Caballero, A. Agric ecosyst environ v.65(3): p.189-199. (1997 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; zea-mays; triticum- aestivum; rotations; irrigation-water; water-management; irrigation-scheduling; nitrogen-fertilizers; nutrient-sources; urea; slow-release-fertilizers; refuse-compost; nitrate; leaching; losses-from-soil; water-use-efficiency; drainage-water; water-quality; soil-water-balance; water-pollution; aquifers; crop-yield; nitrogen; nutrient-uptake; use-efficiency; mediterranean-climate; spain; nitrate-loading

266.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
No till corn in living alfalfa sod.
Littlefield, R.; Littlefield, M. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 151-152.
Descriptors: zea-mays; crop-production; medicago- sativa; alternative-farming; sustainability

267.
NAL Call No.: SB363.N67
Northeast sustainable apple production newsletter. (Sustainable Agriculture, Research and Education apple newsletter.)
SARE Apple Production Project. Amherst, MA : The Project, [1992- v. : ill.
Title from caption.
Descriptors: Apples-Northeastern-States-Periodicals; Sustainable-agriculture-Northeastern-States-Periodicals

268.
NAL Call No.: 275.29--G29B-no.1015
Nursery production : an agricultural alternative.
Midcap, J. T. Athens : Cooperative Extension Service, The University of Georgia, College of Agriculture, [1989] 23 p. : ill., "July 1989."--Back cover. Cover title.

269.
NAL Call No.: HD1405.E25-1997
Obstacles to increasing sustainable agricultural productivity in Latin America.
Barraclough, S. L. Economic development and agricultural productivity. Cheltenham, UK ; Lyme, NH : Edward Elgar, c1997. p. 136-161, 258-274.
Edited by A. Bhaduri and R. Skarstein. Comment by C. Kay, p. 154- 161. Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-production; productivity; regional-development; trends; sustainability; economic-growth; latin-america

270.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Optimizing use of grass on dairy farms for environmental/economic sustainability.
Cherney, J. H. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast Region. [1988-. 1995. 64 p.
SARE Project Number: LNE94-42. Record includes floppy disk. Date of report December 1995.
Descriptors: permanent-grasslands; grassland- management; grasses; plant-composition; manures; forage; crop- quality; hay; crop-yield; profitability; dairy-farms; low-input- agriculture; new-york; best-management-practices

271.
NAL Call No.: S475.U8C66--1994
Organic agricultural production. Produccion organica : experiencias, tecnologias y posibilidades comerciales de la agricultura sustenable en el Uruguay.
Cuchman, A.; Diverso, G.; Villverde, H.; Congreso Nacional de Agricultura Organica (1st : 1994 : Montevideo, U. C. A. O. F. O. Montevideo : CEADU/Agricultura Organica : FESUR, c1995. 200 p., "Basado en las ponencias del 'Primer Congreso Nacional de Agricultura Organica' organizado por CEADU/Agricultura Organica los dias 9, 10 y 11 de diciembre de 1994 en la ciudad de Montevideo."
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Uruguay- Congresses; Organic-farming-Uruguay-Congresses; Natural-foods- Uruguay-Congresses

272.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Organic farmers and conventional distribution systems: the recent expansion of the organic food market in Denmark.
Michelsen, J. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1996. v. 11 (1) p. 18-24.
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-foods; distribution; systems; domestic-markets; cooperative-marketing; supermarkets; supply- balance; organic-farming; denmark
Abstract: In 1993, a breakthrough occurred for sales of organic food products in conventional supermarkets in Denmark. Since then, sales have increased markedly and consumers now have a choice between organic and conventional food products in nearly all supermarkets. This success owes much to the intense efforts of three main groups since the mid-1980s. First, organic farmers have increased production and successfully managed economic and organizational problems. Second, the Danish State has supported sales of organic products and farmers' conversion to organic farming by supporting marketing and product innovation and by organizing producers. Third, the largest Danish supermarket chain has contributed by its steady demand for organic products since 1981. Today, all major supermarkets in Denmark are supplied by conventional distributors that handle the products of small organic producer organizations. For nearly two years the system has kept up the positive effects of a market expansion process that was initiated by a major advertising campaign and a modest drop in consumer prices.

273.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.S38--1995
Organic farming reports by a Japanese couple. Shinso kaihan. Mugikusa tsushin : yuki nogyo no genba kara.
Sato, Y.; Sato Noriko. Kofu-Shi : Yamanashi Furusato Bunko ; Tokyo : hatsubaimoto Seiunsha, 1995. 225 p. : ill., Descriptors: Sato-Yukio; Sato,-Noriko; Organic-farming- Japan-Takane-machi; Farmers-Japan-Biography

274.
NAL Call No.: HC79.E5S867-1997
Organic food exporting in New Zealand: sustainable agriculture, corporate agribusiness and globalizing food networks.
Campbell, H. Sustainable rural development. Aldershot ; Brookfield, USA : Ashgate, c1997. p. 51-72.
Paper presented at the Sixteenth Congress of the European Society for Rural Sociology, August 1995, Prague, Czech Republic. Includes references.

275.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Organic herbs: choosing & marketing.
Geissal, D. Small farm today v.13(6): p.36-38. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: culinary-herbs; organic-farming; cultivation; marketing

276.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Organic milk production in Germany.
Krutzinna, C.; Boehncke, E.; Herrmann, H. J. Biol agric hortic v.13(4): p.351-358. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; organic-farming; surveys; farm-size; milk-yield; livestock-numbers; lactation-duration; herds; age; cattle-feeding; cattle-housing; disease-control; animal-health; germany

277.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Organic mixed farms in the landscape of a brook valley. How can a co-operative of organic mixed farms contribute to ecological and aesthetic qualities of a landscape.
Kuiper, J. Agric ecosyst environ v.63(2/3): p.121-132. (1997 June)
In the special issue: Landscape values in agriculture: strategies for the improvement of sustainable production / edited by J.D. van Mansvelt and D.J. Stobbelaar. Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; mixed-farming; landscape- architecture; landscape; diversity; aesthetic-value; ecological- balance; land-use-planning; netherlands; landscape-diversity

278.
NAL Call No.: SB299.S4P725--1995
Organic production of sesame and soybean in Nicaragua. La produccion organica de ajonjoli y soya en las empresas de UNAPA.
Cuadra F., M.; Centro para la Promocion, I. y. D. R. y. S. N. Managua, Nicaragua : Centro para la Investigacion, la Promocion y el Desarrollo Rural y Social, [1995] 103, [2] p., "Diciembre 1995"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. [105]).
Descriptors: Sesame-Nicaragua; Soybean-Nicaragua; Oilseed-plants-Nicaragua; Organic-farming-Nicaragua

279.
NAL Call No.: aS21.D27S64
Organic production: recent publications and current information sources.
Gold, M. V. Spec-ref-briefs. Beltsville, Md. : Reference Section, National Agricultural Library, 1983-. Sept 1996. (SRB 96-07) 30 p.
Descriptors: organic-farming; sustainability

280.
NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Organic vegetable production in Florida.
Monaghan, P. F.; Brinen, G. H.; Kostewicz, S. R. Proc-annu- meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society,. June 1995. v. 107 p. 377-380.
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables; crop-production; organic- farming; commercial-farming; pest-management; organic- fertilizers; florida

281.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
An organic versus a conventional farming system in kiwifruit.
Hasey, J. K.; Johnson, R. S.; Meyer, R. D.; Klonsky, K. Acta hortic (444): p.223-228. (1997)
Paper presented at the Third International Symposium on Kiwifruit, September 19-22, 1995. Thessaloniki, Greece. Volume 1. Includes references.
Descriptors: actinidia-deliciosa; organic-farming; crop-quality; crop-damage; leaves; nutrient-content; economic- analysis; farming-systems-research; california

282.
NAL Call No.: SB270.C7C34--1994
Organic versus agrochemical coffee production and sustainable development in Costa Rica. Cafe y desarrollo sostenible : del cultivo agroquimico a la produccion organica en Costa Rica.
Boyce, J. K. Heredia : Editorial Fundacion UNA, [1994] 248 p. : ill., maps, Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-248).
Descriptors: Coffee-Costa-Rica; Coffee-industry-Costa- Rica; Coffee-industry-Environmental-aspects-Costa-Rica; Organic- farming-Costa-Rica; Sustainable-development-Costa-Rica

283.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Organically grown and naturally colored cotton: a global overview.
Katz, D.; Boone, N.; Vreeland, J. M. Jr. Proc-Beltwide- Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-. 1997. v. 1 p. 293-297.
Meeting held January 6-10, 1997, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium; organic-farming; crop- production; supply-balance; marketing

284.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.I5B86--1994
Participative strategies for science-based innovations : the case of biotechnology for small-scale farmers in developing countries.
Bunders, J. F. G. Amsterdam : VU University Press, 1994. 238 p., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agricultural-innovations-Developing- countries; Agricultural-biotechnology-Developing-countries; Alternative-agriculture-Developing-countries; Communication-in- agriculture-Developing-countries; Farms,-Small-Developing- countries

285.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J823
Patterns of clinical mastitis manifestations in Danish organic dairy herds.
Vaarst, M.; Enevoldsen, C. J dairy res v.64(1): p.23-37. (1997 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; dairy-farms; organic-farming; bovine-mastitis; lactation-number; lactation-stage; timing; symptoms; individual-quarters; milk-yield; staphylococcus-aureus; streptococcus-dysgalactiae; streptococcus-uberis; disease-course; coagulase-negative-staphylococci; denmark
Abstract: Danish organic dairy production is characterized by a low input of antibiotics for udder treatment and a high input of other mastitis control procedures. A study was conducted in 14 organic dairy herds with the objectives of obtaining a comprehensive description of clinical mastitis cases and identifying characteristic patterns in these results. Clinical signs, inflammatory reactions and microbiological identifications were obtained from 367 cases of clinical mastitis occurring over 18 months. Cow characteristics and preincident values such as milk yield and somatic cell count were obtained for each cow. Signs of previous udder inflammation were present in two-thirds of the clinical mastitis cases. Severe local inflammatory reactions were found in 21% of the cases and some indication of generalized signs such as fever and reduced appetite were found in 35% of the cases. Logistic regression analyses were performed based on the results of an initial (exploratory) multiple correspondence analysis. Coliform mastitis (6% of the cases) was rarely preceded by pathogen isolation or inflammatory reactions in the same quarter. Coliform mastitis cases usually occurred in one quarter only. Escherichia coli infections were typically (truly) acute cases. Bacteriologically negative mastitis (20 % of the cases) showed strong similarities with clinical coliform mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus cases (18% of the cases) occurred most frequently in late lactation or around drying-off. Prior isolation of Staph. aureus and slight decreases in milk yield were two factors that interacted but both were strongly and positively related to clinical Staph. aureus. Staph. aureus mastitis typically. had a subclinical debut, and increasing degrees and duration of inflammation decreased shedding of this pathogen. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (9% of the cases) mastitis was typically persistent, virulent and manifest in periods of lower cow resistance. More patterns of subclinical and clinical Str. uberis mastitis (23 % of the cases) seemed to be present.

286.
NAL Call No.: SB351.P3P39
Peanut yield potential as influenced by cropping system and plant density.
Igbokwe, P. E.; Nkongolo, N. V. K. Peanut sci v.23(2): p.129-133. (1996 July-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; vetiveria-zizanioides; intercropping; sole-cropping; comparisons; crop-density; crop- production; crop-yield; pest-control; cultural-control; low- input-agriculture; sustainability; mississippi

287.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.C6A24
Perception change in rice pest management: a case study of farmers' evaluation of conflict information.
Heong, K. L.; Escalada, M. M. J appl commun v.81(2): p.3-17. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farmers'-attitudes; low-input-agriculture; diffusion-of-information; philippines
Abstract: A simple rule-of-thumb, or heuristic, in pest management which was in conflict with farmers' prevailing perceptions was communicated to farmers to examine whether their cognitive dissonance would challenge them to evaluate it and change their misperceptions. The simple rule used was: "In the first 30 days after transplanting (or 40 days after sowing), leaffolder control is not necessary." The participatory experiments were carried out by 101 rice farmers. Although farmers' perceptions of pests and pesticide use were deeply entrenched, the simple experiment reduced their early-season insecticide applications and number of sprays. Farmers attitudes toward leaf-feeding insects also changed. Besides dissonance resolution, the main incentives that had encouraged farmers seemed to be money savings and labor reduction. Few studies in communication, if any, have explored the impact of the use of conflict information on changing farmers' perceptions. This article presents the results of a study which examined farmers' evaluation of conflict information and its influence on their perception changes in rice pest management. It also documents the process and effects of farmer experimentation with a simple decision rule or heuristic intended to correct their misperceptions.

288.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Performance of plug-grown geranium seedlings preconditioned with nitrogen fertilizer or low-temperature storage.
Kaczperski, M. P.; Armitage, A. M.; Lewis, P. M. HortScience v.31(3): p.361-363. (1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pelargonium-hortorum; bedding-plants; seedlings; pretreatment; hardening; transport; cold-storage; storage-quality; transporting-quality; stress-response; nitrogen- fertilizers; application-rates; temperature; plant-height; dry- matter; death; growth-period; duration; flowering-date; crop- production; crop-quality; planting-stock; postharvest- physiology
Abstract: Pelargonium xhortorum L.H. Bailey 'Scarlet Elite' seedlings were grown in plugs from seed to transplant size. About 14 days before attaining transplant size, seedlings were exposed to various fertility or temperature regimes (preconditioning treatments), then stored for 1 to 3 weeks at 5C. Seedlings receiving 150 mg N/liter before storage flowered sooner and required less crop time (days to flower-days in storage) than those receiving 0.75, or 300 mg. Temperature preconditioning at 10 or 15C delayed flowering compared to preconditioning at 20C. Final plant height and dry weight were not adversely affected by varying N levels or temperature during preconditioning. Preconditioning seedlings with 300 mg N/liter resulted in seedling mortality rates up to 16% after 7 days' storage. Low temperature or fertility were not effective preconditioning treatments. Best results were attained by preconditioning seedlings with 150 mg N/liter.

289.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
Perspectives from a small-scale producer on the challenges ahead.
Hitt, A. SRDC ser (178): p.12-14. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina.
Descriptors: organic-farming; farmers'-attitudes; north-carolina

290.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Pest evaluation in sustainable cabbage production systems.
Hoyt, G. D.; Walgenbach, J. F. HortScience v.30(5): p.1046-1048. (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea; crop-production; organic-farming; sustainability; conservation-tillage; lepidoptera; insect-pests; insect-control; alternaria-brassicae; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control; weed-control; biological- control; chemical-control; cultural-control; cover-crops; relay- cropping; intercropping; rotations; crop-yield; north-carolina; traditional-tillage-versus-strip-tillage; organic-versus- chemical-control
Abstract: Conservation tillage systems provide optimum conditions to reduce soil erosion and increase surface soil organic matter. This experiment was established with the longterm goal of developing conservation tillage systems that use either chemical inputs to produce vegetables and control pests, or legume cover crops, biological pesticides, and tillage to provide plant nutrition and control pests. The experiment consisted of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. L. Capitata Group) grown by traditional-tillage (TT) or strip-tillage (ST) culture using either chemical or organic production methods for pest control. Cabbage heads were heavier with TT than with ST for the chemical production system. Although weed biomass was significantly higher with organic methods, there was a poor relationship between weed biomass at harvest and cabbage head weight. The lack of differences in lepidopterous pest damage suggests that the conservation tillage systems examined likely would not affect lepidopterous pest management systems using biological insecticides. Within tillage treatments, the organic production system resulted in less Alternaria infection than did the chemical production system. Since no fungicides were applied on any treatment, lower disease ratings in the organic production system may have been the result of reduced soil contact of the cabbage leaves from the increased soil coverage by the weed and intercropped legume canopy.

291.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Pests and diseases in organically grown vegetables in Denmark: a survey of problems and use of control methods.
Langer, V. Biol agric hortic v.12(2): p.151-171. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetable-growing; organic-farming; organic-culture; crop-management; plant-pests; plant-diseases; identification; pest-management; plant-disease-control; cultural- control; farm-management; decision-making; farmers'-attitudes; perception; surveys; delia-radicum; psila-rosae; botrytis-allii; denmark

292.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
Phenology and yield of MAR cotton genotypes with and without insecticide treatments.
Thaxton, P. M.; El Zik, K. M.; Dusek, T. F.; Schaefer, K. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-. 1997. v. 1 p. 414-418.
Meeting held January 6-10, 1997, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium; pest-resistance; genetic- resistance; insect-pests; agronomic-characteristics

293.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ex72
Phosphorus and millet crop residue application affect the quantity and quality of millet leaves and fodder weeds for ruminants in agro-pastoral systems of the Sahel.
Buerkert, A.; Lamers, J. P. A.; Schmelzer, G. H.; Becker, K.; Marschner, H. Exp agric v.33(3): p.253-263. (1997 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pennisetum-glaucum; superphosphate; crop- residues; application-rates; biomass-production; dry-matter; yields; weeds; nutrient-uptake; feed-grains; quality; animal- nutrition; low-input-agriculture; niger; feed-composition; crude- protein; metabolizable-energy-ratio

294.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
The policy approach to sustainable farming systems in the EU.
Marsh, J. S. Agric ecosyst environ v.64(2): p.103-114. (1997 July)
In the special issue: Integrated crop protection: Towards sustainability? / edited by R.G. McKinlay and D. Atkinson. Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; agricultural-policy; cap; european-union; development-policy; environmental-policy

295.
NAL Call No.: 280.29-Am3A
Pool marketing offers valuable alternative for agricultural producers.
Johnson, J. Am coop p.205-208. (1997)

296.
NAL Call No.: 57.9-F41
Potential changes in soil fertility from arable farming including organic systems.
Johnston, A. E. Proc-Fert-Soc. Peterborough : The Fertiliser Society. 1991. (306) 38 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-fertility; sustainability; alternative-farming; long-term-experiments; organic-matter; npk- fertilizers; leys; crop-yield; rotations; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; south-east-england

297.
NAL Call No.: 57.9-F41
Practical measures to reduce nutrient losses from arable land (annual crops).
Pedersen, C. A. Proc-Fert-Soc. Peterborough : The Fertiliser Society. 1990. (300) 24 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; nitrogen; losses-from- soil; nitrogen-fertilizers; animal-manures; application-date; leaching; application-rates; organic-matter; crop-yield; nutrient-requirements; low-input-agriculture; denmark

298.
NAL Call No.: S410.A8H66--1997
Predicting farm production and catchment processes : a directory of Australian modelling groups and models. Directory of Australian modelling groups and models.
Hook, R. A. [Collingwood, Vic., Australia] : CSIRO, Dryland Farming Systems for Catchment Care Program : National Dryland Salinity Program : GRDC, [1997?] xii, 312 p., Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Research-institutes-Australia-Directories; Arid-regions-agriculture-Australia-Directories; Crop-science- Australia-Directories; Dry-farming-Mathematical-models- Directories; Crop-improvement-Australia-Directories; Sustainable- agriculture-Australia-Directories

299.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
The present and future use of technology to detect plant pathogens to guide disease control in sustainable farming systems.
Fox, R. T. V. Agric ecosyst environ v.64(2): p.125-132. (1997 July)
In the special issue: Integrated crop protection: Towards sustainability? / edited by R.G. McKinlay and D. Atkinson. Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; plant-protection; plant- diseases; plant-disease-control; plant-pathogens; detection; diagnostic-techniques; technical-progress; trends; farming- systems; sustainability

300.
NAL Call No.: SB99.D4S67--1997,-nr.18
Proceedings of the NJF-seminar : alternative use of agricultural land. Proceedings of the NJF seminar.
Olesen, S. E.; NJF Seminar on Alternative use of Agricultural Land (1997 : Research Centre Foulum). Lyngby [Denmark] : Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 1997. 134 p. : ill., maps, Includes bibliographical references.

301.
NAL Call No.: HD9016.J32K365--1995
Produce trade by organic farming in Japan. Dai 1-han. Kankyo hozengata nogyo no ryutsu to hanbai.
Zenkoku Nogyo Kyodo Kumiai Rengokai. Zenkoku Nogyo Kumiai Chuokai. Japan. Norin Suisansho. Tokyo : Ie no Hikari Kyokai, Heisei 7 [1995] xiv, 225 p. : ill.
Descriptors: Produce-trade-Japan-Case-studies; Organic-farming-Japan-Case- studies; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Japan

302.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Production and decay of structural root material of winter wheat and sugar beet in conventional and integrated cropping systems.
Noordwijk, M. v.; Brouwer, G.; Koning, H.; Meijboom, F. W.; Grzebisz, W. Agric ecosyst environ v.51(1/2): p.99-113. (1994 Nov.)
In the special issue: Soil ecology of conventional and integrated arable farming systems / edited by L. Brussaard. Paper presented at a symposium held December 8-11, 1992. Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; beta-vulgaris-var; - saccharifera; roots; low-input-agriculture; root-turnover
Abstract: Production of structural root material of sugar beet and winter wheat was quantified by analysis of root growth and decay in a time series of minirhizotron images, combined with a single auger sampling. Cumulative root production of winter wheat was about 1700 kg ha -1 for conventional crop management and 1960 kg ha-1 for integrated (less pesticides and mineral fertilizer, less intensive soil tillage and more organic manure) crop management; in 1990 the difference between the two management systems was statistically significant. At harvest time 85% and 68% (in 1986 and 1990, respectively) of this structural root production remained as intact roots in the soil in both management systems. For sugar beet total fine root production was estimated at 1150 kg ha-1 in 1987 and 1989, with a significantly lower amount on the field on which minimum tillage was introduced in 1986; on average 47% of total root production remained as intact roots at harvest. Winter wheat root decay was studied with litter pots after crop harvest and in the following growing season. Initially, the N concentration in remaining roots increased while dry weight decreased. No net immobilisation or mineralisation of N and P during autumn was evident. During the next growing season net mineralisation was proportional to loss of root weight in an exponential decay with a half-life of 600 degree days (daily temperature sum). This N release pattern during the next growing period thus contributes to the synchrony between N demand and supply, but no difference between the two management systems was found.

303.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A56--1995
The production and marketing of organic produce in Japan : practice, problems, and potential.
Ahmed, S.; Program on Environment (East West Center). Honolulu, HI : East-West Center, Program on Environment, 1995. vi, 76 p., "February 1995" Includes bibliographical references (p. 74- 76).
Descriptors: Organic-farming-Japan; Natural-foods- Japan-Marketing

304.
NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Production and postproduction performance of two New Guinea Impatiens cultivars grown with controlled-release fertilizer and no leaching.
Haver, D. L.; Schuch, U. K. J Am Soc Hortic Sci v.121(5): p.820-825. (1996 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: impatiens; controlled-release; application-rates; npk-fertilizers; moisture-content; growing- media; light; salt-tolerance; leaching; biomass; leaf-area; leaves; nitrogen-content; stems; roots; electrical- conductivity
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the minimum controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate and the lowest constant medium moisture required to produce the highest quality plants and 2) if this production system affected quality of these plants under two post production light levels. Two New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens sp. hybrids) 'Illusion' and 'Blazon' (Lasting Impressions Series) differing in salt tolerance were grown for 42 days with a CRF at three rates (3.3, 6.6, or 9.9 g/pot) and two medium moisture levels (low or high) without leaching. The high moisture level (tension setpoints of 1 to 3 kPa) and 6.6 g of CRF/pot produced optimum biomass. Low medium moisture (tension setpoints of 4 to 6 kPa) reduced leaf area, leaf number, leaf N content, root, stem, and leaf dry masses as CRF rate increased from low to high for 'Illusion'. Similar results in 'Blazon' were observed as CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass decreased no further at the high rate of 9.9 g/pot. Biomass increased in both cultivars under high medium moisture when CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass of 'Illusion' decreased at 9.9 g/pot, although no symptoms of salt sensitivity were observed (i.e. leaf tip burn). 'Blazon' maintained a similar biomass when amended with 9.9 or 6.6 g CRF/pot, although electrical conductivity (EC) in the medium was 5.9 dS.m-1 in the upper half and 4.1 dS.m-1 in the lower half of the medium at the end of production. Growth of 'Illusion' responded more favorably to post production light levels that were similar to those of production regardless of treatment imposed during production. Similar biomass responses occurred for 'Blazon' regardless of the postproduction light level.

305.
NAL Call No.: HC59.P683--1991
Production and use alternatives for agriculture and forestry. Ausg. 1991. Produktions- und Verwendungsalternativen fur die Land- und Forstwirtschaft : nachwachsende Rohstoffe : Forschungsdokumentation : Originalbeitrage von Wissenschaftlern zu Auftragen aus dem Forschungsprogramm des BML. Schriftenreihe des Bundesministers fur Ernahrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten. Reihe A, Angewandte Wissenschaft. Sonderheft.
"Projekttrager Agrarforschung" im Bundesamt fur Ernahrung und Forstwirtschaft (Germany). Munster-Hiltrup : Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1991. xviii, 674 p. : ill., "Schriftenreihe des Bundesministers fur Ernahrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten. Reihe A, Angewandte Wissenschaft. Sonderheft." "ISSN 0723-7847"--Verso t.p. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Renewable-natural-resources

306.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.P75--1995
Production without destruction : a manual for trainers and a reference book for those practising natural or organic farming.
Vukasin, H. L. Harare, Zimbabwe : Natural Farming Network, c1995. 188 p. : ill., Includes bibliography and index.
Descriptors: Organic-farming-Africa,-Southern- Handbooks,-manuals,-etc; Sustainable-agriculture-Africa,- Southern-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc; Agricultural-conservation- Africa,-Southern-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc

307.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Productivity and profitability of conventional and alternative farming systems: a long-term on-farm paired comparison.
Dobbs, T. L.; Smolik, J. D. J sustain agric v.9(1): p.63-79. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; organic-farming; comparisons; crop-production; profitability; long-term- experiments; south-dakota; conventional-farming-versus- alternative-farming

308.
NAL Call No.: 60.19-B773
Productivity of Lotus corniculatus L. (bird's-foot trefoil) in the UK when grown under low-input conditions as spaced plants, monoculture swards or mixed swards. [Erratum: Dec 1996, v. 51 (4), p. 469.].
Bullard, M. J.; Crawford, T. J. Grass forage sci v.50(4): p.439-446. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lotus-corniculatus; dry-matter; crop- production; low-input-agriculture; trifolium-pratense; trifolium- repens; marginal-land; cultivars; line-differences; calcareous- soils; flowering-date; plant-height; plant-competition; ecotypes; northern-england; sward-height

309.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Productivity of plantain (Musa AAB)-melon mixtures in South Western Nigeria.
Jolaoso, M. A.; Ojeifo, I. M.; Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O. Biol agric hortic v.13(4): p.335-340. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: citrullus-lanatus; musa; crop-mixtures; intercropping; alternative-farming; sustainability; crop-density; interspecific-competition; leaf-area; crop-yield; yield-losses; land-productivity; ratios; economic-evaluation; returns; nigeria; land-equivalent-ratios; cash-advantage

310.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Profitability of black plastic mulch for limited resource farmers.
Mugalla, C. I.; Jolly, C. M.; Martin, N. R. Jr. J prod agric v.9(2): p.283-288. (1996 Apr.-1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetable-growing; low-input-agriculture; farm-inputs; plastic-film; appropriate-technology; investment; costs; income; returns; economic-evaluation; simulation-models; linear-programming; surveys; feasibility-studies; resource- allocation; low-energy-cultivation; alabama; non-farm-inputs
Abstract: Farmers and policymakers have recognized the need for alternative technologies for reducing costs and increasing profit for limited resource farmers. Plastic mulch has been evaluated as an alternative technology on experimental stations in the Southeast but its use has not yet gained wide acceptance among limited resource vegetable producers in the area. In this study, the economic feasibility of plastic mulch was evaluated as a profit enhancing technology for limited resource farmers. A farmer survey and farm simulation model were used in the evaluation of this technology. It was noted in the survey that most of the farmers in the research area were part- time and were above 50 years old. The average age was 60, with a minimum of 29 and maximum of 88. Plastic mulch resulted in increased output and farm revenue. The capital turnover ratio for production with plastic mulch was higher than for production without plastic mulch. Each hour of labor used with plastic mulch generated six times more net revenues than without plastic mulch. The total investment required for plastic mulch more than doubled, indicating that it might be difficult to encourage this age group of farmers to adopt the technology without easy credit arrangements. The diffusion of this technology may be difficult unless the alternative of renting vs. buying the necessary equipment is presented to this age group of farmers.

311.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76-no.47
The profitability of integrated crop management, organic and conventional arable regimes.
Higginbotham, S.; Noble, L.; Joice, R. Rotations and cropping systems, 16-18 December 1996, Churchill College, Cambridge. Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK : AAB Office c/o Horticulture Research International, [1996]. p. 327-333.
Descriptors: organic-farming

312.
NAL Call No.: TD427.A35A49-1993
Promoting sustainable agriculture through existing agencies and organizations.
Padgitt, S.; Lasley, P. Agricultural research to protect water quality proceedings of the conference February 21-24, 1993 Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Ankeny, IA : The Society, [1993]. p. 249-251.
Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; extension; public- agencies; private-organizations; surveys; iowa

313.
NAL Call No.: S475.B6D628--no.02
Proposal for the agricultural and ecological analysis of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Proposta para o zoneamento agroecologico da regiao do Polonoroeste - PDRI/MT.
Fontes, J. M. Cuiaba, MT : Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Estado de Mato Grosso, Secretaria da Agricultura, [1985] 22 p. : ill., maps, "Dezembro, 1985."

314.
NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Quackgrass control with glyphosate and SC-0224 in corn and soybean.
Hamill, A. S.; Zhang, J. Can j plant sci v.75(1): p.239- 299. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: elymus-repens; zea-mays; glycine-max; weed-control; glyphosate; ammonium-sulfate; herbicide-mixtures; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; rhizomes; regrowth; long-term-experiments; frequency; application-date; efficacy; clay-soils; ontario

315.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8553
Quality of life effects of conventional, transitional and sustainable production systems on rural communities and family farms in the Western Corn Belt.
Allen, J. C. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects North Central Region. [1988-. 1995. 40 p.
SARE Project Number: LNC 94-65. Record includes floppy disk and appendices. Reporting period for this report is October 1994 to December 1995.
Descriptors: farm-families; continuous-cropping; zea- mays; no-tillage; sustainability; organic-farming; farm-income; quality-of-life; rural-communities; farming-systems-research; nebraska

316.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Quality of soil and plant analyses in relation to sustainable agriculture.
Schnug, E. Commun soil sci plant anal v.27(3/4): p.277- 288. (1996)
Paper presented at the 1995 International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis: Quality of Soil and Plant Analysis in View of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment held August 5-10, 1995, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-analysis; plant-analysis; quality; validity; sustainability; farming-systems; soil-fertility; soil- variability; spatial-variation; calibration; sampling; fertilizer-requirement-determination; technical-progress; data- analysis; decision-making; environmental-protection; analytical- quality; local-resource-management
Abstract: The operation/validity of soil and plant analysis is hampered by a lack of confidence in its relevance under field conditions. This deficit can be overcome by employing georeferred strategies within the Local Resource Management (LRM). Georeferred and sophisticated sampling strategies together with new approaches for data evaluation and decision making will improve the quality of soil and plant analysis in terms of a better utilization of resources and reduced environmental burdens.

317.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Questions and answers about the new proposed organic rule.
Small farm today v.15(1): p.48-49. (1998 Feb.-1998 Mar.)
Descriptors: organic-farming; certification; organic- foods; standards; regulations; federal-programs; national- organic-program

318.
NAL Call No.: TX369.Q36--1993
Questions & answers on guidelines to labeling organic fresh vegetables and fruits. Q & A Yuki nosanbutsu to ni kakawaru seikabutsu to tokubetsu hyoji gaidorain. Yuki nosanbutsu to ni kakawaru seikabutsu to tokubetsu hyoji gaidorain.
Norin Suisan Hyoji Gyosei Kenkyukai. Tokyo : Kopu Shuppan, 1993. 120 p. : ill.
Descriptors: Natural-foods-Labeling- Japan; Organic-farming-Law-and-legislation-Japan; Farm-produce- Law-and-legislation-Japan

319.
NAL Call No.: SB110.R35--1993
Rainfed farming in the dry zone of Sri Lanka : proceedings of a symposium.
Mapa, R. B.; Agriculture Research Project (Sri Lanka). Sri Lanka. Krsikarma Departamentuva. University of Peradeniya. Faculty of Agriculture. SLAAS Symposium on Rainfed Agriculture (1992 : Colombo, S. L. Peradeniya : Dept. of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, [1993] 70 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Dry-farming-Sri-Lanka-North-Central- Province-Congresses; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Sri-Lanka- North-Central-Province-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Sri- Lanka-North-Central-Province-Congresses

320.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Raise corn and control weeds without chemicals.
Schmidtknecht, B. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 22.
Descriptors: zea-mays; crop-production; organic- farming; farming; low-input-agriculture; weed-control; mechanical-methods; efficacy; organic-amendments; molasses; Wisconsin; calcium-molasses

321.
NAL Call No.: HD1476.U62W24--1996
Rebirth of the small family farm : a handbook for starting a successful organic farm based on the community supported agriculture concept. 1st ed.
Gregson, B.; Gregson, B. Vashon Island, WA : IMF Associates, c1996. 64 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Family-farms-Washington-State; Farms,- Small-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc; Organic-farming-Handbooks,- manuals,-etc

322.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
Recent improvements in the energy efficiency of agriculture: case studies from Ontario, Canada.
Swanton, C. J.; Murphy, S. D.; Hume, D. J.; Clements, D. R. Agric syst v.52(4): p.399-418. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; energy-consumption; crop-production; farm-management; no-tillage; plant-breeding; herbicides; fertilizers; application-rates; low-input- agriculture; case-studies; ontario
Abstract: Energy used (GJ) per tonne of crop produced defines energy efficiency. Low energy use/tonne of crop produced indicates higher energy efficiency. Because of improved crop breeding (more stress tolerance, genetic gain) crop yields have increased. Concurrently, energy used has decreased. Based on an analysis of energy use/crop produced for Ontario's major row crops (corn and soybean), energy efficiency of crop production increased from 1975 to 1991. In corn, energy efficiency increased 49.8% from 87.95 l of diesel fuel equivalent (LDFE)/t of crop produced to 44.16 LDFE/t from 1975 to 1991. Total corn production (t) and yield (t/ha) increased by 60.0% and 20.1%, respectively, whereas energy use/ha (LDFE/ha) and total energy use (LDFE) decreased by 39.7% and 19.7%, respectively. For soybean, energy use/ha (LDFE/ha) decreased by 46.3% but total energy use (LDFE) increased by 93.8%. The increase in total energy use was caused by a 260.8% increase in soybean acreage (ha). Because the increase in soybean production (t) of 278.2% was much greater than the increase in total energy use (LDFE), energy efficiency increased 48.7% from 75.46 LDFE/t to 38.67 LDFE/t. The proportion that fertilizer manufacturing contributes to total annual energy use in corn decreased slightly (74.2-71.0%) between 1975 and 1991; however, energy use in fertilizer manufacturing declined by 42.4% because of the increased efficiency of manufacturing nitrogen fertilizers. Increased efficiency of fertilizer application also decreased energy use, although application is a much smaller proportion of the total energy use budget. Similar decreases occurred in soybean production. Our analysis of no-till systems using various herbicides. and application rates indicated that the systems using the highest herbicide application rates required the least energy, because decreased herbicide application rates may require increased cultivation. This, however, depends on the timing (pre-plant, planting, post- emergent) and type (banded, broadcast) of application and is true only for new herbicides with low application rates.

323.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
Recommendations concerning implementation of sustainable agriculture programs in the 1890 (and Tuskegee) community.
SRDC ser (178): p.52-53. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina.

324.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Reduced rates of herbicides following hilling controlled weeds in conventional and reduced tillage potato (Solanum tuberosum) production.
Bellinder, R. R.; Wallace, R. W.; Wilkins, E. D. Weed technol v.10(2): p.311-316. (1996 Apr.-1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; conservation-tillage; tillage; minimum-tillage; weed-control; metolachlor; chemical- control; metribuzin; application-date; timing; hilling; application-rates; cultural-weed-control; live-mulches; secale- cereale; cover-crops; efficacy; crop-yield; low-input- agriculture; tubers; crop-quality; new-york; marketable-yield

325.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Reduced-till spring wheat response to fertilizer sources and placement methods.
Jacobsen, J. S.; Lorbeer, S. H.; Houlton, H. A. R.; Carlson, G. R. Commun soil sci plant anal v.28(13/14): p.1237-1244. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; nitrogen-fertilizers; phosphorus-fertilizers; application-rates; nutrient-sources; band-placement; broadcasting; crop-yield; crop-quality; protein; growth; tillers; crop-density
Abstract: Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer sources and placement configurations on spring wheat growth, yield and quality. Different standard and experimental N and P sources at two rates and in different placement methods provided 32 fertilizer treatments at three locations. Banding of N and P together resulted in the greatest yields. Of the fertilizer combinations where N and P were applied separately, only broadcast N with deep banded P gave similar yields to N and P together. Banding fertilizer with the seed at these levels damaged seedling growth and limited yield. Elevated protein levels, when found, were likely due to lower yields and subsequent concentration of N in grain protein. Careful consideration of fertilizer rate, source and placement strategies to optimize production and water utilization are essential in dryland environments.

326.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
Reducing herbicide losses from tile-outlet terraces.
Franti, T. G.; Peter, C. J.; Tierney, D. P.; Fawcett, R. S.; Myers, S. A. J soil water conserv v.53(1): p.25-31. (1998)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-land; terraces; tile- drainage; cyanazine; atrazine; runoff; concentration; losses- from-soil; placement; incorporation; no-tillage; discing; water- pollution; iowa; missouri; nebraska; best-management-practices; off-site-transport

327.
NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Reducing herbicide use for weed control in soybean (Glycine max) grown in two soil types in southwestern Ontario.
Hamill, A. S.; Zhang, J.; Swanton, C. J. Can j plant sci v.75(1): p.283-292. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; metribuzin; low-input- agriculture; trifluralin; metolachlor; herbicide-mixtures; broadcasting; band-placement; application-rates; weed-control; efficacy; cultivation; clay-loam-soils; sandy-soils; crop-yield; planting-date; precipitation; environmental-factors; spatial- variation; marginal-returns; ontario; sandy-clay-loam-soils

328.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.1.F66
Reducing pesticide risks to US food consumers: can agricultual research help.
Kuchler, F.; Ralston, K.; Unnevehr, L. J. Food policy v.22(2): p.119-132. (1997 Apr.)
In the section: Special feature papers: Changing pesticide policies / edited by L.J. Unnevehr, P.L. Pingali, and D. Zilberman. Includes references.
Descriptors: pesticide-residues; food-consumption; consumers; risk; consumer-protection; agricultural-research; agricultural-policy; government-organizations; equations; fruit; vegetables; usa; pesticide-policy; fraction-of-negligible-risk- intake; fraction-of-reference-dose
Abstract: Recent pesticide policy initiatives focus on reducing risks through agricultural research on pest control alternatives. This paper illustrates how research resources could be targeted to reduce risks to food consumers from dietary pesticide residue intake. For 50 chemicals on 10 fruits and vegetables, we estimate consumers' dietary intake of pesticides and use those estimates to develop risk indicators, expressing dietary intake as a percentage of safe levels. These indicators show that risks are higher for small children. The indicators allow us to rank pesticides according to their contribution to risk for this vulnerable sub-population. We then trace these risks to four sources: on-farm pesticide use, post-harvest pesticide use, pesticides used on imported foods, and canceled pesticides that persist in the environment. For pesticides that are used mainly on-farm, we show that the development of alternatives for risk reduction could be targeted to particular regions and crops. However, research to develop on-farm pest control alternatives will not address all of the sources of pesticide residues in the diet.

329.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Reducing the pollution potential of pesticides and fertilizers in the environmental horticulture industry. I. Greenhouse, nursery, and sod production.
Latimer, J. G.; Oetting, R. D.; Thomas, P. A.; Olson, D. L.; Allison, J. R.; Braman, S. K.; Ruter, J. M.; Beverly, R. B.; Florkowski, W.; Robacker, C. D. HortTechnology v.6(2): p.115-124. (1996 Apr.-1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; horticultural-crops; greenhouse-culture; nurseries; lawns-and-turf; water-pollution; pesticides; fertilizers; farm-inputs; environmental-protection; integrated-pest-management; control-methods; plant-pests; plant- diseases; best-management-practices; pesticide-alternatives

330.
NAL Call No.: RM214.J68
Reduction of chemical sensitivity by means of heat depuration, physical therapy and nutritional supplementation in a controlled environment.
Rea, W. J.; Pan, Y.; Johnson, A. R.; Ross, G. H.; Suyama, H.; Fenyves, E. J. J nutr environ med v.6(2): p.141-148. (1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: immune-response; pollution; volatile- compounds; organic-compounds; hydrocarbons; drinking-water; diet; adolescents; adults; nervous-system-diseases; symptoms; heat; exercise; massage; water-intake; weight-losses; body-weight; pulse; body-temperature; duration; medical-treatment; diet- treatment; supplements; blood; toxic-substances; autonomic- nervous-system; body-composition; complications; adverse-effects; men; women
Abstract: Patients with chemical sensitivity were treated in heat depuration physical therapy units and housed in living facilities, both of which were specially constructed so they were less chemically polluted. Rotary diets of less chemically contaminated water and food were consumed. Two hundred and ten chemically sensitive patients, 156 females and 54 males, aged 13 to 66 years, were placed on the programme. Eighty-six per cent of these improved their symptom scores. Sixty-two per cent, or 48 of 78 patients, had abnormal balance studies. Fifty-seven per cent, or 12 of 21, remeasured after treatment had improved. Fifty per cent or 106 of 210 patients, had autonomic nervous system disorders as measured by the Iriscorder, and 31% had improved after treatment. Sixty-three per cent decreased their levels of toxic chemicals. These results clearly show that heat depuration physical therapy appears to be efficacious in many patients with chemical sensitivity.

331.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8552
Regional center for sustainable dairy farming.
Washburn, S. P.; Green, J. T.; Benson, G. A.; Jennings, G. D. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Southern Region. [1988-. 1995. 13 p.
SARE Project Number: LS94-63. Record includes floppy disk. Date of report is December 1, 1995. Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-farming; dairy-cows; cattle-breeds; pastures; intensive-husbandry; milk-production; costs; animal- health; animal-feeding; reproductive-performance; pollution; environmental-factors; intensive-livestock-farming; sustainability; comparisons; north-carolina; south-carolina; virginia

332.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
The relative sustainability of alternative, conventional, and reduced-till farming systems.
Smolik, J. D.; Dobbs, T. L.; Rickerl, D. H. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Winter 1995. v. 10 (1) p. 25-35.
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; farming; ridging; minimum-tillage; comparisons; farming-systems; rowcrops; grain- crops; sustainability; land-productivity; economic-analysis; profitability; energy-consumption; environmental-impact; erosion; pollution; risk; farm-size; south-dakota; conventional-farming; ridge-till

333.
NAL Call No.: HD1995.5.A3T5--no.210
Relatively profitability between ecological and conventional farming. Luonnonmukaisen ja tavanomaisen viljelyn suhteellinen kannattavuus.
Koikkalainen, K. Helsinki : Maatalouden taloudellinen tutkimuslaitos, 1996. 57 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 42).

334.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
Remote sensing of plant nitrogen status in corn.
Bausch, W. C.; Duke, H. R. Trans ASAE v.39(5): p.1869- 1875. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; nutrient-deficiencies; nitrogen- retention; measurement; canopy; reflectance; crop-growth-stage; meters; agricultural-soils; optical-properties; crop-management; low-input-agriculture; grain; crop-yield; remote-sensing; colorado; nitrogen-reflectance-index; nitrogen-sufficiency-index; chlorophyll-meters
Abstract: Excessive nitrates in ground and surface water supplies are impacting nitrogen (N) fertilizer management schemes in many agricultural areas. Small amounts of N fertilizer applied "as needed" to a crop have potential for alleviating nitrate leaching below the crop root zone. To effectively apply this N management scheme, techniques must be developed that provide rapid assessment of the plant N status on a frequent basis. Ground-based canopy reflectance was measured perpendicular to the crop surface and in discrete wavebands over irrigated corn with several imposed N treatments for comparison to SPAD chlorophyll meter measurements and to plant tissue total N concentration. An N reflectance index (a ratio of a treatment near-infrared (NIR) to green (G) canopy reflectance to the NIR/G ratio of a well N-fertilized treatment) was developed. The N reflectance index produced a near 1:1 relationship with the N sufficiency index (average SPAD reading for a treatment divided by the average SPAD reading for a well N-fertilized treatment) for corn growth stages V11 to R4. For the N reflectance index to be a practical, useable technique, it must represent plant N status as early as the V6 growth stage. Soil background influence on canopy reflectance during early vegetative growth is a major obstacle; consequently, procedures must be developed to minimize its effect on this index.

335.
NAL Call No.: S561.W45--1997
Reorganizing U.S. agriculture : the rise of industrial agriculture and direct marketing. Rise of industrial agriculture and direct marketing.
Welsh, R. Greenbelt, Md. : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture, [1997], "August 1997"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-44).
Descriptors: Farm-management; Agricultural-systems; Produce-trade; Direct-marketing; Alternative-agriculture

336.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.R36--1980
Report to the Minister of Agriculture on the results and economic, technical and scientific prospects of biological agriculture. Rapport au Ministre de l'agriculture sur les resultats et perspectives economiques, techniques et scientifiques de l'agriculture biologique.
Institut pour la recherche et l'application en agriculture biologique (France). Paris : Institut pour la recherche et l'application en agriculture biologique, [1980] 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., "Juin 1980."
Descriptors: Organic-farming

337.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Research into and development of integrated farming systems for less-intensive arable crop production: experimental progress (1989-1994) and commercial implementation.
Jordan, V. W. L.; Hutcheon, J. A.; Donaldson, G. V.; Farmer, D. P. Agric ecosyst environ v.64(2): p.141-148. (1997 July)
In the special issue: Integrated crop protection: Towards sustainability? / edited by R.G. McKinlay and D. Atkinson. Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; integrated-systems; alternative-farming; low-input-agriculture; sustainability; farming-systems-research; intensive-cropping; projects; demonstration-farms; project-implementation; economic-viability; profitability; england; less-intensive-farming-and-environment- project

338.
NAL Call No.: S482.S87-1997
Research systems for sustainable agricultural development.
Oram, P. Sustainability, growth, and poverty alleviation a policy and agroecological perspective / p.154-176. (1997)
Edited by Vosti, S.A. and Reardon, T. Includes references.
Descriptors: research-policy; developing-countries

339.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Research to achieve sustainable growth in agriculture production: into the 21st century.
Ruttan, V. W. Can J plant pathol v.18(2): p.123-132. (1996)
Paper presented at the "6th International Congress of Plant Pathology," July 28-August 6, 1993, Montreal, Canada. Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; agricultural-production; natural-resources; environmental-protection; agricultural- development; agricultural-sector; trends; technology; agricultural-research; developing-countries; developed- countries
Abstract: We are now in the midst of the third wave of concern since World War II about the implications of natural resource availability and environmental change. We are also, in the closing decade of the 20th century, completing one of the most remarkable transitions in the history of agriculture, from a resource-based to a science-based agriculture. As we look toward the future, however, the sources of growth in agricultural production are not as apparent as they were a quarter century ago. In this paper I outline a series of a) biological and technical constraints; b) resource and environmental constraints; and c) health constraints on growth in agricultural production.

340.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
The response of organic and conventionally grown wheat to superphosphate and reactive phosphate rock.
Dann, P. R.; Derrick, J. W.; Dumaresq, D. C.; Ryan, M. H. Aust j exp agric v.36(1): p.71-78. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; farming; organic- farming; superphosphate; rock-phosphate; diammonium-phosphate; application-rates; soil-analysis; ph; aluminum; magnesium; nitrogen; soil-organic-matter; phosphorus; cadmium; concentration; grain; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; colonization; roots; length; growth; crop-yield; new-south-wales; conventional-farming

341.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Response of sulfonylurea-tolerant soybean (Glycine max) and selected weed species to imazethapyr and thifensulfuron combinations.
Simpson, D. M.; Stoller, E. W. Weed technol v.9(3): p.582-586. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; herbicide-resistance; sulfonylurea-herbicides; weed-control; amaranthus-hybridus; chenopodium-album; xanthium-strumarium; chemical-control; efficacy; imazethapyr; herbicide-mixtures; application-rates; crop-damage; phytotoxicity; abiotic-injuries; crop-yield; synergism; low-input-agriculture; illinois; thifensulfuron

342.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Responsible choice--An IFP approach.
Reed, A. N.; Nelson, P. Acta-hortic. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science. July 1996. v. (422) p. 319-323.
Poster presented at the "International Conference on International Fruit Production, August 28 - September 2, 1995, Cedzyna, Poland. Includes references.
Descriptors: fruit-crops; crop-production; integrated- pest-management; low-input-agriculture; washington; integrated- fruit-protection

343.
NAL Call No.: HD2151.M37--no.13
The retail industry for organic fruit and vegetables : a survey of retailers in the Melbourne and Geelong areas.
Clarke, R. J. R. J. 1.; Victoria. Dept. of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. [East Melbourne] : Victorian Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 1988. ii, 28 leaves, Agdex 201/845. Bibliography: leaves 22-23.
Descriptors: Horticultural-products-industry-Victoria; Retail-trade-surveys-Victoria; Organic-farming-Victoria

344.
NAL Call No.: 100--M693Sp-no.460
Rethinking the role of agriculture in public policy for rural America : report of seminar on agricultural marketing and policy, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and Extension Division, University of Missouri-Columbia, November 17- 18, 1993, Columbia, Missouri. Harold F. Breimyer agricultural policy seminar. Report of seminar on agricultural marketing and policy.
University of Missouri-Columbia. College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia. Agricultural Experiment Station University of Missouri. Agricultural Extension Service Seminar on Agricultural Marketing and Policy 1993 : Columbia, Missouri. [Columbia, Mo. : Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1993?]. "Report of seminar College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia, November 17-18, 1993"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references.
CONTENTS NOTE: Agriculture and the rural economy : past, present, and future / Brady J. Deaton -- Economic impacts of agricultural policies on rural communities : past, present, and future / Harold F. Breimyer -- Social impacts of agricultural policies on rural communities : past, present, and future / William D. Heffernan -- Rural communities : places in search of a purpose / John E. Ikerd -- Keys to enhancing quality of life in rural areas / John C. Allen -- Innovations in rural education / Vicki M. Hobbs -- Innovations in rural health care / Harold A. Williamson, Jr. -- Rural revitalization in action / Jane Vanderham -- Public policy for rural Missouri : reactions / Tim Kelly, Joe Maxwell, David A. Schafer -- Does America need rural communities / Bill Bondeson -- Critical trends affecting world food supplies / Abner Womack -- Impacts of changing soil and water conservation programs / Russell C. Mills -- Impacts of changing commodity programs / Brad Epperson -- The Clinton rural agenda / W. Robert Lovan -- Seminar summary and issues unraised / James O. Preston.
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-United-States- Congresses; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States- Congresses; Rural-development-United-States-Congresses; United- States-Rural-conditions-Congresses

345.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.I5R53--1995
Rice beyond the "Green Revolution" : seeking equity, sustainable farming and biodiversity : focus the Philippines.
Action for World Development (Organization). Agriculture and Food Group. Action for World Development (Organization). Philippine Desk. Surry Hill, NSW, Australia : Action for World Development NSW, 1995. 71 p. : ill., map, Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agricultural-innovations-Philippines; Green-Revolution-Philippines; Agricultural-ecology-Philippines; Rice-Philippines; Sustainable-agriculture-Philippines

346.
NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645
Right-of-way herbicides: a tool for cost reduction.
Schroeder, J. S. Arbor age v.17(5): p.40-41. (1997 May)
Descriptors: non-crop-weed-control; brush-control

347.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
The Rodale Institute Research Center--a connection for regional and national sustainable agriculture.
Janke, R. R. SRDC ser (178): p.7-9. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina.

348.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
The role of agriculture in sustainable economic development in Africa.
Abdulai, A.; Hazell, P. J sustain agric v.7(2/3): p.101- 119. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: economic-growth; sustainability; agriculture; development-policy; agricultural-development; agricultural-policy; socioeconomics; appropriate-technology; extension; infrastructure; rural-areas; intensification; africa- south-of-sahara

349.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
The role of agroecology and integrated farming systems in agricultural sustainability.
Edwards, C. A.; Grove, T. L.; Harwood, R. R.; Colfer, C. J. P. Agric ecosyst environ v.46(1/4): p.99-121. (1993 Sept.)
In the special issue: Agriculture and the environment / edited by C.A. Edwards, M.K. Wali, D.J. Horn and F. Miller. Paper presented at the International Conference on Agriculture and the Environment held November 10-13, 1991, Columbus, Ohio. Includes references.
Abstract: Maintenance of biological diversity and nutrient cycling mechanisms are global principles that are common to all agroecosystems and therefore essential in the design of sustainable agricultural systems, Regional or site-specific factors include climate, soils and socio-economic preferences and conditions. These regional factors differ greatly among agroecosystems and may assume major importance in some. Research and development on global commonalities has potentially the most universal impact across all agroecosystems, Interdisciplinarity, participation of farmers and a whole farm level approach are fundamental to such research and development.

350.
NAL Call No.: S542.B29I58--1996
The role of education and research for economic and sustainable agriculture and forestry : proceedings III International Conference of Agricultural Scientists from the Nordic and Baltic Countries : Jelgava, October 11-12, 1996.
International Conference of Agricultural Scientists from the Nordic and Baltic Countries (3rd : 1996 : Jelgava, Latvia). Nordic Joint Committee for Agricultural Research. Tartu : Estonian Agricultural University, Institute of Rural Development, 1997. 169 p. : ill., At head of title: Nordic Joint Committee for Agricultural Research ... [et al.]. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Research-Baltic-States- Congresses; Agriculture-Research-Scandinavia-Congresses; Agricultural-education-Baltic-States-Congresses; Agricultural- education-Scandinavia-Congresses

351.
NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Role of ruminant livestock in sustainable agricultural systems.
Oltjen, J. W.; Beckett, J. L. J anim sci v.74(6): p.1406-1409. (1996 June)
Presented at a symposium titled "Toward Sustainability: Animal Agriculture in the Twenty-First Century" at the ASAS 86th Annu. Mtg., Minneapolis, MN. Includes references.
Descriptors: animal-production; sustainability; ruminants; crop-production; energy-balance; milk-production; beef-cattle; cattle-feeding; rotations
Abstract: Ruminants have served and will continue to serve a valuable role in sustainable agricultural systems. They are particularly useful in converting vast renewable resources from rangeland, pasture, and crop residues or other by-products into food edible for humans. With ruminants, land that is too poor or too erodable to cultivate becomes productive. Also, nutrients in by-products are utilized and do not become a waste- disposal problem. The need to maintain ruminants to utilize these humanly inedible foodstuffs and convert them into high-quality foods for human consumption has been a characteristic of advanced societies for several thousand years. Further, ruminant livestock production is entirely consistent with proper agronomy practices in which forages are grown on 25% of arable land to minimize water and soil erosion. Questions have been asked, however, about the use of humanly edible foodstuffs (grains, protein sources, etc.) in ruminant diets. Does their use create a net loss of nutrients for human consumption? What level of their use is necessary or desirable? Does the use of some of these improve the nutrient (e.g. protein) quality or product value? Too often the opponents of animal agriculture evaluate the desirability of animal production on gross calorie or protein intake/output values. However, in many cases the feeds used in animal production are not consumable by humans, and in order to properly evaluate animal production, humanly consumable energy and protein intake should be used for efficiency comparisons. Analysis of the costs/returns of humanly edible energy and protein for a variety of dairy and beef cattle production systems shows that food value is. increased with ruminant products, and that net returns of humanly edible nutrients are dependent on the production system used. The efficiency with which ruminants convert humanly edible energy and protein into meat or milk is highly dependent on diet, and hence, on regional production practices. Previous studies suggest that in the United States, dairy production efficiency ranges from 96 to 276% on a humanly consumable protein basis. Beef production efficiency is very dependent on the time spent in the feedlot and digestible energy and protein efficiencies range from 28 to 59% and 52 to 104%, respectively. However, beef production can add to the humanly consumable protein pool depending on the feeding schedule. In addition, the protein resulting from ruminant livestock production is of higher quality with a greater biological value than protein in the substrate feeds. The evidence that ruminant livestock belong in sustainable livestock production systems is convincing.

352.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8558
Role of soil microbial biomass and microbivorous nematodes in functioning of sustainable agricultural systems.
Scow, K.; Ferris, H. Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects Western Region. [1991-. 1995. 11 p.
SARE Project Number: AW92-7 (AW 92-7). Record includes floppy disk. Reporting period for this report is November 1, 1994- December 15, 1995.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; soil-flora; microbial-activities; biomass-production; carbon; nitrogen; mineralization; free-living-nematodes; population-density; arginine; respiration; soil-fertility; biological-activity-in- soil; low-input-agriculture; organic-farming; farming; sustainability; california; conventional-farming

353.
NAL Call No.: S590.S62-no.45
The role of soil science in estimating global food security in 2040.
Penning de Vries, F. W. T.; Keulen, H. v.; Luyten, J. C. The Role of soil science in interdisciplinary research. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy : Soil Science Society of America, 1996. p. 17-35.
Includes references.
Descriptors: food-production; production-possibilities; food-supply; supply-balance; food-consumption; estimation; world; natural-resources; resource-utilization; sustainability; farming- systems; low-input-agriculture; land-capability; high-versus-low- external-input-farming

354.
NAL Call No.: HN49.C6S82-no.3
Rural re-regulation and institutional sustainability: a case study of alternative farming systems in England.
Clark, G.; Bowler, I.; Crockett, A.; Ilbery, B.; Shaw, A. Agricultural restructuring and sustainability a geographical perspective / p.117-134. (1997)
Includes references.

355.
NAL Call No.: HD9000.5.H785--1995
Science, agriculture, and food security.
Hulse, J. H.; National Research Council Canada. Ottawa : NRC Research Press, 1995. xiv, 242 p., Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-234) and index.
Descriptors: Food-supply; Food-consumption; Diet; Sustainable-agriculture

356.
NAL Call No.: TS1765.I57--1996
The second International IFOAM Conference on Organic Textiles : proceedings, 23rd to 26th September 1996 in Bingen, Germany.
International IFOAM Conference on Organic Textiles (2nd : 1996 : Bingen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. [Konstanz, Germany? : Institut fur Marktokologie, 1996?] 157, 48 p. : ill., Cover title.
Descriptors: Textile-fabrics-Congresses; Textile- industry-Congresses; Organic-farming-Congresses

357.
NAL Call No.: HC121.J68
La Selva and the magnetic pull of markets: organic coffee-growing in Mexico.
Murphy, E. C. Grassroots dev v.19(1): p.27-34. (1995)
Focus: Sustainable agriculture.
Descriptors: coffea-arabica; organic-farming; extension-education; marketing; rural-communities; sustainability; mexico

358.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Sequential applications control woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) and wild-proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) in corn (Zea mays).
Rabaey, T. L.; Harvey, R. G. Weed technol v.11(3): p.537-542. (1997 July-1997 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; weed-control; eriochloa-villosa; panicum-miliaceum; chemical-control; acetochlor; alachlor; metolachlor; pendimethalin; sulfonylurea-herbicides; amide- herbicides; low-input-agriculture; application-rates; application-date; timing; crop-yield; grain; Wisconsin; panicum- miliaceum-subsp; -ruderale; san-582h; dimethenamid; nicosulfuron; reduced-herbicide-rates

359.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Simulation of a legume ley farming system in northern Australia using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator.
Carberry, P. S.; McCown, R. L.; Muchow, R. C.; Dimes, J. P.; Probert, M. E.; Poulton, P. L.; Dalgliesh, N. P. Aust j exp agric v.36(8): p.1037-1048. (1996)
Paper presented at a Workshop on conservation farming for the semi-arid tropics, July 18-20, 1995, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia. Includes references.
Descriptors: ley-farming; simulation-models; sorghum; zea-mays; stylosanthes-hamata; crop-yield; rotations; intercropping; alternative-farming; semiarid-zones; australia; apsim-simulation-model

360.
NAL Call No.: HD1476.M6T67--1995
The small farm in a alternative development strategy. 1. ed. El minifundio en una estrategia alternativa de desarrollo.
Torres Carral, G. Chapingo, Mexico : Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Direccion General de Difusion Cultural, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1995. 146 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-146).
Descriptors: Farms,-Small-Mexico; Sustainable- agriculture-Mexico; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Mexico

361.
NAL Call No.: HD101.S6
Small farms and sustainable development: Is small more sustainable.
D'Souza, G.; Ikerd, J. J agric appl econ v.28(1): p.73- 87. (1996 July)
Paper presented at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association, Annual Meeting, February 3-7, 1996, Greensboro, North Carolina. Discussion by M.S. Henry, p. 84-87. Includes references.
Descriptors: small-farms; farm-size; sustainability; usa
Abstract: A new, post-industrial, paradigm for agriculture is emerging under the concept of sustainable agriculture. The sustainability paradigm has emerged to solve problems created by the industrial model, primarily environmental pollution and resource base degradation. The role of farm size in this transformation to a more sustainable agriculture is the issue addressed. Using a descriptive approach, and relying on a survey of the literature including emerging paradigms and observations, we conclude that, from a sustainability perspective, the smallest effective size will be the most competitive size for farms, as for other knowledge-based enterprises of the future.

362.
NAL Call No.: S473.K4O48--1996
The smallest possible area to grow food and feed : an investigation into sustainable diet and dairy production.
Omondi, E. C. Willits, CA : Ecology Action, [1996] 45 p., Cover title. "November 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 45).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Kenya

363.
NAL Call No.: HD9007.V8S63--1996
Smart foods for a sound planet : a Virginia compendium of Earth friendly food resources : 1995-1996. [2nd ed.].
Virginia Association for Biological Farming. Blacksburg, Va. : The Association, [1996?] 40 p. : ill., map, Cover title.
Descriptors: Natural-foods-Virginia-Marketing- Directories; Organic-farming-Virginia-Directories

364.
NAL Call No.: Videocassette--no.2639
Social capital and sustainability : the community and managing change in agriculture.
Iowa State University. University Extension. Iowa State University. Extension Communications Systems. Iowa : Iowa State University, University Extension, c1996. 1 videocassette (22 min.) : sd., col.
Descriptors: Infrastructure-Economics/ Community- development-United-States/ Land-use,-Rural-United-States/ Sustainable-agriculture-United-States/ Agricultural-conservation- United-States/ Conservation-of-natural-resources-United-States

Abstract: Social capital, community interest and sustainable agricultural practices will be critical components in managing agricultural change in the rural communities of the future.
365.
NAL Call No.: HC10.S63
Social movements for sustainable agriculture in France: a Polanyian perspective.
Barham, E. Soc nat resour v.10(3): p.239-249. (1997 May- 1997 June)
Special Issue: The Politics and Policies of Sustainable Agriculture. Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; sustainability; social-impact; economic-sociology; france; activism

366.
Soil quality : a key to sustainable land management.
[Online] Available: http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/5dc4b9981b861d8d4a256654003b7a6d/71de891c76430335ca2576cb00031fdd/$FILE/ATTCZ2RM/Soil_quality_hands_land_manager.pdf [September 1998].
International Symposium: "Advances in Soil Quality for Land Management: Science, Practice, and Policy. (1996 : University of Ballarat). University of Ballarat. Centre for Environmental Management. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation (Australia). Ballarat : Centre for Environmental Management, University of Ballarat, [1996?]
Caption title. "International Symposium: "Advances in Soil Quality for Land Management: Science, Practice and Policy held at the University of Ballarat, 17-19 April 1996." Symposium was organised by the University of Ballarat and the Cooperative Research Centre for Soil and Land Management (Adelaide) and sponsored by LWRRDC ... [et al.].
Descriptors: Soils-Quality-Congresses; Land-use- Congresses; Soils-Classification-Congresses; Soil-management- Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Congresses

367.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Structural adaptation of human settlements to climate for sustainable agriculture.
Hakeem, S. A.; Vemuri, S. R. J sustain agric v.10(1): p.63-74. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems; sustainability; settlement; resource-utilization; technology; outturn; interactions; externalities; climate; adaptation; structural- adjustment

368.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
Subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacing and management for cotton in the southeastern Coastal Plain.
Camp, C. R.; Bauer, P. J.; Hunt, P. G. Trans ASAE v.40(4): p.993-999. (1997 July-1997 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; trickle-irrigation; subsurface-irrigation; emitters; spacing; profitability; crop- yield; fiber-quality; low-input-agriculture; coastal-plains; southeastern-states-of-usa
Abstract: The cost of drip irrigation can be reduced by using both wider lateral spacings and the same laterals for multiple years, as with subsurface placement. Multiple, low-rate fertilizer and water applications may reduce N fertilizer needs by improving efficiency and limiting the potential for leaching. The combination of these technologies may make drip irrigation of cotton profitable. Four years of continuous cotton and two years of cotton rotated with peanut were evaluated. Two subsurface drip irrigation lateral spacings (every row, 1 m, and alternate furrow, 2 m) and three sidedress-nitrogen methods (STD, single application of 112 kg/ha; INC, 112 kg/ha in five equal applications, and GOS applications determined by GOSSYM/COMAX) were evaluated for cotton during 1991-1994. Two of the sidedress- nitrogen methods (STD and GOS) were evaluated for a rainfall-only treatment. Lint yields did not differ between the lateral spacings in any year. Yields for irrigated treatments were 16 and 65 percent greater than rainfall-only yields in 1992 and 1993 respectively. The GOSSYM/COMAX-managed nitrogen treatment received 30 percent less nitrogen fertilizer than other treatments, but had similar lint yield. Several fiber physical properties were affected by irrigation and nitrogen, but these effects were small and inconsistent. For continuous cotton, or cotton rotated with peanut, the wider lateral spacing is preferred to the every-row spacing because of its lower initial cost (about 30 percent). The combination of lower system cost, longer system life, and lower N-fertilizer requirements could make subsurface drip irrigation of cotton profitable for southeastern Coastal Plain. soils, and reduce the potential for ground water contamination.

369.
NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Suitability of organic compost and broccoli mulch soil treatments for commercial strawberry production on the California central coast.
Sances, F. V.; Ingham, E. L. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.19. (1995)
Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.
Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mushroom-compost; forest-litter; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; crop-residues; plant-pathogenic-fungi; cultural-control; incorporation; mulches; preplanting-treatment; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; pesticides; california; chemical-vs; -cultural-disease-control

370.
NAL Call No.: S482.S87--1997
Sustainability, growth, and poverty alleviation : a policy and agroecological perspective.
Vosti, S. A.; Reardon, T. A.; International Food Policy Research Institute. Baltimore, MD : Published for the International Food Policy Research Institute [by] Johns Hopkins University Press, c1997. xxii, 407 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 347-388) and index.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Developing-countries; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Developing-countries; Agriculture-and-state-Developing-countries; Agriculture-Economic- aspects-Developing-countries; Poverty-Developing-countries

371.
NAL Call No.: S441.S872
Sustainability in the balance series.
University of California, S. C. C. f. A. a. S. F. S. Santa Cruz : The Center, [1994- v. : ill.
Title from caption. Preceded by an unnumbered series with title: Sustainability in the balance.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Social-aspects- United-States; Food-supply-United-States

372.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S85--1995
Sustainability issues in agricultural and rural development policies.
Petry, F. F.; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Policy Analysis Division. Training Service. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1995. 2 v. : ill., "M-60"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references.
CONTENTS NOTE: v. 1. Trainee's reader. -- v. 2. Trainer's kit.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture; Agriculture- Environmental-aspects; Agriculture-Economic-aspects; Agricultural-development-projects; Rural-development; Agriculture-and-state

373.
NAL Call No.: S401.D46--1995
Sustainable agricultural development. Desarrollo agropecuario sustentable : "estrategias para el uso agropecuario del territorio".
Verde, L.; Viglizzo, E.; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (Argentina). Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Argentina). Seminario Internacional "Desarrollo Agropecuario Sustentable" (2nd : 1994). Republica Argentina : Direccion de Comunicaciones del INTA, 1995. x, 87 p. : ill., maps, "II seminario internacional"--Cover. "Segundo Seminario Internacional sobre Desarrollo Agropecuario Sustentable ... organizaron en Octubre de 1994"--P. iv. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Congresses; Agriculture- Southern-Cone-of-South-America-Congresses; Sustainable- agriculture-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Southern-Cone-of- South-America-Congresses; Agriculture-Economic-aspects- Congresses; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Southern-Cone-of-South- America-Congresses; Land-use,-Rural-Congresses; Land-use,-Rural- Southern-Cone-of-South-America-Congresses

374.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ou8
Sustainable agricultural development for small farmers in Nepal: Myth or reality.
Regmi, P. P.; Weber, K. E. Outlook-agric. Oxon : C.A.B. International. 1996. v. 25 (2) p. 89-94.
Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; small-farms; agricultural- development; food-supply; research; farm-planning; nepal

375.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ou8
Sustainable agricultural development in less developed countries.
Maskey, R. K. Outlook-agric. Oxon : C.A.B. International. 1997. v. 26 (1) p. 39-45.
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-development; sustainability; farm-management; agricultural-policy; research-policy; rural- development; developing-countries

376.
NAL Call No.: KF27.A33277--1982b
Sustainable agricultural systems : hearings before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, April 16, 1982, Ontario, Calif., April 22 and 27, 1982, Washington, D.C.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, R. a. F. A. Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O., 1982. v, 448 p. : ill., "Serial no. 97- PPP." Item 1010-A, 1010-B (microfiche). Includes bibliographical references. SUDOCS: Y 4.Ag 8/1:97-PPP.
Descriptors: Land-use,-Rural-United-States-Planning; Land-use,-Rural-California-Planning; Soil-conservation-United- States; Soil-conservation-California

377.
NAL Call No.: S475.C52A37--1994
Sustainable agriculture. Agricultura sustentable : un caso de simulacion para Chile.
Altieri, M. A. Chile : Universidad de Talca, 1994. 92 p. : ill., map, Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Chile-Case- studies; Agriculture-and-state-Chile-Case-studies

378.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
Sustainable agriculture and alternative crop production at the 1890 Colleges and Universities.
Rhoden, E. G.; Khan, V. A. SRDC ser (178): p.17-25. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina. Includes references.

379.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
Sustainable agriculture and alternative crop production: the 1890 institutions' contributions.
Marsh, D. B. SRDC ser (178): p.15-16. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina.

380.
NAL Call No.: HD2145.5.Z8W67--1994
Sustainable agriculture and economic development in Nigeria : proceedings of a Workshop on Nigeria's Agricultural Research, Policy, Planning and Plan Implementation Experience and Relevance to Development, held at the University of Ibadan Conference Center, Ibadan, Nigeria, May 31 and June 1, 1994.
Ikpi, A. E.; Olayemi, J. K.; Workshop on Nigeria's Agricultural Research, Policy, Plannning and Plan Implementation Experience and Relevance to Development. 1995. University of Ibadan, Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development. Arlington, VA : Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1995. iii, 144 p. : 1 map, At head of title: African rural social sciences research networks. Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-Nigeria-Congresses; Agriculture-Research-Nigeria-Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture- Nigeria-Congresses

381.
NAL Call No.: HC10.S63
Sustainable agriculture and global institutions: emerging institutions and mixed incentives.
Juillet, L.; Roy, J.; Scala, F. Soc nat resour v.10(3): p.309-318. (1997 May-1997 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: international-trade; environmental-policy; agricultural-production; sustainability; trade-liberalization; environmental-protection; globalization

382.
NAL Call No.: HN49.C6S82-no.3
Sustainable agriculture and its social geographic context in Ontario.
Walker, G. Agricultural restructuring and sustainability a geographical perspective / p.313-327. (1997)
Includes references.

383.
NAL Call No.: PPUSDA S-494.5.S86-S972-1995; HD1761.S88-- 1995
Sustainable agriculture and the 1995 farm bill.
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Ames, Iowa : Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, 1995. vi, 32 p., Papers presented at a conference organized by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. "April 1995." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29) and index.
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-United-States- Congresses; Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States- Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-United- States-Congresses; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Government- policy-United-States-Congresses; Agricultural-laws-and- legislation-United-States-Congresses

384.
NAL Call No.: HC13.I544-1996
Sustainable agriculture and the MCDM paradigm: the development of compromise programming models with special reference to small-scale farmers in Chile's VIth region.
Kobrich, C.; Rehman, T. Multiple objective decision making for land, water, and environmental management proceedings of the First International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems MODSS for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications / International Conference on Multiple Objective Decision Support Systems for Land, Water and Environmental Management: Concepts, Approaches, and Applications. Boca Raton, Fla. : Lewis Publishers, c1998. p. 557-569.
Meeting held September 1996 in Honolulu, Hawaii. Edited by S.A. El-Swaify and D.S. Yakowitz. Includes references.
Descriptors: small-farms; sustainability; programming; mathematical-models; economic-viability; decision-making; models; profitability; risk; erosion; farm-income; chile; multiple- criteria-decision-making-models

385.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S87--1995
Sustainable agriculture : concepts, issues and policies in OECD countries.
Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development. Paris : OECD, 1995. 68 p., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Organisation-for-Economic-Co-operation- and-Development; Sustainable-agriculture; Alternative- agriculture; Agriculture-and-state

386.
NAL Call No.: S441.S865--1994
Sustainable agriculture : conceptual and methodological issues : proceedings of an organized symposium presented at the 1994 Annual Conference of the American Agricultural Economics Association, San Deigo [sic], California, August 1994.
American Agricultural Economics Association. Conference (1994 : San Diego, C. Nashville, Tenn. : Cooperative Agricultural Research Program, School of Agriculture and Home Economics, Tennessee State University, [1994?] ii, 44 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-United-States- Congresses; Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects-United- States-Congresses

387.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Sustainable agriculture: future hope for developing countries.
Nene, Y. L. Can J plant pathol v.18(2): p.133-140. (1996)
Paper presented at the "6th International Congress of Plant Pathology," July 28-August 6, 1993, Montreal, Canada. Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; food-production; environmental-impact; environmental-protection; human-population; land-use; farming-systems; farm-inputs; agricultural-chemicals; natural-resources; agricultural-research; water-management; developing-countries
Abstract: Aided by a political resolve, the dedication of their scientists, and strong international support, many developing countries made remarkable progress in achieving self- sufficiency in food and natural fiber during the last two decades. However, increasing population and commercialization of agriculture in these countries have put enormous pressure on the resources needed for a sustained growth in agricultural production. Limited arable lands are being overexploited reducing their productivity. Erosion-prone marginal lands are being brought under cultivation. Faulty irrigation practices, coupled with poor drainage, have made many areas less productive than before. Several time-tested stable cropping systems have been given up in favor of new, unstable systems to obtain higher yields per unit area. Indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to serious unforeseen problems adversely affecting the stability of crops. In spite of these setbacks, there is hope of achieving sustainable growth in agricultural production. This can be done by improving land and water management practices; discovering stable, high-productivity farming systems including crops and livestock; evolving better, environment-friendly crop health management practices; using new biotechnology tools; supporting international agricultural research centers sponsored by the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research; involving nongovernmental organizations and government agencies in efforts to educate and support farmers; and most important of all, implementing innovative programs to reduce population growth rates with the total commitment of the concerned governments.

388.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86G3
Sustainable agriculture: impacts on food production and challenges for food security.
Pretty, J. N.; Thompson, J.; Hinchcliffe, F. Gatekeeper series. London, UK : International Institute for Environment and Development, [1987?-. 1996. (60) 29 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-development; food-production; food-supply; sustainability; environmental-protection; resource- utilization; social-policy; food-policy

389.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Sustainable agriculture in the Corn Belt: production-side progress and demand-side constraints.
Lighthall, D. R. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1996. v. 11 (4) p. 168-174.
Includes references.
Descriptors: low-input-agriculture; ridging; pesticides; usage; no-tillage; alternative-farming; farming; sustainability; farm-structure; farm-size; marketing; innovation- adoption; resistance-to-change; structural-change; farmers'- attitudes; corn-belt-states-of-usa; conventional-farming
Abstract: This paper explores the constraints to sustainable agriculture in the Corn Belt stemming from the trend toward increased farm size and the continued dependence of the region on undifferentiated farm commodities produced for regional, national, and international markets. It is based on a three-county comparison of 14 full-time farmers who have embraced sustainable principles and practices, and a randomly sampled group of 25 farmers. An encouraging finding was the substantial progress made towards lower-input production of corn and soybeans by the nine farmers who had adopted the ridge tillage system, which uses elevated seedbeds, banded herbicides, and post-plant nitrogen application to reduce both sod erosion and synthetic chemical inputs while maintaining yields. However, operators of large farms that depend on hired labor and highly dispersed field sites regarded these practices as too risky at their scale of production despite their short-term economic and long-tenn environmental benefits. The region's commercial farmers appear split between family farmers who wish to avoid the headaches of scale expansion and hired labor, and therefore, embrace more efficient low-input systems such as ridge tillage versus those who reject the increased management intensity and risks of lower- input systems in favor of scale expansion via more chemical- intensive no-till systems. Although ridge tillage represents movement toward low-input cash grain production, low-input production systems alone are not sufficient to improve the underlying social welfare of rural areas. Arresting the trend towards fewer and larger farms will also require development of more specialized or more localized. markets for sustainably produced commodities.

390.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-J822
Sustainable agriculture in the southwest United States and its relationship to landscape planning.
Blair, J. M.; McSherry, L. J soil water conserv v.51(4): p.280-284. (1996 July-1996 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: land-resources; land-use-planning; landscape; land-development; agriculture; farming-systems; sustainability; agricultural-chemicals; environmental-impact; irrigation-water; extraction; water-resources; urbanization; resource-utilization; resource-conservation

391.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Sustainable agriculture: introduction and summary.
Cook, R. J. Can J plant pathol v.18(2): p.115-118. (1996)
Paper presented at the "6th International Congress of Plant Pathology," July 28-August 6, 1993, Montreal, Canada. Includes references.
Descriptors: plant-diseases; sustainability; crop- production; plant-protection; plant-disease-control; biological- control; disease-resistance; genetic-resistance; plant-breeding; productivity

392.
NAL Call No.: HD1428.O23--no.14
Sustainable agriculture is the solution, but what is the problem?.
Wilken, G. C.; United States. Board for International Food and Agricultural Development and Economic Cooperation. [Washinton, D.C.?] : Board for International Food and Agricultural Development and Economic Cooperation, [1991] 32 p., "April 1991." Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-32).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects; Agricultural-resources-Management

393.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
Sustainable agriculture issues on the national agenda.
Bird, G. W. SRDC ser (178): p.4-6. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina. Includes references.
Descriptors: sustainability; agricultural-research; federal-programs; low-input-agriculture; legislation; usa

394.
NAL Call No.: HD1775.V8H6
Sustainable agriculture: only goals, not definitions.
Mundy, V. Horiz. Blacksburg, Va. : Rural Economic Analysis Program. May/June 1997. v. 9 (3) 5 p.
Includes references.

395.
NAL Call No.: HT401.S72
The sustainable agriculture question in its social and economic context: community.
Callaway, S. SRDC ser (178): p.49-50. (1993 Dec.)
Proceedings of the 1890 Extension & Research Conference on Challenging the Past to Build the Future, March 21-24, 1993, Greensboro, North Carolina.

396.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program.
Bird, G. W. HortTechnology v.6(4): p.359-362. (1996 Oct.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; sustainability; research- projects; agricultural-research; alternative-farming; cooperative-extension-service

397.
NAL Call No.: S441.S873--1996
Sustainable agriculture : Task Force report.
President's Council on Sustainable Development. Washington, D.C. : President's Council on Sustainable Development, 1996. 19 p., Includes bibliographical references (p. 17).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy- United-States

398.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Sustainable agriculture: the role of plant pathology.
Wood, R. K. S. Can J plant pathol v.18(2): p.141-144. (1996)
Paper presented at the "6th International Congress of Plant Pathology," July 28-August 6, 1993, Montreal, Canada. Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; sustainability; plant- diseases; plant-disease-control; technology-transfer; disease- resistance; genetic-resistance; chemical-control; biological- control; biological-control-agents; plant-pathogens; pest- control
Abstract: A sustainable system of crop production is one that may be used continuously for many years, is soundly based on the potential and within the limitations of a particular region, and does not unduly deplete its resources or degrade its environment, makes best use of energy and materials, ensures good and reliable yields, and benefits the health and wealth of the local population at competitive costs. Plant pathology can and should contribute in each of these respects--by assessing the immediate and potential dangers to crops from diseases, by forecasting their incidence and severity, by deploying the best methods of control in the short and longer term, by evaluating the risks particularly by integrated use of the methods, by exploiting the potential for disease control in new systems of crop production, by recognizing the critical importance of extension and training in getting farmers to adopt the best practices, and by research at the highest levels on pathogens and diseases to provide the scientific base upon which major improvements in the technology of disease control will depend.

399.
NAL Call No.: S441.L33--1996
Sustainable food production workshop : policy options to promote environmental technologies.
Lachman, B. E. 1.; Rand Corporation. Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 1996. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., "P-7966" Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. F1).
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture-United-States; Food-industry-and-trade-Environmental-aspects-United-States; Environmental-policy-United-States

400.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Sustainable game farming: considerations for Canadian policy makers and legislators.
Twiss, M. P.; Thomas, V. G.; Lavigne, D. M. J sustain agric v.9(1): p.81-98. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: game-farming; sustainability; livestock- enterprises; agricultural-policy; legislation; regulations; socioeconomics; bioethics; canada

401.
NAL Call No.: S482.S87-1997
Sustainable growth in agricultural production: poetry, policy, and science.
Ruttan, V. M. Sustainability, growth, and poverty alleviation a policy and agroecological perspective / p.19-33. (1997)
Edited by Vosti, S.A. and Reardon, T. Includes references.

402.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Sustainable horticulture: an overview.
Brumfield, R. G. HortTechnology v.6(4): p.352-354. (1996 Oct.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horticulture; sustainability; crop- production; farm-inputs; environmental-protection; low-input- agriculture; attitudes; legislation; environmental-legislation; trends; history

403.
NAL Call No.: HD1918.S87--1985
Sustainable or bankrupt? : the common agricultural policy : the report of a conference convened by CIIR on behalf of the UK Food Group and the Sustainable Agriculture Food and Environment (SAFE) Alliance.
Catholic Institute for International Relations. UK Food Group. S.A.F.E. Alliance. London : Catholic Institute for International Relations, [1995] 23 p. : ill., Cover title. "18 May 1995." Includes bibliographical references (p. 11).
Descriptors: Agriculture-and-state-European-Union- countries; Sustainable-agriculture-European-Union-countries

404.
NAL Call No.: HN49.C6S82-no.3
Sustainable technologies, sustainable farms: farms, households and structural change.
Roberts, R.; Hollander, G. Agricultural restructuring and sustainability a geographical perspective / p.55-72. (1997)
Includes references.

405.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Sustainable whole farm grain/silage production systems for the Southeast.
Reeves, D. W. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast Region. [1988-. 1994. 54 p.
SARE Project Number: LS93-53. Date of report is December 1, 1994.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; lupinus-albus; zea- mays; grain-crops; glycine-max; rotations; double-cropping; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; crop-yield; biomass- production; dry-matter; silage-making; nutrient-content; bacillus-thuringiensis; insect-pests; insect-control; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; alabama; florida; georgia

406.
NAL Call No.: SF85.35.A17S97--1995
Sustainablity [sic] of range livestock production systems in the West : a symposium : Billings, Montana Sep. 17-21, 1994. Proceedings of the symposium : sustainability of range livestock production systems in the West. Sustainability of range livestock production systems in the West.
Montana State University (Bozeman). Michigan State University. Extension. USDA Agriculture Research and Education Program. Western Region. Logan, Utah : Western Region SARE : Utah State University, [1995] 1 computer disk
Title from title screen. "Sustainable Agriculture Network"--Disk label. "May95"--Disk label. "Folio infobase."
Descriptors: Livestock-West-U; S; -Congresses-Software; Range-management-West-U; S; -Congresses-Software; Grazing-West-U; S; -Congresses-Software; Sustainable-agriculture-West-U; S; - Congresses-Software

407.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Sustaining productivity of a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 3. Effects of nitrate accumulated in fertilised soil on crop response and profitability.
Strong, W. M.; Dalal, R. C.; Cahill, M. J.; Weston, E. J.; Cooper, J. E.; Lehane, K. J.; King, A. J.; Chicken, C. J. Aust j exp agric v.36(6): p.675-682. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; continuous-cropping; no-tillage; tillage; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; residual-effects; crop-yield; protein-content; nitrogen-content; returns; profitability; queensland; conventional-tillage

408.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Sustaining productivity of a Vertisol at Warra, Queensland, with fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes. 4. Nitrogen fixation, water use and yield of chickpea.
Dalal, R. C.; Strong, W. M.; Doughton, J. A.; Weston, E. J.; McNamara, G. T.; Cooper, J. E. Aust j exp agric v.37(6): p.667-676. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cicer-arietinum; triticum-aestivum; rotations; vertisols; soil-fertility; nitrogen-balance; nitrogen- fixation; sowing-date; no-tillage; tillage; water-use-efficiency; biomass-production; crop-yield; sustainability; queensland; conventional-tillage

409.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8553
Sustaining row crop and fine hardwood productivity through alley cropping: on-farm demonstration, research, and economic evaluation of an integrated low-input system.
Gillespie, A. R. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects North Central Region. [1988-. 1995. 20 p.
SARE Project Number: LNC 94-72. Reporting period for this report is October 1994 to December 1995.
Descriptors: zea-mays; alley-cropping; juglans-nigra; agroforestry; sustainability; low-input-agriculture; demonstration-farms; indiana

410.
NAL Call No.: SF241.L8N6
Tackling the problem of improving forage utilization without chemicals in ruminants.
Forsberg, C. W. Dairy res rep (0395): p.15-17. (1995)
Descriptors: livestock; ruminants; rumen-digestion; fodder-crops; utilization; feed-additives; enzyme-preparations; production-possibilities; transgenic-plants; rumen- microorganisms; genetic-engineering; feed-utilization; feed- enzyme-preparations; fibrolytic-enzymes; enzyme-production

411.
NAL Call No.: SB950.T43--1997
Techniques for reducing pesticide use : economic and environmental benefits.
Pimentel, D. 1. Chichester ; New York : Wiley, c1997. xii, 444 p., [4] p. of plates : ill. (some col.), Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Agricultural-pests-Control; Agricultural- pests-Control-Economic-aspects; Agricultural-pests-Control- Environmental-aspects; Pesticides-Economic-aspects; Pesticides- Environmental-aspects

412.
NAL Call No.: S590.S68
Testing a low-quality urban compost as a fertilizer for arable farming.
Murillo, J. M.; Lopez, R.; Cabrera, F.; Martin Olmedo, P. Soil use manage v.11(3): p.127-131. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: arable-soils; composts; refuse; quality; application-to-land; application-rates; lolium; crop-yield; dry- matter-accumulation; nitrogen; mineralization; nutrient-uptake; copper; nickel; cadmium; lead; heavy-metals; uptake; organic- fertilizers; efficiency; spain; agronomic-efficiency
Abstract: A coarse urban compost, low in organic matter but mature, was tested for agricultural use. The response of Tewera ryegrass to this compost (applied at 12 and 48 t/ha) was evaluated in a field trial over two years. For a satisfactory yield the larger dose was necessary. This dose also gave greater values for the apparent recovery of N in both years. However, the N concentration in ryegrass was always below the sufficiency ranges proposed for N. The values of the potentially mineralizable N of the compost showed that the applied N at the greater rate of compost application was not sufficient to cover crop removal of N. In contrast, concentrations of P, S, K, Mn and Zn were within their corresponding sufficiency ranges. The dose of 48 t/ha did not increase Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd concentrations in the ryegrass.

413.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
Tile effluent quality and chemical losses under conventional and no-tillage. 1. Flow and nitrate.
Patni, N. K.; Masse, L.; Jui, P. Y. Trans ASAE v.39(5): p.1665-1672. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: tillage; no-tillage; nitrate-nitrogen; effluents; water-quality; losses-from-soil; loam-soils; zea-mays; anhydrous-ammonia; ph; crop-yield; precipitation; tile-drainage; ontario
Abstract: The effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatments on tile drain flow, and nitrate concentration and loss in tile effluent was studied over a 40-month period in loam soil, corn fields (Zea mays L.) of approximately 3 ha each. Specific conductivity and pH of tile effluent, and corn silage yield were also determined during the January 1991 to early May 1994 study period, flow was significantly (p <0.05) higher under NT than CT mainly due to flow difference during the snowmelt and spring periods. The drinking water limit of 10 mg/L for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) was exceeded in over 90% of the 1010 tile effluent samples that were analyzed. Flow-weighted average NO3-N concentrations during tile flow events tended to be higher under CT than NT but treatment effect was significant (p <0.05) only in one crop-year, 1993- 1994. The nitrogen lost as nitrate during the study period represented more than 20% of the amount applied as anhydrous ammonia. Annual losses ranged from 10% to 30%. Most loss occurred during the spring period when tile flow was highest. Over the 40- month study period, NO3-N loss in tile effluent was not significantly different for the two treatments. It was significantly (p <0.05) higher under NT than CT only in one crop-year due to significantly higher flow under NT. There was no tillage treatment effect on tile effluent pH and specific conductivity. Corn silage yield was significantly higher (p <0.01) under CT than NT during two years only when a burnout herbicide was not used prior to planting.

414.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
Tile effluent quality and chemical losses under conventional and no tillage. 2. Atrazine and metolachlor.
Masse, L.; Patni, N. K.; Jui, P. Y.; Clegg, B. S. Trans ASAE v.39(5): p.1673-1679. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: metolachlor; atrazine; tillage; no- tillage; losses-from-soil; water-quality; effluents; tile- drainage; concentration; loam-soils; zea-mays; precipitation; ontario
Abstract: The long-term effect of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on the concentration and loss of the atrazine, deethylatrazine and metolachlor in tile effluent was studied over a 40-month period in four loam soil, corn (Zea mays L.) fields of approximately 3 ha each. Atrazine and deethylatrazine were detected at low concentrations in most of the 773 samples collected between January 1991 and early May 1994. Under both tillage treatments, atrazine concentrations were mostly below the USEPA advisory of 3 micrograms/L while concentrations of atrazine plus deethylatrazine were generally below 5 micrograms/L, the Canadian interim Maximum Acceptable Concentration (IMAC) for the sum of atrazine and its metabolites. Concentrations exceeding these limits were mainly observed during rainfall-induced flow events within a few days or weeks following herbicide application. The flow-weighted average concentrations of atrazine during flow events were significantly (p <0.05) higher under NT than CT. Metolachlor was also detected at low concentrations, and in relatively few flow events. Concentrations were always well below the USEPA advisory of 100 micrograms/L or the Canadian IMAC of 50 micrograms/L. Annual loss of herbicides in tile effluent ranged from 0.02% to 0.34% of the amount applied. Most loss occurred during spring flow events when tile flow was the highest. Atrazine and deethylatrazine losses under the NT treatment were significantly (p <0.05) higher than those under the CT treatment.

415.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.S54--1997
Toward organic integrity : a guide to the development of US organic standards.
Sligh, M. Pittsboro, NC : Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA, [1997?] xxiv, 243 p., Cover title. "July 1997." Includes bibliographical references.
Descriptors: Organic-farming-Standards-United-States; Natural-foods-Standards-United-States; Natural-foods-industry- Standards-United-States

416.
NAL Call No.: HD626.I74--1997
Towards a sustainable land policy.
Ireland. Dept. of Agriculture, F. a. F. [Dublin? : Stationery Office, 1997?] 17 p.
Descriptors: Land-use-Ireland; Land-use,-Rural-Ireland; Conservation-of-natural-resources- Ireland; Sustainable-agriculture-Ireland

417.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Towards ecological farming in India for poverty alleviation, environmental regeneration, and political stabilization.
Shukla, A. N.; Rajan, V. J sustain agric v.6(4): p.61- 96. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rural-development; economic-development; rural-welfare; poverty; environmental-degradation; social-unrest; farming-systems; sustainability; environmental-protection; economic-viability; socioeconomic-status; improvement; india

418.
NAL Call No.: HD1960.H15H36--1994
Trade concept of ecological agriculture in Hamburg. Handlungskonzept okologische Landwirtschaft Hamburg : Gutachten im Auftrag der Umweltbehorde Hamburg.
Brandt, A.; Hamburg (Germany). Umweltbehorde. Tangstedt : Eco Region Forschungs- und Beratungsgesellschaft, 1994. iv, 152 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-152).
Descriptors: Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Germany- Hamburg; Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Germany-Hamburg; Agricultural-ecology-Germany-Hamburg

419.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Transition from conventional to alternative agriculture in Pakistan: the role of green manures in substituting for inorganic N fertilizers in a rice-wheat farming system.
Hussain, T.; Jilani, G.; Parr, J. F.; Ahmad, R. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Summer 1995. v. 10 (3) p. 133-137.
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; oryza; rotations; alternative-farming; nitrogen-fertilizers; nutrient-sources; use- efficiency; sesbania-aculeata; sesbania-rostrata; green-manures; urea; granules; farmyard-manure; mixtures; nitrogen; nutrient- uptake; crop-yield; wheat-straw; rice-straw; yield-components; recovery; residual-effects; economic-viability; profitability; pakistan; organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers; prilled-urea; nitrogen-recovery-efficiency
Abstract: Nitrogen, a vitally important plant nutrient, is subject to various losses that affects its efficiency. We tested prilled urea (PU), urea supergranules (USG), green manures (CM) and farmyard manure (FYM) in a rice-wheat cropping system to determine which were the most efficient and economical N sources. The maximum rice growth, yield and N-uptake occurred with USG and with GM (Sesbania rostrata) plus PU. Incorporation of GM saved 60 kp N/ha. On the following wheat crop, GM (S. aculeata) plus PU and FYM plus PU had the highest residual effect on the number of tillers per m2, and straw and grain yield. An increase in N recovery efficiency occurred with combined use of PU and organic/green manures compared with PU along. In areas were USG is costly or unavailable and FYM is scarce, green manures can be a cheap N source that allows small-scale farmers to get sustainable yields in a rice-wheat rotation.

420.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Treatment decisions based on egg scouting for tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), reduce insecticide use in tomato.
Zehnder, G. W.; Sikora, E. J.; Goodman, W. R. Crop prot v.14(8): p.683-687. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; helicoverpa-zea; fenvalerate; bacillus-thuringiensis; spraying; timing; ova; detection; crop-damage; costs; returns; profitability; crop- yield; integrated-pest-management; low-input-agriculture; alabama; esfenvalerate
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), management program where insecticide application was made only when fruitworm eggs were detected on tomato foliage. Fruit damage and number of insecticide applications were compared between the egg scouting program and a standard fruitworm management program where insecticides were applied on a weekly schedule. On average, 59 and 43% fewer insecticide applications (for esfenvalerate and Bacillus thuringiensis, respectively) were required in the egg scouting program, compared with the weekly spray program without any reduction in marketable yield. The average seasonal insecticide cost savings associated with the use of the egg scouting program were $US109.33 and US93.33 per ha for esfenvalerate and B. thuringiensis. respectively. When scouting was used, average net returns, considering machinery and labor costs, were $US146.45 and $US164.33 per ha higher for esfenvalerate and R. thuringiensis, respectively.

421.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8557
Use of poultry litter or manure for root-knot nematode management on vegetables and field crops.
Fortnum, B. Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects Southern Region. [1991-. 1995. 31 p.
SARE Project Number: AS93-11 (formerly in database under #3-31- XXX-0385-30-5414). Record includes floppy disk.
Descriptors: poultry-manure; meloidogyne; plant- parasitic-nematodes; developmental-stages; population-density; ammonia; volatilization; cucurbita; gossypium; lycopersicon; crop-yield; soil-ph; nematode-control; cultural-control; low- input-agriculture; south-carolina; georgia

422.
NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
Use of spectral radiance for correcting in-season fertilizer nitrogen deficiencies in winter wheat.
Stone, M. L.; Solie, J. B.; Raun, W. R.; Whitney, R. W.; Taylor, S. L.; Ringer, J. D. Trans ASAE v.39(5): p.1623-1631. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; winter-wheat; nutrient- deficiencies; nitrogen; application-rates; spatial-variation; sensors; spectral-analysis; indexes; grain; crop-yield; nutrient- uptake; crop-growth-stage; urea-ammonium-nitrate; low-input- agriculture; oklahoma; variable-rate-applications; plant- nitrogen-spectral-index
Abstract: Variable rate application technology based on spectral radiance has not previously been used for correcting in- season winter wheat nitrogen (N) deficiencies. Soil and yield mapping has been used to recommend variable amounts of applied fertilizer in crop production, however, both are restricted by the time required to obtain results and their utility is bound by the year in which they were generated. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between spectral radiance at specific wavelengths with wheat forage yield and forage N uptake, and to evaluate the potential use of spectral radiance measurements for correcting in-season wheat N deficiencies using sensor-based variable rate technology. Five studies were conducted, three in farmer fields where variable soil N deficiencies were present and two on Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station land. Spectral radiance readings for red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths were obtained in wheat between Feekes physiological stages 4 and 6 using photodiode-based sensors fitted with interference filters and interfaced to an embedded microcontroller. Correlation between a plant nitrogen spectral index (PNSI), a variation of the normalized-difference- vegetative-index (NDVI), and total N uptake in wheat forage was then established. Based on the PNSI readings, a variable 0 to 112 kg N ha-1 topdress N rate was determined for 3 X 3 m plots and N as urea ammonium-nitrate (UAN) applied accordingly (variable rate). In addition to the variable rate treatment, a fixed rate and a check plot (no N applied) were evaluated in a randomized complete block experiment. The PNSI was highly correlated with estimates of wheat forage N uptake at all. locations and stages of growth. Wheat grain yields increased significantly as a result of applying topdress N in both the fixed rate and variable rate treatments when compared to the check (no topdress N applied). However, no significant differences in wheat grain yield were found when comparing the fixed and variable rate treatments. Variable N rate treated plots (based on PNSI) resulted in a total N savings between 32 and 57 kg N ha-1 when compared to the fixed topdress N rates. In addition to improving site-specific N use efficiency, this technology will likely decrease the risk that overfertilization poses to the environment.

423.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A3N6
Using cluster analysis to classify farms for conventional/alternative systems research.
Bernhardt, K. J.; Allen, J. C.; Helmers, G. A. Rev agric econ v.18(4): p.599-611. (1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems-research; research- projects; cluster-analysis; economic-impact; environmental- impact; social-impact; farm-management; classification; systems- approach; equations; agriculture-in-concert-with-the- environment
Abstract: A multidisciplinary project, Agriculture in Concert with the Environment, is being conducted at the University of Nebraska. The project's goals are to use a farming systems approach to estimate and compare economic, environmental, and sociological performance/characteristics of conventional versus alternative production systems. Although a systems approach is often advocated, operationalizing initial classification of farm systems can be problematic. This is especially true in a multidisciplinary project where incentives for team members' active involvement are influenced by the appropriateness of methods and results for disciplinary publication. The initial classification of farming system observational units has to be robust enough to withstand critical review of each discipline. This study describes problems of classifying observational units for multidisciplinary conventional versus alternative agriculture research and presents cluster analysis, along with other farming systems concepts, to solve the problem. Farming systems research recognizes that decisions are made for a "system" of reasons and economic, environmental, and sociological outcomes result from a "system" of factors. The approach meets many objectives of a multidisciplinary team studying conventional versus alternative production systems -- fields for the soil scientist, economic flows for the economist, and people for the sociologist. However, standards for operationalizing this type of research effort are not well developed. The article describes the specific classification goals that team members had, how well cluster analysis met those goals, and the solution to various problems encountered. The final grouping is based on 59. cropping variables cluster analyzed into five groups ranging from an irrigated monocrop corn system to one that is near organic.

424.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Utah's vegetable growers: assessing sustainable agriculture.
Drost, D.; Long, G.; Hales, K. HortTechnology v.7(4): p.445-450. (1997 Oct.-1997 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vegetables; crop-production; growers; sustainability; surveys; cultural-methods; farmers'-attitudes; integrated-pest-management; plant-nutrition; site-preparation; planting; harvesting; rotations; fertilizers; tillage; farm- inputs; irrigation; technology-transfer; utah; nutrient- management; field-operations

425.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8552
Utilization of dairy manure in low-input, conservation tillage, animal feed production systems.
Mullen, M. D. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Southern Region. [1988-. 1995. 25 p.
SARE Project Number: LS93-52. Record includes floppy disk. Date of report is December 1995. Record includes publications by the author.
Descriptors: zea-mays; liquid-manures; dairy-wastes; ammonium-nitrate; application-rates; application; timing; split- dressings; crop-yield; maize-silage; yields; soil-fertility; nitrogen; phosphorus; no-tillage; mineralization; silt-loam- soils; nitrate-nitrogen; leaching; runoff; losses-from-soil; water-quality; low-input-agriculture; tennessee

426.
NAL Call No.: 30-Ad9
The value of long-term field experiments in agricultural, ecological, and environmental research.
Johnston, A. E. Adv agron. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press. 1997. v. 59 p. 291-333.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farming-systems-research

427.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Variability in pesticide use as a factor in measuring and bringing about reduction in pesticide usage in apple orchards.
Penrose, L. J.; Bower, C. C.; Nicol, H. I. Agric ecosyst environ v.59(1/2): p.97-105. (1996 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: malus; orchards; pest-management; pesticides; utilization; decision-making; farm-management; seasonal-variation; farmers'-attitudes; opinions; risk; new- south-wales

428.
NAL Call No.: SB123.P535
Variation and covariation of agronomic traits and quality in triticale at low nitrogen input.
Oettler, G. Plant breed v.115(6): p.445-450. (1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticale; heritability; genotype- nutrition-interaction; genetic-variation; nitrogen; nutrient- availability; soil-fertility; crop-yield; nutrition-physiology; agronomic-characteristics; kernels; spikes; seed-weight; genetic- correlation; phenotypic-correlation; genetic-variance; nitrogen- use-efficiency

429.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Vastgotmodellen: Sweden's sustainable alternative for swine production.
Honeyman, M. S. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Summer 1995. v. 10 (3) p. 129-132.
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig-farming; alternative-farming; sustainability; farming-systems; pig-housing; animal-behavior; animal-welfare; sweden; management-intensive-systems
Abstract: In a harsh, northern climate and under restrictive animal welfare laws and a strict ban on the use of subtherapeutic antibiotics, Swedish pig farmers have developed a management-intensive system of pig production that relies on straw, the animals' natural behavior, group housing dynamics and keen husbandry skills. The system is very efficient, with excellent pig reproduction and growth performance. The housing is simple and versatile. Called "Vastgotmodellen" after the region in western Sweden where it was developed by farmers during the 1980s, the system now is successfully used on approximately 100 farms in Sweden. The system is specific to producing feeder or weaner pigs of 25 to 30 kg for feeding in more conventional European-style finishing units. Vastgotmodellen may represent an agricultural system that is well adapted and economically competitive on modest-sized farms but not well suited for very large farms.

430.
NAL Call No.: S473.6.C25L36--1997
Waiting for rain : agriculture and ecological imbalance in Cape Verde.
Langworthy, M.; Finan, T. J. Boulder, Colo. : Lynne Reinner, 1997. xi, 212 p. : ill., map, Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-203) and index.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Cape-Verde; Agriculture- Environmental-aspects-Cape-Verde; Natural-resources-Cape-Verde; Agriculture-and-state-Cape-Verde; Food-supply-Cape-Verde; Cape- Verde-Rural-conditions

431.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.W37
Washington tilth directory.
Washington Tilth Association. Seattle, WA : Washington Tilth Association, v. : ill.
Description based on: 1993; title from cover.
Descriptors: Organic-farming-Washington-State- Directories; Sustainable-agriculture-Washington-State- Directories; Natural-foods-industry-Washington-State-Directories; Farm-supplies-Washington-State-Directories

432.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Water conservation practices for sustainable dryland farming systems in the Pacific Northwest.
Hammel, J. E. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1996. v. 11 (2/3) p. 58-63.
Paper presented at the U.S.-Middle East Conference and Workshop on "Dryland Farming Systems and Technologies for a more Sustainable Agriculture" held October 18-23, 1993, Moscow, Idaho. Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; winter-wheat; rotations; fallow-systems; dry-farming; sustainability; water- conservation; soil-conservation; erosion-control; crop-residues; covers; surface-layers; tillage; timing; evaporation; soil-water; losses-from-soil; soil-water-content; soil-depth; frozen- conditions; idaho; washington; oregon; winter-wheat-spring- cereals-fallow-systems; winter-wheat-fallow-systems; crop- residue-management; soil-water-storage
Abstract: Water limits crop production in most of the Pacific Northwest wheat region. Effective tillage and residue management systems are required to conserve precipitation, which provides 60 to 70% of the water for crop needs during the growing season. Annual cropping systems with winter wheat grown in rotation with spring cereals and legumes are used where winter precipitation is sufficient (> 450 mm) to recharge the soil profile. A winter wheat-spring cereal-fallow system is common in areas receiving 330 to 450 mm annual precipitation. Where annual precipitation is less than 330 mm, a winter wheat-fallow system is used. Summer fallow is practiced on approximately 60% of the dry-farmed cropland. Frozen soil greatly influences overwinter water storage efficiency and contributes to runoff and erosion. Most erosion occurs on fall-seeded wheat fields. To meet soil and water conservation requirements, various tillage and residue management practices have been developed to account for the diversity and variability in soils and climate across the region. For long-term sustainability, dry-farming practices require both water conservation and residue management that effectively protect the soil. This paper details tillage and residue management practices employed to conserve soil and water and achieve stable crop production in dry-farmed regions of the Pacific Northwest.

433.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Weed control and economic returns with postemergence herbicides in narrow-row soybeans (Glycine max).
Johnson, W. G.; Kendig, J. A.; Massey, R. E.; DeFelice, M. S.; Becker, C. D. Weed technol v.11(3): p.453-459. (1997 July-1997 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; row-spacing; weed-control; xanthium-strumarium; chenopodium-album; pharbitis-hederacea; ambrosia-artemisiifolia; setaria-faberi; digitaria-sanguinalis; chemical-control; acifluorfen; bentazone; chlorimuron; clethodim; fenoxaprop; fluazifop-p; imazethapyr; metolachlor; quizalofop; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; economic-analysis; returns; missouri

434.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Weed control by spring cover crops and imazethapyr in no- till southern pea (Vigna unguiculata).
Burgos, N. R.; Talbert, R. E. Weed technol v.10(4): p.893-899. (1996 Oct.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vigna-unguiculata; no-tillage; cultural- weed-control; cover-crops; sorghum-sudanense; lolium-multiflorum; avena-sativa; chemical-control; imazethapyr; sethoxydim; efficacy; application-rates; eleusine-indica; digitaria- sanguinalis; amaranthus-palmeri; cyperus-iria; eriochloa- gracilis; allelopathy; crop-yield; low-input-agriculture; arkansas

435.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Weed control using reduced rates of postemergence herbicides in narrow and wide row soybean.
Mickelson, J. A.; Renner, K. A. J prod agric v.10(3): p.431-437. (1997 July-1997 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; weed-control; chemical- control; herbicide-mixtures; timing; application-rates; efficacy; row-spacing; herbicide-resistance; injuries; crop-yield; low- input-agriculture; michigan; herbicide-injury
Abstract: Field studies were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to examine the effects of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] row spacing and application rate and timing of four postemergence herbicide tank mixtures on weed control and soybean yield. Weed control and soybean yield were greater in narrow rows (7.5 in.) than wide rows (30 in.). Herbicide tank mixtures applied at 25% of the full recommended rate at an early postemergence timing followed by a second 25% application at a standard postemergence timing (1/4x E Post + 1/4x Post) resulted in weed control and soybean yield equal to that of herbicide tank mixtures applied at the full recommended rate at a standard postemergence timing (1x Post). Three of four tank mixtures in 1994 and two of four in 1995, applied at 50% of the full rate applied at a standard postemergence timing (1/2x Post) resulted in weed control and soybean yield equal to that of lx Post applications. All tank mixtures applied at 50% of the full rate at an early postemergence timing (1/2x E Post) resulted in poor weed control and low soybean yield. In most cases it was more profitable to plant soybean in narrow rows than wide rows regardless of application rate or timing, based on economic gross margin calculations. Gross margins of tank mixtures applied at 1/4x E Post + 1/4x Post were similar to or greater than the gross margin of the same tank mixture applied at the full rate in 13 of 16 cases. Gross margins of tank mixtures applied at 1/2x Post were similar to or greater than the gross margin of the same tank mixture applied at the full rate in eight of 16 cases.

436.
NAL Call No.: 79.8-W41
Weed control with reduced rates of four soil applied soybean herbicides.
Muyonga, K. C.; DeFelice, M. S.; Sims, B. D. Weed sci v.44(1): p.148-155. (1996 Jan.-1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; weed-control; xanthium- strumarium; abutilon-theophrasti; pharbitis-hederacea; chemical- control; application-rates; low-input-agriculture; tillage; integrated-control; cultural-weed-control; chlorimuron; clomazone; imazaquin; imazethapyr; metribuzin; trifluralin; crop- yield; missouri
Abstract: Field studies were conducted at two locations in Missouri in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate control of velvetleaf, ivyleaf morningglory, and cocklebur in soybean with label rates (1x) or reduced rates (0.5x) of four PPI herbicides followed with or without cultivation and POST application of one fourth (0.25x) the label rate of imazethapyr. Weed control and soybean yield with the 0.5x rate of preplant clomazone, imazaquin, metribuzin, and metribuzin + chlorimuron followed by either cultivation or imazethapyr POST was equivalent to a 1x rate of the PPI herbicides followed by either cultivation or imazethapyr. Weed control and soybean yield with the 0.5x rates of the PPI herbicides without cultivation or POST imazethapyr were lower than with 1x rates of PPI herbicides.

437.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Weed management with reduced herbicide use and reduced tillage.
Doll, J.; Doersch, R.; Proost, R.; Mulder, T. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 7- 16.
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; weed-control; integrated- control; no-tillage; conservation-tillage; seedbed-preparation; herbicides; usage; application-rates; efficacy; economic- analysis; crop-yield; production-costs; returns; low-input- agriculture; alternative-farming; sustainability; Wisconsin; preemergence-application

438.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Weed mapping as a component of integrated pest management in cranberry production.
Else, M. J.; Sandler, H. A.; Schluter, S. HortTechnology v.5(4): p.302-305. (1995 Oct.-1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vaccinium-macrocarpon; rubus-caesius; cuscuta-gronovii; weeds; mapping; integrated-pest-management; weed-control; spatial-distribution; fields; low-input- agriculture; geographical-information-systems; massachusetts

439.
NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68
Welcome to reality: an overview of a low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA) project in small fruit.
Goulart, B. L. HortTechnology v.6(4): p.354-359. (1996 Oct.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: small-fruits; fragaria; rubus; low-input- agriculture; farm-inputs; crop-production; sustainability; integrated-pest-management; research-projects; agricultural- research; extension-education; sustainable-agriculture-research- and-education

440.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.O74
What is organic.
Poncavage, J.; Long, C. Org gard. Emmaus, PA : Rodale Press, c1988-. Jan 1998. v. 45 (1) 422 p.
Descriptors: organic-foods; organic-farming; terminology; regulation; standard-labeling; usda

441.
NAL Call No.: SB610.W39
Wild oat (Avena fatua) control in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) with reduced rates of postemergence herbicides.
Spandl, E.; Durgan, B. R.; Miller, D. W. Weed technol v.11(3): p.591-597. (1997 July-1997 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; hordeum-vulgare; weed- control; avena-fatua; chemical-control; diclofop; difenzoquat; fenoxaprop; imazamethabenz; mcpa; sulfonylurea-herbicides; tribenuron; 2,4-d; low-input-agriculture; application-rates; application-date; timing; herbicide-mixtures; crop-yield; returns; economic-analysis; minnesota; thifensulfuron

442.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ou8
Wildlife and farming: towards a reconciliation.
Smith, R. T.; Atherden, M. A.; Eyre, S. R. Outlook-agric. Oxon : C.A.B. International. 1996. v. 25 (1) p. 11-17.
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic-farming; wildlife; environmental- protection; environmental-policy; international-cooperation; ecology; organic-foods; market-segmentation

443.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Winter cover crops for sustainable agricultural systems: influence on soil properties, water quality, and crop yields.
Sainju, U. M.; Singh, B. P. HortScience v.32(1): p.21- 28. (1997 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cropping-systems; sustainability; cover- crops; legumes; nitrogen-fixation; nitrogen; nutrient-uptake; plant-composition; nitrogen-content; nutrient-sources; crop- yield; residual-effects; soil-organic-matter; mineralization; soil-physical-properties; nitrate; leaching; groundwater- pollution; water-quality; non-legume-cover-crops; legume-cover- crops; succeeding-crops

444.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
The Wisconsin integrated cropping systems trial: combining agroecology with production agronomy.
Posner, J. L.; Casler, M. D.; Baldock, J. O. Am J altern agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Summer 1995. v. 10 (3) p. 98-107.
Includes references.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; cropping-systems; integrated-systems; sustainability; farming-systems; research; experimental-design; statistical-analysis; land-productivity; profitability; environmental-impact; long-term-experiments; indexes; Wisconsin; agroecological-index
Abstract: Two large-scale (25 ha) trials were initiated in 1989 in Wisconsin to compare six alternative production systems regarding productivity, profitability, and environmental impact. The project was designed and is managed by a coalition of farmers, extension agents and research personnel. Deliberations between production-oriented and ecologically oriented team members resulted in of factorial design, with two enterprise types (cash grain and forage-livestock) and three levels of biological complexity. Statistical methods have been used to identify the most efficient plot size, plot shape, and block shape, and the optimal procedures for sampling soil characteristics. A uniformity year was allowed before initiation of the trial and the start was staggered. We defined treatments as production strategies rather than a specific set of inputs, which led to a more flexible plot management program.

445.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
Wisconsin Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Grant Program.
Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 48-49.
Descriptors: weed-control; integrated-control; mechanical-methods; chemical-control; herbicides; band-placement; efficacy; no-tillage; zea-mays; crop-production; sustainability; Wisconsin

446.
NAL Call No.: S451.W6P76-1990
The Wisconsin Sustainable Agriculture Program update.
Cates, R. L. Jr.; Rineer, K. C. Proceedings Progress in Wisconsin sustainable agriculture March 1990. [Wisconsin?] : University of Wisconsin, [1990?]. p. 1-6.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; sustainability; low- input-agriculture; programs; research-projects; research-support; grants; Wisconsin

447.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Women and sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria.
Chikwendu, D. O.; Arokoyo, J. O. J sustain agric v.11(1): p.53-69. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: family-farms; rural-women; roles; division-of-labor; wage-rates; farm-management; decision-making; land-ownership; farming-systems; sustainability; agricultural- development; rural-development; nigeria

448.
NAL Call No.: SB319.3.T73S82
Yield and cost impacts of reduced pesticide use on onion production.
Hall, C.; Longbrake, T.; Knutson, R.; Cotner, S.; Smith, E. Subtrop-plant-sci. [Weslaco, Texas] : Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Society. 1994. v. 46 p. 22-28.
Includes references.
Descriptors: allium-cepa; low-input-agriculture; application-rates; insecticides; fungicides; herbicides; farm- inputs; crop-yield; production-costs; geographical-variation; economic-analysis; productivity; profitability; texas; california; idaho

449.
NAL Call No.: SB13.E97
Yield and related traits of einkorn (T. monococcum ssp. monococcum) in different environments.
Castagna, R.; Borghi, B.; Di Fonzo, N.; Heun, M.; Salamini, F. Eur J agron v.4(3): p.371-378. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-monococcum; lines; sowing-rates; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; genotype-environment- interaction; crop-yield; grain; plant-height; heading-date; yield-components; genetic-variation; low-input-agriculture; germany; italy

450.
NAL Call No.: SB320.J68
Yield, vitamin and mineral content of four vegetables grown with either composted manure or conventional fertilizer.
Warman, P. R.; Havard, K. A. J veg crop prod v.2(1): p.13-25. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; daucus- carota; solanum-tuberosum; zea-mays; vegetable-growing; crop- management; organic-farming; organic-fertilizers; composts; animal-manures; npk-fertilizers; soil-amendments; crop-yield; crop-quality; plant-composition; leaves; nutrient-content; vitamin-content; mineral-content; sweetcorn; potatoes; carrots; cabbages; nova-scotia; zea-mays-var; -saccharata; marketable- yield

451.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Yield, vitamin and mineral contents of organically and conventionally grown carrots and cabbage.
Warman, P. R.; Harvard, K. A. Agric ecosyst environ v.61(2/3): p.155-162. (1997 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; daucus- carota; organic-farming; farming; comparisons; plant-composition; mineral-content; vitamins; crop-yield; soil-fertility; nutrient- availability; nova-scotia; organic-versus-conventional- farming

Author Index

Abdul Aziz bin S. A. Kadir. 146
Abdulai, A. 348
Action for World Development (Organization). Agriculture and Food Group. Action for World Development (Organization). Philippine Desk. 345
Aggarwal, R.K. 206
Agriculture Research Project (Sri Lanka). Sri Lanka. Krsikarma Departamentuva. University of Peradeniya. Faculty of Agriculture. SLAAS Symposium on Rainfed Agriculture (1992 : Colombo, Sri Lanka). 319
Ahmad, R. 419
Ahmed, Saleem. 303
Aiyelaagbe, I.O.O. 309
Alders, Carine. 238
Aldy, J. 204
Alegre, J. 132
Alemayehu, F. 156
Allen, J.C. 315, 423
Allison, J. 66
Allison, J.R. 329
Altieri, Miguel A. 377
American Agricultural Economics Association. Conference (1994 : San Diego, Calif.). 386
Amien, I. 15
Amponsah, W.A. 27
Armitage, A.M. 288
Arokoyo, J.O. 447
Asociacion para el Avance de las Ciencias Sociales en Guatemala. PACCA (Organization). 187
Atherden, M.A. 442
Atkinson, D. 91
Aussenac, T. 184
Australian Bureau of Statistics. 35
Avery, D.T. 164
Baalbaki, R. 242
Baars, T. 258
Bahner, Titus, 1960 12
Baldock, J.O. 444
Barbier, E.B. 245
Barham, E. 365
Barraclough, S.L. 269
Bartolucci, R. 57
Bathgate, A. 229
Bauer, P.J. 368
Bausch, W.C. 334
Bay, T. 24
Becker, C.D. 433
Becker, K. 293
Beckett, J.L. 351
Beismann, M. 234
Bellinder, R.R. 43, 324
Benbrook, Charles M. 190
Bennett, M.A. 60
Benson, G.A. 331
Berg, P. 84
Bernhardt, K.J. 423
Bertrand, J.A. 152
Beverly, R.B. 329
Bird, G.W. 393, 396
Birrell, S.J. 153
Blair, J.M. 390
Blake, K.V. 252
Blank, S.C. 150
Boddey, R.M. 26
Boehncke, E. 276
Boinchan, B. 253
Bonnen, J.T. 179
Boone, N. 283
Borgelt, S.C. 153
Borghi, B. 449
Borin, M. 137
Botswana. Southern African Centre for Co operation in Agricultural Research. Southern African Development Coordination Conference. 240
Bouma, J. 38
Bouw, W.J. 133
Bower, C.C. 427
Bowler, I. 99, 354
Boyce, James K. 282
Boyle, J. 83
Braman, S.K. 329
Brandt, Andreas. 418
Bredahl, Maury E. 14
Breman, H. 210
Breth, Steven A. 218
Brinen, G.H. 280
Brouwer, D. W. 122
Brouwer, G. 302
Brown, C.G. 189
Browne, W.P. 179
Brumfield, R.G. 402
Buckerfield, J.C. 108
Buerkert, A. 293
Bugg, R.L. 57
Bullard, M.J. 308
Bullock, D.G. 159
Bulson, H.A.J. 18, 141
Bunders, Joske F. G. 284
Burgos, N.R. 434
Burgoyne, D. 68
Burt, E.C. 225
Butler, L.M. 227
Buzby, J.C. 77
Caballero, A. 265
Caballero, R. 265
Cabrera, F. 412
Cadenas Marin, Alfredo. 13
Cahill, M.J. 407
Calkins, J.B. 58
Callaway, S. 395
Camp, C.R. 368
Campbell, David. 52
Campbell, H. 274
Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy. 149
Carberry, P.S. 359
Cardamone, E.A. 252
Cardina, J. 60
CARE (Firm). World Resources Institute. 264
Carkner, R. 227
Carlson, G.R. 325
Carruthers, D.V. 16
Casler, M.D. 444
Cassman, K.G. 259
Castagna, R. 449
Castejon Munoz, M. 199
Caswell, E. 82
Cates, R.L. Jr. 446
Catholic Institute for International Relations. UK Food Group. S.A.F.E. Alliance. 403
Cavero, J. 129
Cawley, M. 6
Ceccarelli, S. 156
Center for Rural Affairs (Walthill, Neb.). 143
Centro para la Promocion, Investigacion y Desarrollo Rural y Social (Nicaragua). 278
Chahine, R.A. 242
Chaney, David. 1, 52
Chapman, A.L. 62
Charles, G.W. 192
Charpentier, F. 132
Cherney, J.H. 270
Chicken, C.J. 407
Chikwendu, D.O. 447
Chou, C.H. 20
Choudhary, M. 90
Clark, E.A. ed. 79
Clark, G. 99, 354
Clarke, Ross J. (Ross James), 1957 343
Clayton, G.W. 217
Clegg, B.S. 414
Clements, D.R. 322
Cochran, J. 66, 82
Cogle, A.L. 62
Cole, D. 200
Colfer, C.J.P. 349
Combs, Gerald F. 175
Comis, D. 194
Congreso Nacional de Agricultura Organica (1st : 1994 : Montevideo, Uruguay). CEADU Agricultura Organica. FESUR (Organization). 271
Constance, D. 158
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. 45
Cook, R.J. 391
Cook, S.K. 67
Cooper, J.E. 407, 408
Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture, and Development. 175
Cotner, S. 448
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. 383
Cox, W.J. 101
Crawford, T.J. 308
Creamer, N.G. 60
Crockett, A. 99, 354
Cuadra F., Martha. 278
Cuchman, Anibal. 271
Curtis, Allan, 1953 232
Curwen, D. 94
D'Souza, G. 361
Dakora, F.D. 78
Dalal, R.C. 407, 408
Dalgliesh, N.P. 62, 359
Daly, M.J. 134
Damianos, D. 160
Danielsson, D.A. 145
Dann, M.S. 154
Dann, P.R. 340
Darwent, A.L. 200, 217
Davoren, C.W. 108
De Young, R. 163
Debaeke, P. 184
Debertin, D.L. 48
Decker, A.M. 253
DeFelice, M.S. 433, 436
Derrick, J.W. 340
Devino, G. 151
Dhliwayo, H. 243
Di Fonzo, N. 449
Dick, R.P. 227
Dickinson, J. 54
Diebel, P.L. 64, 112
Diez, J.A. 265
Dimes, J.P. 359
Dinham, Barbara. 188
Diverso, Gustavo. 271
Dobbs, T.L. 307, 332
Dobereiner, J. 26
Doersch, R. 437
Doll, H. 4
Doll, J. 437
Donaldson, G.V. 337
Doughton, J.A. 408
Drabble, J.C. 217
Droogers, P. 38
Drost, D. 424
Drouilhet, Susan. 166
Duke, H.R. 334
Dumaresq, D.C. 340
Dunn, E.G. 211
Duram, L.A. 186
Durant, J.A. 100
Durgan, B.R. 441
Dusek, T.F. 292
Dwivedi, S. 130
Eberlein, C. 103
Edwards, C.A. 349
Edwards, J.H. 225
El Swaify, S.A. 230
El Zik, K.M. 292
Else, M.J. 438
Enevoldsen, C. 285
Engle, C.A. 56
Ennis, J. 110
Erickson, D. 163
Escalada, M.M. 287
European Congress for Rural Sociology (16th : 1993 : Wageningen, Netherlands). 11
Eversull, E.E. 170
Eyre, S.R. 442
Fabre, J.L. 184
Fager, K. 154
FAO/Winrock International Workshop on Integration of SARD Issues in Agricultural Policy (1995 : Rome, Italy). Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development. 218
Fargione, M. 56
Farmer, D.P. 337
Farnsworth, R.L. 159
Fawcett, R.S. 326
Feazel, J.I. 185
Feenstra, Gail. 52
Fenyves, E.J. 330
Ferguson, J.J. 51
Ferris, H. 352
Feuz, D.M. 63
Finan, Timothy J. 430
Fjell, D.L. 85
Fleischer, S.J. 154
Florkowski, W. 329
Fluckiger, Stefan. 226
Follett, R.F. 172
Fontes, Joao Marques. 313
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 115
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Policy Analysis Division. Training Service. 372
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992 : Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). 263
Forsberg, C.W. 410
Fortnum, B. 421
Fossi, F. 233
Foster, Kelleann. 231
Fox, R.T.V. 299
Francis, C. 202
Francis, C.A. 95
Frankow Lindberg, B.E. 145
Franti, T.G. 326
Freemark, K. 126
Friedman, D.B. 129
Fussell, M. 131
Gaines, L.J. 227
Galper, L. 55
Garcia Torres, L. 199
Gargiulo, N.T. 55
Garrett, James L. 46
Gaynor, J.D. 136
Gebre, H. 156
Geissal, D. 275
Gelder, T. van. 258
Gent, M.P.N. 42
George, R. 229
Gerpacio, R.V. 239
Gersper, P.L. 33
Gill, R.S. 44
Gillespie, A.R. 409
Gillespie, G.W. Jr. 92
Gillmor, D.A. 6
Giraud, G. 247
Giupponi, C. 137
Gliessman, S.R. 66, 82
Glynn, C.J. 104
Goetz, R.U. 105
Goh, K.M. 69
Gold, M.V. 279
Goldberg, E.D. 208
Goodman, W.R. 420
Gordon, W.B. 85
Gosselin, A. 193
Gotsch, N. 32
Goulart, B.L. 439
Gould, N.S. 62
Graap, E. 148
Granatstein, D.M. 49
Grando, S. 156
Green, J.T. 331
Green, M.R. 67
Gregson, Bob. 321
Gregson, Bonnie. 321
Grenoble, D.W. 154
Griffin, J.L. 61
Groh, Trauger. 167
Grove, T.L. 349
Grzebisz, W. 302
Guan, M. 63
Gubler, W.D. 55
Gupta, J.P. 237
Gupta, M.M. 130
Gutezeit, B. 128
Haderlein, L. 90
Hakeem, S.A. 367
Halberg, N. 155
Hales, K. 424
Hall, C. 448
Hall, S.D. 252
Halvorson, A.D. 172
Hamadeh, S. 242
Hamburg (Germany). Umweltbehorde. 418
Hamdar, B.C. 242
Hamill, A.S. 191, 314, 327
Hammel, J.E. 432
Hammer, Janet. 231
Hand, D.J. 131
Hannay, J.N. 108
Hansen, S. 139
Hanson, J.C. 34
Harman, W.L. 124
Harper, J.K. 154
Harris, G.R. 252
Harris, J.D. 205
Harrison, J.D. 153
Harvard, K.A. 451
Harvey, R.G. 31, 358
Harwood, R.R. 259, 349
Hasey, J.K. 281
Hassanein, N. 261
Hausler, P. 50
Havard, K.A. 450
Haver, D.L. 304
Haverkort, Bertus. 238
Hayes, M. H. B. (Michael Hilary Bermingham), 1930 197
Haynes, R.J. 144
Hazell, P. 348
Heady, Earl Orel, 1916 30
Helmers, G.A. 423
Helmfrid, Gudrun. 119
Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 219
Heong, K.L. 287
Herrmann, H.J. 276
Herzog, F. 32
Heun, M. 449
Hewitt, Tracy Irwin. 219
Higginbotham, S. 311
Hilaire, A. 184
Hill, P. 67
Hill, R.L. 253
Hill, S.B. 72
Hinchcliffe, F. 388
Hitt, A. 289
Holderbaum, J.F. 253
Hollander, G. 404
Hondraki Birbili, C. 216
Honeyman, M.S. 429
Hook, Rosemary A. 298
Hopkins, A. 177
Houlton, H.A.R. 325
Hoyt, G.D. 290
Hristova, V.J. 73
Hrubovcak, J. 204
Hucl, P. 182
Hue, N.V. 138
Huel, D.G. 182
Hulse, Joseph H. 355
Hume, D.J. 322
Hunt, P.G. 368
Hunter, D.J. 138
Hussain, T. 419
Hutcheon, J.A. 337
Ibijbijen, J. 135
Igbokwe, P.E. 255, 286
Ikerd, J. 151, 361
Ikerd, J.E. 183, 260
Ikpi, A. E. 380
Ilbery, B. 99, 354
Ingham, E.L. 369
Ingham, E.R. 80
Institut pour la recherche et l'application en agriculture biologique (France). 336
Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (Argentina). Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Argentina). Seminario Internacional "Desarrollo Agropecuario Sustentable" (2nd : 1994). 373
Inter American Agricultural Documentation, Information, and Communication Center. 76
Inter American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. Agencia de Cooperacion Tecnica en Bolivia. Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales. 8
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. 198
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. 222
International Centre for Research in Agroforestry. Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (Burkina Faso). 17
International Conference "Cotton Connection for Ecologically, Socially and Economically Sustainable Cotton Production" (1994 : Hamburg, Germany). Pesticide Action Network (Group). AK Cotton. PAN International (Organization). Pesticides Trust. 86
International Conference of Agricultural Scientists from the Nordic and Baltic Countries (3rd : 1996 : Jelgava, Latvia). Nordic Joint Committee for Agricultural Research. 350
International Food Policy Research Institute. 3, 169, 174, 370
International IFOAM Conference on Organic Textiles (2nd : 1996 : Bingen, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany). International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. 356
International Institute for Development Studies (Calcutta, India). 147
International Symposium: "Advances in Soil Quality for Land Management: Science, Practice, and Policy" (1996 : University of Ballarat). University of Ballarat. Centre for Environmental Management. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporat 366
Iowa State University. University Extension. Iowa State University. Extension Communications Systems. 364
Ireland. Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry. 416
Ismaili, M. 135
Izaurralde, R.C. 90
Jackson, L.E. 89
Jacobsen, J.S. 325
Jaenicke, Edward C. 257
Janke, R.R. 347
Jansen, Anton J. 11
Jasbir Singh, 1932 9
Jennings, G.D. 331
Jilani, G. 419
Johnson, A.R. 330
Johnson, J. 295
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Johnson, R.S. 281
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Johnston, A.E. 296, 426
Joice, R. 311
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Keatinge, J.D.H. 214
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Keller, K. 21
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Kendig, J.A. 433
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Posner, J.L. 444
Poulton, P.L. 359
Power, A. 92
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President's Council on Sustainable Development. 397
Pretty, J.N. 388
Price, T.P. 50
Probert, M.E. 359
Program on Environment (East West Center). 303
"Projekttrager Agrarforschung" im Bundesamt fur Ernahrung und Forstwirtschaft (Germany). 305
Proost, J. 213
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Rabaey, T.L. 31, 358
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Ragland, J. 36
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Rand Corporation. 399
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Sainju, U.M. 443
Salamini, F. 449
Salamon, S. 159
Sances, F.V. 80, 369
Sanchez, P.A. 224
Sandler, H.A. 438
SARE Apple Production Project. 267
Sarrantonio, M. 57
Saskatchewan. Agri Food Innovation Fund. 7
Sato Noriko. 273
Sato, Yukio. 273
Scala, F. 381
Schaefer, K. 292
Schanzenbacher, Bernd, 1964 96
Schauer, A. 34
Schimmel, J.G. 121
Schluter, S. 438
Schmelzer, G.H. 293
Schmidtknecht, B. 320
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Schnug, E. 316
Schroeder, J.S. 346
Schuch, U.K. 304
Schweikhardt, D.B. 179
Schweizer, E.E. 70
Scow, K. 352
Sellen, D. 59
Semeane, Y. 156
Sen, Raj Kumar, 1945 147
Senft, D. 194
Serpa Duran, Julia Elena. 251
Sharma, S.K. 206
Shaw, A. 99, 354
Shaw, D.R. 61
Sheaffer, C.C. 220
Sheardown, T. 44
Sheldrick, R.D. 177
Shennan, C. 129
Shukla, A.N. 417
Sikora, E.J. 420
Simmons, S.R. 220
Simpson, D.M. 341
Sims, B.D. 436
Singh, B.P. 443
Singh, K.C. 237
Singh, S. 71
Skees, J.R. 77
Skuras, D. 160
Sligh, Michael. 415
Smith, E. 448
Smith, E.S.C. 50
Smith, Katie, 1960 219
Smith, L.L. 65
Smith, Miranda, 1944 256
Smith, R.T. 442
Smolik, J.D. 307, 332
Snaydon, R.W. 141
Solberg, B. 29
Solie, J.B. 422
South Dakota State University. Economics Dept. 168
Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group. 166
Spandl, E. 441
Stark, J.C. 102
Steffen, K.L. 154
Stein Bachinger, K. 127
Stenberg, B. 140
Stinner, B.R. 60
Stodick, L.D. 121
Stoller, E.W. 341
Stone, M.L. 422
Stonehouse, D.P. 44, 209
Stopes, C. 107
Stopes, C.E. 18, 141
Stougaard, R.N. 205
Strickland, P. L. 87
Strong, W.M. 407, 408
Sudduth, K.A. 153
Sullivan, S. 163
Sustainable Agriculture Network. 157
Suyama, H. 330
Swanson, B.T. 58
Swanton, C.J. 44, 322, 327
Sweeten, J.M. 124
Swezey, S.L. 81, 82
Swinton, S.M. 117
Swisher, M.E. 51
Symes, David. 11
Talbert, R.E. 434
Talhouk, S.N. 242
Tanner, Douglas G. 97
Tarafdar, J.C. 206
Taylor, D.C. 63
Taylor, Donald C. 168
Taylor, M.J. 118
Taylor, S.L. 422
Teasdale, J.R. 207
Thaxton, P.M. 292
Theunissen, J. 221
Thiagalingam, K. 62
Thomas, P.A. 329
Thomas, V.G. 400
Thompson, J. 388
Thompson, Paul B., 1951 248
Thrupp, Lori Ann. 264
Thuries, L. 184
Tierney, D.P. 326
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture. 376
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Weston, E.J. 407, 408
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Wilken, Gene C. 392
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Wilson, W. S. 197
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York, A.C. 88
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Zhang, J. 191, 314, 327
Zilberman, D. 123
Zimet, D. 47

Subject Index

1,3-dichloropropene 80
2,4-d 70, 441
abiotic-injuries 43, 199, 341
abutilon-theophrasti 436
accuracy 153
acer-rubrum 58
acetochlor 358
acid-soils 138
acifluorfen 433
acreage 51, 111
actinidia-deliciosa 281
activism 365
adaptation 367
adjuvants 133
adolescents 330
adults 330
adverse-effects 330
aerated-cattle-manure 139
aesthetic-value 277
africa 236
Africa-Economic-policy 115
africa-south-of-sahara 78, 348
age 276
Agricultural-biotechnology-Developing-countries 284
Agricultural-biotechnology-Economic-aspects-Saskatchewan 7
agricultural-chemicals 126, 387, 390
Agricultural-chemicals-Environmental-aspects-United-States 190, 256
Agricultural-conservation-Africa,-Southern-Handbooks,-manuals,- etc 306
Agricultural-conservation-Study-and-teaching-Higher-New-South- Wales 122
Agricultural-conservation-United-States 364
Agricultural-conservation-Zimbabwe 74
agricultural-crises 93
agricultural-development 15, 123, 210, 339, 348, 374, 375, 388, 447
Agricultural-development-projects 372
Agricultural-ecology-Economic-aspects 251
Agricultural-ecology-Germany-Hamburg 418
Agricultural-ecology-Germany-Kraichgau 96
Agricultural-ecology-Philippines 345
Agricultural-ecology-United-States 256
Agricultural-education-Baltic-States-Congresses 350
Agricultural-education-Scandinavia-Congresses 350
agricultural-households 160
Agricultural-information-networks 238
Agricultural-innovations 264
Agricultural-innovations-Developing-countries 284
Agricultural-innovations-Philippines 345
agricultural-land 36, 163, 225, 233, 234, 326
Agricultural-laws-and-legislation-United-States-Congresses 383
Agricultural-pests-Control 411
Agricultural-pests-Control-Economic-aspects 411
Agricultural-pests-Control-Environmental-aspects 411
agricultural-policy 49, 171, 179, 183, 216, 239, 294, 328, 348, 375, 400
Agricultural-pollution-Economic-aspects-Germany-Kraichgau 96
Agricultural-pollution-Environmental-aspects-Germany-Kraichgau 96
agricultural-production 19, 41, 105, 123, 230, 253, 269, 339, 381
Agricultural-productivity 264
Agricultural-productivity-Africa,-Southern 240
Agricultural-productivity-Congresses 10
agricultural-research 123, 194, 202, 208, 227, 328, 339, 387, 393, 396, 439
Agricultural-resources-Management 392
Agricultural-resources-Sahel-Management 17
Agricultural-resources-South-Asia-Management 9
agricultural-sector 339
agricultural-situation 216, 253
agricultural-soils 37, 38, 334
agricultural-structure 253
Agricultural-systems 175, 335
agriculture 348, 390
Agriculture-and-state 223, 372, 385
Agriculture-and-state-Africa 115
Agriculture-and-state-Africa,-Southern 240
Agriculture-and-state-Cape-Verde 430
Agriculture-and-state-Chile-Case-studies 377
Agriculture-and-state-Developing-countries 370
Agriculture-and-state-Developing-countries-Congresses 218
Agriculture-and-state-Europe-Congresses 11
Agriculture-and-state-European-Union-countries 201, 403
Agriculture-and-state-Mexico 223
Agriculture-and-state-Nigeria-Congresses 380
Agriculture-and-state-United-States 30, 116
Agriculture-and-state-United-States-Congresses 344, 383
Agriculture-Cape-Verde 430
Agriculture-Congresses 373
Agriculture,-Cooperative 5
Agriculture,-Cooperative-California-Congresses 52
Agriculture,-Cooperative-Case-studies 264
Agriculture,-Cooperative-Northeastern-States 2
Agriculture,-Cooperative-United-States 167, 249
Agriculture-Developing-countries 370
Agriculture-Economic-aspects 12, 223, 372
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Australia-Statistics 35
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Congresses 373
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Developing-countries 370
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Germany-Hamburg 418
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Germany-Kraichgau 96
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Guatemala 187
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Mexico 223
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Southern-Cone-of-South-America- Congresses 373
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Sri-Lanka-North-Central-Province- Congresses 319
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-Switzerland-Surselva 226
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States 256
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States-Bibliography 22
Agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States-Congresses 344, 383
Agriculture-Effect-of-natural-disasters-on-Switzerland-Surselva 226
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects 174, 223, 372
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Australia-Statistics 35
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Cape-Verde 430
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Developing-countries 370
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Europe-Congresses 11
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Germany-Hamburg 418
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Government-policy-United- States-Congresses 383
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Japan 301
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-Mexico 223, 360
Agriculture-Environmental-aspects-South-Asia 9
agriculture-in-concert-with-the-environment 423
Agriculture-International-cooperation-Periodicals 45
Agriculture-Research-Baltic-States-Congresses 350
Agriculture-Research-Nigeria-Congresses 380
Agriculture-Research-Scandinavia-Congresses 350
Agriculture-Southern-Cone-of-South-America-Congresses 373
Agriculture-Southern-States 166
Agriculture-Technology-transfer-Developing-countries 198
Agriculture-Tropics 238
agro-ecological-conditions 210
agro-economic-performance 250
agroecological-index 444
agroecosystems 210
agroforestry 26, 228, 409
Agroforestry-Sahel 17
agroforestry-systems 78
agronomic-characteristics 292, 428
agronomic-efficiency 412
agrosilvopastoral-systems 19
agrostis-capillaris 177
alabama 114, 310, 405, 420
alachlor 358
alberta 90, 200, 217
alfalfa 112
allelopathy 20, 58, 88, 434
alley-cropping 409
allium-cepa 59, 448
alternaria-brassicae 290
alternaria-solani 154
Alternative-agriculture 5, 251, 335, 385
Alternative-agriculture-Bibliography 25
Alternative-agriculture-California-Congresses 52
Alternative-agriculture-Congresses 97
Alternative-agriculture-Developing-countries 284
Alternative-agriculture-Economic-aspects 143, 251
Alternative-agriculture-Economic-aspects-Periodicals 203
Alternative-agriculture-Economic-aspects-Zambia 53
Alternative-agriculture-Northeastern-States 2
Alternative-agriculture-United-States 167
alternative-crops 24
alternative-energy-resources-organization 161
alternative-farming 4, 16, 21, 24, 26, 28, 34, 38, 44, 48, 49, 50, 58, 64, 72, 73, 80, 91, 93, 102, 104, 108, 110, 112, 117, 121, 135, 144, 151, 153, 159, 164, 171, 180, 183, 194, 202, 209, 211, 234, 237, 247, 261, 265, 266, 296, 309, 337, 359, 365, 389, 396, 419, 429, 437, 444, 446
alternative-versus-conventional-cropping-systems 64, 117
alternative-versus-conventional-farming 38
alternative-versus-conventional-farming-systems 151
aluminum 132, 340
amaranthus-hybridus 88, 341
amaranthus-palmeri 434
amaranthus-retroflexus 43, 88
ambrosia-artemisiifolia 433
amide-herbicides 358
ammonia 421
ammonium 140
ammonium-nitrate 425
ammonium-nitrogen 129
ammonium-sulfate 314
analytical-quality 316
ancillary-enterprises 99, 160
anhydrous-ammonia 413
animal-behavior 429
animal-feeding 331
animal-health 152, 276, 331
animal-manures 297, 450
animal-nutrition 293
animal-production 50, 214, 351
animal-welfare 429
anoda-cristata 120
anthonomus-grandis 118
aporrectodea-rosea 108
Apples-Northeastern-States-Periodicals 267
application 425
application-date 43, 70, 120, 127, 133, 154, 184, 191, 195, 199, 205, 225, 244, 297, 314, 324, 358, 441
application-depth 191
application-equipment 196
application-methods 154, 191, 225
application-rates 31, 43, 61, 70, 120, 124, 127, 128, 131, 133, 136, 138, 139, 172, 184, 185, 191, 195, 199, 200, 205, 207, 225, 239, 244, 288, 293, 297, 304, 314, 322, 324, 325, 327, 340, 341, 358, 405, 407, 412, 422, 425, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 441, 448, 449
application-to-land 124, 139, 225, 412
applications 41, 153
appropriate-technology 310, 348
apsim-simulation-model 359
aquifers 265
arable-soils 108, 412
arachis-hypogaea 114, 286
arginine 352
Arid-regions-agriculture-Australia-Directories 298
Arid-regions-agriculture-Economic-aspects-Developing-countries 198
Arid-regions-agriculture-Sahel 17
arid-soils 237
arid-zones 206
aridisols 237
arkansas 434
artemisia-annua 130
artemisinin 130
arthropod-pests 82
arthropods 54
artificial-foods 118
asia 239, 259
assessment 32, 38, 104, 151
atrazine 64, 111, 136, 207, 212, 326, 414
attitudes 227, 402
australia 108, 162, 229, 359
autointoxication 20
autonomic-nervous-system 330
avena-fatua 200, 205, 441
avena-sativa 101, 182, 434
bacillus-thuringiensis 109, 405, 420
band-placement 136, 158, 212, 325, 327, 445
barriers-to-innovation-adoption 162
beans 215
beauveria-bassiana 109
bedding-plants 288
beef-cattle 63, 121, 145, 241, 351
beef-cows 185
beef-production 63, 145, 241
bentazone 120, 433
best-management-practices 94, 270, 326, 329
beta-vulgaris 215
beta-vulgaris-var 215, 302
biodiversity 41
biodynamic-agriculture 37
biodynamic-farming 4, 234, 258
bioethics 93, 400
biological-activity-in-soil 108, 132, 139, 225, 237, 352
biological-control 93, 290, 391, 398
biological-control-agents 118, 154, 398
biological-indicators 108
biological-nitrogen-fixation 26
biology 54
biomass 132, 216, 304
biomass-production 42, 57, 66, 69, 128, 244, 293, 352, 405, 408
biotechnology 41
black-plastic-film 255
blood 330
body-composition 330
body-temperature 330
body-weight 330
botanical-composition 139, 145, 177
botrytis-allii 291
bovine-mastitis 285
brachiaria-platyphylla 88
brassica 28, 57, 101, 184
brassica-campestris 195, 200, 217
brassica-juncea 182
brassica-oleracea 128, 290
brassica-oleracea-var 59, 128, 369, 450, 451
brazil 26
break-even-point 80
broadcasting 212, 325, 327
broccoli 80
bromus-catharticus 134
brush-control 346
bulk-density 38
cabbages 450
cableways 189
cadmium 340, 412
calcareous-soils 308
calcium 132
calcium-chloride 131
calcium-molasses 320
calcium-nitrate 128, 131
calibration 316
california 33, 55, 57, 66, 80, 81, 82, 89, 129, 150, 281, 352, 369, 448
calves 185
canada 193, 400
cannabis-sativa 28
canopy 42, 334
cap 216, 294
Cape-Verde-Rural-conditions 430
capitalist-countries 36
-capitata 59, 450, 451
capsella-bursa-pastoris 200
capsicum-frutescens 255
carbon 132, 134, 140, 352
carbon-nitrogen-ratio 60, 225
carrots 450
case-studies 44, 63, 77, 151, 216,322
cash-advantage 309
cash-crops 44, 101
cation-exchange-capacity 138
catolaccus 118
cattle 50, 214
cattle-breeds 331
cattle-farming 63, 65
cattle-feeding 24, 276, 351
cattle-housing 276
cattle-husbandry 121
cattle-manure 109, 139
cattle-slurry 139
centers-of-diversity 156
central-europe 36
certification 317
chamomilla-recutita 193
characterization 106
chemical-composition 82
chemical-control 4, 31, 43, 61, 70, 75, 80, 90, 103, 120, 133, 180, 192, 195, 199, 200, 205, 207, 209, 212, 217, 290, 324, 341, 358, 398, 433, 434, 435, 436, 441, 445
chemical-vs 369
chenopodium-album 43, 88, 341, 433
chile 384
chlorimuron 433, 436
chlorophyll-meters 334
chloropicrin 55, 80
cicer-arietinum 408
cichorium-intybus 28, 134
citrullus-lanatus 309
citrus 51
citrus-sinensis 150
classification 423
clay-loam-soils 136, 327
clay-soils 314
clethodim 61, 433
climate 367
Climatic-changes-Switzerland-Surselva 226
climatic-factors 38
clomazone 436
clovers 112
clubs 161
cluster-analysis 423
coagulase-negative-staphylococci 285
coastal-plains 368
coffea-arabica 357
Coffee-Costa-Rica 282
Coffee-industry-Costa-Rica 282
Coffee-industry-Environmental-aspects-Costa-Rica 282
cold-storage 288
coleomegilla-maculata 109
colonization 340
colorado 70, 120, 334
commercial-adoption 50
commercial-farming 51, 55, 280
Commercial-policy-Environmental-aspects 14
commodities 179
communal-costs 216
Communication-in-agriculture-Developing-countries 284
communism 36
Community-development-United-States 364
companion-crops 58, 177
comparisons 49, 57, 64, 66, 69, 82, 112, 117, 129, 138, 154, 163, 164, 206, 209, 242, 250, 286, 307, 331, 332, 451
Competition-Congresses 146
competitive-ability 4, 57, 182
complications 330
composts 109, 127, 134, 225, 412, 450
compound-fertilizers 154
computer-simulation 71
computer-software 194
computer-techniques 194
concentration 326, 340, 414
-Congresses-Software 406
connecticut 42
conservation 88, 163
Conservation-of-natural-resources 12, 40, 231
Conservation-of-natural-resources-Economic-aspects 251
Conservation-of-natural-resources-Ireland 416
Conservation-of-natural-resources-United-States 364
conservation-reserve-program 151
conservation-tillage 73, 88, 124, 180, 215, 243, 253, 262, 290, 324, 437
Conservation-tillage-Zimbabwe 74
consortia 208
constraints 230
Consultative-Group-on-International-Agricultural-Research- Periodicals 45
consumer-attitudes 77
consumer-behavior 247
consumer-preferences 75
consumer-prices 75
consumer-protection 328
consumers 328
contaminant-loadings 64
contamination 64
continuous-cropping 90, 315, 407
control-methods 196, 329
controlled-release 304
conventional-agriculture 72
conventional-cropping-systems 49
conventional-farming 4, 54, 66, 144, 159, 160, 332, 340, 352, 389
conventional-farming-systems 129, 209
conventional-farming-versus-alternative-farming 307
conventional-orchard-management 69
conventional-production 60
conventional-tillage 90, 407, 408
conventional-versus-low-input-agriculture 110
conventional-vs 59
conversion 72, 139
cooperative-activities 170
cooperative-extension-service 396
cooperative-marketing 272
copper 412
corn-belt-states-of-usa 389
correlation 108
cost-analysis 242
cost-benefit-analysis 56, 61, 70, 77, 118, 148, 150, 199
costs 49, 64, 73, 114, 196, 310, 331, 420
Cotton-Congresses 86
Cotton-Environmental-aspects-Congresses 86
Cotton-growing-United-States 87
cover-crops 57, 58, 60, 88, 89, 103, 129, 137, 140, 215, 290, 324, 434, 443
covers 432
crambe-abyssinica 28
crop-damage 199, 281, 341, 420
crop-density 4, 130, 207, 286, 309, 325
crop-enterprises 73
crop-establishment 177, 200
crop-growth-stage 43, 191, 195, 199, 205, 334, 422
crop-husbandry 163
Crop-improvement-Australia-Directories 298
crop-management 4, 58, 69, 82, 89, 94, 102, 108, 134, 154, 163, 210, 243, 244, 291, 334, 450
crop-mixtures 112, 135, 309
crop-oil-concentrate 133
crop-production 24, 26, 28, 32, 36, 50, 58, 59, 62, 71, 79, 80, 84, 91, 94, 102, 107, 108, 111, 124, 134, 141, 155, 180, 209, 210, 214, 216, 225, 239, 242, 255, 266, 280, 283, 286, 288, 290, 297, 299, 307, 308, 320, 322, 329, 342, 351, 391, 396, 398, 402, 424, 439, 445
crop-quality 24, 58, 75, 102, 127, 131, 134, 141, 184, 193, 199, 255, 270, 281, 288, 324, 325, 450
crop-residue-management 432
crop-residues 20, 80, 132, 172, 293, 369, 432
Crop-science-Australia-Directories 298
crop-weed-competition 4, 130, 182, 207
crop-yield 4, 20, 31, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 66, 70, 73, 81, 82, 85, 88, 89, 90, 102, 103, 109, 124, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 141, 153, 154, 155, 156, 164, 177, 182, 185, 191, 192, 193, 195, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207, 209, 212, 217, 220, 237, 242, 243, 255, 259, 262, 265, 270, 286, 290, 296, 297, 309, 314, 324, 325, 327, 334, 340, 341, 358, 359, 368, 369, 405, 407, 408, 412, 413, 419, 420, 421, 422, 425, 428, 434, 435, 436, 437, 441, 443, 448, 449, 450, 451
cropping-sequences 90
cropping-systems 15, 49, 60, 64, 66, 78, 101, 110, 111, 112, 117, 170, 210, 215, 236, 443, 444
Cropping-systems-Zimbabwe 74
crops 37, 50, 62
Crops-South-Dakota 168
crude-protein 293
CSA-Farm-Network-Northeastern-States 2
cuba 93, 176
cucurbita 421
culinary-herbs 275
cultivars 55, 193, 220, 244, 308
cultivation 191, 275, 327
cultivators 262
cultural-control 4, 80, 103, 209, 220, 286, 290, 291, 369, 421
-cultural-disease-control 369
cultural-environment 92
cultural-methods 51, 424
cultural-sociology 261
cultural-weed-control 56, 60, 70, 88, 90, 130, 207, 212, 217, 243, 255, 262, 324, 434, 436
cuscuta-gronovii 438
cyamopsis-tetragonoloba 206
cyanazine 133, 326
cycling 79
cynodon-dactylon 185
cyperus-iria 434
cyperus-rotundus 192, 255
dactylis-glomerata 140
dairy-cattle 24, 145, 152
dairy-cows 285, 331
dairy-farming 68, 110, 139, 155, 276, 331
dairy-farms 270, 285
dairy-wastes 425
data-analysis 37, 227, 250, 316
data-collection 48, 250
data-processing 153, 250
databases 208
daucus-carota 43, 450, 451
daucus-carota-var 43
dazomet 80
death 288
Debt-equity-conversion 12
decision-analysis 48
decision-making 44, 48, 99, 158, 160, 179, 194, 291, 316, 384, 427, 447
deep-tillage 90
deerhorn-project 189
deforestation 29, 224
degradation 230
delia-radicum 291
demonstration-farms 54, 101, 337, 409
denmark 155, 272, 285, 291, 297
detection 299, 420
developed-countries 339
developing-countries 210, 214, 245, 259, 338, 339, 375, 387
development-policy 294, 348
developmental-stages 28, 199, 421
diagnostic-techniques 299
diammonium-phosphate 340
dicamba 70
diclofop 205, 441
diet 330, 355
diet-treatment 330
difenzoquat 441
diffusion-of-information 34, 161, 236, 287
digitaria-sanguinalis 433, 434
diluted-cattle-manure 139
dimethenamid 358
Direct-marketing 335
discing 326
discriminant-analysis 99
disease-control 154, 276
disease-course 285
disease-prevalence 55
disease-resistance 391, 398
distribution 272
district-of-columbia 33
diversification 21, 72, 105
diversity 277
division-of-labor 246, 447
domestic-markets 272
double-cropping 184, 405
drainage-water 265
drinking-water 330
drought-resistance 135
dry-farming 85, 180, 432
Dry-farming-Mathematical-models-Directories 298
Dry-farming-Sri-Lanka-North-Central-Province-Congresses 319
dry-matter 177, 288, 293, 308, 405
dry-matter-accumulation 4, 28, 38, 42, 69, 85, 107, 129, 132, 135, 139, 220, 412
duration 288, 330
dwarfing 42
dynamic-economic-models 105
dynamic-models 105
early-sowing 85
earthworms 108, 132, 139
ecological-balance 277
ecological-indicators 32
ecology 442
econometric-models 70, 121
economic-analysis 54, 60, 73, 89, 102, 103, 117, 152, 154, 191, 205, 244, 281, 332, 433, 437, 441, 448
economic-development 16, 216, 417
Economic-development-Environmental-aspects 3, 147
Economic-development-Environmental-aspects-Periodicals 203
economic-evaluation 49, 63, 64, 114, 309, 310
economic-growth 269, 348
economic-impact 41, 111, 148, 151, 162, 202, 221, 239, 423
economic-indicators 32
economic-situation 36
economic-sociology 365
economic-thresholds 124
economic-viability 80, 227, 337, 384, 417, 419
ecosystems 210
ecotypes 308
edaphic-factors 108
educational-programs 33, 34
efficacy 31, 80, 88, 103, 191, 195, 199, 207, 217, 314, 320, 324, 327, 341, 434, 435, 437, 445
efficiency 412
efficiency-substitution-redesign-framework 72
effluents 71, 413, 414
electrical-conductivity 304
eleusine-indica 434
elymus-hispidus 49
elymus-repens 314
emitters 368
endophytes 26
energy-balance 144, 244, 351
energy-conservation 142
energy-consumption 24, 322, 332
energy-cost-of-activities 150
energy-crops 216
england 99, 141, 337
entrepreneurship 123
environment 227
environmental-assessment 216
environmental-cost 216
environmental-degradation 163, 417
environmental-factors 92, 108, 210, 230, 327, 331
environmental-impact 36, 49, 111, 114, 117, 148, 151, 164, 210, 224, 332, 387, 390, 423, 444
environmental-legislation 402
environmental-management 79, 234, 258
Environmental-monitoring-Australia-Statistics 35
environmental-policy 14, 93, 111, 213, 294, 381, 442
Environmental-policy-United-States 399
environmental-protection 63, 72, 123, 142, 162, 163, 164, 253, 316, 329, 339, 381, 387, 388, 402, 417, 442
Environmental-protection-Case-studies 169
Environmental-protection-Economic-aspects 251
environmental-temperature 177
Environmentalism 113
enzyme-activity 237
enzyme-preparations 410
enzyme-production 410
equations 105, 111, 123, 328, 423
eriochloa-gracilis 434
eriochloa-villosa 31, 358
erosion 49, 105, 111, 210, 225, 332, 384
erosion-control 180, 215, 432
esfenvalerate 420
essential-oils 130, 193
estimation 353
ethanol-production 244
ethics 163
ethiopia 156
ethnic-groups 252
etolia-akarnania 160
europe 162, 171, 247
Europe-Rural-conditions-Congresses 11
european-union 294
evaluation 117, 233
evaporation 432
exchangeable-cations 138
exercise 330
experimental-design 250, 444
experimental-plots 154
expert-systems 15
Exports-Guatemala 187
exposure 196
extension 34, 162, 212, 213, 312, 348
extension-education 357, 439
extensive-cropping 32
extensive-farming 68
externalities 367
extraction 390
fabaceae 26
factors-of-production 92
fallow 172
fallow-systems 206, 432
family-farms 99, 159, 246, 447
Family-farms-Economic-aspects-United-States 256
Family-farms-Florida 256
Family-farms-North-Dakota 256
Family-farms-Washington-State 321
family-labor 99
farm-comparisons 68, 99
farm-enterprises 99, 160
farm-families 99, 159, 315
farm-income 111, 216, 315, 384
Farm-income-United-States 87
farm-indebtedness 99
farm-inputs 36, 59, 68, 94, 111, 132, 137, 142, 155, 184, 209, 210, 242, 310, 329, 387, 402, 424, 439, 448
Farm-management 34, 44, 48, 68, 194, 291, 322, 335, 375, 423, 427, 447
farm-planning 374
Farm-produce-Law-and-legislation-Japan 318
Farm-produce-Marketing 5, 143
Farm-produce-United-States-States-Marketing 173
farm-results 59, 60
farm-size 36, 171, 209, 276, 332, 361, 389
farm-structure 389
Farm-supplies-Washington-State-Directories 431
farm-surveys 44, 48, 51
farmers 33, 106, 158, 163
farmers'-associations 261
farmers'-attitudes 34, 92, 106, 162, 163, 221, 242, 246, 258, 287, 289, 291, 389, 424, 427
Farmers-Japan-Biography 273
farming 54, 66, 144, 159, 209, 250, 252, 320, 332, 340, 352, 389, 451
farming-systems 26, 29, 34, 38, 41, 48, 72, 79, 82, 112, 129, 151, 155, 170, 209, 211, 213, 216, 236, 246, 250, 252, 259, 294, 299, 307, 316, 332, 337, 353, 367, 387, 390, 417, 429, 444, 447
farming-systems-research 54, 62, 66, 236, 250, 281, 315, 337, 423, 426
farmland 126, 258
farms 233
Farms,-Small-Developing-countries 284
Farms,-Small-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 321
Farms,-Small-Mexico 360
farmyard-manure 127, 419
feasibility-studies 94, 310
federal-aid 253
federal-government 179
federal-programs 27, 49, 151, 179, 253, 317, 393
feed-additives 410
feed-composition 293
feed-conversion 185
feed-enzyme-preparations 410
feed-grains 293
feed-utilization 410
feeding-habits 247
feedlot-wastes 124
fenoxaprop 433, 441
fenvalerate 420
fertilizer-nitrogen-balance 172
fertilizer-requirement-determination 316
fertilizers 124, 137, 171, 214, 252, 322, 329, 424
festuca-pratensis 177
festuca-rubra 58
fiber-plants 28
fiber-quality 368
fibrolytic-enzymes 410
field-crops 124
field-grown-ornamental-woody-plants 58
field-grown-trees 58
field-operations 424
fields 58, 438
fish-culture 71
fixed-costs 209
flooding 20
floor-area 71
florida 51, 77, 280, 405
flowering-date 288, 308
flowers 60
fluazifop-p 61, 200, 433
fodder-crops 24, 410
fodder-legumes 177
food-consumption 29, 328, 353, 355
Food-industry-and-trade 13
Food-industry-and-trade-Environmental-aspects-United-States 399
Food-industry-and-trade-Saskatchewan 7
food-irradiation 235
food-marketing 213, 247
food-policy 77, 388
food-production 78, 91, 164, 235, 247, 259, 353, 387, 388
food-products 247
food-quality 221
Food-Quality-Congresses 10
food-safety 77
Food-supply 3, 188, 219, 259, 353, 355, 374, 388
Food-supply-Cape-Verde 430
Food-supply-Case-studies 169
Food-supply-Developing-countries 188
Food-supply-Latin-America 46
Food-supply-United-States 371
forage 24, 185, 270
forecasting 171
Foreign-trade-promotion-Guatemala 187
forest-litter 369
forestry-machinery 189
four-year-rotations 129
fraction-of-negligible-risk-intake 328
fraction-of-reference-dose 328
fragaria 439
fragaria-ananassa 55, 66, 80, 82, 369
france 184, 244, 365
fraxinus-pennsylvanica 58
free-living-nematodes 352
Free-trade-Guatemala 187
frequency 314
frost-protection 150
frozen-conditions 432
fruit 328
fruit-crops 342
fruits 60, 66, 134
fuel-crops 26
fuels 189, 216
fumigation 55
fungal-diseases 178, 184, 290
fungicides 178, 184, 448
fuzzy-logic 211
game-farming 400
gas-exchange 42
gender-relations 246
genera 57
genetic-correlation 428
genetic-diversity 156
genetic-engineering 410
genetic-improvement 100
genetic-resistance 55, 100, 292, 391, 398
genetic-variance 428
genetic-variation 428, 449
genotype-environment-interaction 449
genotype-nutrition-interaction 428
genotypes 182
geographical-distribution 153
geographical-information-systems 438
geographical-variation 448
georgia 405, 421
geotextiles 255
germany 37, 127, 128, 234, 276, 449
germplasm 100, 156
gleditsia-triacanthos 58
global-positioning-system 153, 181
globalization 381
glycine-max 61, 84, 101, 184, 314, 322, 327, 341, 405, 433, 435, 436
glyphosate 217, 314
gossypium 81, 118, 283, 292, 421
gossypium-hirsutum 100, 114, 192, 262, 368
government 123
government-organizations 328
government-policy 183
grain 4, 31, 70, 88, 127, 132, 153, 156, 184, 206, 207, 220, 334, 340, 358, 422, 449
grain-crops 332, 405
grain-legumes 78
grammenitsa,-arta,-greece 216
grants 446
granules 419
grapefruits 77
grass-legme-understory 69
grasses 270
grassland-management 65, 79, 145, 185, 270
grazing 79, 145, 185
grazing-systems 241
Grazing-West-U 406
great-plains-states-of-usa 124, 180
greece 160, 216
green-manures 26, 49, 78, 102, 107, 109, 129, 132, 138, 217, 419
Green-marketing 143
Green-movement 113
green-revolution 239
Green-Revolution-Philippines 345
Green-revolution-South-Asia 9
greenhouse-culture 71, 329
gross-margins 67, 120
gross-margins-analysis 120
groundwater-pollution 136, 137, 443
growers 424
growing-media 304
growth 4, 56, 66, 107, 109, 129, 132, 325, 340
growth-period 288
growth-rate 28, 58, 82, 225, 255
Guatemala-Economic-conditions-1985 187
habit 57
habitat-conservation 164
habitat-destruction 164
habitats 126, 189
hardening 288
harvest-index 42
harvesting 189, 424
hay 270
heading-date 449
health-hazards 36
heat 184, 330
heat-loss 71
heat-recovery 71
heavy-metals 412
height 42
helianthus-annuus 184, 199
helianthus-tuberosus 28
helicoverpa-zea 100, 420
heliothis-virescens 100
herbage 177, 200
herbicide-injury 435
herbicide-mixtures 31, 133, 192, 200, 314, 327, 341, 435, 441
herbicide-resistance 341, 435
herbicides 56, 58, 60, 103, 137, 142, 180, 192, 262, 322, 437, 445, 448
herds 276
heritability 428
Hevea-Congresses 146
high-density-planting 130
high-input-agriculture 154
high-residue-cultivators 262
high-versus-low-external-input-farming 353
high-yield-farming 164
high-yielding-varieties 259
Hill-farming-Developing-countries 222
hilling 324
history 179, 402
hordeum-vulgare 4, 60, 90, 139, 156, 184, 205, 214, 217, 220, 441
horn-manure 37
horn-silica 37
horticultural-crops 329
Horticultural-products-industry-Saskatchewan 7
Horticultural-products-industry-Victoria 343
horticulture 402
hot-water-treatment 196
human-population 387
humid-tropics 224
Humus-Congresses 197
hybrid-varieties 85
hybrids 103
hydraulic-conductivity 38
hydrocarbons 330
hydroponics 71
hymenoptera 189
idaho 102, 103, 121, 227, 432, 448
identification 291
illinois 341
imazamethabenz 205, 441
imazapyr 199
imazaquin 436
imazethapyr 120, 200, 341, 433, 434, 436
immobilization 172
immune-response 330
impatiens 304
improvement 417
in-vitro-digestibility 177
incentives 123
incidence 184
income 29, 73, 209, 310
incorporation 80, 326, 369
indexes 63, 422, 444
india 206, 237, 417
indiana 409
indicators 32
individual-quarters 285
infiltration 237
information-services 208
infrastructure 348
Infrastructure-Economics 364
injuries 435
innovation-adoption 33, 50, 93, 104, 123, 158, 159, 162, 213, 236, 239, 389
innovations 236
insect-control 75, 181, 290, 405
insect-pests 50, 54, 60, 75, 89, 290, 292, 405
insecticides 75, 118, 239, 448
Institutional-economics 12
integrated-control 70, 91, 178, 180, 183, 207, 209, 217, 436, 437, 445
integrated-fruit-protection 342
integrated-pest-management 104, 118, 154, 176, 178, 210, 213, 235, 329, 342, 420, 424, 438, 439
integrated-systems 210, 236, 337, 444
intensification 32, 41, 348
intensive-cropping 32, 172, 337
intensive-husbandry 331
intensive-livestock-farming 331
interactions 367
interception 42
intercropping 78, 90, 141, 220, 221, 286, 290, 309, 359
interest-groups 179, 227
International-Centre-for-Integrated-Mountain-Development 222
international-cooperation 208, 253, 442
international-trade 381
International-trade-Environmental-aspects 14
interspecific-competition 135, 309
intervention 123
interviews 106, 227
inulin 28
investment 310
iowa 312, 326
irrigated-conditions 94, 192
irrigated-sites 124
irrigation 424
irrigation-scheduling 265
irrigation-water 265, 390
-italica 128, 369
italy 137, 233, 449
japan 228
java 15
juglans-nigra 409
kalyvia,-aitoloakarnania,-greece 216
kansas 64, 75, 85, 112
keeping-quality 131
kenya 250
kernels 428
knowledge 261
labor-costs 68
labor-productivity 144
Labor-supply-North-Dakota 116
lactation-duration 276
lactation-number 285
lactation-stage 285
land-capability 353
Land-degradation-Study-and-teaching-Higher 122
land-development 229, 234, 258, 390
land-diversion 216
land-equivalent-ratios 309
land-management 233, 234, 258
land-ownership 447
land-productivity 108, 237, 309, 332, 444
land-resources 121, 228, 390
land-use 29, 41, 163, 228, 233, 234, 387
Land-use-Australia-Victoria-Evaluation 232
Land-use-Congresses 366
Land-use-Environmental-aspects-Australia-Victoria 232
Land-use-Environmental-aspects-Congresses 197
Land-use-Ireland 416
land-use-planning 228, 229, 258, 277, 390
Land-use,-Rural 231
Land-use,-Rural-California-Planning 376
Land-use,-Rural-Congresses 373
Land-use,-Rural-Environmental-aspects 40
Land-use,-Rural-Ireland 416
Land-use,-Rural-Planning 40
Land-use,-Rural-Southern-Cone-of-South-America-Congresses 373
Land-use,-Rural-United-States 364
Land-use,-Rural-United-States-Planning 376
Land-use,-Urban 231
landraces 156
landscape 233, 234, 258, 277, 390
landscape-architecture 277
landscape-diversity 277
latin-america 208, 269
lawns-and-turf 329
leaching 49, 89, 107, 109, 137, 172, 265, 297, 304, 425, 443
lead 412
leaf-area 304, 309
leaf-area-index 42, 129
leaf-water-potential 135
leaves 56, 134, 138, 281, 304, 450
lebanon 242
legislation 179, 393, 400, 402
legume-cover-crops 443
legumes 236, 443
length 340
lepidoptera 290
leptinotarsa-decemlineata 109, 154
less-favored-areas 99
less-intensive-farming-and-environment-project 337
ley-farming 50, 73, 237, 359
leys 127, 134, 139, 296
light 42, 304
light-relations 28, 207
lime 138
line-differences 308
linear-models 29, 155
linear-programming 44, 49, 310
lines 42, 100, 156, 449
linum-usitatissimum 28
linuron 43
liquid-manures 127, 137, 425
live-mulches 58, 60, 78, 324
livestock 410
livestock-enterprises 121, 400
livestock-farming 79
livestock-numbers 276
Livestock-South-Dakota 168
Livestock-West-U 406
liveweight-gain 145
loam-soils 206, 413, 414
loamy-sand-soils 206
local-resource-management 316
location-of-production 247
logging 189
logging-effects 189
lolium 107, 412
lolium-multiflorum 185, 434
lolium-perenne 58, 69, 134
long-term-experiments 184, 296, 307, 314, 444
losses 59, 178
losses-from-soil 49, 107, 136, 137, 140, 172, 225, 265, 297, 326, 413, 414, 425, 432
lotus 57
lotus-corniculatus 58, 177, 308
lotus-uliginosus 177
louisiana 61, 185
low-energy-cultivation 310
low-input-agriculture 24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 43, 49, 54, 56, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 75, 82, 89, 90, 93, 94, 101, 103, 109, 110, 114, 120, 124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145, 152, 154, 156, 158, 161, 162, 176, 177, 178, 181, 182, 184, 185, 191, 195, 196, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 236, 241, 242, 243, 244, 255, 262, 270, 286, 287, 293, 297, 302, 308, 310, 314, 320, 322, 324, 327, 334, 337, 341, 342, 352, 353, 358, 368, 369, 389, 393, 402, 405, 409, 420, 421, 422, 425, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 446, 448, 449
low-yield-farming 164
lowland-areas 236
lupinus-albus 405
lycopersicon 421
lycopersicon-esculentum 59, 60, 129, 131, 154, 352, 420
magnesium 132, 340
maine 109
maize-silage 425
maize-soils 138
Malnutrition 175
malus 58, 69, 134, 178, 427
malus-pumila 56
management 258
management-intensive-systems 429
manganese 138
Manpower-policy-Africa,-Southern 240
manual-weed-control 243
manures 270
mapping 153, 194, 438
marginal-land 242, 308
marginal-returns 209, 327
market-competition 36, 247
market-economies 36
market-prices 209
market-segmentation 442
marketable-yield 255, 324, 450
marketing 47, 275, 283, 357, 389
marketing-techniques 121
markets 27
marriage 246
maryland 207
massachusetts 106, 438
massage 330
mathematical-models 49, 68, 384
maturity 85
mcpa 441
measurement 334
mechanical-methods 320, 445
mechanically-separated-slurry 139
mechanization 242
medicago 57
medicago-lupulina 107, 220
medicago-polymorpha 220
medicago-sativa 49, 140, 142, 200, 220, 266
medicago-truncatula 135, 220
medical-treatment 330
mediterranean-climate 129, 265
melilotus 57
meloidogyne 421
membership 227
men 330
metabolizable-energy-ratio 293
metam 80
meteorological-factors 64
meters 334
methodology 32, 196, 250
methyl-bromide 55, 80
metolachlor 133, 136, 207, 324, 327, 358, 414, 433
metribuzin 43, 136, 191, 324, 327, 436
mexico 16, 357
michigan 163, 215, 435
microbial-activities 54, 140, 352
microeconomic-analysis 124
microtus 56
milk-production 68, 145, 331, 351
milk-yield 276, 285
mineral-content 450, 451
mineral-deficiencies 138
mineral-fertilizers 137
mineralization 129, 172, 352, 412, 425, 443
minimum-insecticide-strategy 239
minimum-tillage 62, 89, 212, 324, 332
minnesota 58, 220, 246, 441
mississippi 255, 286
missouri 151, 211, 326, 433, 436
mixed-farming 277
mixed-herb-leys 134
mixed-pastures 139
mixtures 80, 419
models 384
moisture-content 304
molasses 320
moldova 253
monoculture 78, 90
montana 205
moral-values 163, 202
motad 121
mulches 56, 134, 255, 369
mulching 140, 154
multiple-attribute-decision-making 211
multiple-criteria-decision-making-models 384
multiple-land-use 121
multiyear-regional-risk-programming-model 111
musa 309
mushroom-compost 80, 369
myzus-persicae 154
national-organic-program 317
national-organic-standards-board-nosb 235
Natural-disasters-Switzerland-Surselva 226
Natural-foods-industry-Standards-United-States 415
Natural-foods-industry-Washington-State-Directories 431
Natural-foods-Japan-Marketing 303
Natural-foods-Labeling-Japan 318
Natural-foods-Public-opinion-Congresses 10
Natural-foods-Standards-United-States 415
Natural-foods-Uruguay-Congresses 271
Natural-foods-Virginia-Marketing-Directories 363
natural-resources 63, 208, 227, 230, 339, 353, 387
Natural-resources-Cape-Verde 430
nebraska 241, 315, 326
necroses 103
needs-assessment 216
nematoda 54, 82, 196
nematode-control 421
neotropical-region 208
nepal 374
nervous-system-diseases 330
net-assimilation-rate 129
netherlands 213, 258, 277
new-crops 28
new-south-wales 192, 340, 427
new-york 43, 56, 92, 101, 212, 252, 270, 324
new-zealand 69, 134
nickel 412
nicosulfuron 70, 358
niger 293
nigeria 309, 447
nitrate 49, 60, 107, 265, 443
nitrate-loading 265
nitrate-nitrogen 89, 109, 129, 131, 137, 172, 413, 425
nitrates 244
nitrogen 64, 85, 90, 111, 112, 127, 129, 132, 134, 135, 140, 184, 265, 296, 297, 340, 352, 412, 419, 422, 425, 428, 443
nitrogen-balance 408
nitrogen-content 60, 107, 129, 135, 141, 172, 237, 304, 407, 443
nitrogen-cycle 172
nitrogen-fertilizer-value 90
nitrogen-fertilizers 26, 85, 128, 129, 145, 172, 184, 185, 220, 244, 265, 288, 297, 325, 405, 407, 419, 449
nitrogen-fixation 26, 69, 78, 107, 135, 220, 408, 443
nitrogen-fixing-bacteria 26, 206
nitrogen-fixing-trees 26, 78
nitrogen-nutrition-index 184
nitrogen-recovery-efficiency 419
nitrogen-reflectance-index 334
nitrogen-retention 334
nitrogen-sufficiency-index 334
nitrogen-use-efficiency 428
nitrogenase 237
no-tillage 62, 85, 88, 90, 152, 172, 207, 212, 315, 322, 326, 389, 407, 408, 413, 414, 425, 434, 437, 445
non-crop-weed-control 346
non-farm-inputs 310
non-government-organizations 161
non-legume-cover-crops 443
non-point-source-pollution 64
nonpoint-source-pollution 111
north-america 117
north-carolina 88, 289, 290, 331
North-Dakota-Economic-conditions 116
northern-england 308
northern-territory 50, 62, 73
norway 139
nova-scotia 450, 451
novel-crops 28
npk-fertilizers 138, 296, 304, 450
nurseries 58, 329
nutrient-availability 134, 138, 140, 428, 451
nutrient-balance 60
nutrient-content 56, 60, 71, 132, 134, 138, 281, 405, 450
nutrient-deficiencies 334, 422
nutrient-management 127, 210, 424
nutrient-recycling 71
nutrient-requirements 297
nutrient-sources 26, 90, 129, 135, 220, 265, 325, 419, 443
nutrient-uptake 85, 112, 129, 172, 184, 265, 293, 412, 419, 422, 443
nutrients 79
Nutrition-Congresses 10
nutrition-physiology 428
Nutrition-policy 174
nutritive-value 184
objectives 227
off-farm-employment 160
off-site-transport 326
ohio 54, 60
oilseed-plants 28
Oilseed-plants-Nicaragua 278
oklahoma 422
ontario 44, 59, 79, 133, 191, 209, 314, 322, 327, 413, 414
opinions 106, 427
optical-properties 334
optimization-methods 71
orchard-soils 134
orchards 56, 69, 178, 427
oregon 189, 227, 432
organic-amendments 132, 154, 320
organic-compounds 330
organic-control 80
organic-culture 59, 60, 291
organic-farming 18, 37, 47, 51, 54, 57, 63, 66, 68, 69, 81, 82, 84, 106, 107, 118, 125, 126, 127, 129, 134, 139, 140, 141, 155, 163, 193, 209, 223, 233, 235, 250, 258, 272, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 283, 285, 289, 290, 291, 307, 311, 315, 317, 320, 332, 336, 340, 352, 357, 440, 442, 450, 451
Organic-farming-Africa,-Southern-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 306
Organic-farming-California-Cost-of-operation 1
Organic-farming-Congresses 10, 356
Organic-farming-Costa-Rica 282
Organic-farming-Economic-aspects-European-Union-countries 201
Organic-farming-Economic-aspects-United-States 190
Organic-farming-Environmental-aspects-United-States 256
Organic-farming-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 321
Organic-farming-Japan 303
Organic-farming-Japan-Case-studies 301
Organic-farming-Japan-Takane-machi 273
Organic-farming-Law-and-legislation-Japan 318
Organic-farming-Mexico 223
Organic-farming-Nicaragua 278
Organic-farming-Northeastern-States 2
Organic-farming-Standards-United-States 415
Organic-farming-United-States 173, 249
Organic-farming-United-States-Information-services 173
Organic-farming-Uruguay-Congresses 271
Organic-farming-Victoria 343
Organic-farming-Virginia-Directories 363
Organic-farming-Washington-State-Directories 431
organic-fertilizers 126, 280, 412, 450
organic-foods 235, 272, 317, 440, 442
organic-matter 296, 297
-organic-production 59
organic-versus-chemical-control 290
organic-versus-conventional-farming 451
organic-versus-conventional-farming-systems 155
organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers 129, 419
organic-wastes 225
Organisation-for-Economic-Co-operation-and-Development 385
organizations 161
origin 247
ornamental-woody-plants 58
orobanche-cernua 199
oryza 419
oryza-sativa 239
outturn 367
ova 420
overhead-irrigation 154
oversowing 185
oxidation 140
oxidoreductases 237
oxisols 138
oxygen 20
pagonda-ireon,-samons,-greece 216
pakistan 419
paliambela,-aitoloakarnania,-greece 216
panicum-miliaceum 31, 358
panicum-miliaceum-subsp 358
panicum-virgatum 114
parasitic-weeds 199
participation 246
pasture-legumes 26
pastures 50, 79, 145, 331
pelargonium-hortorum 288
pendimethalin 212, 358
pennisetum-glaucum 206, 237, 293
pennsylvania 154
perception 291
perennial-weeds 61, 255
performance 145, 250
perillus-bioculatus 109
permanent-grasslands 270
persistence 57, 177
personal-support-networks 261
peru 132
pest-control 56, 91, 93, 154, 239, 286, 398
pest-management 80, 280, 291, 427
pest-resistance 100, 292
pesticide-alternatives 329
pesticide-mixtures 55
pesticide-policy 239, 328
pesticide-residues 328
pesticides 49, 137, 154, 158, 188, 244, 252, 329, 369, 389, 427
Pesticides-Developing-countries 188
Pesticides-Economic-aspects 257, 411
Pesticides-Environmental-aspects 411
Pesticides-Environmental-aspects-United-States 190, 256
Pesticides-Law-and-legislation 257
ph 340, 413
pharbitis-hederacea 433, 436
phaseolus-vulgaris 59, 120
phenology 57
phenotypic-correlation 428
phenotypic-variation 182
philippines 287
philosophy 72
phleum-pratense 134, 140, 177
phosphoric-monoester-hydrolases 237
phosphorus 85, 132, 296, 340, 425
phosphorus-fertilizers 85, 325
photosynthesis 42
physicochemical-properties 206
phytophthora 55
phytotoxicity 199, 341
phytotoxins 20
picea-glauca 58
pig-farming 429
pig-housing 429
pine-needles 255
pisum 57
pisum-sativum 49, 90, 184
placement 326
plant-analysis 54, 316
Plant-biotechnology-Zimbabwe 39
plant-breeding 100, 322, 391
plant-collections 156
plant-competition 58, 177, 308
plant-composition 85, 107, 129, 130, 134, 135, 138, 154, 172, 193, 270, 443, 450, 451
plant-density 4, 81, 141, 182, 191, 192
plant-development 66, 182
plant-disease-control 89, 91, 178, 290, 291, 299, 391, 398
plant-diseases 50, 60, 141, 291, 299, 329, 391, 398
plant-genetic-resources 156
plant-growth-regulators 244
plant-height 42, 288, 308, 449
plant-nitrogen-spectral-index 422
plant-nutrition 134, 138, 424
plant-parasitic-nematodes 421
plant-pathogenic-fungi 82, 178, 369
plant-pathogens 196, 299, 398
plant-pests 291, 329
plant-protection 91, 299, 391
plant-water-relations 109
planting 424
planting-date 327
planting-stock 288
Plants-Diseases-and-pests-Biological-control-Southern-States 166
plastic-film 56, 140, 154, 310
pluriactive-rural-households 160
poa-pratensis 49, 177
poaceae 26, 57, 145
point-sources 64
poland 36
political-attitudes 92
pollutant-loads 111
pollution 36, 111, 244, 330, 331, 332
pollution-control 64
polyethylene-film 255
pontoscolex-corethrurus 132
population-density 132, 207, 352, 421
population-dynamics 82
population-growth 29, 164
population-pressure 29
populations 132
porosity 38, 139
postharvest-physiology 288
potassium 131, 132, 138, 296
potassium-chloride 131
potassium-nitrate 131
potatoes 450
poultry-manure 421
poverty 417
Poverty-Case-studies 169
Poverty-Developing-countries 370
precipitation 327, 413, 414
precision-agriculture 170
precision-farming 194
predators-of-insect-pests 82
preemergence-application 437
preplanting-treatment 55, 369
pretreatment 288
price-support 114
prilled-urea 419
private-organizations 312
private-ownership 36
probability 160
problem-analysis 106
Produce-trade 335
Produce-trade-Environmental-aspects-Guatemala 187
Produce-trade-Guatemala 187
Produce-trade-Japan-Case-studies 301
producer-organic-index 63
producer-sustainability-index 63
production-costs 59, 61, 82, 124, 189, 209, 242, 437, 448
production-economics 242
production-functions 92
production-possibilities 38, 353, 410
productivity 28, 36, 44, 239, 269, 391, 448
profit-maximizing-cropping-systems 49
profitability 24, 44, 49, 55, 59, 65, 68, 89, 101, 105, 112, 114, 117, 142, 209, 215, 242, 244, 270, 307, 332, 337, 368, 384, 407, 419, 420, 444, 448
profits 66, 189
program-development 34
programming 384
programs 446
project-implementation 337
projects 337
protein 325
protein-content 127, 184, 407
prototypes 196
prunus-avium 242
psila-rosae 291
public-agencies 312
public-domain 121
Public-goods 12
public-relations 161
pulse 330
pumpkins 75
purchasing-habits 247
pure-versus-mixed-stands 135
quality 108, 258, 293, 316, 412
quality-of-life 246, 315
quebec 68
queensland 62, 407, 408
quizalofop 61, 217, 433
quizalofop-p 61
radiation 129
rain 177
Range-management-West-U 406
ratios 309
rearing-techniques 118
recirculating-aquaculture-systems 71
reclamation 210
recovery 172, 419
reduced-herbicide-rates 358
reduced-input-farming-systems 209
reflectance 334
refuse 412
refuse-compost 265
regional-development 269
regional-surveys 92, 106, 158, 163
regionalization 179
regrowth 314
regulating-per-acre 111
regulating-the-aggregate 111
regulation 440
regulations 77, 111, 171, 235, 317, 400
relay-cropping 290
remote-sensing 153, 181, 334
Renewable-natural-resources 305
reproductive-efficiency 185
reproductive-performance 331
requirements 262
research 374, 444
Research-institutes-Australia-Directories 298
research-policy 227, 338, 375
research-projects 396, 423, 439, 446
research-support 227, 446
residual-effects 138, 142, 172, 407, 419, 443
residues 77
resistance-to-change 159, 389
resource-allocation 27, 72, 228, 310
resource-conservation 63, 390
resource-management 72, 208, 210
resource-poor-farmers 33
resource-utilization 44, 123, 209, 353, 367, 388, 390
respiration 140, 352
Retail-trade-surveys-Victoria 343
returns 49, 59, 60, 64, 82, 112, 114, 124, 185, 189, 191, 205, 309, 310, 407, 420, 433, 437, 441
reviews 78, 79
rhizomes 314
ribes-nigrum 140
rice 228, 259
Rice-Philippines 345
rice-straw 419
ridge-till 332
ridging 241, 332, 389
risk 64, 77, 111, 114, 117, 178, 239, 328, 332, 384, 427
risk-analysis 64
rock-phosphate 340
roles 447
root-rots 55
root-turnover 302
roots 132, 302, 304, 340
rotary-hoes 70
rotational-grazing 152
rotations 20, 49, 78, 90, 92, 102, 114, 124, 127, 129, 132, 137, 142, 172, 184, 206, 214, 217, 265, 290, 296, 351, 359, 405, 408, 419, 424, 432
row-spacing 207, 433, 435
rowcrops 89, 332
Rubber-industry-and-trade-Congresses 146
Rubber-industry-and-trade-Malaysia-Congresses 146
rubus 439
rubus-caesius 438
-ruderale 358
rumen-digestion 410
rumen-microorganisms 410
ruminants 351, 410
runoff 136, 326, 425
rural-areas 348
rural-communities 33, 161, 216, 252, 315, 357
rural-development 27, 160, 229, 372, 375, 417, 447
Rural-development-Bolivia 8
Rural-development-Developing-countries 222
Rural-development-Developing-countries-Congresses 218
Rural-development-Economic-aspects-Periodicals 203
Rural-development-Europe-Congresses 11
Rural-development-South-Asia 9
Rural-development-United-States-Congresses 344
rural-sociology 159, 234
rural-welfare 417
rural-women 261, 447
S 406
-saccharata 450
-saccharifera 215, 302
salt-tolerance 304
salvage-felling-and-logging 189
sampling 153, 316
san-582h 358
sandy-clay-loam-soils 327
sandy-soils 94, 327
sanguisorba-minor 134
saskatchewan 195
Saskatchewan-Agri-Food-Innovation-Fund 7
satellite-surveys 153
-sativa 43
Sato,-Noriko 273
Sato-Yukio 273
saturated-hydraulic-conductivity 237
savannas 236
seasonal-fluctuations 82, 145
seasonal-variation 66, 69, 138, 427
seasons 225
secale-cereale 58, 60, 88, 324
sediment 64
seed-weight 428
seedbed-preparation 437
seedling-emergence 103
seedlings 288
seeds 141, 195, 200
selection-responses 100
semiarid-zones 62, 243, 359
senecio-vulgaris 200
sensors 422
sequential-cropping 114
Sesame-Nicaragua 278
sesbania-aculeata 419
sesbania-rostrata 419
setaria-faberi 31, 433
sethoxydim 61, 200, 434
settlement 367
sexual-reproduction 28
shading 32
sheep 214
shifting-cultivation 224
shoots 132
short-term-legume-based-rotations 90
short-versus-long-composted-manure 127
silage-making 405
silt-loam-soils 425
simulation-models 38, 64, 71, 111, 155, 244, 310, 359
sinapis-arvensis 195
single-grip-harvesters 189
site-preparation 424
site-specific-farming 153
slow-release-fertilizers 265
Small-farmers-Zimbabwe 74
small-farms 32, 33, 47, 84, 246, 361, 374, 384
small-fruits 54, 439
small-mammals 189
social-benefits 162, 178
social-costs 148, 216
social-development 216
Social-ecology 113
social-impact 41, 151, 202, 365, 423
social-indicators 32
social-policy 388
social-structure 92
social-unrest 417
socioeconomic-status 417
socioeconomics 224, 348, 400
sodium 77
soil 108, 132, 153, 172
soil-acidity 132
soil-amendments 37, 80, 225, 450
soil-analysis 316, 340
soil-biology 80
soil-compaction 139, 189
soil-conservation 79, 253, 432
Soil-conservation-Australia-Victoria 232
Soil-conservation-California 376
Soil-conservation-United-States 376
soil-degradation 259
soil-depth 432
soil-enzymes 237
soil-fertility 26, 54, 56, 60, 89, 129, 132, 134, 140, 210, 214, 237, 296, 316, 352, 408, 425, 428, 451
Soil-fertility-Congresses 197
soil-flora 132, 140, 237, 352
soil-fumigation 80
soil-fungi 82
soil-heating 196
soil-inoculation 132
soil-management 105, 108, 210, 214
Soil-management-Congresses 366
soil-morphology 38
soil-nitrogen-dynamics 172
soil-organic-matter 38, 54, 140, 206, 237, 340, 443
soil-ph 82, 132, 138, 154, 421
soil-physical-properties 109, 132, 443
soil-pore-system 139
soil-properties 206
soil-quality 259
soil-temperature 82, 196
soil-toxicity 138
soil-variability 316
soil-water 56, 432
soil-water-balance 265
soil-water-content 38, 207, 243, 432
soil-water-potential 38
soil-water-regimes 135
soil-water-retention 38, 237
soil-water-storage 432
soilborne-pathogens 196
Soils-Classification-Congresses 366
Soils-Quality-Congresses 366
solanum-tuberosum 38, 92, 102, 103, 109, 127, 324, 450
solar-radiation 28
sole-cropping 220, 286
sorghum 359
sorghum-bicolor 172, 184
sorghum-halepense 61
sorghum-sudanense 434
south-carolina 152, 331, 421
south-dakota 63, 307, 332
south-east-england 296
south-west-england 177
southeastern-states-of-usa 368
sowing 193
sowing-date 85, 244, 408
sowing-rates 4, 177, 244, 449
sown-grasslands 185
Soybean-Nicaragua 278
spacing 368
spain 199, 265, 412
spatial-distribution 438
spatial-variation 316, 327, 422
specialization 209
species 57, 126
species-diversity 4, 54
spectral-analysis 422
spikes 428
split-dressings 425
spraying 420
sprays 37
stability 117
stand-characteristics 57
standard-labeling 440
standards 317
staphylococcus-aureus 285
starter-dressings 85
statistical-analysis 444
stems 42, 304
stocking-density 71
stocking-rate 145
storage-quality 288
straw 206
straw-mulches 154
streptococcus-dysgalactiae 285
streptococcus-uberis 285
stress-response 288
structural-adjustment 367
structural-change 389
stubble-mulching 132
stylosanthes-hamata 359
subsidies 36
subsurface-irrigation 368
succeeding-crops 443
sulfonylurea-herbicides 31, 70, 195, 341, 358, 441
sumatra 15
supermarkets 272
superphosphate 293, 340
supplements 330
supply-balance 272, 283, 353
supports 154
suppressive-soils 80
surface-layers 432
surface-water 64
surveys 34, 276, 291, 310, 312, 424
sustainability 16, 19, 20, 21, 26, 29, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 41, 49, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 72, 78, 79, 80, 89, 91, 92, 94, 101, 102, 105, 108, 110, 117, 123, 132, 140, 144, 151, 152, 159, 161, 162, 176, 180, 181, 183, 202, 206, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 215, 221, 227, 228, 229, 234, 236, 237, 241, 242, 246, 247, 252, 253, 258, 261, 266, 269, 279, 286, 290, 294, 296, 299, 309, 312, 315, 316, 331, 332, 337, 339, 348, 351, 352, 353, 357, 361, 365, 367, 374, 375, 381, 384, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 396, 398, 400, 402, 405, 408, 409, 417, 424, 429, 432, 437, 439, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447
Sustainable-agriculture 13, 14, 40, 147, 174, 175, 188, 263, 355, 372, 385
Sustainable-agriculture-Africa 115
Sustainable-agriculture-Africa,-Southern-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc 306
Sustainable-agriculture-Australia-Directories 298
Sustainable-agriculture-Australia-Statistics 35
Sustainable-agriculture-Australia-Victoria 232
Sustainable-agriculture-Bolivia 8
Sustainable-agriculture-California-Congresses 52
Sustainable-agriculture-Canada 149
Sustainable-agriculture-Case-studies 169
Sustainable-agriculture-Chile-Case-studies 377
Sustainable-agriculture-Congresses 86, 97, 146, 197, 366, 373
Sustainable-agriculture-Developing-countries 188, 198, 222
Sustainable-agriculture-Developing-countries-Congresses 218
Sustainable-agriculture-Developing-countries-Periodicals 45
Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects 3, 219, 392
Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects-Saskatchewan 7
Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects-Southern-States 166
Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States 254
Sustainable-agriculture-Economic-aspects-United-States-Congresses 386
Sustainable-agriculture-Environmental-aspects 3, 219
Sustainable-agriculture-Europe-Congreses 11
Sustainable-agriculture-European-Union-countries 403
Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-Canada 149
Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-Europe 149
Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-United-States 149, 397
Sustainable-agriculture-Government-policy-United-States- Congresses 383
Sustainable-agriculture-Guatemala 187
Sustainable-agriculture-Ireland 416
Sustainable-agriculture-Kenya 362
Sustainable-agriculture-Latin-America 46
Sustainable-agriculture-Mexico 360
Sustainable-agriculture-Nigeria-Congresses 380
Sustainable-agriculture-Northeastern-States 2
Sustainable-agriculture-Northeastern-States-Periodicals 267
Sustainable-agriculture-Philippines 345
Sustainable-agriculture-Research 165
sustainable-agriculture-research-and-education 439
Sustainable-agriculture-Sahel 17
Sustainable-agriculture-Social-aspects-United-States 371
Sustainable-agriculture-South-Asia 9
Sustainable-agriculture-South-Dakota 168
Sustainable-agriculture-Southern-Cone-of-South-America-Congresses 373
Sustainable-agriculture-Sri-Lanka-North-Central-Province- Congresses 319
Sustainable-agriculture-Study-and-teaching-Higher 122
Sustainable-agriculture-United-States 157, 256, 364, 399
Sustainable-agriculture-United-States-Case-studies 157
Sustainable-agriculture-United-States-Congresses 386
Sustainable-agriculture-Uruguay-Congresses 271
Sustainable-agriculture-Washington-State-Directories 431
Sustainable-agriculture-West-U 406
Sustainable-agriculture-Zimbabwe 39, 74
Sustainable-development 13, 223, 264
Sustainable-development-Africa 115
Sustainable-development-Costa-Rica 282
Sustainable-development-India 147
Sustainable-development-Law-and-legislation 231
Sustainable-development-Mexico 223
sustainable-farm-practices 161
sustainable-farming-networks 261
sustainable-farming-practices 33
Sustainable-fisheries 263
Sustainable-forestry 263
sward-height 308
sweden 140, 145, 429
sweetcorn 450
symptoms 285, 330
synergism 341
syria 214
systems 272
systems-approach 423
tanzania 29
taxes 111, 123
technical-progress 299, 316
technology 26, 123, 153, 339, 367
technology-transfer 236, 253, 398, 424
temperature 184, 288
temporal-variation 107
tennessee 425
terminology 440
terraces 326
texas 118, 448
Textile-fabrics-Congresses 356
Textile-industry-Congresses 356
theobroma-cacao 32
thifensulfuron 341, 441
thinning 189
thuja-occidentalis 58
tile-drainage 326, 413, 414
tillage 58, 62, 70, 90, 142, 212, 217, 324, 407, 408, 413, 414, 424, 432, 436
tillers 325
time 196
timing 43, 70, 120, 127, 133, 184, 193, 195, 199, 205, 225, 285, 324, 358, 420, 425, 432, 435, 441
Tomato-growers-California 1
Tomatoes-California-Costs 1
top-dressings 128
toxic-substances 330
Trace-elements-in-nutrition 175
trade-agreements 179
trade-liberalization 381
trade-relations 93
traditional-ecological-knowledge 16
traditional-farming 16, 78, 99, 160, 242, 246
traditional-tillage-versus-strip-tillage 290
transfer 135
transgenic-plants 410
transition-period 154
transmittance 207
transport 288
transporting-quality 288
trees 58
trends 180, 269, 299, 339, 402
trials 156
tribenuron 441
trickle-irrigation 154, 368
trifluralin 200, 327, 436
trifolium 57, 101
trifolium-incarnatum 60, 88, 185
trifolium-pratense 69, 107, 134, 140, 217, 308
trifolium-repens 107, 145, 185, 308
trifolium-subterraneum 88
triticale 428
triticum 127
triticum-aestivum 42, 49, 101, 103, 107, 141, 172, 182, 184, 214, 244, 265, 302, 325, 340, 405, 407, 408, 419, 422, 432, 441
triticum-durum 135
triticum-monococcum 449
Tropical-regions-Agriculture 238
tropical-rice 239
tropical-soils 26
tropics 15, 32, 135, 210, 236
tubers 38, 127, 324
turkey 214
two-year-rotations 129
understory 69, 134
United-States-Rural-conditions-Congresses 344
university-research 227
upland-areas 228
uptake 412
Urban-agriculture 231
urbanization 390
urea 265, 419
urea-ammonium-nitrate 422
usa 27, 34, 95, 148, 162, 164, 179, 235, 253, 261, 328, 361, 393
usage 142, 158, 389, 437
usda 235, 440
use-efficiency 28, 129, 265, 419
utah 424
utility-functions 111
utilization 178, 180, 410, 427
utilized-metabolizable-energy 145
uttar-pradesh 130
vaccinium-macrocarpon 438
validity 316
value-theory 77
variable-rate-applications 422
varieties 4
vegetable-growing 47, 59, 94, 291, 310, 450
vegetable-legumes 78
vegetables 47, 89, 221, 280, 328, 424
vegetative-period 28, 85
vermont 106
verticillium-dahliae 55
vertisols 408
vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas 206, 340
vetiveria-zizanioides 286
vicia 57
vicia-faba 90, 141, 184
vicia-sativa 129
vicia-villosa 60, 88
vigna-radiata 206
vigna-unguiculata 138, 434
vineyards 57
virginia 331
vitamin-content 450
vitamins 451
vitis 57
volatile-compounds 330
volatilization 421
wage-rates 447
washington 49, 102, 103, 227, 342, 432
waste-utilization 225
waste-water 71
water-availability 243
water-conservation 79, 432
water-holding-capacity 154
water-intake 330
water-limited-yield 38
water-management 210, 265, 387
water-pollution 64, 158, 265, 326, 329
water-quality 64, 111, 137, 158, 265, 413, 414, 425, 443
water-resources 390
water-stress 135, 184
water-temperature 71
water-use-efficiency 243, 265, 408
watersheds 111, 228
weed-control 4, 20, 31, 43, 44, 56, 61, 80, 90, 91, 103, 120, 125, 133, 180, 182, 183, 191, 192, 195, 199, 200, 205, 207, 209, 212, 220, 290, 314, 320, 324, 327, 341, 358, 433, 435, 436, 437, 438, 441, 445
weeds 4, 50, 141, 191, 196, 293, 438
weight-losses 330
west-africa 32
western-samoa 138
wheat 259
Wheat-Africa-Congresses 97
wheat-straw 419
width 136
wild-birds 126
wildlife 164, 442
wind-machines 150
winter-wheat 42, 49, 103, 127, 422, 432
winter-wheat-fallow-systems 432
winter-wheat-spring-cereals-fallow-systems 432
Wisconsin 24, 31, 94, 110, 320, 358, 437, 444, 445, 446
woman's-status 246
women 330
Women-in-agriculture-Bibliography 25
wood-chips 140
woodlands 228
work-satisfaction 163
work-study 246
world 41, 353
xanthium-strumarium 341, 433, 436
yield-components 42, 66, 419, 449
yield-forecasting 171
yield-increases 37, 195, 217
yield-losses 43, 55, 155, 182, 309
yields 130, 139, 293, 425
zea-mays 31, 59, 70, 84, 85, 88, 101, 133, 137, 138, 142, 184, 191, 207, 212, 215, 241, 243, 265, 266, 314, 315, 320, 322, 334, 358, 359, 405, 409, 413, 414, 425, 437, 445, 450
zea-mays-var 450
zimbabwe 243
zone-tillage 215

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, http://afsic.nal.usda.gov
National Agricultural Library, http://www.nal.usda.gov

About the Quick Bibliography Series

Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library (NAL), are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of NAL's AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.

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United States Department of Agriculture
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National Agricultural Library

The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, [email protected]
http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb9801.htm, September 21, 1998
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Alternative Farming Systems: Economic Aspects

July 1996 - June 1998

Quick Bibliography Series no. QB 98-01
Updates QB 96-08

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC)

Alternative Farming Systems - Economic Aspects
Compilers Notes

Search Strategy

Alternative Farming Systems - Economic Aspects

QB 98-01

Author Index

Subject Index

About the Quick Bibliography Series

Alternative Farming Systems: Economic Aspects

July 1996 - June 1998

Quick Bibliography Series no. QB 98-01Updates QB 96-08

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center (AFSIC)

Alternative Farming Systems - Economic AspectsCompilers Notes

Search Strategy

Alternative Farming Systems - Economic Aspects

QB 98-01

Author Index

Subject Index

About the Quick Bibliography Series

Quick Bibliography Series no. QB 98-01
Updates QB 96-08

Alternative Farming Systems - Economic Aspects
Compilers Notes