[Senate Report 108-125]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
Calendar No. 249
108th Congress Report
SENATE
1st Session 108-125
_______________________________________________________________________
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM AND HYPOXIA AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2003
__________
R E P O R T
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
on
S. 247
August 26, 2003.--Ordered to be printed
Filed, under authority of the order of the Senate of July 29
(legislative day, July 21), 2003
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 2003
SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION
one hundred eighth congress
first session
JOHN McCAIN, Arizona, Chairman
TED STEVENS, Alaska ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina
CONRAD BURNS, Montana DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii
TRENT LOTT, Mississippi JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West
KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas Virginia
OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts
SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana
GORDON SMITH, Oregon BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota
PETER G. FITZGERALD, Illinois RON WYDEN, Oregon
JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada BARBARA BOXER, California
GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia BILL NELSON, Florida
JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire MARIA CANTWELL, Washington
FRANK LAUTENBERG, New Jersey
Jeanne Bumpus, Staff Director and General Counsel
Ann Begeman, Deputy Staff Director
Robert W. Chamberlin, Chief Counsel
Kevin D. Kayes, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel
Gregg Elias, Democratic General Counsel
Calendar No. 249
108th Congress Report
SENATE
1st Session 108-125
======================================================================
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM AND HYPOXIA AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2003
_______
August 26, 2003.--Ordered to be printed
Filed, under authority of the order of the Senate of July 29
(legislative day, July 21), 2003
_______
Mr. McCain, from the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation, submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany S. 247]
The Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, to
which was referred the bill (S. 247) ``A Bill To reauthorize
the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of
1998, and for other purposes'', having considered the same,
reports favorably thereon with an amendment (in the nature of a
substitute) and recommends that the bill (as amended) do pass.
Purpose of the Bill
The purpose of S. 247, the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia
Amendments Act of 2003, is to reauthorize and amend the Harmful
Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998. This
bill would authorize the continuing work of the Inter-Agency
Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia. It also would
require the Administration to develop a prediction and response
plan, provide for local and regional assessments at the request
of State, tribal, or local governments, develop an assessment
of Great Lakes harmful algal blooms, and submit a scientific
assessment of hypoxia in United States waters at least every
five years.
Background and Needs
An algal bloom occurs when a single algal species multiplies
until it dominates the microscopic plant (phytoplankton)
community, reaching such high concentrations that the water
becomes discolored. These blooms are often called ``red
tides,'' but also can appear green, yellow, or brown, depending
on the type of algae. Most algal blooms are considered harmful
because the algae can produce potent natural poisons known as
biotoxins. In addition, algal blooms may produce nuisance
conditions that are harmful because of their impacts on coastal
resources and the local economy. In the past, only a few
regions of the United States were affected by harmful algal
blooms (HABs), but now virtually every coastal State has
reported major blooms, including those that border Lake Erie
where HABs have occurred in recent summers. These blooms can
kill fish and other marine organisms, poison people who eat
contaminated seafood, and cause respiratory distress in
susceptible people due to inhalation of aerosolized toxin.
Nontoxic HABs can cause harm by irritating or damaging fish
gills, shading out other marine plants, or causing low oxygen
conditions. These impacts can affect fishing, tourism, and
coastal recreation.
Scientists offer a range of opinions on what may be causing
the occurrence of HABs to increase. Marine transportation may
have contributed to the global HAB expansion by transporting
toxic species in ballast water. Global climate change,
increased nonpoint source nutrient runoff from urban and
agricultural activities, and the dramatic increase in
aquaculture activities also may be contributing to HAB
expansion. Other new bloom events may reflect indigenous algae
populations that were discovered because of better detection
methods. The potential causal linkage between pollution and HAB
outbreaks, however, cannot be ignored. Increased nutrient loads
to coastal waters may stimulate the growth of algae
populations, which initiates a HAB event. Some scientists argue
that the nutrients channeled to coastal waters by human
activities are delivered in proportions that differ from
naturally occurring ratios, creating conditions that favor the
rapid growth and high concentration of harmful algal
populations. More research is necessary to determine what
causes HABs.
Hypoxia refers to a depressed concentration of dissolved
oxygen in water. Most forms of aquatic life require an adequate
level of dissolved oxygen and when there are deficiencies,
hypoxia, or ``dead zones,'' can occur in the water column.
Hypoxia events are natural phenomena, but they can be
intensified and made more frequent and expansive by certain
human activities. For example, eutrophic conditions caused by
increased nutrient loading may result in increased growth of
phytoplankton and macrophytes, which exert greater consumption
of oxygen when respiring, such as during overnight hours when
photosynthesis is absent, and thus contribute to hypoxic
conditions. Hypoxic areas are more widespread during the
summer, when they may drive out or kill marine animal life, and
usually dissipate by winter. The largest hypoxic area affecting
the United States is in the northern Gulf of Mexico near the
mouth of the Mississippi River, but there also are others of
varying degrees, and they can significantly impair fisheries
production and ecosystem function in these regions.
Hypoxic areas frequently occur in coastal waters where rivers
enter the ocean (e.g. estuaries). Fresh water is less dense
than saltwater and typically flows across the top of the sea
water. The fresh surface water effectively ``caps'' the more
dense, saline bottom waters. This retards mixing, which creates
a two-layer system and promotes hypoxia development in the
lower, more saline waters. Hypoxic conditions can be
exacerbated by high concentrations of nutrients delivered to
the ocean in river water. These nutrients promote primary
productivity that, in addition to causing HAB outbreaks,
contributes to hypoxia by consuming oxygen in the surface
water. Hypoxia is more likely to occur in estuaries with high
nutrient loading and low flushing (i.e. low freshwater
turnover).
In the northern Gulf of Mexico, the greatest algal growth in
surface waters occurs about a month after maximum river
discharge in the late spring, with hypoxic bottom water
developing a month later, usually by mid-summer. Human
activities that increase nutrient loading can increase the
intensity, spatial extent, and duration of hypoxic events.
Storms and tides may mix the hypoxic bottom water and the
aerated surface water, usually dissipating the hypoxia by
autumn. Although the extent of the effects of hypoxic events on
United States coastal ecosystems is still uncertain, the
phenomenon is of increasing concern to coastal States.
The Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act
was signed into law on November 13, 1998. This Act recognized
that many of our nation's coastal areas suffer from harmful
algal blooms and hypoxia each year, threatening coastal
ecosystems and fisheries and endangering human health. To
respond to these concerns, the Act established an Inter-Agency
Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia and mandated the
formulation of the following three national assessments: a
National Assessment on Harmful Algal Blooms; a National
Assessment on Hypoxia; and an Assessment and a Plan for Hypoxia
in the Gulf of Mexico. These assessments--and the continuing
occurrence of HAB and hypoxia events--demonstrate the need for
ongoing work in predicting, monitoring, and mitigating these
potentially dangerous events.
This bill, S. 247, would reauthorize and amend the original
Act, providing funding authorization levels for Fiscal Year
(FY) 2004 through 2008. It also would make the Inter-Agency
Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia (created in the
1998 Act) permanent, require that a Prediction and Response
Plan be submitted to Congress within 12 months of enactment,
and authorize the Secretary of Commerce to assist with local
and regional assessments of hypoxia, toxic algae, and harmful
algal blooms. It also would require the Inter-Agency Task Force
on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia to conduct a scientific
assessment of Great Lakes harmful algal blooms within 24 months
of enactment and a scientific assessment of hypoxia in United
States coastal waters, including the Great Lakes, not less than
once every five years, with the first assessment within 24
months of enactment.
Legislative History
S. 247 was introduced by Senators Snowe and Breaux on January
29, 2003, and it was referred to the Senate Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation. On June 26, 2003, the
bill was considered by the Committee in an open executive
session. The Committee, without objection, ordered S. 247 be
reported with an amendment in the nature substitute. Senators
Levin, DeWine, and Voinovich were added as co-sponsors on July
7, 2003.
Estimated Costs
In accordance with paragraph 11(a) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate and section 403 of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee provides the
following cost estimate, prepared by the Congressional Budget
Office:
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE
S. 247--Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Amendments Act of 2003
Summary: S. 247 would reauthorize the Harmful Algal Bloom
and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998 for the next five
years. This legislation also would extend the life of a federal
interagency task force established to assess the problems of
algal blooms and hypoxia. Algal blooms are unusual
concentrations of algae that produce toxins that are implicated
in fish kills and are considered a possible threat to public
health. They also can lead to other damaging marine conditions
such as hpoxia, which occurs when an algal bloom dies and
decomposes, reducing oxygen in the waters to levels that are
harmful to aquatic life.
This legislation would authorize the appropriation of $26
million in 2004 and $135 million over the 2004-2008 period for
various efforts by an interagency task force to control aquatic
problems related to algal blooms and hypoxia. Such efforts
would include research, education, and management activities
related to preventing, reducing, and controlling algal blooms,
local and regional assessments of harmful algal blooms and
hypoxia, and the development of a prediction and response plan
to protect the environment and public health from harmful algal
blooms.
CBO estimates that implementing S. 247 would cost $118
million over the 2004-2008 period, assuming appropriation of
the authorized amounts. Enacting S. 247 would not affect direct
spending or revenues. The legislation contains no
intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs
on state, local, or tribal governments.
Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated
budgetary impact of S. 247 is shown in the following table. The
costs of this legislation fall within budget function 300
(natural resources and environment). CBO assumes that S. 247
will be enacted by September 30, 2003, and that the amounts
authorized by the bill will be appropriated near the start of
each fiscal year. Estimated outlays are based on historical
spending patterns for similar programs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By fiscal year, in millions of dollars--
-----------------------------------------------------
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION
Spending under current law:
Budget authority \1\.................................. 16 0 0 0 0 0
Estimated outlays..................................... 16 6 2 1 0 0
Proposed changes:
Authorization level................................... 0 26 27 27 28 28
Estimated outlays..................................... 0 16 23 25 26 28
Spending under S. 247:
Authorization level \1\............................... 16 26 27 27 28 28
Estimated outlays..................................... 16 22 25 26 26 28
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The 2003 level is the amount appropriated for that year for activities currently being performed under the
Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998.
Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: The
legislation contains no intergovernmental or private-sector
mandates as defined in UMRA and would impose no costs on state,
local, or tribal governments.
Estimate prepared by: Federal Costs: Susanne S. Mehlman.
Impact on State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Marjorie
Miller. Impact on the Private Sector: Cecil McPherson.
Estimate approved by: Peter H. Fontaine, Deputy Assistant
Director for Budget Analysis.
Regulatory Impact Statement
In accordance with paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, the Committee provides the
following evaluation of the regulatory impact of the
legislation, as reported:
NUMBER OF PERSONS COVERED
The bill would require the development of Federal inter-
agency assessments on harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, as well
as prediction and response plans at the request of State,
tribal, and local governments. It does not authorize any new
regulations and therefore will not subject any individuals or
businesses to new regulations.
ECONOMIC IMPACT
The bill would authorize $26 million in FY 2004, $26.5
million in FY 2005, $27 million in FY 2006, $27.5 million for
FY 2007, and $28 million for FY 2008 in appropriations to the
Secretary of Commerce. These funding levels are relatively
modest and are not expected to have an inflationary impact on
the nation's economy.
PRIVACY
The bill will not have any adverse impact on the personal
privacy of individuals.
PAPERWORK
The bill will not increase paperwork requirements for the
private sector. It requires the development of two one-time
Federal inter-agency assessments: local and regional
assessments to be conducted at the request of State, tribal, or
local governments; and a Federal inter-agency scientific
assessment to be conducted every five years.
Section-by-Section Analysis
Section 1. Short Title
This section states the Act would be entitled the ``Harmful
Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Amendments Act of 2003.''
Section 2. Retention of Task Force
This section would amend section 603 of the Harmful Algal
Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998 by striking
subsection (e), thereby making the Inter-Agency Task Force on
Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia permanent.
Section 3. Prediction and Response Plan
This section would require the development of a Prediction
and Response Plan to be submitted to Congress not later then 12
months after the date of enactment. This plan would be designed
to protect environmental and public health from the impacts of
harmful algal blooms. It would require a review and evaluation
of techniques for predicting HAB outbreaks, identify innovative
response measures, and include partnership approaches.
Section 4. Local and Regional Assessments
This section would authorize the Secretary of Commerce, in
coordination with the Task Force and to the extent that funds
are available, to provide for local and regional assessments of
hypoxia and harmful algal blooms, as requested by coastal
States, Indian tribes, and local governments. It also would
require the Inter-Agency Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and
Hypoxia to conduct a scientific assessment of Great Lakes
harmful algal blooms within 24 months of enactment and a
scientific assessment of hypoxia in United States coastal
waters, including the Great Lakes, not less than once every
five years with the first assessment within 24 months of
enactment.
Section 5. Authorization of Appropriations
This section would authorize $26 million in FY 2004, $26.5
million in FY 2005, $27 million in FY 2006, $27.5 million in FY
2007, and $28 million in FY 2008 to the Secretary of Commerce
for research, education, and monitoring activities related to
the prevention, reduction, and control of harmful algal blooms
and hypoxia. This funding authorization is further allocated
for the following programs:
--National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's
(NOAA) research and assessment activities at the
research laboratories of the National Ocean Service and
the National Marine Fisheries Service: $2.5 million
annually for FY 2004 through 2008;
--Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms
(ECOHAB) project under the Coastal Ocean Program: $8.2
million annually for FY 2004 through FY 2008, of which
$2 million would be used to conduct the scientific
assessment of Great Lakes harmful algal blooms required
under Section 4 of this bill;
--NOAA's National Ocean Service to conduct peer-
reviewed research on management measures that can be
taken to prevent, reduce, control, and mitigate harmful
algal blooms: $2 million for FY 2004, and $3 million
annually for FY 2005 through FY 2008.
--Federal and State annual monitoring and analysis
activities for harmful algal blooms administered by the
National Ocean Service: $6 million annually for FY 2004
through FY 2008;
--Activities related to research and monitoring on
hypoxia by the National Ocean Service and NOAA's Office
of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research: $5 million for FY
2004, $5.5 million for FY 2005, $6.6 million for FY
2006, $7.1 million for FY 2007, and $7.6 for FY 2008;
and
--The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the
Inter-Agency Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and
Hypoxia, to conduct the Local and Regional Assessments
which would be created under Section 4: $3 million
annually for FY 2004 through FY 2008.
Changes in Existing Law
In compliance with paragraph 12 of rule XXVI of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill,
as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be
omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new material is printed
in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown
in roman):
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM AND HYPOXIA RESEARCH AND CONTROL ACT OF 1998
[16 U.S.C. 1451 NT]
* * * * * * *
SEC. 603. ASSESSMENTS.
(a) Establishment of Inter-Agency Task Force.--The President,
through the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources of
the National Science and Technology Council, shall establish an
Inter-Agency Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia
(hereinafter referred to as the ``Task Force''). The Task Force
shall consist of the following representatives from--
(1) the Department of Commerce (who shall serve as
Chairman of the Task Force);
(2) the Environmental Protection Agency;
(3) the Department of Agriculture;
(4) the Department of the Interior;
(5) the Department of the Navy;
(6) the Department of Health and Human Services;
(7) the National Science Foundation;
(8) the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration;
(9) the Food and Drug Administration;
(10) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(11) the Council on Environmental Quality; and
(12) such other Federal agencies as the President
considers appropriate.
(b) Assessment of Harmful Algal Blooms.--
(1) Not later than 12 months after the date of the
enactment of this title, the Task Force, in cooperation
with the coastal States, Indian tribes, and local
governments, industry (including agricultural
organizations), academic institutions, and non-
governmental organizations with expertise in coastal
zone management, shall complete and submit to the
Congress an assessment which examines the ecological
and economic consequences of harmful algal blooms,
alternatives for reducing, mitigating, and controlling
harmful algal blooms, and the social and economic costs
and benefits of such alternatives.
(2) The assessment shall--
(A) identify alternatives for preventing
unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal
agencies and departments with respect to
harmful algal blooms; and
(B) provide for Federal cooperation and
coordination with and assistance to the coastal
States, Indian tribes, and local governments in
the prevention, reduction, management,
mitigation, and control of harmful algal blooms
and their environmental and public health
impacts.
(c) Assessment of Hypoxia.--
(1) Not later than 12 months after the date of the
enactment of this title, the Task Force, in cooperation
with the States, Indian tribes, local governments,
industry, agricultural, academic institutions, and non-
governmental organizations with expertise in watershed
and coastal zone management, shall complete and submit
to the Congress an assessment which examines the
ecological and economic consequences of hypoxia in
United States coastal waters, alternatives for
reducing, mitigating, and controlling hypoxia, and the
social and economic costs and benefits of such
alternatives.
(2) The assessment shall--
(A) establish needs, priorities, and
guidelines for a peer-reviewed, interagency
research program on the causes,
characteristics, and impacts of hypoxia;
(B) identify alternatives for preventing
unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal
agencies and departments with respect to
hypoxia; and
(C) provide for Federal cooperation and
coordination with and assistance to the States,
Indian tribes, and local governments in the
prevention, reduction, management, mitigation,
and control of hypoxia and its environmental
impacts.
[(e) Disestablishment of Task Force.--The President may
disestablish the Task Force after submission of the plan in
section 604(d).]
(e) Prediction and Response Plan.--
(1) Development of plan.--Not later then 12 months
after the date of enactment of the Harmful Algal Bloom
and Hypoxia Amendments Act of 2003, the President, in
consultation with the chief executive officers of the
States, shall develop and submit to the Congress a plan
to protect environmental and public health from impacts
of harmful algal blooms. In developing the plan, the
President shall consult with the Task Force, the
coastal States, Indian tribes, local governments,
industry, academic institutions, and non-governmental
organizations with expertise in coastal zone science
and management.
(2) Plan requirements.--The plan shall--
(A) review techniques for prediction of the
onset, course, and impacts of harmful algal
blooms including evaluation of their accuracy
and utility in protecting environmental and
public health and provisions for
implementation;
(B) identify innovative response measures for
the prevention, control, and mitigation of
harmful algal blooms and provisions for their
development and implementation; and
(C) include incentive-based partnership
approaches where practicable.
(3) Publication and opportunity for comment.--At
least 90 days before submitting the plan to the
Congress, the President shall cause a summary of the
proposed plan to be published in the Federal Register
for a public comment period of not less than 60 days.
(4) Federal assistance.--The Secretary of Commerce,
in coordination with the Task Force and to the extent
of funds available, shall provide for Federal
cooperation with and assistance to the coastal States,
Indian tribes, and local governments in implementing
measures in paragraph (2), as requested.
(f) Local and Regional Assessments.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Commerce, in
coordination with the Task Force and to the extent of
funds available, shall provide for local and regional
assessments of hypoxia and harmful algal blooms, as
requested by coastal States, Indian tribes, and local
governments.
(2) Purpose.--Local and regional assessments may
examine--
(A) the causes of hypoxia or harmful algal
blooms in that area;
(B) the ecological and economic impacts of
hypoxia or harmful algal blooms;
(C) alternatives to reduce, mitigate, and
control hypoxia and harmful algal blooms; and
(D) the social and economic costs and
benefits of such alternatives.
(g) Scientific Assessment of Great Lakes Harmful Algal
Blooms.--
(1) Not later than 24 months after the date of
enactment of the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia
Research Amendments Act of 2003 the Task Force shall
complete and submit to Congress a scientific assessment
of current knowledge about harmful algal blooms in the
Great Lakes, including a research plan for coordinating
Federal efforts to better understand Great Lakes
harmful algal blooms.
(2) The Great Lakes harmful algal bloom scientific
assessment shall--
(A) examine the causes and ecological
consequences, and the economic costs, of
harmful algal blooms with significant effects
on Great Lakes locations, including estimations
of the frequency and occurrence of significant
events;
(B) establish priorities and guidelines for a
competitive, peer-reviewed, merit-based
interagency research program, as part of the
Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal
Blooms (ECOHAB) project, to better understand
the causes, characteristics, and impacts of
harmful algal blooms in Great Lakes locations;
and
(C) identify ways to improve coordination and
to prevent unnecessary duplication of effort
among Federal agencies and departments with
respect to research on harmful algal blooms in
Great Lakes locations.
(h) Scientific Assessments of Hypoxia.--
(1) Not less than once every 5 years the Task Force
shall complete and submit to the Congress a scientific
assessment of hypoxia in United States coastal waters
including the Great Lakes. The first such assessment
shall be completed not less than 24 months after the
date of enactment of the Harmful Algal Bloom and
Hypoxia Research Amendments Act of 2003.
(2) The assessments under this subsection shall--
(A) examine the causes and ecological
consequences, and the economic costs, of
hypoxia;
(B) describe the potential ecological and
economic costs and benefits of possible policy
and management actions for preventing,
controlling, and mitigating hypoxia;
(C) evaluate progress made by, and the needs
of, Federal research programs on the causes,
characteristics, and impacts of hypoxia,
including recommendations of how to eliminate
significant gaps in hypoxia modeling and
monitoring data; and
(D) identify ways to improve coordination and
to prevent unnecessary duplication of effort
among Federal agencies and departments with
respect to research on hypoxia.
* * * * * * *
SEC. 605. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of
Commerce for research, education, and monitoring activities
related to the prevention, reduction, and control of harmful
algal blooms and hypoxia, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1999,
$18,250,000 for fiscal year 2000, [and] $19,000,000 for fiscal
year 2001, $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2004, $26,500,000 for
fiscal year 2005, $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, $27,500,000
for fiscal year 2007, and $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 to
remain available until expended. The Secretary shall consult
with the States on a regular basis regarding the development
and implementation of the activities authorized under this
section. Of such amounts for each fiscal year--
(1) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1999, $1,500,000 for
fiscal year 2000, [and] $2,000,000 for fiscal year
[2001] 2001 and $2,500,000 for each of fiscal years
2004 through 2008 may be used to enable the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out
research and assessment activities, including
procurement of necessary research equipment, at
research laboratories of the National Ocean Service and
the National Marine Fisheries Service;
(2) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $5,500,000 for
fiscal year 2000, [and] $5,500,000 for fiscal year
[2001] 2001, and $8,200,000, of which $2,000,000 shall
be used for the research program described in section
603(g)(2)(B), for each of fiscal years 2004 through
2008 may be used to carry out the Ecology and
Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) project
under the Coastal Ocean Program established under
section 201(c) of Public Law 102-567;
(3) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $2,000,000 for
fiscal year 2000, [and] $2,000,000 for fiscal year
[2001] 2001, $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2004,
$3,000,000 for fiscal year 2005, $3,000,000 for fiscal
year 2006, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, and
$3,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, may be used by the
National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration to carry out a peer-reviewed
research project on management measures that can be
taken to prevent, reduce, control, and mitigate harmful
algal [blooms;] blooms and to implement section 603(e);
(4) $5,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999,
2000, and [2001] 2001, and $6,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2004 through 2008, may be used to carry
out Federal and State annual monitoring and analysis
activities for harmful algal blooms administered by the
National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration; [and]
(5) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $3,750,000 for
fiscal year 2000, [and] $4,000,000 for fiscal year
[2001] 2001, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2004,
$5,500,000 for fiscal year 2005, $6,600,000 for fiscal
year 2006, $7,100,000 for fiscal year 2007, and
$7,600,000 for fiscal year 2008, may be used for
activities related to research and monitoring on
hypoxia by the National Ocean Service and the Office of
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric [Administration.]
Administration; and
(6) $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2004 through
2008 to carry out section 603(f).