The Condition of Education 1997, Indicator 40
Teachers' participation in professional development
Professional development for current teachers includes both seminars offered by schools or school districts and courses affiliated with institutions of higher education. The extent to which teachers pursue professional development while continuing to teach may indicate either the commitment of the teaching profession to improve teaching practice or salary structures that reward participation in professional development.
- In school year 1993–94, 50 percent or more of full-time public school teachers participated in professional development on topics including uses of educational technology for instruction, methods of teaching in their subject field, student assessment, and cooperative learning in the classroom.
- Full-time public school teachers were more likely to participate in activities on all types of professional development topics than were full-time private school teachers. Full-time public elementary school teachers were more likely to participate in activities on four of the five types of professional development topics than were their secondary school counterparts.
- In school year 1993–94, 48 percent of full-time public school teachers received released time from teaching, and 41 percent received scheduled time for professional development. Twenty-two percent received none of the types of support listed.
- Full-time public school teachers were more likely to receive professional growth credits and released and scheduled time from teaching than were their private school counterparts. However, private school teachers were more likely to receive tuition and/or fees than were public school teachers.
- In recent years, teacher induction programs appeared to be more prevalent. For example, public elementary and secondary teachers with less than 4 years of teaching experience were more likely to have participated in a formal teacher induction program in their first year of teaching than were teachers with 4 or more years of experience (see supplemental table 40-1).
Chart 1: Percentage of full-time teachers who participated in professional development during the 1993–94 school year, by control of school; in-service education or professional development topic
Chart 2: Percentage of full-time teachers who participated in professional development during the 1993–94 school year, by control of school; type of support received for in-service education or professional development
Percentage of full-time teachers who participated in professional
development during the 1993-94 school year, by topic, type of
support received, and control and level of school
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Public Private
Professional development topic -------------------------- ---------------------------
and type of support received Total Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary
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In-service education or professional development topic
Uses of educational technology for instruction 50.1 49.7 50.7 34.3 32.8 38.5
Methods of teaching in specific subject field 64.4 69.7 55.0 59.8 63.1 50.8
In-depth study in specific field 30.1 31.6 27.5 25.9 24.7 29.2
Student assessment 52.0 55.4 45.8 40.4 42.5 34.7
Cooperative learning in the classroom 51.5 52.7 49.2 43.6 45.5 38.5
Type of support received during the 1993-94 school year for in-service education or professional development
Released time from teaching 48.1 50.7 43.5 41.7 42.6 39.2
Scheduled time 40.7 43.6 35.4 36.3 37.1 34.3
Travel and/or per diem expenses 23.3 21.2 26.9 21.1 19.8 24.6
Tuition and/or fees 23.0 24.3 20.7 35.3 36.0 33.3
Professional growth credits 32.7 34.8 28.9 26.0 27.7 21.3
None of the above 22.2 19.4 27.1 26.0 25.1 28.4
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NOTE: Excludes a small number of teachers whose schools
did not respond to the questionnaire.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for
Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey, 1993-94 (Teacher Questionnaire).
Table 40-1: Percentage of teachers who participated in a formal teacher induction or a master or mentor program, by years of teaching experience and control and level of school: 1994
Table 40-2: Percentage of teachers who participated in professional development activities during the 1993-94 school year, by topic, type of support and activity, outcomes, and level, control and urbanicity of school
Table 40-3: Percentage of public teachers who participated in professional development activities during the 1993-94 school year, by topic, type of support and activity, outcomes, level of school, and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch
Table 40-4: Percentage of teachers who participated in professional development activities during the 1993-94 school year, by topic, type of support and activity, outcomes, level and control of school, and school size
Table 40-5: Percentage of public school teachers who participated in professional development activities during the 1993-94 school year, by topic, type of support and activity, outcomes, and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-priced lunch within urbanicity
Table 40-6: Percentage of all teachers who participated in professional development activities, by professional development topic and state: 1994
Standard errors for the text table in Indicator 40
Standard errors for supplemental table 40-1
Standard errors for supplemental table 40-2
Standard errors for supplemental table 40-3
Standard errors for supplemental table 40-4
Standard errors for supplemental table 40-5
Standard errors for supplemental table 40-6
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[Indicator 39]
[Indicator 41]
Sources of Data|Glossary