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Current Bibliographies in Medicine 96-3
The Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People
CBM 96-3 The Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People January 1966 through April 1996 762 Citations Prepared by Kristine M. Scannell, M.S.L.S., National Library of Medicine Bernadette M. Marriott, Ph.D., Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH Rebecca B. Costello, M.S., Ph.D., Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine Reference Section 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20894 1996 National Library of Medicine Cataloging in Publication Scannell, Kristine The role of dietary supplements for physically active people : January 1996 through April 1996 : 762 citations / prepared by Kristine M. Scannell, Bernadette M. Marriott, Rebecca B. Costello. -- Bethesda, Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20894) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Pittsburgh, PA : Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1996. -- (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 96-3) Prepared in support of the National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference on the Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People, held in Bethesda, Maryland, June 3-4, 1996. 1. Food, Fortified - bibliography 2. Trace Elements - physiology - bibliography 3. Vitamins - physiology - bibliography 4. Antioxidants - bibliography I. Marriott, Bernadette M. II. Costello, Rebecca B. III. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Reference Section IV. National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference on the Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People (1996 : Bethesda, Md.) V. Title VI. Series 02NLM: ZW 1 N272 no. 96-3 SERIES NOTE Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in part of the National Library of Medicine's Literature Search Series, which ceased in 1987 with No. 87-15. In 1989 it also subsumed the Specialized Bibliography Series. Each bibliography in the new series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE, AVLINE, BIOETHICSLINE, CANCERLIT, CATLINE, HEALTH, POPLINE and TOXLINE. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to: Karen Patrias, Editor Current Bibliographies in Medicine Reference Section National Library of Medicine Bethesda, MD 20894 Phone: 301-496-6097 Fax: 301-402-1384 Internet: patrias@nlm.nih.gov Ordering Information: Current Bibliographies in Medicine is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order the entire CBM series for calendar year 1996 (approximately 10 bibliographies), send $47.00 ($58.75 foreign) to the Superintendent of Documents citing GPO List ID: CBM96. For your convenience an order blank is given inside the back cover. Orders for individual bibliographies in the series ($5.50, $6.88 foreign) should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents citing the title, CBM number, and the GPO List ID given above. Internet Access: The Current Bibliographies in Medicine series is also available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP to nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov and login as anonymous. The index file in the "bibs" directory provides information on the bibliographies available. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through September 30, 1996. THE ROLE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR PHYSICALLY ACTIVE PEOPLE This bibliography was prepared in support of the National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference on the Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People, held in Bethesda, Maryland, June 3-4, 1996. Co-sponsors of the workshop included the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH); the American Institute of Nutrition; the American Society for Clinical Nutrition; and eleven other offices and institutes at NIH*. The bibliography provides a list of journals and books which contain information on the use of dietary supplements in humans for physical activity and recreational sports. It has been divided into five sections to include: determining the metabolic basis of supplementation, macronutrients and amino acids, minerals, and other supplements of potential interest for the physically active, and antioxidants. The first section on determining the metabolic basis of supplementation contains the studies defining the requirements, physiology, metabolism and the delineation of the role of nutrients in the human body under conditions of increased and varied physical activities. In the second section, the functional role and needs of the macronutrients including carbohydrates, fats, medium chain triglycerides, proteins, and select amino acids such as branch chain amino acids and glutamine, are reported for a variety of physically demanding tasks. Also included in this section are studies evaluating water and electrolyte supplementation or replacement in a variety of exercise-heat stress environments. The third section, minerals, focuses on mineral status in physically active people and the effects ofsupplementation either acutely or chronically on physical performance. Specifically of interest were human studies involving calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and chromium. The fourth section contains studies on other dietary supplements that have been utilized to define, sustain, or enhance physical activity. Included in this section are the B-vitamins, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6, creatinine monophosphate, carnitine, and choline as well as selected plants, medicinal or herbals such as ginseng. Finally, the fifth section, antioxidants, surveys the literature to define the role of antioxidants in physical activity and health. Articles reviewing many of the classic epidemiological studies are included. The anti-oxidant effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and the carotenoids are specifically addressed. Because the literature is large, this bibliography is necessarily selective. Preference was given to references of original journal articles, technical reports, and books identified as of April 1996. The journal articles or publications have been limited to those in English that deal with human subjects. The compilers wish to acknowledge the valuable contribution of Elizabeth Dawson and Adam Glazer, Reference Section, National Library of Medicine, for their editing assistance. __________________________ *NIH cosponsoring agencies include: National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institute of Dental Research; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Mental Health; NIH Division of Nutritional Research Coordination; Office of Alternative Medicine; Office of Research on Women's Health SEARCH STRATEGY A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing bibliographies in the CBM series. To assist you in updating or otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy used for the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below. Please note that the search strategies presented here differ from individual demand searches in that they are generally broadly formulated and irrelevant citations edited out prior to printing. SS 1 = EXP EXERTION OR EXERCISE TOLERANCE OR PHYSICAL FITNESS OR EXERCISE THERAPY OR EXP RECREATION OR ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING OR PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, HUMAN SS 2 = CARBOHYDRATES(PX) AND EXP FOOD AND 1 OR CARBOHYDRATES(PX) AND EXP DIET AND 1 OR DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES AND 1 OR EXP NUTRITION AND CARBOHYDRATES(PX) AND 1 SS 3 = PROTEINS(PX) AND EXP FOOD AND 1 OR PROTEINS(PX) AND EXP DIET AND 1 OR DIETARY PROTEINS AND 1 OR EXP NUTRITION AND PROTEINS(PX) AND 1 SS 4 = EXP TRIGLYCERIDES AND EXP FOOD AND 1 OR EXP TRIGLYCERIDES AND EXP NUTRITION AND 1 OR EXP TRIGLYCERIDES AND EXP DIET AND 1 SS 5 = EXP WATER AND 1 OR EXP ELECTROLYTES AND 1 SS 6 = EXP AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN AND 1 OR EXP GLUTAMINE AND 1 SS 7 = ANTIOXIDANTS(PX) AND 1 OR VITAMIN E AND 1 OR ASCORBIC ACID AND 1 OR CAROTENOIDS AND 1 OR SELENIUM AND 1 SS 8 = ANTIOXIDANTS(PX) AND EPIDEMIOLOGY&(PX) AND REVIEW SS 9 = CALCIUM AND 1 OR ZINC AND 1 OR CHROMIUM AND 1 OR IRON AND 1 SS 10 = EXP VITAMIN B COMPLEX AND 1 OR CREATINE AND 1 OR CARNITINE AND 1 OR CHOLINE AND 1 SS 11 = EXP PLANTS, MEDICINAL AND 1 OR EXP HERBS AND 1 SS 12 = EXP OBESITY OR EXP DIABETES SS 13 = 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11 SS 14 = 13 AND NOT 12 SS 15 = 14 AND HUMAN SS 16 = 15 AND ENG(LA) GRATEFUL MED and INTERNET GRATEFUL MED To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library offers GRATEFUL MED, microcomputer-based software that provides a user-friendly interface to most NLM databases. This software was specifically developed for health professionals and features multiple choice menus and "fill in the blank" screens for easy search preparation. GRATEFUL MED runs on an IBM PC (or IBM-compatible) with DOS 2.0 or a Macintosh, and requires a Hayes (or Hayes-compatible) modem. It may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia, for $29.95 (plus $3.00 per order for shipping). For your convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at the back of this bibliography. INTERNET GRATEFUL MED is available from the World Wide Web. The user with Internet access and an NLM user account need only point a compatible Web browser (Netscape Navigator is strongly recomended) to http://igm.nlm.nih.gov. No other software at the user end is required. At present, MEDLINE is the only NLM database available through INTERNET GRATEFUL MED, but the Library expects to add access to other files rapidly. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus *. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Journal Article: Author Article Title Evans WJ. Exercise, nutrition, and aging. Clin Geriatr Med 1995 Nov;11(4):725-34. Abbreviated Journal Date Volume Issue Pages Title Monograph: Author/Editor Title Bucci L. Nutrients as ergogenic aids for sports and exercise. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 1993. 161 p. Place of Publisher Date Total No. Publication of Pages _________________________________ *For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication: Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030. TABLE OF CONTENTS Metabolic Basis of Supplementation Macronutrients and Amino Acids Supplemental Protein Carbohydrate Supplements Endogenous Fat Mobilization: Medium Chain Triglycerides Water and Elecrolytes Central Fatigue Hypothesis and Branched Chain Amino Acids Glutamine Minerals Calcium Magnesium, Zinc, Chromium, and Copper Iron Other Supplements for the Physically Active B Vitamins Creatine Carnitine Choline Selected Herbs Antioxidants Overview Vitamins E and C Selenium Other Antioxidants Laboratory Methodologies METABOLIC BASIS OF SUPPLEMENTATION Bazzarre TL, Scarpino A, Sigmon R, Marquart LF, Wu SM, Izurieta M. Vitamin mineral supplement use and nutritional status of athletes. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Apr; 12(2):162-9. Belko AZ, Meredith MP, Kalkwarf HJ, Obarzanek E, Weinberg S, Roach R, McKeon G, Roe DA. Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements: biological validation in weight reducing women. Am J Clin Nutr 1985 Feb;41(2):270-7. Belko AZ, Obarzanek E, Kalkwarf HJ, Rotter MA, Bogusz S, Miller D, Haas JD, Roe DA. Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1983 Apr;37(4):509-17. Belko AZ, Obarzanek E, Roach R, Rotter M, Urban G, Weinberg S, Roe DA. Effects of aerobic exercise and weight loss on riboflavin requirements of moderately obese, marginally deficient young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1984 Sep;40(3):553-61. Beltz SD, Doering PL. Efficacy of nutritional supplements used by athletes. Clin Pharm 1993 Dec;12(12):900-8. Boddy K, Hume R, King PC, Weyers E, Rowan T. Total body plasma and erythrocyte potassium and leucocyte ascorbic acid in 'ultra fit' subjects. Clin Sci Mol Med 1974;46(4):449-56. Campbell WW, Crim MC, Young VR, Evans WJ. Increased energy requirements and changes in body composition with resistance training in older adults. 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Last updated: 31 December 1996