TITLE:Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering for Crop Plant Improvement
PUBLICATION DATE: March, 1993
ENTRY DATE: February, 1994
EXPIRATION DATE: None
UPDATE FREQUENCY: As needed
CONTACT: Biotechnology Information Center(biotech@nalusda.gov)
National Agricultural Library
DOCUMENT TYPE: Text
DOCUMENT SIZE: 269.9k, approx. 149 pp.
Click here to get to the Biotechnology Information Center
ISSN: 1052-5378
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering for Crop Plant Improvement January 1992 - January 1993
QB 93-24
257 citations from AGRICOLA
Lara Wiggert and Robert Warmbrodt
Biotechnology Information Center
March 1993
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Wiggert, Lara
Biotechnology : genetic engineering for crop plant
improvement.
(Quick Bibliography series ; 93-24)
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Description
OR SACCHAROMYCES OR CHLAMYDOMONAS OR STREPTOMYCES) S5 S4 AND PY=1992:1993
Citations:
1 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 Accumulation of a Brazil nut albumin in seeds of transgenic canola results in enhanced levels of seed protein methionine. Altenbach, S.B.; Kuo, C.C.; Staraci, L.C.; Pearson, K.W.; Wainwright, C.; Georgescu, A.; Townsend, J. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan. Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18 (2): p. 235-245; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bertholletia excelsa; Brassica napus; Gene transfer; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Albumins; Genes; Chimeras; Gene expression; Seeds; Methionine; Plant proteins; Protein value; Seed development; Amino acids
Abstract: We have increased the methionine content of the seed proteins of a commercial winter variety of canola-rich seed protein from Brazil nut in the seeds of by expressing a chimeric gene encoding a methionine-rich seed protein from Brazil nut in the seeds of transgenic plants. Transgenic canola seeds accumulate the heterologous methionine-rich protein at levels which range from 1.7% to 4.0% of the total seed protein and contain up to 33% more methionine. The precursor of the methionine-rich protein is processed correctly in the seeds, resulting in the appearance of the mature protein in the 2S protein fraction. The 2S methioninerich protein accumulates in the transgenic seeds at the same time in development as the canola 11S seed proteins and disappears rapidly upon germination of the seed. The increase in methionine in the canola seed proteins should increase the value of canola meal which is used in animal feed formulations.
2 NAL Call. No.: QH506.A1M622
Action of the 35S RNA promoter in various organs of transgenic
potato plants. Gartel, A.L.; Avetisov, V.A.; Sobol'kova, G.I.;
Gazaryan, K.G.; Melik-Sarkisov, O.S.
New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1992 Apr.
Molecular biology v. 25 (5,pt.2): p. 1076-1079; 1992 Apr.
Translated from: Molekuliarnaia biologiia, v. 25 (5, pt. 2),
1991, p. 1372-1376. (QH506.A1M62). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Transgenics; Genetic engineering; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Leaves; Discs; Tubers; Fluorimetry; Analysis; Hyaluronidase; Enzyme activity; Plant organs
3 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Activation of a truncated PR-1 promoter by endogenous
enhancers in transgenic plants.
Beilmann, A.; Albrecht, K.; Schultz, S.; Wanner, G.; Pfitzner,
U.M. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(1): p. 65-78; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Escherichia coli; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Chimeras; Pathogenesis-related proteins; Promoters; Pseudogenes; Beta-glucuronidase; Reporter genes; Gene expression; Histoenzymology; Enzyme activity; Controlling elements
Abstract: PR-1 genes are induced by various environmental stimuli such as pathogen attack or exposure of the plants to certain chemicals. To examine the regulation of these genes, the 5' flanking regions of the PR-1a gene and of two PR-1 pseudogenes were joined by a transcriptional fusion to the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. These constructs were stably integrated into the tobacco genome and independent primary transformants were monitored for the expression of the reporter gene. Unexpectedly, out of 55 transformants analysed, four plants exhibited considerable GUS activities without any inductive treatment of the plants. Expression of the endogenous PR-1 genes, however, could not be detected in these plants. Primer extension analyses revealed correct initiation of the PR1/GUS hybrid transcripts from the PT-1a TATA box. When the plants were analysed at the cellular level, clear differences regarding the tissue specificity of expression of the reporter gene were observed. These results strongly suggest that the PR1/GUS hybrid promoter expression cassettes may be activated when integrated in the vicinity of heterologous enhancer elements dispersed in the tobacco genome. In order to support this hypothesis, domain B of the enhancer of the 35S RNA promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) was fused to various PR1/GUS hybrid genes upstream as well as downstream from the RNA start site. These constructs were stably introduced into the tobacco genome. In any primary transformant analysed, strong GUS activities were observed with the PR1/GUS hybrid RNAs originating from the normal transcription start site of the PR-1a gene. The tissue specificity of gene expression was identical to that described previously for the CaMV 35S domain B enhancer element. Thus, modulations of the transcriptional activity of the PR-1 promoter can be achieved by heterologous enhancers in transgenic plants and may be encountered upon random integration of PR-1 promoter constructs into
4 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
The activation process of Arabidopsis thaliana A1 gene
encoding the translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha
conserved among angiosperms. Curie, C.; Liboz, T.; Montane,
M.H.; Rouan, D.; Axelos, M.; Lescure, B. Dordrecht : Kluwer
Academic Publishers; 1992 Apr.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(6): p. 1083-1089; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum; Zea mays; Brassica campestris; Lycopersicon esculentum; Multigene families; Translation; Proteins; Introns; Controlling elements; Promoters; Mutations; Dna binding proteins; Evolution; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Transcription; Nucleotide sequences
Abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana, the activation process of the A1 EF-1 alpha gene depends on several elements. Using the GUS reporter gene, transient expression experiments have shown that mutations of upstream cis-acting elements of the A1 promoter, or the deletion of an intron located within the 5' non-coding region, similarly affect expression in dicot or monocot protoplasts. The results reported here strongly suggest that this 5' intron is properly spliced in Zea mays. We show that two trans-acting factors, specifically interacting with an upstream activating sequence (the TEF 1 box), are present in nuclear extracts prepared from A. thaliana, Brassica rapa, Nicotiana tabacum and Z. mays. In addition, a DNA sequence homologous to the TEF 1 box, found at approximately the same location within a Lycopersicon esculentum EF-1 alpha promoter, interacts with the same transacting factors. Homologies found between the A. thaliana and L. esculentum TEF 1 box sequences have allowed us to define mutations of this upstream element which affect the interaction with the corresponding trans-acting factors. These results support the notion that the activation processes of A. thaliana EF-1 alpha genes have been conserved among angiosperms and provide interesting data on the functional structure of the TEF 1 box.
5 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
Ag-biotechnology companies move forward on heels of the FDA
statement on biofoods.
Lelen, K.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Jul.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (11): p. 1, 21, 22; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Industrial crops; Food biotechnology; Biotechnology; Foods; Food industry
6 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5
AGnews.
San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1992 May24.
BioEngineering news v. 13 (21): p. 2-3; 1992 May24.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Solanum tuberosum; Vegetables; Cloning; Snacks; Transgenics; Polyhydroxybutyrate; Plastics
7 NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.A77 Agracetus licenses technology to Monsanto. Stamford, Conn. : Business Communications Co., Inc; 1992 Apr. Applied genetics news v. 12 (9): p. 14; 1992 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Genetic engineering; Licenses; Resistance
8 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
Agriculture agency seeks to ease rules on genetically altered
crops. Davis, B.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 Sep18.
The Wall Street journal. p. B5; 1992 Sep18.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Crops; Genetic engineering; Regulations; Usda
9 NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.A77
Agriculture/food.
Stamford, Conn. : Business Communications Co., Inc; 1992 Feb.
Applied genetics news v. 12 (8): p. 8; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus var. oleifera; Genetic engineering
10 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Agrobacterium and plant genetic engineering.
Hooykaas, P.J.J.; Schilperoort, R.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 May.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 19
(1): p. 15-38; 1992 May. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Genetic engineering; Plasmids; Dna; Transgenics; Crown gall; Virulence; Genes; Literature reviews; Vectors
11 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Agrobacterium mediated transfer of a mutant Arabidopsis
acetolactate synthase gene confers resistance to chlorsulfuron
in chicory (Chichorium intybus L.). Vermeulen, A.; Vaucheret,
H.; Pautot, V.; Chupeau, Y.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (5/6): p. 243-247; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cichorium intybus; Genetic transformation; Herbicide resistance; Chlorsulfuron; Kanamycin; Transgenics; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Arabidopsis thaliana; Gene transfer
Abstract: Leaf discs of C. intybus were inoculated with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring a neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene for kanamycin resistance and a mutant acetolactate synthase gene (csr1-1) from Arabidopsis thaliana conferring resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. A regeneration medium was optimized which permitted an efficient shoot regeneration from leaf discs. Transgenic shoots were selected on rooting medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin sulfate. Integration of the csr1-1 gene into genomic DNA of kanamycin resistant chicory plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridizations. Analysis of the selfed progenies (S1 and S2) of two independent transformed clones showed that kanamycin and chlorsulfuron resistances were inherited as dominant Mendelian trails. The method described here for producing transformed plants will allow new opportunities for chicory breeding.
12 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Citrus stem segments
and regeneration of transgenic plants.
Moore, G.A.; Jacono, C.C.; Neidigh, J.L.; Lawrence, S.D.;
Cline, K. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (5/6): p. 238-242. ill; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrus; Genotypes; Genetic markers; Genetic transformation; In vitro culture; Shoots; Stems; Transgenics; Agrobacterium
Abstract: A method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Citrus and organogenic regeneration of transgenic plants is reported. Internodal stem segments were co-cultured with Agrobacterium harboring binary vectors that contained the genes for the scorable marker beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and the selectable marker NPT-II. A low but significant percentage (less than or equal to 5%) of the shoots regenerated in the presence of 100 microgram/ml kanamycin were GUS+. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed that GUS+ shoots contained T-DNA. Two plants established in soil were shown to be transgenic by Southern analysis.
13 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 D49
Altered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that
overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs.
Li, Y.; Hagen, G.; Guilfoyle, T.J.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Oct.
Developmental biology v. 153 (2): p. 386-395; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Cytokinins; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Escherichia coli; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Beta-glucuronidase; Reporter genes; Promoters; Genes; Gene expression; Plant morphology; Plant development; Plant tissues; Plant organs; Histochemistry
Abstract: An auxin-inducible bidirectional promoter from the soybean SAUR gene locus was fused to a reporter gene in one direction and a cytokinin biosynthetic gene in the opposite direction and the expression of these fused genes was examined in transgenic tobacco. The Escherichia coli uidA gene, which encodes the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUS), was used as the reporter gene and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene, which encodes the enzyme isopentenyl transferase, was used as the cytokinin biosynthetic gene. These constructs allowed the overproduction of cytokinins in tobacco in a tissue-and organspecific manner. Localized overproduction of cytokinins was monitored using the GUS reporter gene and measured by an ELISA assay. The tissue- and organ-specific overproduction of cytokinins produced a number of morphological and physiological changes, including stunting, loss of apical dominance, reduction in root initiation and growth, either acceleration or prolonged delayed senescence in leaves depending on the growth conditions, adventitious shoot formation from unwounded leaf veins and petioles, altered nutrient distribution, and abnormal tissue development in stems. While some of these morphological changes result directly from the localized overproduction of cytokinins, other changes probably result from the mobilization of plant nutrients to tissues rich in cytokinins.
14 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 F7398
Altering fatty acid metabolism in plants.
Hildebrand, D.F.
Chicago, Ill. : Institute of Food Technologists; 1992 Apr.
Food technology v. 46 (4): p. 71-74; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fatty acids; Lipid metabolism; Plant tissues; Genetic engineering; Food quality; Biosynthesis; Peroxidation
Abstract: The manipulation of fatty acid metabolism in plant tissues by genetic engineering can improve food quality in a variety of ways.
15 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532
An antisense gene stimulates ethylene hormone production
during tomaot fruit ripening.
Penarrubia, L.; Aguilar, M.; Margossian, L.; Fischer, R.L.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Jun. The Plant cell v. 4 (6): p. 681-687; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Antisense DNA; Oxidoreductases; Plant proteins; Structural genes; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Ethylene production; Fruits; Ripening
Abstract: The ripening of many fruits is controlled by an increase in ethylene hormone concentration. E8 is a fruit ripening protein that is related to the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway, 1- aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) oxidase. To determine the function of E8, we have transformed tomato plants with an E8 antisense gene. We show here that the antisense gene inhibits the accumulation of E8 protein during ripening. Whereas others have shown that reduction of ACC oxidase results in reduced levels of ethylene biosynthesis, we find that reduction of the related E8 protein produces the opposite effect, an increase in ethylene evolution specifically during the ripening of detached fruit. Thus, E8 has a negative effect on ethylene production in fruit.
16 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 An antisense pectin methylesterase gene alters pectin chemistry and soluble solids in tomato fruit. Tieman, D.M.; Harriman, R.W.; Ramamohan, G.; Handa, A.K. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Jun. The Plant cell v. 4 (6): p. 667-679; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Antisense DNA; Pectinesterase; Structural genes; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Enzyme activity; Fruits; Ripening; Pectins; Carbohydrate metabolism; Chemical reactions; Polyuronides; Cell walls; Agronomic characteristics; Inheritance
Abstract: Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.11) demethoxylates pectins and is believed to be involved in degradation of pectic cell wall components by polygalacturonase in ripening tomato fruit. We have introduced antisense and sense chimeric PME genes into tomato to elucidate the role of PME in fruit development and ripening. Fruits from transgenic plants expressing high levels of antisense PME RNA showed < 10% of wild-type PME enzyme activity and undetectable levels of PME protein and mRNA. Lower PME enzyme activity in fruits from transgenic plants was associated with an increased molecular weight and methylesterification of pectins and decreased levels of total and chelator soluble polyuronides in cell walls. The fruits of transgenic plants also contained higher levels of soluble solids than wild-type fruits. This trait was maintained in subsequent generations and segregated in normal Mendelian fashion with the antisense PME gene. These results indicate that reduction in PME enzyme activity in ripening tomato fruits had a marked influence on fruit pectin metabolism and increased the soluble solids content of fruits, but did not interfere with the ripening process.
17 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
Antiviral strategies against bean-infecting geminiviruses.
Azzam, O.; Hanson, S.F.; Ahlquist, P.G.; Maxwell, D.P.;
Gilbertson, R.L.; Russell, D.R.
Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
Cooperative v. 35: p. 148-149; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Geminivirus group; Pathogenicity; Disease resistance; Plant breeding; Transgenics
18 NAL Call. No.: S77.I56
Applications of biotechnology to crop improvement.
Warnes, D.D.; Somers, D.A.
Morris, Minn. : The Station; 1992.
Innovations - University of Minnesota, West Central Experiment
Station v. 2 (1): p. 5; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Genetic engineering; Genetic resistance; Herbicide resistance; Pest resistance
19 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4
Approaches and progress in the molecular cloning of plant
disease resistance genes.
Bennetzen, J.L.; Jones, J.D.G.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
Genetic engineering : Principles and methods v. 14: p. 99-124;
1992. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant; Plant pathogens; Plant diseases; Genetic resistance; Genes; Cloning; Horizontal resistance; Vertical resistance; Genetic engineering; Literature reviews
20 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72 Arabis mosaic nepovirus coat protein in transgenic tobacco lessens disease severity and virus replication. Bertioli, D.J.; Cooper, J.I.; Edwards, M.L.; Hawes, W.S. Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb. Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 47-54; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Arabis mosaic nepovirus; Coat proteins; Genes; Rna; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Replication; Genetic resistance; Tolerance
21 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 Arrest of embryo development in Brassica napus mediated by modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Koning, A.; Jones, A.; Fillatti, J.J.; Comai, L.; Lassner, M.W. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan. Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18 (2): p. 247-258; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Nicotiana tabacum; Structural genes; Exotoxins; Gene splicing; Betaglucuronidase; Reporter genes; Plant proteins; Promoters; Genetic regulation; Gene expression; Embryogenesis; Male sterility; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Segregation; Mutations
Abstract: Intracellularly expressed cytotoxins are useful tools both to study the action of plant regulatory sequences in transgenic plants and to modify plant phenotype. We have engineered a low mammalian toxicity derivative of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A for intracellular expression in plant cells by fusing the ADP ribosylating domain of the exotoxin gene to plant regulatory sequences. The efficacy of exotoxin A on plant cells was demonstrated by transient expression of the modified exotoxin gene in tobacco protoplasts: the exotoxin gene inhibited the expression of a co-electroporated betaglucuronidase gene. An exotoxin with an introduced frameshift mutation was also effective at inhibiting beta-glucuronidase expression in the transient assay; the activity of the frameshifted gene was presumably a result of frameshifting during translation or initiation of translation at a codon other than AUG. When fused to napin regulatory sequences, the exotoxin gene specifically arrested embryo development in the seeds of transgenic Brassica napus plants concomitant with the onset of napin expression. The napin/exotoxin chimeric gene did not have the same pattern of expression in tobacco as in B. napus; in addition to exhibiting an inhibition of seed development, the transgenic tobacco plants were male-sterile.
22 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4
Assembly of anitbodies and mutagenized variants in transgenic
plants and plant cell cultures.
Hiatt, A.; Tang, Y.; Weiser, W.; Hein, M.B.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
Genetic engineering : Principles and methods v. 14: p. 49-64;
1992. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Genetic engineering; Vectors; Gene expression; Immunoglobulins; Immunoglobulin structural genes; Genes; Antibodies; Induced mutations; Literature reviews; Mutagenesis; Protein secretion; Callus; Cell culture; Protoplasts
23 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
Austrian team transfers gene to fruit trees.
DePalma, A.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Apr15.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (6): p. 1, 25; 1992 Apr15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prunus armeniaca; Plum pox potyvirus; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Coat proteins; Genes; Gene transfer; Gene expression; Transgenics; Genetic resistance; Plant diseases
24 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554 no.5
Barley genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and
biotechnology. Shewry, Peter R.
Wallingford, Oton, UK : C.A.B. International,; 1992.
xiii, 610 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm. (Biotechnology in
agriculture series ; 5). Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Barley; Amino acid sequence
25 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Behavior, growth, survival, and plant injury by Heliothis
virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic Bt
cottons.
Benedict, J.H.; Altman, D.W.; Umbeck, P.F.; Ring, D.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 589-593; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Genotypes; Pest resistance; Transgenics; Crop damage; Heliothis virescens; Larvae; Feeding behavior; Growth; Survival
Abstract: Six cotton lines were evaluated for resistance to tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (F.), in two glasshouse experiments. The cotton lines were four transgenic somaclones carrying the delta-endotoxin gene (Bt) from Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki and a marker gene (NPTII), and two control lines without the Bt gene (one transgenic control carrying only the NPTII gene, an antibiotic resistance marker gene, and one nontransgenic control). In a behavior experiment, the lines were evaluated for their influence on feeding, resting, locomotion, and spin-down (i.e., leaving the plant on a silken thread) behaviors of third-instar H. virescens. The percentage of time larvae were observed in spin-down behavior was significantly greater on one somaclone carrying the Bt gene than for the nontransgenic 'Coker 312' control. No significant differences were observed in percentage of time larvae spent feeding or resting, or in the occurrence of larvae on flower bud, leaf, or stem-petiole on the six lines. However, more larvae were found in the terminals of one somaclone carrying the BT/NPTII genes than for the 'Coker 312' control. In a second experiment, neonates were confined on the six cotton lines for 10 d to compare larval growth, survival, and plant injury. Larval weight (fresh) and injury to small bolls were reduced on one somaclone carrying the Bt gene compared with the nontransgenic control. However, flower bud injury was not different among the six lines. These data suggest that the transgenic Bt lines were not expressing the delta-endotoxin at levels sufficient to have a relatively large influence on larval behavior, growth, survival, or plant damage.
26 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P68
Behaviour of the maize transposable element Ac in Arabidopsis
thaliana. Dean, C.; Sjodin, C.; Page, T.; Jones, J.; Lister,
C.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers and BIOS Scientific
Publishers; 1992 Jan.
The plant journal v. 2 (1): p. 69-81; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; Transgenics; Transposable elements; Genetic analysis; Genotypes; Phenotypes; Gene mapping
27 NAL Call. No.: SB608.G6B375 1992
Biotechnology: a new weapon against barley yellow dwarf virus.
Vincent, J.R.; Lister, R.M.; Ueng, P.P.; Wen, F.; Lei, C.H.;
Klein, R.E.; Larkin, B.A.
Aleppo, Syria : ICARDA; 1992.
Barley yellow dwarf in West Asia and North Africa :
proceedings of a workshop organized by the ICARDA and IDRC
held in Rabat, Morocco, 19-21 November 1989 / editors A.
Comeau, K.M. Makkouk. p. 189-196; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus; Genome analysis; Serotypes; Disease resistance; Biotechnology; Plant breeding
28 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563K57 1992
Biotechnology and sustainable agriculture.
Kirschenmann, Frederick
1992?; 1992.
14 p. ; 28 cm. Caption title. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sustainable agriculture; Biotechnology
29 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Biotechnology: feeding the world?.
Hodgson, J.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jan.
Bio/technology v. 10 (1): p. 47, 49-50; 1992 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food crops; Genetic engineering; Biotechnology; International organizations; International cooperation; Research projects
30 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Biotechnology: genetic engineering for crop plant improvement-
-January 1991-March 1992.
Warmbrodt, R.D.; Wiggert, L.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 May.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-48): 108 p.; 1992
May. Updates QB 91-107. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Genetic engineering; Plant breeding; Crops; Biotechnology; Bibliographies
31 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563G54 1992
Biotechnology in agriculture the next decade.
Glass, David J.; Lindemann, Julianne
Burlington, Mass. : Decision Resources,; 1992.
xiii, 176 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (DR reports). February 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agricultural biotechnology; Plant biotechnology; Animal biotechnology; Biotechnology industries
32 NAL Call. No.: A00040
Biotechnology's coming of age.
Dutton, G.
New York, N.Y. : Schnell Pub. Co. :.; 1992 May.
Chemical business v. 14 (5): p. 19-21; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Pest resistance; Crops; Bacillus thuringiensis; Product development; Pesticides; Biodegradation
33 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532
Both internal and external regulatory elements control
expression of the pea fed-1 gene in transgenic tobacco
seedlings.
Gallo-Meagher, M.; Sowinski, D.A.; Elliott, R.C.; Thompson,
W.F. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists;
1992 Apr. The Plant cell v. 4 (4): p. 389-395; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Nicotiana tabacum; Controlling elements; Gene expression; Ferredoxin; Structural genes; Genetic regulation; Light; Etiolation; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Messenger RNA; Promoters; Leaves; Roots; Seedlings
Abstract: In previous studies using leaves of light-grown transgenic tobacco plants, we have shown that sequences located within the transcribed region of the pea Fed-1 gene (encoding ferredoxin 1) are major cis-acting determinants of light-regulated mRNA accumulation. However, we show here that these internal sequences are less important for the Fed-1 light response in etiolated tobacco seedlings than they are in green leaves and that upstream elements confer organ specificity and contribute significantly to Fed-1 light responses in etiolated material. Light effects mediated by upstream response elements are thus most pronounced during the initial induction of gene activity, whereas internal elements play a more prominent role in modulating Fed-1 expression once the gene is already active.
34 NAL Call. No.: A00035 Breakthrough should lead to higher wheat yields. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Jun04. Biotechnology news v. 12 (14): p. 1-2; 1992 Jun04.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Genetic engineering; Micromanipulation; Herbicide resistance
35 NAL Call. No.: A00060
Building a better tomato.
Dailey, P.
Raleigh, N.C. : News & Observer Pub. Co; 1992 Aug12.
The news & observer. p. E1, E7; 1992 Aug12.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Regulations; Public opinion
36 NAL Call. No.: A00069
Building a better tomato.
Washington, D.C. : The Washington Post Co; 1992 May28.
The Washington post. p. A20; 1992 May28.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Food safety; New products; Genetic engineering; Fruits; Vegetables; Regulations
37 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
Calgene bioengineers new canola oil that could replace
tropical types. Bishop, J.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 Jul03.
The Wall Street journal. p. B8; 1992 Jul03.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Brassica napus; Genetic engineering; Rapeseed oil; Market planning; Import substitution; Stearic acid
38 NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.A77
Calgene files petition with USDA.
Stamford, Conn. : Business Communications Co., Inc; 1992 Aug.
Applied genetics news v. 13 (1): p. 7; 1992 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Regulation; Usda
39 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5
Calgene moves ahead.
San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1992 Sep07.
BioEngineering news v. 13 (35): p. 1; 1992 Sep07.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering
40 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G452 Calgene seeks consultation with FDA on its tomato. Washington, D.C. : Gershon W. Fishbein; 1992 Jun24. Genetic engineering letter v. 12 (12): p. 2; 1992 Jun24.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Polygalacturonase; Food safety
41 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G445
Calgene seeks USDA OK to begin commercial production of
genetically engineered tomato.
Fort Lee, N.J. : Technical Insights, Inc; 1992 Aug.
Genetic technology news v. 12 (8): p. 14; 1992 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Usda; Regulations
42 NAL Call. No.: SB299.J6J6 California biotech firm announces cloning of fatty alcohol gene. Chandler, Ariz. : Silver Thistle, Inc; 1992 Sep. Jojoba happenings v. 20 (5): p. 2; 1992 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Simmondsia chinensis; Genes; Fatty alcohols; Biosynthesis; Cloning; Biotechnology
43 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Cell wall metabolism in barley.
Fincher, G.B.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture (5): p. 413-437; 1992. In the
series analytic: Barley : genetics, biochemistry, molecular
biology and biotechnology / edited by P.R. Shewry. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum; Cell walls; Cell wall components; Metabolism; Beta-glucanase; Isoenzymes; Nucleotide sequences; Genetic regulation; Gene expression; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Malting quality; Seed germination; Grain; Ultrastructure; Evolution
44 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 Characterization of a plant scaffold attachment region in a DNA fragment that normalizes transgene expression in tobacco. Breyne, P.; Montagu, M. van; Depicker, A.; Gheysen, G. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Apr. The Plant cell v. 4 (4): p. 463-471; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Chromatin; Dna; Nucleoproteins; Dna binding proteins; Gene expression; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Restriction mapping; Transgenics; Genetic transformation
Abstract: Using a low-salt extraction procedure, we isolated nuclear scaffolds from tobacco that bind specific plant DNA fragments in vitro. One of these fragments was characterized in more detail; this characterization showed that it contains sequences with structural properties analogous to animal scaffold attachment regions (SARs). We showed that scaffold attachment is evolutionarily conserved between plants and animals, although different SARs have different binding affinities. Furthermore, we demonstrated that flanking a chimeric transgene with the characterized SAR-containing fragment reduces significantly the variation in expression in series of transformants with an active insertion, whereas a SAR fragment from the human beta-globin locus does not. Moreover, the frequency distribution patterns of transgene activities showed that most of the transformants containing the plant SAR fragment had expression levels clustered around the mean. These data suggest that the particular plant DNA fragment can insulate the reporter gene from expressioninfluencing effects exerted from the host chromatin.
45 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Characterization of cymbidium mosaic virus coat protein gene
and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants.
Chia, T.F.; Chan, Y.S.; Chua, N.H.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Apr.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(6): p. 1091-1099; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus; Nicotiana; Genes; Coat proteins; Dna; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences; Gene transfer; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Genetic resistance; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Leaves
Abstract: Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV) is the most prevalent virus infecting orchids. Here, we report the isolation of partial cDNA clones encoding the genomic RNA of CyMV. Like most of the polyadenylated monopartite positive-strand RNA viruses, the open reading frame (ORF) coding for the viral coat protein (CP) is located at the 3' end. The ORF predicts a polypeptide chain of 220 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23 600. Sequence comparison of this ORF to the CP sequences of potato virus X(PVX) and white clover mosaic virus (WClMV) revealed a strong amino acid homology in the mid-portion of the CP, but the overall homology was low. The CyMV CP gene was placed downstream of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the chimaeric gene was transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana. Transgenic plants expressing the CyMV CP were protected against CyMV infection.
46 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Characterization of the gene encoding the plastid-located
glutamine synthetase of Phaseolus vulgaris: regulation of
beta-glucuronidase gene fusions in transgenic tobacco.
Cock, J.M.; Hemon, P.; Cullimore, J.V.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Apr.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(6): p. 1141-1149; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Nicotiana tabacum; Multigene families; Glutamate-ammonia ligase; Recombinant DNA; Betaglucuronidase; Reporter genes; Genetic regulation; Gene expression; Promoters; Transgenics; Nucleotide sequences; Leaves; Stems; Root meristems; Light
Abstract: The gln-delta gene, which encodes the plastidlocated glutamine synthetase of Phaseolus vulgaris, was cloned and its promoter region was sequenced. Primer extension analysis was used to map the two major transcription initiation sites which are about 90 nucleotides apart. A fusion of 2.3 kb of the upstream region of the gln-delta gene to the reporter gene uidA encoding beta-glucuronidase was shown to be expressed in the chlorophyllous cell types of leaves and stems and in the root meristem region of transgenic tobacco. Analysis of a series of three 5' promoter deletion fusions revealed the presence of a region essential for promoter activity between -786 and -327 and regions involved in tissue-specific regulation and light regulation between -786 and +43.
47 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Characterization of transgenic sulfonylurea-resistant flax
(Linum usitatissimum).
McSheffrey, S.A.; McHughen, A.; Devine, M.D.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 84 (3/4): p. 480-481;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Linum usitatissimum; Arabidopsis thaliana; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene transfer; Ligases; Structural genes; Enzyme activity; Herbicide resistance; Chlorsulfuron; Metsulfuron; Segregation; Inheritance; Line differences; Roots; Growth
Abstract: Fourteen transgenic flax (Linum usitatissimum) lines, carrying a mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene selected for resistance to chlorsulfuron, were characterized for resistance to two sulfonylurea herbicides. Progeny of 10 of the 14 lines segregated in a ratio of 3 resistant to 1 susceptible, indicating a single insertion. Progeny of 1 line segregated in a 15:1 ratio, indicating two insertions of the ALS gene at independent loci. Progeny from 3 lines did not segregate in a Mendelian fashion and were likely the products of chimeric shoots. Resistance to chlorsulfuron was stably inherited in all lines. At the enzyme level, the transgenic lines were 2.5 to more than 60 times more resistant to chlorsulfuron than the parental lines. The transgenic lines were 25-260 times more resistant to chlorsulfuron than the parental lines in root growth experiments and demonstrated resistance when grown in soil treated with 20 g ha-1 chlorsulfuron. The lines demonstrated less resistance to metsulfuron methyl; in root growth experiments, the transgenic lines were only 1.6-4.8 times more resistant to metsulfuron methyl than the parental lines. Resistance was demonstrated in the field at half (2.25 g ha-1) and full (4.5 g ha-1) rates of metsulfuron methyl.
48 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Chemical regulation of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin
expression in transgenic plants.
Williams, S.; Friedrich, L.; Dincher, S.; Carozzi, N.;
Kessmann, H.; Ward. E.; Ryals, J.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 May.
Bio/technology v. 10 (5): p. 540-543; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Bacillus thuringiensis; Manduca sexta; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Endotoxins; Bacterial toxins; Structural genes; Recombinant DNA; Promoters; Pathogenesis-related proteins; Genetic regulation; Chemicals; Foliar spraying; Messenger RNA; Bacterial insecticides
49 NAL Call. No.: 472 N21 A
chimaeric ribonuclease-inhibitor gene restores fertility to
male sterile plants.
Mariani, C.; Gossele, V.; Beuckeleer, M. de; Block, M. de;
Goldberg, R.B.; Greef, W. de; Leemans, J.
London : Macmillan Magazines Ltd; 1992 Jun04.
Nature v. 357 (6377): p. 384-387; 1992 Jun04. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Chimeras; Rna; Genetic engineering; Hybrid seed production
Abstract: Male fertility was restored to genetically engineered male sterile oilseed rape plants. Male sterile plants that express a chimaeric ribonuclease gene in the anther tapetal cell layer were crossed with male fertile plants that were transformed with a chimaeric tapetal-cellspecific ribonuclease-inhibitor gone. F1 progeny expressing both genes are restored to male fertility by the suppression of cytotoxic ribonuclease activity in the anther by the formation of cell-specific RNase/RNase inhibitor complexes. Genetically engineered male sterility and fertility restorer genes should facilitate hybrid seed production in crop plants.
50 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4522
Chips, fries will be healthier, Monsanto promises.
Usdin, S.
Washington, D.C. : King Pub. Group; 1992 Aug24.
Biotech daily v. 1 (10): p. 2; 1992 Aug24.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Genetic engineering; Food quality; New products
51 NAL Call. No.: QK1.C83
Chromosome engineering of wheat in China.
Zhensheng, L.; Shui, H.
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1992.
Critical reviews in plant sciences v. 10 (5): p. 471-485;
1992. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Triticum; Plant breeding; Genetic engineering; Chromosome addition; Chromosome substitution; Chromosome translocation; Literature reviews
52 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Coat protein mediated resistance to Plum Pox Virus in
Nicotiana clevelandii and N. benthamiana.
Regner, F.; Camara Machado, A. da; Camara Machado, M.L. da;
Steinkellner, H.; Mattanovich, D.; Hanzer, V.; Weiss, H.;
Katinger, H.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (1): p. 30-33; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Plum pox potyvirus; Plant breeding; Disease resistance; Gene transfer
Abstract: Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants expressing the coat protein of Plum Pox Virus under the control of the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus were engineered by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. The phenomenon of virus resistance was observed at different levels when transgenic plants, expressing the coat protein and control plants were compared after challenge infection with Plum Pox Virus. N. clevelandii coat protein transgenic plants circumvent virus accumulation. After an initial increase in virus titer similar to the control plants, some coat protein expressing plants showed a reduced accumulation of virus and inhibition of the systemic spread, characterized by decrease of the virus titer and formation of new symptomless leaves. In other N. clevelandii coat protein expressing plants virus accumulation was inhibited and disease symptoms never appeared. N. benthamiana coat protein expressing plants were also protected. After a temporary virus accumulation, virus titer decreased without the appearance of symptoms with the exception of a few plants, which showed a delay of thirty days in the development of symptoms post challenge infection.
53 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 The commelina yellow mottle virus promoter is a strong promoter in vascular and reproductive tissues. Medberry, S.L.; Lockhart, B.E.L.; Olszewski, N.E. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Feb. The Plant cell v. 4 (2): p. 185-192; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Unclassified plant viruses; Promoters; Recombinant DNA; Beta-glucuronidase; Reporter genes; Gene expression; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Nicotiana tabacum; Zea mays; Phloem; Parenchyma; Anthers; Cell suspensions; Leaves; Flowers; Nucleotide sequences
Abstract: Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) is a doublestranded DNA virus that infects the monocot Commelina diffusa. Although CoYMV and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV; another double-stranded DNA virus) probably replicate by a similar mechanism, the particle morphology and host range of CoYMV place it in a distinct group. We present evidence that a promoter fragment isolated from CoYMV confers a tissuespecific pattern of expression that is different from that conferred by the CaMV 35S promoter. When the CoYMV promoter is used to drive expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in stably transformed tobacco plants, beta-glucuronidase activity occurs primarily in the phloem, the phloem-associated cells, and the axial parenchyma of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Activity is also detected throughout the anther, with highest activity in the tapetum. In contrast, the CaMV 35S promoter is active in most cell types. The CoYMV promoter is a strong promoter, and when the activity of the CoYMV promoter is compared with that of a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter is 30% as active in tobacco suspension cells and up to 25% as active in maize suspension cells. These properties of the CoYMV promoter make it potentially useful for high-level expression of engineered genes in vascular cells.
54 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5
Competition looms in tomato field.
San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1992 Jul18.
BioEngineering news v. 13 (28): p. 1; 1992 Jul18.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Ripening; Transgenics; Usda; Food safety; Regulations
55 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Constitutive expression of the beta-phaseolin gene in
different tissues of transgenic alfalfa does not ensure
phaseolin accumulation in non-seed tissue. Bagga, S.; Sutton,
D.; Kemp, J.D.; Sengupta-Gopalan, C.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Sep.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 19
(6): p. 951-958; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Medicago sativa; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Structural genes; Multigene families; Introns; Exons; Phaseolin; Recombinant DNA; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Promoters; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Seeds; Roots; Root nodules; Leaves; Stems; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Ligases
Abstract: Phaseolin is a glycoprotein that constitutes the major storage protein in bean seeds. The phaseolin gene promoters function in a seed-specific manner. In an attempt to understand if events following transcription of the gene also contribute to the seed-specific accumulation of the phaseolin protein, we studied the effect of substituting the constitutive CaMV-35S promoter for the beta-phaseolin gene promoter on expression of the phaseolin gene in different plant organs. A chimeric gene consisting of the 35S promoter, the coding sequence of the beta-phaseolin gene (all five introns and six exons) and the 3'-flanking region of the betaphaseolin gene, was introduced into alfalfa via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. While all organs examined shared high levels of phaseolin transcripts, the only organ that showed significant accumulation of the phaseolin protein were the mature seeds. Co-migration of the major immunoreactive polypeptides from the non-seed organs with the authentic beta-phaseolin polypeptides on SDS-PAGE indicates that the protein in non-seed organs undergoes correct post-translational processing and modification, but are more unstable in a non-seed environment.
56 NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4
Construction of a chimeric viral gene expressing plum pox
virus coat protein. Ravelonandro, M.; Monsion, M.; Teycheney,
P.Y.; Delbos, R.; Dunez, J. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science
Publishers; 1992.
Gene v. 120 (2): p. 167-173; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Nicotiana; Plum pox potyvirus; Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus; Structural genes; Coat proteins; Recombinant DNA; Gene transfer; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Mutagenesis; Messenger RNA; Transcription; Cloning; Vectors; Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstract: The capsid-encoding gene of plum pox virus (PPV) was fused with the leader sequence of the coat protein mRNA (cp) of tobacco mosaic virus by a novel mutagenesis technique which involves reverse transcription of minus-strand RNA [synthesized by in vitro transcription of a double-stranded (ds)cDNA clone], using an ad hoc synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide as primer. The resulting cDNA was rendered ds and cloned into the plasmid, pBluescribe M13+. Transcription of this chimeric construction produced RNA molecules of 1250 nucleotides in length, which were used as messengers in the in vitro protein-synthesizing systems. The major product of this transcript consists of a 36-kDa polypeptide and was identified as the PPV coat protein (CP) by molecular weight estimation and by immunoprecipitation with a polyclonal antiserum to PPV. Transfer of this cDNA via Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plants was successfully performed. Transgenic Nicotiana plants producing the PPV CP were subsequently obtained.
57 NAL Call. No.: SB123.S942 1991 Contributions of biotechnology to plant improvement: discussion. Wallingford, UK : C.A.B. International; 1992. Plant breeding in the 1990s : proceedings of the Symposium on Plant Breeding in the 1990s, held at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, March 1991 / edited by H.T. Stalker and J.P. Murphy. p. 452-458; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Crop quality; Crop production
58 NAL Call. No.: SB123.S942 1991 Contributions of biotechnology to plant improvement: discussion. Wallingford, UK : C.A.B. International; 1992. Plant breeding in the 1990s : proceedings of the Symposium on Plant Breeding in the 1990s, held at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, March 1991 / edited by H.T. Stalker and J.P. Murphy. p. 420-426; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Crop quality; Crop production
59 NAL Call. No.: S530.J6
Cotton in 2000.
Geis, D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992.
Journal of natural resources and life sciences education v. 21
(1): p. 104-106; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Biotechnology; Improvement; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic engineering
60 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
Crop protection research relies on molecular biological
instrumentation. Fox, S.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Apr15.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (6): p. 8, 9, 25; 1992 Apr15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Insect pests; Pest resistance; Genetic resistance; Gene transfer; Genetic engineering; Transgenics; Direct DNAuptake; Bacillus thuringiensis; Genetic transformation
61 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Cucumber mosaic virus-tolerant transgenic tomato plants
expressing a satellite RNA.
Saito, Y.; Komari, T.; Masuta, C.; Hayashi, Y.; Kumashiro, T.;
Takanami, Y. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 83 (6/7): p. 679-683;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Rna; Genetic resistance; Dna; Transcription; Leaves
Abstract: A satellite RNA (T73-satRNA) gave reduced symptom severity on tomato plants when coinoculated with an ordinary strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-O). cDNA for T73-satRNA was introduced into a binary vector (pTOK162) through a homologous recombination in an Agrobacterium tumefaciens cell, and then transferred to leaf disks of tomato. Stable integration and transcription of the cDNA in the regenerants were verified by Southern and northern blot hybridizations, respectively. Upon inoculation with CMV-O, the transformants exhibited very slight symptoms of CMV, grew normally, and finally set fruits, whereas untransformed wild-type tomato plants showed very severe symptoms, and their growth was retarded and formed few fruits. Agarose gel electrophoresis of total RNA from CMV-O-inoculated inoculated transformants detected RNA molecules corresponding to T73-satRNA.
62 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Cutting out a hazard of genetic engineering.
Coghlan, A.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Feb01.
New scientist v. 133 (1806): p. 28; 1992 Feb01.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Nicotiana tabacum; Marker genes; Field tests; Genetic engineering; Usda
63 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72 The development of a variety-independent gene-transfer method for rice. Christou, P.; Ford, T.L.; Kofron, M. New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Jul28. Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (7): p. 239-246; 1992 Jul28. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Plant breeding; Breeding methods; Gene transfer; Genotypes; Transgenics; Plant embryos; Suspensions; Tissue cultures; Protoplasts; Regeneration; Systems; Genetic transformation; Agronomic characteristics; Selection criteria
Abstract: The absence of variety-independent transformation methods has, until now, made the practical application of recombinant DNA techniques to cereal improvement programs very difficult. The recent development of a genotype-independent gene transfer method for rice, using organized tissue, circumvents limitations imposed by embryogenic suspension cultures or protoplast regeneration systems, and has enabled us to recover transgenic rice plants from diverse, commercially important cultivars within eight to ten weeks of gene transfer. This system should provide a route for developing methods of gene transfer into a wide range of cereal crops.
64 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
The development of genetically modified varieties of
agricultural crops by the seeds industry.
Connett, R.J.A.; Barfoot, P.D.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 45-73; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Europe; U.S.A.; Crops; Varieties; Plant breeding; Genetic improvement; Agronomic characteristics; Seed industry; Artificial selection; Tissue culture; Genetic resources; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Protoplast fusion; Intergeneric hybridization; Crop quality; Crop yield; Innovations; Patents; Regulations; Field experimentation; Release; Food biotechnology; Marketing; Environmental impact; European communities
65 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z34 Directed excision of a transgene from the plant genome. Russell, S.H.; Hoopes, J.L.; Odell, J.T. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Jul. M G G : Molecular and general genetics v. 234 (1): p. 49-59; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Bacteriophages; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Recombination; Deletions; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Oxo-acid-lyases; Herbicide resistance; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Genes
Abstract: The effectiveness of loxP-Cre directed excision of a transgene was examined using phenotypic and molecular analyses. Two methods of combining the elements of this system, re-transformation and cross pollination, were found to produce different degrees of excision in the resulting plants. Two linked traits, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and a gene encoding sulfonylurea-resistant acetolactate synthase (ALS(r)), were integrated into the genome of tobacco and Arabidopsis. The ALS(r) gene, bounded by loxP sites, was used as the selectable marker for transformation. The directed loss of the ALS(r) gene through Cre-mediated excision was demonstrated by the loss of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides and by Southern blot analysis. The betaglucuronidase gene remained active. The excision efficiency varied in F1 progeny of different lox and Cre parents and was correlated with the Cre parent. Many of the lox X Cre F1 progeny were chimeric and some F2 progeny retained resistance to sulfonylureas. Re-transformation of lox/ALS/lox/GUS tobacco plants with cre led to much higher efficiency of excision. Lines of tobacco transformants carrying the GUS gene but producing only sulfonylurea-sensitive progeny were obtained using both approaches for introducing cre. Similarly, Arabidopsis lines with GUS activity but no sulfonylurea resistance were generated using cross pollinations.
66 NAL Call. No.: Q320.A4
Discussions of Bt resistance continue.
Cutler, K.
Cedar Falls, Iowa : Freiberg Pub; 1992 Jan.
AgBiotechnology news v. 9 (1): p. 9; 1992 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Pest resistance; Transgenics
67 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4522 DNA plant technology to sell 'Flavr Savr' tomato competitors. Washington, D.C. : King Pub. Group; 1992 Aug27. Biotech daily v. 1 (13): p. 1-2; 1992 Aug27.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Somaclonal variation; Usda; Licenses; Acc; Marketing; Research
68 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488
Eating well: uncompromising interpretations on both sides of
the F.D.A.'s genetic-engineering policy.
Burros, M.
New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1992 Jun17.
The New York times. p. B5; 1992 Jun17.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food biotechnology; Regulations; Genetic engineering; Nutrition labeling
69 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P63 An efficient and reliable method for determining the number of transgenes inserted into transgenic plants. Sanders, R.A.; Sheehy, R.E.; Martineau, B. Athens, Ga. : International Society for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Georgia; 1992 May. Plant molecular biology reporter - ISPMB v. 10 (2): p. 164-172; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Genetic transformation; Gene transfer; Laboratory methods; Transgenics; Genetic analysis; Gene mapping
70 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8 Engineering 2,4-D resistance into cotton. Bayley, C.; Trolinder, N.; Ray, C.; Morgan, M.; Quesenberry, J.E.; Ow, D.W. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Theoretical and applied genetics v. 83 (5): p. 645-649; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Nicotiana tabacum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Alcaligenes; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene transfer; Genes; Oxidoreductases; 2,4-d; Herbicide resistance; Inheritance; Enzyme activity
Abstract: To reduce damage by drift-levels of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, we have engineered the 2,4-D resistance trait into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The 2,4- D monooxygenase gene tfdA from Alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pJP5 was isolated, modified and expressed in transgenic tobacco and cotton plants. Analyses of the transgenic progeny showed stable transmission of the chimeric tfdA gene and production of active 2,4-D monooxygenase. Cotton plants obtained were tolerant to 3 times the field level of 2,4-D used for wheat, corn, sorghum and pasture crops.
71 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Engineering genetic disease resistance into crops:
biotechnological approaches to crop protection.
Harms, C.T.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Aug.
Crop protection v. 11 (4): p. 291-306; 1992 Aug. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Literature reviews; Grain crops; Horticultural crops; Genetic engineering; Disease resistance; Genetic resistance; Transgenics; Plant protection; Phytoalexins; Defense mechanisms; Pathogenesis-related proteins; Genetic improvement; Somaclonal variation; In vitro selection; In vitro culture; Somatic hybridization
72 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Engineering of insect-resistant plants with Bacillus
thuringiensis crystal protein genes.
Peferoen, M.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 135-153; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Bacillus thuringiensis; Strains; Bacterial proteins; Crystal inclusions; Genes; Insecticidal action; Insecticidal properties; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Structure activity relationships; Mode of action; Binding; Toxicity; Pest resistance; Genetic engineering
73 NAL Call. No.: QH431.G452
Evaluation of transgenic canola plants under field conditions.
Arnoldo, M.; Baszczynski, C.L.; Belemare, G.; Brown, G.;
Carlson, J.; Gillespie, B.; Huang, B.; MacLean, N.; MacRae,
W.D.; Rayner, G. Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada;
1992 Feb.
Genome v. 35 (1): p. 58-63; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus var. oleifera; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Agronomic characteristics; Field experimentation; Crop yield; Fatty acids; Seed quality
Abstract: Eleven independent transgenic canola (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera L. cv. Westar and Regent) lines were evaluated in the field. The plants carried a neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) gene for kanamycin resistance that was introduced via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. NPTII enzyme assays, Southern blot hybridizations and progeny analysis, confirmed the stable, heritable integration and expression of the introduced NPTII gene. A number of agronomic characteristics evaluated under field conditions, including maturity, yield, and oil and protein content, were all statistically comparable between the transformed and nontransformed plants. These results indicate that canola can be genetically engineered successfully, and that the Agrobacterium-based transformation system employed does not induce any adverse effects on the intrinsic agronomic and qualitative traits critical to the agricultural industry.
74 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 Exchange of gene activity in transgenic plants catalyzed by the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system. Bayley, C.C.; Morgan, M.; Dale, E.C.; Ow, D.W. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan. Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18 (2): p. 353-361; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Bacteriophages; Recombination; Deletions; Luciferase; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Genetic engineering; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Nucleases; Promoters; Gene splicing
Abstract: The Cre-lox site-specific recombination system of bacteriophage P1 was used to excise a firefly luciferase (luc) gene which had previously been incorporated into the tobacco genome. The excision event was due to site-specific DNA recombination between two lox sequences flanking the luc gene and was catalyzed by the Cre recombinase introduced by crossfertilization. Recombination resulted in the fusion of a promoter with a distally located hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) coding sequence and the excision event was monitored as a phenotypic change from expression of luc to expression of hpt. The efficiency of recombination was estimated from the exchange of gene activity and confirmed by molecular analysis. The relevance to potential applications of site-specific deletion-fusion events for chromosome engineering are discussed.
75 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Expression in transgenic tobacco of the bacterial neomycin
phosphotransferase gene modified by intron insertions of
various sizes.
Paszkowski, J.; Peterhans, A.; Bilang, R.; Filipowicz, W.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Aug.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 19
(5): p. 825-836; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Bacteria; Genetic transformation; Direct DNAuptake; Protoplasts; Plasmids; Vectors; Phaseolin; Structural genes; Introns; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Alternative splicing; Marker genes
Abstract: A plant selectable marker gene consisting of cauliflower mosaic virus expression signals and the proteincoding sequence of bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase was modified by insertion of an intron sequence from a storage protein gene, phaseolin. Correct and efficient splicing of the resulting mosaic RNA was observed in transgenic tobacco plants. The insertion of various linkers or gradual increase of intron size by addition in both orientations of internal intron sequences from another plant gene (parsley, 4-coumarate ligase) had little or no effect on the precision of slicing. The gene activity measured by selectability assay in the protoplast transformation showed that only introns enlarged to 1161 bases and longer caused decreased selectability. The suitability of such mosaic marker genes for studies of RNA splicing, DNA recombination and early events after infection of plants with Agrobacterium is discussed.
76 NAL Call. No.: QH506.A1M622
Extensin promoter acts more efficiently in callus than in
organs of transgenic potato.
Gartel, A.L.; Avetisov, V.A.; Sobol'kova, G.I.; Gazaryan,
K.G.; Melik-Sarkisov, O.S.
New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1992 Apr.
Molecular biology v. 25 (5,pt.2): p. 1080-1083; 1992 Apr.
Translated from: Molekuliarnaia biologiia, v. 25 (5, pt. 2),
1991, p. 1377-1381. (QH506.A1M62). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Transgenics; Genetic engineering; Plasmids; Hyaluronidase; Genes; Transfer; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Roots; Callus
77 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Fatty acid alteration by a delta 9 desaturase in transgenic
tobacco tissue. Grayburn, W.S.; Collins, G.B.; Hildebrand,
D.F.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jun.
Bio/technology v. 10 (6): p. 675-678; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Rats; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Structural genes; Acyl-coa desaturase; Fatty acids; Palmitoleic acid; Phosphatidylcholines; Leaves
78 NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2
Fatty acid biosynthesis redirected to medium chains in
transgenic oilseed plants.
Voelker, T.A.; Worrell, A.C.; Anderson, L.; Bleibaum, J.; Fan,
C.; Hawkins, D.J.; Radke, S.E.; Davies, H.M.
Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of
Science; 1992 Jul03.
Science v. 257 (5066): p. 72-74; 1992 Jul03. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Umbellularia californica; Medium chain fatty acids; Biosynthesis; Dna; Cloning; Amino acid sequences; Transgenics; Arabidopsis thaliana; Seeds
Abstract: Medium-chain fatty acids (FAs), found in storage lipids of certain plants, are an important renewable resource. Seeds of undomesticated California bay accumulate laurate (12:0), and a 12:0-acyl-carrier protein thioesterase (BTE) has been purified from this tissue. Sequencing of BTE enabled the cloning of a complementary DNA coding for a plastid-targeted preprotein. Expression of the complementary DNA in the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in BTE activity, and medium chains accumulated at the expense of long-chain (greater than or equal to > 16) FAs. Laurate became the most abundant FA species and was deposited in the storage triacylglycerols. These results demonstrate a mechanism for medium-chain FA synthesis in plants.
79 NAL Call. No.: A00109 FDA fails to regulate genetically engineered food. Washington, DC : National Biotechnology Policy Center of the National Wildlife Federation; 1992 Jul. The gene exchange v. 3 (2): p. 1, 3; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Genetic engineering; Food safety; Fresh products
80 NAL Call. No.: SB123.3.D5 FDA issues new guidelines for regulation genetically engineered foods. Fort Collins, Colo. : Laboratory for Information Science in Agriculture; 1992. Diversity v. 8 (2): p. 26; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Food safety; Genetic engineering; Guidelines
81 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Featuring a bloatless legume.
Cooke, L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Mar.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 40 (3): p. 8-9; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lotus corniculatus; Tannins; Antibloat agents; Plant breeding; Disease resistance; Genetic engineering
82 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Fertile transgenic rice plants generated via protoplasts from
the U.S. cultivar labelle.
Li, Z.; Xie, Q.; Rush, M.C.; Murai, N.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 May.
Crop science v. 32 (3): p. 810-814; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Cultivars; Gene transfer; Transgenics; Cell culture; Hygromycin b; Genes; Drug resistance; Protoplasts; Genetic transformation; Inheritance; Loci; Linkage; Fertility
Abstract: Toward a long-term goal of applying gene transfer technology to enhance rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding programs in the USA, we initiated a concerted effort to establish a transformation system for the long-grain commercial cultivar Labelle. Embryogenic protoplasts were isolated from immature panicle-derived suspension cultures. A hygromycin resistance gent was introduced into protoplasts by treatment with polyethylene glycol. Up to 6% of the colonies showed hygromycin resistance after 3 wk selection in the presence of 190 micromolar hygromycin B. Plantlets were regenerated from approximately 30% of the resistant calli. All six transgenic Labelle plants that were grown to maturity set viable seeds. Southern blot hybridization and progeny segregation analysis demonstrated that hygromycin resistance genes were integrated into the rice genome and inherited as a single locus or closely-linked loci. We now have a successful procedure to introduce important agronomic traits from other organisms into U.S. long-grain rice cultivars.
83 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Field evaluation of transgenic tobacco containing a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene. Warren, G.W.; Carozzi, N.B.; Desai, N.; Koziel, M.G. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct. Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1651-1659; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana; Transgenics; Lines; Bacillus thuringiensis; Crop damage; Field tests; Heliothis virescens; Manduca sexta
Abstract: Six transgenic tobacco lines expressing the CryIA(b) insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 were tested in 1990 to evaluate their efficacy under normal field conditions. Five of the six CryIA(b) lines tested kept laboratory-reared populations and natural populations of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens F., and tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta L., below their respective economic threshold for the duration of the trial. Little or no economic damage from tobacco hornworm was sustained by any CryIA(b) line and only two lines sustained significant damage from tobacco budworm. Insect control with some CryIA(b) lines was equal to or better than control by standard Orthene and Dipel treatments. In addition, data obtained suggest there may be a positive interaction between CryIA(b) protein expression within a plant and parasitism of Heliothis spp.
84 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Field performance of transgenic potato plants compared with
controls regenerated from tuber discs and shoot cuttings.
Dale, P.J.; McPartlan, H.C.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 84 ( 5/6): p. 585-591;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Reporter genes; Betaglucuronidase; Phosphotransferases; Promoters; Plant proteins; Ligases; Somaclonal variation; Plant height; Crop yield; Tubers; Cuttings; Vegetative propagation; Field experimentation
Abstract: The objective of this study was to separate and determine effects on the field performance of transgenic potatoes that originate from the tissue culture process of transformation and from the genes inserted. The constructs introduced contained the reporter gene for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the patatin promoter (four different constructs) and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene under the control of the nopaline synthase promoter. Both genes might be expected to have a neutral effect on plant phenotype. The field performance of transgenic plants (70 independent transformants) was compared with non-transgenic plants regenerated from tuber discs by adventitious shoot formation and from shoot cultures established from tuber nodal cuttings. Plants from all three treatments were grown in a field trial from previously field-grown tubers, and plant performance was measured in terms of plant height at flowering, weight of tubers, number of tubers, weight of large tubers and number of large tubers. There was evidence of somaclonal variation among the transgenic plants; mean values for all characters were significantly lower and variances generally higher than from plants derived from nodal shoot cultures. A similar change in means and variances was observed for the non-transgenic tuber-disc regenerants when compared with shoot culture plants. Plant height, tuber weight and tuber number were, however, significantly lower in transgenic plants than in tuber-disc regenerants, suggesting an effect on plant performance either of the tissue culture process used for transformation or of the genes inserted. There were significant differences between constructs for all five plant characters. The construct with the smallest segment of patatin promoter and the lowest level of tuber specificity for GUS expression had the lowest values for all five characters. It is proposed that the nature of GUS expression is influencing plant performance. There was no indication t
85 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56 Field resistance of transgenic tomatoes expressing the tobacco mosaic virus or tomato mosaic virus coat protein genes. Sanders, P.R.; Sammons, B.; Kaniewski, W.; Haley, L.; Layton, J.; La Valle, B.J.; Delannay, X.; Turner, N.E. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Jun. Phytopathology v. 82 (6): p. 683-690; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Illinois; Lycopersicon esculentum; Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus; Tomato mosaic tobamovirus; Genetic resistance; Transgenics; Strain differences; Plant disease control; Pathogenicity
86 NAL Call. No.: 500 AM322A Field testing transgenic plants: an analysis of the US Department of Agriculture's environmental assessments. Wrubel, R.P.; Krimsky, S.; Wetzler, R.E. Washington, D.C. : The Institute; 1992 Apr. BioScience - American Institute of Biological Sciences v. 42 (4): p. 280-289; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Plants; Transgenics; Field tests; Genetic engineering; Law; Risk; Usda
87 NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI24
First gene-splice wheat.
Washington, D.C. : Science Service :.; 1992 Jun06.
Science news v. 141 (23): p. 379; 1992 Jun06.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Genetic engineering; Herbicide resistance
88 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5
Food biotech approvals streamlined.
San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1992 Jun01.
BioEngineering news v. 13 (22): p. 1-2; 1992 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Vegetables; Genetic engineering; Food safety; Regulations
89 NAL Call. No.: A00069
For the next course, 'engineered' entree?.
Sugawara, S.
Washington, D.C. : The Washington Post Co; 1992 Jun10.
The Washington post. p. F1, F3; 1992 Jun10.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Food biotechnology; Somatotropin; Milk production; Usda; Regulations
90 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 Functional analysis of the promoter region of a noduleenhanced glutamine synthetase gene from Phaseolus vulgaris L. Shen, W.J.; Williamson, M.S.; Forde, B.G. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Aug. Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 19 (5): p. 837-846; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Lotus corniculatus; Nicotiana tabacum; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Promoters; Controlling elements; Glutamate-ammonia ligase; Recombinant DNA; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Gene expression; Genetic regulation; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Roots; Electroporation; Protoplasts; Root nodules; Structural genes; Deletions
Abstract: The 5'-flanking region of gln-gamma, the noduleenhanced glutamine synthetase gene from Phaseolus vulgaris L., has been analysed for cis-regulatory elements using a series of 5' deletions and hybrid gln-gamma::CaMV 35S promoters. The promoters were fused to the uidA reporter gene and their activities tested in two heterologous expression systems. In the first system, the chimaeric genes were transferred to Lotus corniculatus L. using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and their expression was studied in nodulated hairy roots. In the second system, the constructs were electroporated into tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. The results of the 5' deletion analysis showed that the sequence between -597 and -21 (relative to the ATG codon) was sufficient for nodule-specific expression of the chimaeric gene in nodulated hairy roots, and revealed the existence of at least two positive regulatory elements. Sequences located between -2000 and -597 were able to stimulate expression in nodules but not protoplasts, while the region from -597 to -354 enhanced expression in both nodules and protoplasts. Results obtained with the hybrid glngamma:: 35S promoters showed that two overlapping restriction fragments (-516/-343 and -474/-293) were able to stimulate expression from a heterologous promoter in an orientationdependent manner. Previous work has demonstrated the presence of conserved A/T-rich binding sites for nuclear proteins in the region between -516 and -446, and their possible role in regulating gln-gamma expression is discussed.
91 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 SO83
The future for pasture and forage crops.
Bingham, T.
New Orleans, La. : U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service; 1992 Aug.
Proceedings of the Southern Pasture and Forage Crop
Improvement Conference (46th): p. 8-9; 1992 Aug. Meeting held
May 7-10, 1990, Overton, TX.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Pasture plants; Fodder crops; Plant breeding methods; Genetic engineering; Biotechnology; Molecular biology; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Monoclonal antibodies; Genomes; Mapping; Dna
92 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z34 Gene targeting in Arabidopsis thaliana. Halfter, U.; Morris, P.C.; Willmitzer, L. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Jan. M G G : Molecular and general genetics v. 231. (2): p. 186-193; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Homologous recombination; Deletions; Targeted mutagenesis; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Gene transfer; Protoplasts; Direct DNAuptake
Abstract: Gene targeting of a chromosomally integrated transgene in Arabidopsis thaliana is reported. A chimeric gene consisting of the promoter of the 35S RNA of CaMV, the polyadenylation signal of the octopine synthase gene and the coding region of the bacterial hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt), which was rendered non-functional by deletion of 19 bp, was introduced into the genome of A. thaliana using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. A total of 3.46 X 10(8) protoplasts isolated from 17 independent transgenic Arabidopsis lines harbouring the defective chimeric hpt gene were transformed via direct gene transfer using various DNA forms containing only the intact coding region of the hpt gene. Out of 150 hygromycin-resistant colonies appearing in the course of these experiments, four were the result of targeted recombination of the incoming DNA with the defective chromosomal locus as revealed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Comparison with the number of transformants obtained when an hpt gene controlled by a promoter and terminator from the nopaline synthase gene was employed results in a maximal ratio of homologous to non-homologous transformation in A. thaliana of 1 X 10-4.
93 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Gene transplant gives apricots a riper future.
Seneviratne, G.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Mar14.
New scientist v. 133 (1812): p. 14; 1992 Mar14.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prunus armeniaca; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Plum pox potyvirus; Disease resistance; Genetic engineering
94 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.B54
Gene-altered veggies? 'Not on our menus,' cry New York's top
chefs. Bovsun, M.
New York : McGraw-Hill :.; 1992 Jun15.
Biotechnology newswatch v. 12 (12): p. 16; 1992 Jun15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Genetic engineering; Public opinion
95 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Genes of jeans: biotechnological advances in cotton.
John, M.E.; Stewart, J.M.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 May.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (5): p. 165-170; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Biotechnology; Genetic engineering; Selection criteria; Agronomic characteristics; Crop management; Improvement; Fiber quality; Modification; Genes
Abstract: Cotton is a crop of global economic importance. The impact of advances in cotton genetic engineering will therefore go beyond just altering the patterns of agronomic practice to have a major effect on both economic and social structures. Although the majority of characteristics currently being engineered into cotton (i.e. insect- and herbicidetolerance) relate to improved crop management, the longer-term goals of modifying fiber are to improve and develop novel properties for the product.
96 NAL Call. No.: 59.8 C333
Genetic engineering and hybridization of wheat.
Kureczka, J.E.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Association of Cereal Chemists;
1992 Aug. Cereal foods world v. 37 (8): p. 640-642; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wheat; Hybridization; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Food quality
Abstract: Experts say the creation of useful-new varieties of wheat through genetic engineering requires success in three discrete areas. First, genetic transformation technologies must be perfected for use in wheat. Second, commercially useful genes and expression systems must be isolated and made available. Finally, and perhaps most importantly from a business standpoint, new hybridization technologies must be developed that work efficiently with this normally selfpollinating grain.
97 NAL Call. No.: TP368.T73
Genetic engineering of crops: its relevance to the food
industry. Jones, J.L.
Cambridge, U.K. : Elsevier Trends Journals; 1992 Mar.
Trends in food science & technology v. 3 (3): p. 54-59; 1992
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Food industry
98 NAL Call. No.: Z5322.G4G45 1992
Genetic engineering of plants for improved crop production
(Oct 90 - present) citations from the BioBusiness database.
United States, National Technical Information Service
Springfield, VA : NTIS,; 1992.
1 v. (unpaged) ; 28 cm. (Published search). Cover title. May
92. Report period covered: Oct 90-present. Supersedes
PB90-870874. Includes index. PB92-853779. N06903.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant genetic engineering; Plant biotechnology; Agricultural productivity
99 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Genetic engineering of virus resistance.
Reavy, B.; Mayo, M.A.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 183-214; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Plant viruses; Coat proteins; Plant protection; Viral diseases; Plant disease control; Transgenics; Varietal resistance; Genetic transformation; Genes; Genetic engineering; Rna; Antisense RNA; Genomes; Gene expression; Variation; Genetic regulation; Virulence; Infections; Responses; Symptoms; Genetic resistance; Mode of action
100 NAL Call. No.: QH442.J69
Genetic manipulation of crop plants.
Lindsey, K.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1992 Oct.
Journal of Biotechnology v. 26 (1): p. 1-28; 1992 Oct. In the
special issue: Plant cell culture / edited by A.H. Scragg.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Genetic resistance; Plant development; Herbicide resistance; Literature reviews; Pest resistance
101 NAL Call. No.: SB933.34.U73 1992
Genetic manipulation towards strain improvement of scarab
pathogens. Glare, T.R.; Upadhyaya, N.M.; Mahanty, H.K.
Hampshire, England : Intercept; 1992.
Use of pathogens in scarab pest management / edited by Trevor
Language: English
Descriptors: Scarabaeidae; Insect pests; Molecular genetics; Genetic engineering
102 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8
Genetic, physiological, agronomic and biotechnological
contributions towards sugar beet productivity.
Thomas, T.H.
Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992 Mar.
Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (1): p. 63-68; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Europe; Uk; Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera; Agricultural research; Agronomic characteristics; Biotechnology; Cultivars; Crop production; Cropping systems; Genetic factors; Plant physiology
103 NAL Call. No.: 511 P444AEB
Genetic transformation of alfalfa using the Ti plasmid system
of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Deineko, E.V.; Rivkin, M.I.; Komarova, M.L.; Vershinin, A.V.;
Shumnyi, A.V.K. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1992 Jan.
Doklady : biological sciences - Akademiia nauk SSSR v. 319
(1/6): p. 457-459. ill; 1992 Jan. Translated from: Doklady
Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 319 (6), 1991, p. 1473-1476. (511
P444A). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Gene expression; Genetic transformation; Plasmids; Transgenics; Agrobacterium tumefaciens
104 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Genetic transformation of Medicago truncatula using
Agrobacterium with genetically modified Ri and disarmed Ti
plasmids.
Thomas, M.R.; Rose, R.J.; Nolan, K.E.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Apr.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (3): p. 113-117. ill; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago truncatula; Genetic transformation; Methodology; Transgenics; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Plasmids; Strains
Abstract: Fertile transgenic plants of the annual pasture legume Medicago truncatula were obtained by Agrobacteriummediated transformation, utilising a disarmed Ti plasmid and a binary vector containing the kanamycin resistance gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Factors contributing to the result included an improved plant regeneration protocol and the use of explants from a plant identified as possessing high regeneration capability from tissue culture. Genes present on the T-DNA of the Ri plasmid had a negative effect on somatic embryogenesis. Only tissue inoculated with Agrobacterium strains containing a disarmed Ti plasmid lacking the T-DNA region or a Ri plasmid with an inactivated rol A gene regenerated transgenic plants. Fertile transgenic plants were only obtained with disarmed A. tumefaciens, and the introduced NPT II gene was transmitted to R1 progeny.
105 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54 Genetic transformation of sweet potato by particle bombardment. Prakash, C.S.; Varadarajan, U. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Plant cell reports v. 11 (2): p. 53-57; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea batatas; Genetic transformation; Gene transfer; Gene expression; Genotypes; Chimeras; Marker genes; Transgenics; Callus; Roots; Regenerative ability
Abstract: Transient and stable expression of foreign genes has been achieved in sweet potato using the particle bombardment system of gene delivery. Callus and root isolates of two genotypes (Jewel and TIS-70357) with positive signs of transformation have been recovered. Tungsten microcarriers coated with plasmid DNA (pBI 221 containing the gusA gene) were accelerated at high velocity using a biolistic device into sweet potato target tissues. Histochemical examination of bombarded leaf and petiole explants revealed that most had cells expressing the gusA gene. When explants were cultured, calli and roots developed in most bombarded tissues. Similar results but with a lower frequency of transformation were observed when the plasmid pBI 121 (with gusA and antibiotic resistance npt II genes) was employed and bombarded explants cultured on an antibiotic selection medium. Subcultured roots and calli were positive for gusA expression when tested even after one year of in vitro culture, and thus the expression of the foreign gene is fairly stable. The particle bombardment approach of gene delivery appears to have a potential for generating transgenic sweet potatoes with useful agronomic traits.
106 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
Genetic vegomatics splice and dice with weird results.
Yamada, K.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 Apr13.
The Wall Street journal. p. 1, A5; 1992 Apr13.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food biotechnology; New products; Transgenics; Fresh products
107 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Genetic weeding and feeding for tobacco plants.
Bradley, D.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Jan04.
New scientist v. 133 (1802): p. 11; 1992 Jan04.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Myrothecium verrucaria; Genetic engineering; Herbicide resistance
108 NAL Call. No.: 472 N21
Genetically engineered alteration in the chilling sensitivity
of plants. Murata, N.; Ishizaki-Nishizawa, O.; Higashi, S.;
Hayashi, H.; Tasaka, Y.; Nishida, I.
London : Macmillan Magazines Ltd; 1992 Apr23.
Nature v. 356 (6371): p. 710-713; 1992 Apr23. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Arabidopsis thaliana; Genetic engineering; Transgenics; Frost resistance; Cold tolerance
Abstract: The chilling sensitivity of plants is closely correlated with the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in the phosphatidylglycerol of chloroplast membranes. Plants with a high proportion of cis-unsaturated fatty acids, such as spinach and Arabidopsis thaliana, are resistant to chilling, whereas species like squash with only a small proportion are not. The chloroplast enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase seems to be important for determining the level of phosphatidylglycerol fatty acid unsaturation. Here we report that the level of fatty acid unsaturation of phosphatidylglycerol and the degree of chilling sensitivity of Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsum (tobacco) can be manipulated by transformation with complementary DNAs for glycerol-3- phosphate acyltransferases from squash and Arabidopsis. The genetic manipulation of fatty acid unsaturation is known to alter the chilling sensitivity of prokaryotes, and we have now demonstrated that it can also do so in higher plants.
109 NAL Call. No.: A00109
Genetically engineered food.
Washington, DC : National Biotechnology Policy Center of the
National Wildlife Federation; 1992 Jul.
The gene exchange v. 3 (2): p. 4-8; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food safety; Genetic engineering; Labeling; New products
110 NAL Call. No.: Z5074.B33G4 1992
Genetically engineered microorganisms for improved crop
production (Jan 87 -present) citations from the BioBusiness
database.
United States, National Technical Information Service
Springfield, VA : NTIS,; 1992.
1 v. (unpaged) ; 28 cm. (Published search). Cover title. May
92. Report period covered: Jan 87-present. Supersedes
PB90-872953. Includes index. PB92-853993. N06909.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agricultural biotechnology; Plant biotechnology; Microbial biotechnology
111 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Genetically engineered plants for herbicide resistance.
Mullineaux, P.M.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 75-107; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Herbicides; Herbicide resistance; Gene expression; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Vectors; Biochemical pathways; Amino acid metabolism; Protein synthesis; Enzyme activity; Genes; Amplification; Structure activity relationships; Detoxification; Glutathione transferase; Herbicide safeners; Chimerism; Plant protection; Amino acid sequences; Mutations
112 NAL Call. No.: A00035 Genetically engineering apples, pears to resist fire blight?. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Aug14. Biotechnology news v. 12 (20): p. 4; 1992 Aug14.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pome fruits; Genetic engineering; Disease resistance
113 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
Getting agricultural biotechnology products to the market: how
long does it take?.
Fox, S.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Nov01.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (17): p. 12-13; 1992 Nov01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Biotechnology; Marketing policy; Retail marketing
114 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Glowing plants signal when they are under stress.
Coghlan, A.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Apr01.
New scientist v. 134 (1815): p. 21; 1992 Apr01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Arabidopsis thaliana; Genetic engineering; Stress response; Coloring
115 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5 Herbicide resistant fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained by microprojectile bombardment of regenerable embryogenic callus. Vasil, V.; Castillo, A.M.; Fromm, M.E.; Vasil, I.K. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jun. Bio/technology v. 10 (6): p. 662-674; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Genetic transformation; Direct DNAuptake; Transgenics; Gene transfer; Structural genes; Acyltransferases; Plasmids; Herbicide resistance; Glufosinate; Callus; Regenerative ability; Embryogenesis; Reporter genes
116 NAL Call. No.: A00035 High methionine corn hybrid may end need to supplement animal feed. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Jan17. Biotechnology news v. 12 (2): p. 4; 1992 Jan17.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Genetic engineering; Methionine; Feed supplements; Marketing
117 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
High rates of Ac/Ds germinal transposition in Arabidopsis
suitable for gene isolation by insertional mutagenesis.
Grevelding, C.; Becker, D.; Kunze, R.; Menges, A. von; Fantes,
V.; Schell, J.; Masterson, R.
Washington, D.C. : The Academy; 1992 Jul01.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America v. 89 (13): p. 6085-6089; 1992 Jul01.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Gene expression; Genetic analysis; Genetic transformation; Insertional mutagenesis; Molecular genetics; Transgenics; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus
Abstract: Overexpression of the Activator (Ac) transposase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a minimal germinal transposition frequency of 27% in which independent Dissociation (Ds) transposition events were observed. Molecular analysis of 45 F1 generation Ac/Ds plants indicated that high rates of somatic excision had occurred, and independent germinal insertions were identified in F2 generation progeny plants. A tandem cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter fused to two different Ac coding sequences significantly increased the rate of Ds transposition. The CaMV-Ac fusions activated single and multiple copies of two different Ds elements, DsDHFR and Ds35S-1, and reciprocal crosses resulted in similar transposition frequencies. The improved rate of independent germinal transposition observed makes Arabidopsis an ideal system for insertional mutagenesis.
118 NAL Call. No.: A00043
IBA endorses FDA's new policy statement on foods derived from
genetically-modified plants.
Washington, D.C. : Industrial Biotechnology Association; 1992
Sep. IBA reports. p. 3; 1992 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food biotechnology; Food safety; Regulations
119 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Implanted gene 'castrates' breeding plants.
Coghlan, A.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Jul18.
New scientist v. 135 (1830): p. 20; 1992 Jul18.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Bacillus; Male sterility; Genetic engineering; Heterosis
120 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Improved method for the transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana
with chimeric dihydrofolate reductase constructs which confer
methotrexate resistance. Kemper, E.; Grevelding, C.; Schell,
J.; Masterson, R.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Apr.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (3): p. 118-121. ill; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Dihydrofolate reductase; Genetic markers; Genetic transformation; Methotrexate; Resistance; Transgenics
Abstract: A modified root explant transformation method has been developed that is effective in producing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants which are methotrexate resistant due to the integration of T-DNA vectors containing a chimeric dihydrofolate reductase gene. Molecular analysis shows that transformed methotrexate resistant plants contain the expected T-DNA construct with the chimeric gene. This transformation method also works well with other plant selectable markers, including hygromycin phosphotransferase and neomycin phosphotransferase II.
121 NAL Call. No.: 80 F9464
In pursuit of a better pecan cultivar.
Sparks, D.
University Park, Pa. : American Pomological Society; 1992 Jul.
Fruit varieties journal v. 46 (3): p. 174-182; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Cultivars; Crop yield; Yield factors; Fruits; Thinning; Precocity; Prolificacy; Selection criteria; Yield increases; Germplasm; Breeding programs; Genetic engineering
122 NAL Call. No.: QH506.E46
In vivo import of a normal or mutagenized heterologous
transfer RNA into the mitochondria of transgenic plants:
towards novel ways of influencing mitochondrial gene
expression?.
Small, I.; Marechal-Drouard, L.; Masson, J.; Pelletier, G.;
Cosset, A.; Weil, J.H.; Dietrich, A.
Oxford, Eng. : IRL Press; 1992 Apr.
The EMBO journal - European Molecular Biology Organization v.
11 (4): p. 1291-1296; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Mitochondrial genetics; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Leucine; Transfer RNA; Genes; Uptake; Mitochondria; Gene expression; Mutations; Gene transfer; Nucleotide sequences; Molecular conformation
Abstract: Evidence that nuclear-encoded RNAs are present inside mitochondria has been reported from a wide variety of organisms, and is presumed to be due to import of specific cytosolic RNAs. In plants, the first examples were the mitochondrial leucine transfer RNAs of bean. In all cases, the evidence is circumstantial, based on hybridization of the mitochondrial RNAs to nuclear and not mitochondrial DNA. Here we show that transgenic potato plants carrying a leucine tRNA gene from bean nuclear DNA contain RNA transcribed from the introduced gene both in the cytosol and inside mitochondria, providing proof that the mitochondrial leucine tRNA is derived from a nuclear gene and imported into the mitochondria. The same bean gene carrying a 4 bp insertion in the anticodon loop was also expressed in transgenic potato plants and the transcript found to be present inside mitochondria, suggesting that this natural RNA import system could eventually be used to introduce foreign RNA sequences into mitochondria.
123 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Increased resistance to potato virus X and preservation of
cultivar properties in transgenic potato under field
conditions.
Jongedijk, E.; Schutter, A.A.J.M. de; Stolte, T.; Elzen,
P.J.M. van den; Cornelissen, B.J.C.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Apr.
Bio/technology v. 10 (4): p. 422-429; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Potato x potexvirus; Genetic resistance; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Coat proteins; Genes; Gene expression; Cultivars; Agronomic characteristics; Genetic engineering
124 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Independent transposition of multiple Ac elements in the same
transgenic tomato cell.
Khush, R.S.; Yoder, J.I.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Apr.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(6): p. 1065-1072; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Lycopersicon esculentum; Transposable elements; Genetic change; Insertional mutagenesis; Loci; Gametogenesis; Southern blotting; Transgenics; Genetic transformation
Abstract: To effectively use transposable elements for the genetic manipulation of plant species lacking well characterized endogenous elements, it is important to evaluate the behavior of known transposable elements following their introduction into heterologous host species. One critical parameter concerns the timing of transposition in relation to the development of the transgenic host since this will affect the frequency with which transposition events are captured in the gametes. In order to examine whether different elements in the same cell are differentially active during development, we used Southern hybridizations to assess the activity of Activator (Ac) elements in progeny plants derived from a tomato transformant carrying five Ac's at two loci. All of the elements at one locus transposed in the primary transformant at a developmental stage resulting in the transmission of newly transposed elements to the next generation. In contrast, one or more of the Ac's at the second locus were not active at this stage and were transmitted to the next generation at the original donor T-DNA insertion site. These elements were, however, transpositionally active in somatic tissue. These results demonstrated that individual transposable elements in the same transformed cell can be differentially activated during development.
125 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Indiscriminate use of selectable markers--sowing wild oats?.
Gressel, J.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Nov.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (11): p. 382; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena fatua; Genetic markers; Marker genes; Herbicide resistance; Glufosinate; Gene transfer; Avena sativa; Transgenics; Biotechnology
126 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Influence of transgenic BT cottons on tobacco budworm and
bollworm behavior, survival, and plant injury.
Benedict, J.H.; Ring, D.R.; Sachs, E.S.; Altman, D.W.; De
Spain, R.R.; Stone, T.B.; Sims, S.R.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 2: p. 891-895; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Gossypium; Transgenics
127 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8 Inheritance of a bacterial hygromycin phosphotransferase gene in the progeny of primary transgenic pea plants. Puonti-Kaerlas, J.; Eriksson, T.; Engstrom, P. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Theoretical and applied genetics v. 84 (3/4): p. 443-450; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Inheritance; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Regenerative ability; Callus; Shoots; Organogenesis; Hygromycin b; Drug resistance; Explants; Fertility; Chromosome analysis; Tetraploidy; Plant morphology
Abstract: An analysis of the progeny of primary transgenic pea plants in terms of transmission of the transferred DNA, fertility and morphology is presented. A transformation system developed for pea that allows the regeneration of fertile transgenic pea plants from calli selected for antibiotic resistance was used. Explants from axenic shoot cultures were co-cultivated with a nononcogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain carrying a gene encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase as selectable marker, and transformed callus could be selected on callus-inducing media containing 15 mg/l hygromycin. After several passages on regeneration medium, shoot organogenesis could be reproducibly induced on the hygromycin resistant calli, and the regenerated shoots could subsequently be rooted and transferred to the greenhouse, where they proceeded to flower and set seed. The transmission of the introduced gene into the progeny of the regenerated transgenic plants was studied over two generations, and stable transmission was shown to take place. The transgenic nature of the calli and regenerated plants and their progeny was confirmed by DNA and RNA analysis. The DNA and ploidy levels of the progeny plants and primary regenerants were studied by chromosome analysis, and the offspring of the primary transformants were evaluated morphologically.
128 NAL Call. No.: 450 P692 Inhibition of sucrose enhancer effect of the potato proteinase inhibitor II promoter by salicylic acid. Kim, S.R.; Kim, Y.; Costa, M.A.; An, G. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Apr. Plant physiology v. 98 (4): p. 1479-1483; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Transgenics; Gene expression; Salicylic acid; Proteinase inhibitors; Promoters; Sucrose; Enzyme activity
Abstract: Effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the expression of the potato proteinase inhibitor (PI) II promoter was studied with transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) carrying a gene fusion between the PI-II promoter and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter. As previously observed, the PI-II promoter was inducible by wounding and the promoter activity was further enhanced by sucrose. Addition of SA did not influence the wound induction of the PI-II promoter but significantly inhibited the sucrose response. The 5'-deletion mutant -573 was unable to respond to wounding but did respond to sucrose and SA. The 3'-deletion analysis indicated the presence of a sucrose-responsive element between -574 and -520. A study of the insertion mutants revealed the function of another sucrose-responsive element between -522 and -500. Enhancer effects of these sucrose-responsive elements were inhibited by SA. These studies suggest that SA inhibits PI-II promoter activity by decreasing the sucrose response. Analysis of SA-related chemicals revealed that only acetyl-SA showed a similar inhibitory effect, and other hydroxybenzoic acids had little or no effect on the sucrose enhancer activity. Therefore, it seems that the interaction between SA and the receptor molecule is specific.
129 NAL Call. No.: QH506.E46
Inhibition of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in transgenic
potatoes leads to sugar-storing tubers and influences tuber
formation and expression of tuber storage protein genes.
Muller-Rober, B.; Sonnewald, U.; Willmitzer, L.
Oxford, Eng. : IRL Press; 1992 Apr.
The EMBO journal - European Molecular Biology Organization v.
11 (4): p. 1229-1238; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Nucleotidyltransferases; Structural genes; Chimeras; Antisense RNA; Enzyme activity; Starch; Glucose; Sucrose; Carbohydrate metabolism; Tubers; Plant development; Dry matter accumulation; Plant proteins; Messenger RNA; Hexosyltransferases; Gene expression
Abstract: Transgenic potato plants were created in which the expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) was inhibited by introducing a chimeric gene containing the coding region of one of the subunits of the AGPase linked in an antisense orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter. Partial inhibition of the AGPase enzyme was achieved in leaves and almost complete inhibition in tubers. This resulted in the abolition of starch formation in tubers, thus proving that AGPase has a unique role in starch biosynthesis in plants. Instead up to 30% of the dry weight of the transgenic potato tubers was represented by sucrose and up to 8% by glucose. The process of tuber formation also changed, resulting in significantly more tubers both per plant and per stolon. The accumulation of soluble sugars in tubers of antisense plants resulted in a significant increase of the total tuber fresh weight, but a decrease in dry weight of tubers. There was no significant change in the RNA levels of several other starch biosynthetic enzymes, but there was a great increase in the RNA level of the major sucrose synthesizing enzyme sucrose phosphate synthase. In addition, the inhibition of starch biosynthesis was accompanied by a massive reduction in the expression of the major storage protein species of potato tubers, supporting the idea that the expression of storage protein genes is in some way connected to carbohydrate formation in sink storage tissues.
130 NAL Call. No.: 500 AM322A
Insecticidal promise of Bacillus thuringiensis.
Lambert, B.; Peferoen, M.
Washington, D.C. : The Institute; 1992 Feb.
BioScience - American Institute of Biological Sciences v. 42
(2): p. 112-122; 1992 Feb. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacterial insecticides; Disease vectors; Genetic engineering; Hosts of plant pests; Insecticidal action; Literature reviews; Varietal resistance
131 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532 Interaction of genetically engineered host plant resistance and natural enemies of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in tobacco. Johnson, M.T.; Gould, F. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun. Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 586-597; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Gene transfer; Genetic engineering; Pest resistance; Heliothis virescens; Larvae; Natural enemies; Parasites of insect pests; Survival
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to examine interactions of Heliothis virescens (F.), its natural enemies, and tobacco plants engineered to express low levels of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxin. Survival of H. virescens larvae was measured in response to four treatments: (1) toxin-producing plants exposed to natural enemies, (2) toxin-producing plants caged to exclude enemies, (3) toxinfree plants exposed to enemies, and (4) toxin-free plants caged to exclude enemies. B. thuringiensis toxin-mediated resistance caused a significant decrease in first-instar survival, and natural enemies caused a significant decrease in third-instar survival. Survival of uncaged first instars as a proportion of survival of caged first instars was significantly lower on toxic plants than control plants, indicating synergism of resistance and natural enemies. Among collections of artificially infested larvae, parasitism by Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) was significantly higher on toxic plants than on control plants, another indication of synergism. Among collections of wild larvae and larvae censused in the field, parasitism usually did not differ between plant lines. Larval development of H. virescens was significantly slower on toxic plants than on control plants in two out of five trials. Prolonged vulnerability to natural enemies appeared to provide a mechanism for synergism. However, synergistic increases in mortality and parasitism were detected in two trials when development rates on toxic plants and control plants were equal, indicating existence of another mechanism. B. thuringiensis toxin-mediated partial resistance appeared compatible with natural enemies for control of H. virescens. However, a simulation using a theoretical population genetic model suggested that synergism of the level measured in this study could accelerate pest adaptation to resistant plants.
132 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532
Long regions of homologous DNA are incorporated into the
tobacco plastid genome by transformation.
Staub, J.M.; Maliga, P.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Jan. The Plant cell v. 4 (1): p. 39-45; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Genetic transformation; Dna; Transgenics; Direct DNAuptake; Plastids; Chloroplast genetics; Genomes; Plasmids; Vectors; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Genetic markers
Abstract: We investigated the size of flanking DNA incorporated into the tobacco plastid genome alongside a selectable antibiotic resistance mutation. The results showed that integration of a long uninterrupted region of homologous DNA, rather than of small fragments as previously thought, is the more likely event in plastid transformation of land plants. Transforming plasmid pJS75 contains a 6.2-kb DNA fragment from the inverted repeat region of the tobacco plastid genome. A spectinomycin resistance mutation is encoded in the gene of the 16S rRNA and, 3.2 kb away, a streptomycin resistance mutation is encoded in exon II of the ribosomal protein gene rps12. Transplastomic lines were obtained after introduction of pJS75 DNA into leaf cells by the biolistic process and selection for the spectinomycin resistance marker. Homologous replacement of resident wild-type sequences resulted in integration of all, or almost all, of the 6.2-kb plastid DNA sequence from pJS75. Plasmid pJS75, which contains engineered cloning sites between two selectable markers, can be used as a plastid insertion vector.
133 NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.A77
Majors shift in FDA regulation.
Stamford, Conn. : Business Communications Co., Inc; 1992 Jun.
Applied genetics news v. 12 (11): p. 5-6; 1992 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Fruit; Vegetables; Genetic engineering; Food safety; Regulations
134 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
Make mine bacon, lettuce and (bioengineered) tomato.
Whelan, E.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 May29.
The Wall Street journal. p. A10; 1992 May29.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Food safety; Regulations; Genetic engineering; New products; Fruits; Vegetables
135 NAL Call. No.: 450 P692
Mannityl opine accumulation and exudation by transgenic
tobacco. Savka, M.A.; Farrand, S.K.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Feb. Plant physiology v. 98 (2): p. 784-789; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Transgenics; Pathogenesisrelated proteins; Protein synthesis; Biochemical pathways; Exudates; Quantitative analysis; Genetic regulation
Abstract: Three genes from the T(R) region of pTi15955 were introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to direct the synthesis of the mannityl opines from hexose sugars and glutamine or glutamate. Opines were present in all tissue types tested and accumulated to levels of 100 to 150 micrograms per milligram dry weight in root, stem, and leaf tissues. Opine-producing plants appeared normal with respect to morphology and development. Transgenic plants grown for 60 days under sterile autotrophic conditions produced up to 540 micrograms of the mannityl opines per milligrams dry weight of tissue as root exudates. Opines were also detected in leaf and seed washes from soil-grown plants.
136 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Methodologies of plant transformation.
Webb, K.J.; Morris, P.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 7-43; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Seed crops; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Plant tissues; Protoplasts; Cells; Regenerative ability; Genetic variation; Species differences; Gene transfer; Dna; Methodology; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Vectors; Plasmids; Gene expression; Inheritance; Reporter genes; Marker genes
137 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
Modification of Brassica seed oil by antisense expression of a
stearoly-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene.
Knutzon, D.S.; Thompson, G.A.; Radke, S.E.; Johnson, W.B.;
Knauf, V.C.; Kridl, J.C.
Washington, D.C. : The Academy; 1992 Apr01.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America v. 89 (7): p. 2624-2628; 1992 Apr01.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica campestris; Brassica napus; Gene expression; Genetic engineering; Lipid metabolism; Molecular genetics; Rapeseed oil; Saturated fatty acids; Biosynthesis
Abstract: Molecular gene transfer techniques have been used to engineer the fatty acid composition of Brassica rapa and Brassica napus (canola) oil. Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (stearoyl-ACP) desaturase (EC 1.14.99.6) catalyzes the first desaturation step in seed oil biosynthesis, converting stearoyl-ACP to oleoyl-ACP. Seed-specific antisense gene constructs of B. rapa stearoyl-ACP desaturase were used to reduce the protein concentration and enzyme activity of stearoyl-ACP desaturase in developing rapeseed embryos during storage lipid biosynthesis. The resulting transgenic plants showed dramatically increased stearate levels in the seeds. A continuous distribution of stearate levels from 2% to 40% was observed in seeds of a transgenic B. napus plant, illustrating the potential to engineer specialized seed oil compositions.
138 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Modified wheat paves the way to bumper harvest.
Coghlan, A.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Jul27.
New scientist v. 134 (1827): p. 19; 1992 Jul27.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Triticum aestivum; Genetic engineering; Herbicide resistance
139 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Modifying oilseed crops for non-edible products.
Murphy, D.J.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Mar.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (3): p. 84-87; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oilseed plants; Selection criteria; Non-food products; Industrial crops; Plant breeding methods; Genetic engineering; Genetic control; Molecular genetics; Enzyme activity
140 NAL Call. No.: TX543.F66
Molecular strategies to improve protein quality and reduce
flatulence in legumes: a review.
De Lumen, B.O.
Chicago, Ill. : Scanning Microscopy International; 1992.
Food structure v. 11 (1): p. 33-46; 1992. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Legumes; Improvement; Protein quality; Flatulence; Genetic engineering; Literature reviews
141 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Molecular transfer of nematode resistance genes.
Williamson, V.M.; Ho, J.Y.; Ma, H.M.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Jun.
Journal of nematology v. 24 (2): p. 234-241; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne; Pest resistance; Transgenics; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Dna; Genes; Cloning
Abstract: Recombinant DNA techniques have been used to introduce agronomically valuable traits, including resistance to viruses, herbicides, and insects, into crop plants. Introduction of these genes into plants frequently involves Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. The potential exists for applying this technology to nematode control by introducing genes conferring resistance to nematodes. Transferred genes could include those encoding products detrimental to nematode development or reproduction as well as cloned host resistance genes. Host genes that confer resistance to cyst or root-knot nematode species have been identified in many plants. The best characterized is Mi, a gene that confers resistance to rootknot nematodes in tomato. A map-based cloning approach is being used to isolate the gene. For development of a detailed map of the region of the genome surrounding Mi, DNA markers genetically linked to Mi have been identified and analyzed in tomato lines that have undergone a recombination event near Mi. The molecular map will be used to identify DNA corresponding to Mi. We estimate that a clone of Mi will be obtained in 2-5 years. An exciting prospect is that introduction of this gene will confer resistance in plant species without currently available sources of resistance.
142 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
Monsanto can boost starch in crops to aid industries.
Bishop, J.E.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 Oct09.
The Wall Street journal. p. B6; 1992 Oct09.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Starch; Ethanol production; Genetic engineering
143 NAL Call. No.: A00035 Monsanto researcher genetically engineers higher starch potato. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Sep04. Biotechnology news v. 12 (22): p. 6; 1992 Sep04.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Genetic engineering; Starch
144 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z34
Multiple resistance to sulfonylureas and imidazolinones
conferred by an acetohydroxyacid synthase gene with separate
mutations for selective resistance.
Hattori, J.; Rutledge, R.; Labbe, H.; Brown, D.; Sunohara, G.;
Miki, B. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Mar.
M G G : Molecular and general genetics v. 232 (2): p. 167-173;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Nicotiana tabacum; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Genes; Oxo-acid-lyases; Alleles; Mutants; Herbicide resistance; Chlorsulfuron; Imidazolinone herbicides; Nucleotide sequences; Enzyme activity; Amino acid sequences; Induced mutations
Abstract: The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene from the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line GH90 carrying the imidazolinone resistance allele imr1 was cloned. Expression of the AHAS gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco resulted in selective imidazolinone resistance, confirming that the single base-pair change found near the 3' end of the coding region of this gene is responsible for imidazolinone resistance. A chimeric AHAS gene containing both the imr1 mutation and the csr1 mutation, responsible for selective resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides, was constructed. It conferred on transgenic tobacco plants resistance to both sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The data illustrate that a multipleresistance phenotype can be achieved in an AHAS gene through combinations of separate mutations, each of which individually confers resistance to only one class of herbicides.
145 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 A
mutant lectin gene is rescued from an insertion element that
blocks its expression.
Okamuro, J.K.; Goldberg, R.B.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Sep. The Plant cell v. 4 (9): p. 1141-1146; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Nicotiana tabacum; Structural genes; Lectins; Alleles; Mutations; Genetic regulation; Gene expression; Transcription; Controlling elements; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Promoters; Embryogenesis
Abstract: The soybean lectin gene Le1 encodes a prevalent seed protein and is highly regulated during the life cycle. The mutant lectin gene allele le1 is not transcribed detectably, contains a 3.5-kb Tgm1 insertion element within its coding region 0.6 kb 3' to the transcription start site, and leads to a lectinless phenotype. To determine whether the Tgm1 element or a secondary mutation was responsible for repressing le1 gene transcription, we eliminated the insertion element by constructing a chimeric lectin gene (le1/Le1) that contained the 5' half of the le1 gene and its promoter region and the 3' half of the wild-type Le1 gene. Transformed tobacco seed containing the le1/Le1 gene produced both lectin mRNA and protein, demonstrating that the mutant lectin gene control region is transcriptionally competent. By contrast, transformed seed containing the le1 gene produced no detectable lectin mRNA. We conclude that the absence of detectable transcription from the le1 gene is due to transcriptional inhibition by the Tgm1 insertion element and that this element acts at a distance to block transcription from an upstream promoter region.
146 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.B54 Mycogen to team with Agrigenetics, research bug-proof transgenic plants. New York : McGraw-Hill :.; 1992 May04. Biotechnology newswatch v. 12 (9): p. 1, 3; 1992 May04.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; Genetic engineering; Disease resistance; Bacillus thuringiensis
147 NAL Call. No.: SB123.S942 1991
New enthusiasm for microbial products?.
Brill, W.J.
Wallingford, UK : C.A.B. International; 1992.
Plant breeding in the 1990s : proceedings of the Symposium on
Plant Breeding in the 1990s, held at North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC, March 1991 / edited by H.T. Stalker
and J.P. Murphy. p. 427-435; 1992. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Microbial activities; Agricultural products; Inoculum; Symbiosis; Genetic engineering; Literature reviews
148 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
New policy eases market path for bioengineered foods.
Ingersoll, B.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 May26.
The Wall Street journal. p. B1, B6; 1992 May26.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Food safety; Regulations; Genetic engineering; New products; Fruits; Vegetables
149 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
New technology for cropping systems.
Milbourn, G.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
Annals of applied biology v. 120 (2): p. 189-195; 1992 Feb.
Address of the President of the Association of Applied
Biologists at a meeting held September 17-18, 1991, University
of York. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Crop production; Biotechnology; Genetic engineering; Expert systems; Imagery; Remote sensing
150 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488
No evidence of danger.
Nettleton, J.; Harlander, S.; Dibner, M.
New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1992 Jun16.
The New York times. p. A14; 1992 Jun16.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Food safety; Regulations
151 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 A
novel circadian phenotype based on firefly luciferase
expression in transgenic plants.
Millar, A.J.; Short, S.R.; Chua, N.H.; Kay, S.A.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Sep. The Plant cell v. 4 (9): p. 1075-1087; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Promoters; Chlorophyll a/b binding protein; Luciferase; Reporter genes; Recombinant DNA; Gene expression; Genetic regulation; Messenger RNA; Spatial distribution; Temporal variation; Transcription; Circadian rhythm; Phytochrome; Luminescence
Abstract: A 320-bp fragment of the Arabidopsis cab2 promoter is sufficient to mediate transcriptional regulation by both phytochrome and the circadian clock. We fused this promoter fragment to the firefly luciferase (Luc) gene to create a real-time reporter for regulated gene expression in intact plants. Cab2::Luc transcript accumulated in the expected patterns and luciferase activity was closely correlated to cab2::Luc mRNA abundance in both etiolated and green seedlings. The concentration of the bulk of luciferase protein did not reflect these patterns but maintained a relatively constant level, implying that a post-translational mechanism(s) leads to the high-amplitude regulation of luciferase activity. We used a low-light video imaging system to establish that luciferase bioluminescence in vivo accurately reports the temporal and spatial regulation of cab2 transcription in single seedlings. The unique qualities of the firefly luciferase system allowed us to monitor regulated gene expression in real time in individual multicellular organisms. This noninvasive marker for temporal regulation at the molecular level constitutes a circadian phenotype, which may be used to isolate mutants in the circadian clock.
152 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Outcrossing and hybridization in wild and cultivated foxtail
millets: consequences for the release of transgenic crops.
Till-Bottraud, I.; Reboud, X.; Brabant, P.; Lefranc, M.;
Rherissi, B.; Vedel, F.; Darmency, H.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 83 (8): p. 940-946; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Setaria viridis; Setaria italica; Setaria verticillata; Setaria (gramineae); Interspecific hybridization; Outcrossing; Chloroplast genetics; Dna; Restriction mapping; Chloroplasts; Wild plants; Transgenics; Gene flow; Genetic contamination; Risk; Cultivars; Segregation
Abstract: Outcrossing rates within the wild green foxtail, Setaria viridis, and the cultivated foxtail millet, S. italica, are very low. However, spontaneous interspecific hybridizations in the experimental garden occurred in both directions at rates ranging from 0.002% to 0.6% according to plant density and distance between parents. Offtypes found in farmers' fields where foxtail millet is cultivated were shown to have originated from such interspecific crosses. Differences in the EcoR1 patterns of chloroplast DNA between cultivated and wild plants indicated that reciprocal crosses do occur in the field. These findings indicate that even a largely selfing cultivated species may exchange genetic information with wild relatives at rates that may cause problems if transgenic cultivars are released.
153 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Particle bombardment-mediated transient expression of a Brazil
nut methionine-rich albumin in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Aragao, F.J.L.; Grossi de Sa, M.F.; Almeida, E.R.; Gander,
E.S.; Rech, E.L. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992
Oct.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 20
(2): p. 357-359; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Bertholletia excelsa; Genetic transformation; Direct DNAuptake; Gene transfer; Transgenics; Albumins; Structural genes; Gene expression; Plant embryos; Methionine
Abstract: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) mature embryos were transformed using biolistic methods with a plasmid containing 2S albumin and beta-glucuronidase structural sequences, both under the control of the 35S CaMV promoter. We have shown that chimaeric tissues could be obtained and that both structural sequences were expressed to similar levels.
154 NAL Call. No.: SB732.6.M65
Pathogen-derived resistance to a potyvirus: immune and
resistant phenotypes in transgenic tobacco expressiong altered
forms of a potyvirus coat protein nucleotide sequence.
Lindbo, J.A.; Dougherty, W.G.
St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press; 1992 Mar.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI v. 5 (2): p.
144-153; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Lines; Transgenics; Tobacco etch potyvirus; Coat proteins; Nucleotide sequences; Induced resistance; Disease resistance; Gene transfer; Gene expression; Phenotypes
155 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P68
Pattern of somatic transposition in a high copy Ac tomato
line. Belzile, F.; Yoder, J.I.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers and BIOS Scientific
Publishers; 1992 Mar.
The plant journal v. 2 (2): p. 173-179; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Zea mays; Gene transfer; Transgenics; Transposable elements; Genome analysis; Dna
156 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
PCR increasingly employed in agricultural and veterinary
biotechnology. Fox, S.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Jun01.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (9): p. 6, 7, 9; 1992 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Polymerase chain reaction; Plant pests; Plant pathogens; Plant diseases; Animal diseases; Diagnosis; Genetic engineering; Plant breeding; Animal breeding; Biotechnology
157 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5
Permits for rDNA tests issued.
San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1992 May08.
BioEngineering news v. 13 (18): p. 2; 1992 May08.
Language: English
Descriptors: Field tests; Transgenics; Usda
158 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Phosphodiesterase activities in transgenic tobacco plants
associated with the movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus.
Perl, M.; Gafni, R.; Beachy, R.N.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 84 ( 5/6): p. 730-734;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Viral proteins; Structural genes; Phosphoric diester hydrolases; Enzyme activity; Leaves; Phosphodiesterase i
Abstract: Hydrolytic activities of leaf extracts from normal and transgenic plants, with (+MP) and without (-MP) the movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus, were examined. In the +MP transgenic plants, as compared with non-transgenic and -MP plants, higher hydrolytic activities were found on the following substrates: bis-(nitrophenyl)-phosphate (BPNPP, phosphodiesterase), p-nitrophenyl-(phenyl)-phosphate (PNPPP, nucleotide phosphodiesterase) and thymidine-3'-monophosphate p-nitrophenyl ester (T3MPP; 3' nucleotide phosphodiesterase.) The +MP plant lines, as compared with other transgenic plants, exhibited higher nucleotide-phosphodiesterase activity in the soluble as well as in the membrane fraction. Substrate concentration kinetic studies revealed the presence of a nucleotide-phospho-diesterase with a high substrate affinity in the +MP extracts in addition to the enzyme with a relatively low substrate affinity present also in the -MP transgenic plants. This "high affinity" enzyme could be removed from the soluble fraction by precipitation with antiMP serum, indicating its possible association with the movement protein.
159 NAL Call. No.: QK728.P52 1992
Plant biotechnology and development.
Gresshoff, Peter M.,
Boca Raton : CRC Press,; 1992.
171 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (A CRC series of current topics in
plant molecular biology). Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant molecular biology; Plant biotechnology; Plants; Amino acid sequence
160 NAL Call. No.: TP248.27.P55P53 1991
Plant biotechnology comprehensive biotechnology, second
supplement., 1st ed.. Fowler, Michael W.; Warren,
Graham,_1952-; Moo-Young, Murray Oxford ; New York : Pergamon
Press,; 1992.
xx, 367 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant biotechnology
161 NAL Call. No.: SB123.S942 1991
Plant breeding perspectives for the 1990s.
Frey, K.J.
Wallingford, UK : C.A.B. International; 1992.
Plant breeding in the 1990s : proceedings of the Symposium on
Plant Breeding in the 1990s, held at North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC, March 1991 / edited by H.T. Stalker
and J.P. Murphy. p. 1-13; 1992. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Plant breeding; Breeding programs; Biotechnology; Cultivars; Literature reviews
162 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554 Plant genetic manipulation for crop protection: introduction. Hilder, V.A.; Boulter, D.; Gatehouse, A.M.R. Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992. Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 1-5; 1992. In the series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crop production; Plant protection; Genetic engineering; Food production
163 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Plant molecular biology--moving towards application.
Rochaix, J.D.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Mar.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (3): p. 78-79; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Molecular biology; Genetic engineering; Chloroplast genetics; Genomes; Rna editing; Flowers; Plant development; Genetic control; Biotechnology; Achievement
164 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 A
plant signal sequence enhances the secretion of bacterial ChiA
in transgenic tobacco.
Lund, P.; Dunsmuir, P.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(1): p. 47-53; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Serratia marcescens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Bacterial proteins; Chitinase; Genes; Pathogenesis-related proteins; Gene expression; Protein secretion; Protoplasts; Cell suspensions; Amino acid sequences; Chemical reactions
Abstract: When the secreted bacterial protein ChiA is expressed in transgenic tobacco, a fraction of the protein is glycosylated and secreted from the plant cells; however most of the protein remains inside the cells. We tested whether the efficiency of secretion could be improved by replacing the bacterial signal sequence with a plant signal sequence. We found the signal sequence and the first two amino acids of the PR1b protein attached to the ChiA mature protein directs complete glycosylation and secretion of the ChiA from plant cells. Glycosylation of this protein is not required for its efficient secretion from plant cells.
165 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P Plants transformed with a region of the 201-kilodalton replicase gene from pea early browning virus RNA1 are resistant to virus infection. MacFarlane, S.A.; Davies, J.W. Washington, D.C. : The Academy; 1992 Jul01. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 89 (13): p. 5829-5833; 1992 Jul01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana; Amino acids; Genetic code; Genetic transformation; Genetic resistance; Nucleotide sequences; Pea early-browning tobravirus; Plant viruses; Transgenics
Abstract: The 3' proximal portion of the gene encoding the 201-kDa putative replicase protein from the Tobravirus pea early browning virus (PEBV) can potentially be expressed separately as a 54-kDa protein. Nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the 54- kDa protein, designated 54K ORF, were resistant to infection by purified PEBV at inoculum doses of up to 1 mg/ml, the highest concentration tested. However, resistance was abolished by the introduction into the 54K ORF of mutations that would cause premature termination of translation. This suggests that the resistance mechanism requires the involvement of an intact 54-kDa protein. The 54K ORFtransformed plants were also resistant to infection by broad bean yellow band virus and an uncharacterized isolate of British PEBV (PGRO R) but were not resistant to infection by two other tobraviruses, pepper ringspot virus and the I6 isolate of tobacco rattle virus. Additionally, two variants of PEBV which overcame 54K ORF-mediated resistance have been isolated, the analysis of which might provide important information about both the resistance mechanism itself and the process of normal virus replication.
166 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Plant-transposable elements and gene tagging.
Gierl, A.; Saedler, H.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 May.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 19
(1): p. 39-49; 1992 May. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Plants; Transposable elements; Insertional mutagenesis; Genetic engineering; Genes; Isolation; Targeted mutagenesis; Literature reviews
167 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Potential of plant-derived genes in the genetic manipulation
of crops for insect resistance.
Gatehouse, A.M.R.; Boulter, D.; Hilder, V.A.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 155-181; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Plant protection; Insect pests; Pest resistance; Transgenics; Secondary metabolites; Enzyme inhibitors; Lectins; Plant proteins; Insecticidal action; Genes; Genetic transformation; Vectors; Gene expression; Varietal resistance; Gene transfer
168 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Potential of secondary metabolites in genetic engineering of
crops for resistance.
Hallahan, D.L.; Pickett, J.A.; Wadhams, L.J.; Wallsgrove,
R.M.; Woodcock, C.M. Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB
International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 215-248; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Varietal resistance; Secondary metabolites; Defense mechanisms; Chemical ecology; Genetic engineering; Genetic transformation; Biochemical pathways; Biocides; Toxic substances; Semiochemicals
169 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Practical regulation of woody plant growth and development
using biotechnology.
Preece, J.E.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Jan. Acta horticulturae (300): p. 23-33; 1992 Jan. In
the series analytic: In vitro culture / edited by C. Damiano,
P.E. Read, J.E. Preece, et. al. Proceedings of the 23rd
International Horticultural Congress, August 30, 1990,
Florence, Italy. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Micropropagation; Shoot cuttings; Rooting; Rooting capacity; Somaclonal variation; Biotechnology; Genetic engineering; Genes; Plant growth regulators; Biosynthesis
170 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 Premature dissolution of the microsporocyte callose wall causes male sterility in transgenic tobacco. Worrall, D.; Hird, D.L.; Hodge, R.; Paul, W.; Draper, J.; Scott, R. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Jul. The Plant cell v. 4 (7): p. 759-771; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Petunia; Pollen; Cell walls; Callose; Hydrolysis; Beta-glucanase; Male sterility; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Cell wall components; Plant; Anthers; Enzyme activity; Promoters; Meiosis
Abstract: Male sterility in a petunia cytoplasmic male sterile line has been attributed to the early appearance of active callase, a beta-1,3-glucanase, in the anther locule. This leads to premature dissolution of the callose walls surrounding the microsporogenous cells. We have mimicked this aspect of the petunia line in transgenic tobacco by engineering the secretion of a modified pathogenesis-related vacuolar beta-1,3-glucanase from the tapetum prior to the appearance of callase activity in the locule. Plants expressing the modified glucanase from tapetum-specific promoters exhibited reduced male fertility, ranging from complete to partial male sterility. Callose appearance and distribution are normal in the male sterile transgenic plants up to prophase I, whereupon callose is prematurely degraded. Meiosis and cell division occur normally. The resultant microspores have an abnormally thin cell wall that lacks sculpturing. The tapetum shows hypertrophy. Male sterility is probably caused by bursting of the aberrant microspores at a time corresponding to microspore release. These results demonstrate that premature callose degradation is sufficient to cause male sterility and suggest that callose is essential for the formation of a normal microspore cell wall.
171 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5 Production of active Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase in tobacco and its application in starch liquefaction. Pen, J.; Molendijk, L.; Quax, W.J.; Sijmons, P.C.; Ooyen, A.J.J. van; Elzen, P.J.M. van den; Rietveld, K.; Hoekema, A. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Mar. Bio/technology v. 10 (3): p. 292-296; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Bacillus licheniformis; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Alpha-amylase; Structural genes; Gene expression; Seeds; Enzyme activity; Starch; Hydrolysis; Industrial applications; Starch industry; Food industry; Potato starch; Maize starch
172 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5 Production of the sweet protein monellin in transgenic plants. Penarrubia, L.; Kim , R.; Giovannoni, J.; Kim, S.H.; Fischer, R.L. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 May. Bio/technology v. 10 (5): p. 561-564; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii; Lycopersicon esculentum; Lactuca sativa; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Synthetic genes; Plant proteins; Sweet tasting compounds; Recombinant DNA; Promoters; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Ripening; Gene transfer; Gene expression; Fruits; Leaves; Genetic regulation; Ethylene
173 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Progress in cytokinin research.
Kaminek, M.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 May.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (5): p. 159-164; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cytokinins; Biology; Effects; Formation; Transfer RNA; Metabolism; Oxidoreductases; Transgenics; Genetic engineering; Secondary metabolites; Biotechnology
Abstract: The progress of plant biotechnology has stimulated research on the plant hormones called cytokinins and vice versa. Cytokinins affect plant development, the response of plants to various environmental stresses and other physiological processes of agricultural importance. Advances in the understanding of cytokinin metabolism, together with the availability of cloned cytokinin genes, may permit crop improvements through modulation of cytokinin expression in plant tissues.
174 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532
Promoter fusions to the activator transposase gene cause
distinct patterns of Dissociation excision in tobacco
cotyledons.
Scofield, S.R.; Harrison, K.; Nurrish, S.J.; Jones, J.D.G.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
May. The Plant cell v. 4 (5): p. 573-582; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Nicotiana tabacum; Transposable elements; Structural genes; Deoxyribonuclease i; Recombinant DNA; Promoters; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Ligases; Nopaline; Octopine; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Genetic change; Insertional mutagenesis; Variegation; Cotyledons; Somatic mutations
Abstract: To explore the effects of altering the level of Activator (Ac) transposase (TPase) expression, a series of plasmids was constructed in which heterologous promoters were fused to the TPase gene. Promoters for the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript and the octopine synthase (ocs) and nopaline synthase (nos) genes were tested. These fusions, and constructs expressing TPase from the wild-type Ac promoter, were introduced into tobacco, and their activity was monitored by crossing to a line carrying Dissociation (Ds) in a streptomycin phosphotransferase gene (Ds::SPT). The SPT marker provides a record of somatic excisions of Ds that occur during embryo development. The patterns of somatic variegation that resulted from transactivation by each fusion were distinct and strikingly different from the pattern triggered by the wild-type Ac constructs. Unlike wild-type Ac, which caused transposition throughout embryo development, each fusion gave rise to sectors of discrete size. Sectors triggered by the CaMV 35S fusion were largest, ocs sectors were intermediate, and nos were smallest. These patterns appear to indicate differential timing of the activation of these promoters during embryogeny. Measurement of transcript abundance for each transformant indicated that the CaMV 35Stransformed plants accumulated approximately 1000-fold more TPase mRNA than plants containing wild-type Ac, whereas ocsand nos-transformed lines accumulated about 100-fold and 20- fold higher levels, respectively. Measurements of germinal excision frequencies driven by the chimeric TPase fusions, however, indicated that increasing transcription does not necessarily result in an increase in germinal excision. These measurements showed that the ocs and nos fusions have very low rates of germinal excision. Only the CaMV 36S fusion transformants were found to have higher rates than the Ac constructs, although significant pod-to-pod variation was observed. Gel blot analysis of DNA from progeny
175 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Promoting crop protection by genetic engineering and
conventional plant breeding: problems and prospects.
Woolhouse, H.W.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture v. 7: p. 249-256; 1992. In the
series analytic: Plant genetic manipulation for crop
protection / edited by A.M.R. Gatehouse, V.A. Hilder and
Boulter, D.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Genetic improvement; Plant breeding; Defense mechanisms; Insect control; Varietal resistance; Plant viruses; Herbicide resistance; Mixed cropping; Gene mapping; Breeding programs
176 NAL Call. No.: Q320.B56 Propagation of foreign DNA in plants using cauliflower mosaic virus as vector. Gronenborn, B.; Gardner, R.C.; Schaefer, S.; Shepherd, R.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1992. Biotechnology (24): p. 371-373; 1992. In the series analytic: Milestones in biotechnology: Classic papers on genetic engineering / edited by J. Davies and W.S. Reznikoff. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica campestris; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Genetics; Vectors; Dna; Propagation; Genetic engineering
177 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 IN82
Properties and uses of photoautotrophic plant cell cultures.
Widholm, J.M.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1992.
International review of cytology v. 132: p. 109-175; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Cell cultures; Growth; Photosynthesis; Cell differentiation; Metabolism; Molecular biology; Genetic engineering; Herbicide resistance
178 NAL Call. No.: A00035 Proposed rDNA plant and bacteria field tests. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Sep25. Biotechnology news v. 12 (24): p. 8; 1992 Sep25.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Genetic engineering; Field tests
179 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56 Protection of transgenic plants expressing the coat protein gene of watermelon mosaic virus II or zucchini yellow mosaic virus against six potyviruses. Namba, S.; Ling, K.; Gonsalves, C.; Slightom, J.L.; Gonsalves, D. St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1992 Sep. Phytopathology v. 82 (9): p. 940-946; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana; Watermelon mosaic virus 2; Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus; Disease resistance; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Symptoms; Pathogenicity; Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus; Plant viruses; Potato y potyvirus; Clover yellow vein potyvirus; Pepper mottle virus; Tobacco etch potyvirus
Abstract: The coat protein (CP) genes of watermelon mosaic virus II (WMV II) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were engineered for expression in plant tissues and subsequently transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the CP gene of WMV II or ZYMV showed protection against symptom development when inoculated with WMV II and six other potyviruses: bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato Y (PVY), pea mosaic (PeaMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), pepper mottle (PeMV), and tobacco etch (TEV). The level of protection depended on the challenge virus and the inoculum strength, with the best protection being against the lower inoculum dose. Overall, transgenic plants that expressed WMV II or ZYMV CP genes showed highest resistance to WMV II, followed by CYVV; then the group of BYMV, TEV and PeMV; and then PVY and PeaMV. Transgenic plants expressing the WMV II CP gene generally showed better protection against these potyviruses than those expressing the ZYMV CP gene. Given this and other reports, it appears that transgenic plants that express a potyvirus CP gene will show at least a noticeable level of protection against symptom development when challenged by other potyviruses.
180 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488
Protests grow ripe as science proclaims improved tomatoes.
O'Neill, M.
New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1992 Aug05.
The New York times. p. B1, B5; 1992 Aug05.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Ripening
181 NAL Call. No.: A00035 PTO to re-examine antisense tomato gene patent. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Jul23. Biotechnology news v. 12 (18): p. 5-6; 1992 Jul23.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Patents
182 NAL Call. No.: TP248.27.P55R43 1992
Recent advances in plant and microbial biotechnology.. Plant
and Microbial biotechnology
Agricultural and Food Research Council (Great Britain)
England : Agricultural and Food Research Council, [1992?];
1992. 25 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. Cover title. "This
publication has been produced by the Agricultural and Food
Research Council, jointly with the National Centre for
Biotechnology Education"--P. [2] of cover.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant biotechnology; Microbial biotechnology
183 NAL Call. No.: 381 AR2 Recombinant ricin B chain fragments containing a single galactose binding site retain lectin activity. Wales, R.; Richardson, P.T.; Roberts, L.M.; Lord, J.M. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Apr. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics v. 294 (1): p. 291-296; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ricin; Galactose; Binding site; Genetic engineering; Mutations
Abstract: Ricin B chain is an N-glycosylated galactosespecific lectin. Examination of the amino acid sequence of the protein has shown it to be the product of a series of gene duplication events based on an original galactose binding peptide. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the protein reveals that it consists of two globular domains, each composed of three smaller subdomains. In each globular domain only one of the three subdomains has retained its ability to bind galactose. Through DNA manipulation we have created a series of fusions of portions of ricin B chain, each carrying only one galactose binding site, to the ricin signal sequence. Transcripts synthesized in vitro using SP6 RNA polymerase were injected into Xenopus oocytes where the recombinant proteins were produced in a mature form. The products were shown to be N-glycosylated and produced in a soluble stable form. Also, they retained the ability to bind galactose. Preliminary experiments on the reassociation of these ricin B chain fragments with ricin A chain to create a modified holotoxin were also carried out.
184 NAL Call. No.: 450 P692 Reduction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content by antisense RNA reduces photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Hudson, G.S.; Evans, J.R.; Von Caemmerer, S.; Arvidsson, Y.B.C.; Andrews, T.J. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Jan. Plant physiology v. 98 (1): p. 294-302; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Transgenics; Photosynthesis; Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; Enzyme activity; Antisense RNA; Genetic transformation
Abstract: A complementary DNA for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was cloned from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and fused in the antisense orientation to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. This antisense gene was introduced into the tobacco genome, and the resulting transgenic plants were analyzed to assess the effect of the antisense RNA on Rubisco activity and photosynthesis. The mean content of extractable Rubisco activity from the leaves of 10 antisense plants was 18% of the mean level of activity of control plants. The soluble protein content of the leaves of anti-small subunit plants was reduced by the amount equivalent to the reduction in Rubisco. There was little change in phosphoribulokinase activity, electron transport, and chlorophyll content, indicating that the loss of Rubisco did not affect these other components of photosynthesis. However, there was a significant reduction in carbonic anhydrase activity. The rate of CO2 assimilation measured at 1000 micromoles quanta per square meter per second, 350 microbars CO2, and 25 degrees C was reduced by 63% (mean value) in the antisense plants and was limited by Rubisco activity over a wide range of intercellular CO2 partial pressures (pi). In control leaves, Rubisco activity only limited the rate of CO2 assimilation below a pi of 400 microbars. Despite the decrease in photosynthesis, there was no reduction in stomatal conductance in the antisense plants, and the stomata still responded to changes in pi. The unchanged conductance and lower CO2 assimilation resulted in a higher pi, which was reflected in greater carbon isotope discrimination in the leaves of the antisense plants. These results suggest that stomatal function is independent of total leaf Rubisco activity.
185 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54 Regeneration of transgenic plants of Prunus armeniaca containing the coat protein gene of Plum Pox Virus. Camara Machado, M.L. da; Camara Maahado, A. da; Hanzer, V.; Weiss, H.; Regner, F.; Steinkellner, H.; Mattanovich, D.; Plail, R.; Knapp, E.; Kalthoff, B.; Katinger, H. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Plant cell reports v. 11 (1): p. 25-29; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prunus armeniaca; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Gene transfer; Marker genes; Betaglucuronidase; Transgenics; Plant embryos; Regenerative ability; Plum pox potyvirus; Disease resistance
Abstract: A system was developed which allows the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars. We report the transformation and regeneration of Prunus armeniaca plants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing various binary plasmids, pBinGUSint, carrying the marker gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and pBinPPVm, carrying the coat protein gene of Plum Pox Virus (PPV). The marker gene GUS was used for optical evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. The coat protein gene of PPV was used to introduce coat protein mediated resistance against one of the most important pathogens of stone fruit trees in Europe and the whole Mediterranean area. This is the first report of the successful integration of a viral coat protein gene into a fruit tree species, opening a new perspective on the control of the disease.
186 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563B554
Regeneration, stability and transformation of barley.
Karp, A.; Lazzeri, P.A.
Wallingford, Oxford, UK : CAB International; 1992.
Biotechnology in agriculture (5): p. 549-571; 1992. In the
series analytic: Barley : genetics, biochemistry, molecular
biology and biotechnology / edited by P.R. Shewry. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Regenerative ability; Cell culture; Cells; Protoplasts; Tissue culture; Plant tissues; Somaclonal variation; Genetic transformation; Genetic engineering; Genetic improvement
187 NAL Call. No.: 450 P692
Regenertion of transgenic soybean (Glycine Max) plants from
electroporated protoplasts.
Dhir, S.K.; Dhir, S.; Savka, M.A.; Belanger, F.; Kriz, A.L.;
Farrand, S.K.; Widholm, J.M.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
May. Plant physiology v. 99 (1): p. 81-88; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Transgenics; Protoplasts; Callus; Regenerative ability; Genetic transformation; Gene transfer; Gene expression
Abstract: Transgenic soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plants were regenerated from calli derived from protoplasts electroporated with plasmid DNA-carrying genes for a selectable marker, neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35-Svedberg unit promoter, linked with a nonselectable mannityl opine synthesis marker. Following electroporation and culture, the protoplastderived colonies were subjected to kanamycin selection (50 micrograms per milliliter) beginning on day 15 for 6 weeks. Approximately, 370 to 460 resistant colonies were recovered from 1 X 10(6) electroporated protoplasts, giving an absolute transformation frequency of 3.7 to 4.6 X 10(-4). More than 80% of the kanamycin-resistant colonies showed NPTII activity, and about 90% of these also synthesized opines. This indicates that the linked marker genes were co-introduced and coexpressed at a very high frequency. Plants were regenerated from the transformed cell lines. Southern blot analysis of the transformed callus and leaf DNA demonstrated the integration of both genes. Single-plant assays performed with different plant parts showed that both shoot and root tissues express NPTII activity and accumulate opines. Experiments with NPTII and mannityl opine synthesis marker genes on separate plasmids resulted in a co-expression rate of 66%. These results indicate that electroporation can be used to introduce both linked and unlinked genes into the soybean to produce transformed plants.
188 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
Regulation of expression of the pea plastocyanin gene.
Gray, J.C.; Slatter, R.E.; Dupree, P.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 226: p. 23-29;
1992. In the series analytic: Regulation of chloroplast
biogenesis / edited by J.H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou. Proceedings
of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, July 28-August 3, 1991,
Crete, Greece. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Nicotiana tabacum; Plants; Plastocyanins; Precursors; Gene expression; Transgenics; Amino acid sequences; Chromosomes; Genomes
189 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 Regulation of lysine synthesis in transgenic potato plants expressing a bacterial dihydrodipicolinate synthase in their chloroplasts. Perl, A.; Shaul, O.; Galili, G. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Aug. Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 19 (5): p. 815-823; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Escherichia coli; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Structural genes; Ligases; Lysine; Amino acid metabolism; Chloroplast genetics; Enzyme activity; Gene expression; Leaves; Roots; Tubers; Regulations; Kinases
Abstract: The essential amino acid lysine is synthesized in higher plants by a complex pathway that is predominantly regulated by feedback inhibition of two enzymes, namely aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS). Although DHPS is thought to play a major role in this regulation, the relative importance of AK is not known. In order to study this regulation, we have expressed in the chloroplasts of transgenic potato plants a DHPS derived from Escherichia coli at a level 50-fold above the endogenous DHPS. The bacterial enzyme is much less sensitive to lysine inhibition than its potato counterpart. DHPS activity in leaves, roots and tubers of the transgenic plants was considerably higher and more resistant to lysine inhibition than in control untransformed plants. Furthermore, this activity was accompanied by a significant increase in level of free lysine in all three tissues. Yet, the extent of lysine overproduction in potato leaves was significantly lower than that previously reported in leaves of transgenic plants expressing the same bacterial enzyme, suggesting that in potato, AK may also play a major regulatory role in lysine biosynthesis. Indeed, the elevated level of free lysine in the transgenic potato plants was shown to inhibit the lysinesensitive AK activity in vivo. Our results support previous reports showing that DHPS is the major rate-limiting enzyme for lysine synthesis in higher plants, but they suggest that additional plant-specific regulatory factors are also involved.
190 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G4522
Regulators request for comments on Calgene's 'FLAVR SAVR'
tomato draws little response, negative or positive.
Crouse, G.
Washington, D.C. : King Pub. Group; 1992 Aug31.
Biotech daily v. 1 (15): p. 1-2; 1992 Aug31.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Regulations; Usda; Food safety
191 NAL Call. No.: A00035 Regulatory road for bioengineered foods cleared; foes vow to fight. Summit, N.J. : CTB International Pub. Co; 1992 Jun04. Biotechnology news v. 12 (14): p. 5-6; 1992 Jun04.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Fruits; Vegetables; Oilseeds; Grain crops; Transgenics; Regulations; Food safety
192 NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.B83
Release of organisms into the environment.
New York, N.Y. : Huethig; 1992 Apr04.
Biotech forum Europe v. 9 (4): p. 218-221; 1992 Apr04.
Language: English
Descriptors: Genetic engineering; Field tests; International cooperation
193 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Removal of selectable marker genes from transgenic plants:
needless sophistication or social necessity?.
Bryant, J.; Leather, S.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Aug.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (8): p. 274-275; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Marker genes; Transgenics; Genetic engineering; Recombinant DNA; Gene transfer; Agrobacterium; Risk; Public opinion; Consumer behavior
194 NAL Call. No.: A00063
Research finding tobacco has more fire than just smoking.
Cook, G.
Durham, N.C. : Durham Herald Co., Inc; 1992 Sep01.
The Herald-sun. p. A4; 1992 Sep01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Medicinal plants; Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus; Genetic engineering
195 NAL Call. No.: A00063
Research may produce more resistant plants.
Herbst, L.
Durham, N.C. : Durham Herald Co., Inc; 1992 Apr05.
The Herald-sun. p. G6; 1992 Apr05.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Nicotiana tabacum; Genetic engineering; Enzymes; Cercospora; Oxygen; Free radicals; Research support
196 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Resistance of cotton lines containing a Bacillus thuringiensis
toxin to pink bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and other
insects.
Wilson, F.D.; Flint, H.M.; Deaton, W.R.; Fischhoff, D.A.;
Perlak, F.J.; Armstrong, T.A.; Fuchs, R.L.; Berberich, S.A.;
Parks, N.J.; Stapp, B.R. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society
of America; 1992 Aug. Journal of economic entomology v. 85
(4): p. 1516-1521; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Bacillus thuringiensis; Cultivars; Lines; Transgenics; Pest resistance; Pectinophora gossypiella; Plant pests; Gelechiidae; Insect pests
Abstract: Three transgenic lines of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., carrying a modified insect-control protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner), were evaluated for resistance to several lepidopterous insects. These three lines, along with the explant source cultivar, 'Coker 312', and a locally adapted control, 'MD 51 ne', were grown in a field experiment at Maricopa, Arizona. Early in the season, before bolls were available for infestation, the number of rosetted blooms caused by pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), was 95% lower in the transgenic lines than in the control cultivars. The pink bollworm larvae penetrated bolls of the transgenic lines readily; however, live larvae recovered from incubated bolls, and percent seed damage were reduced 97-99% in the transgenic lines compared with the control cultivars. No live larvae were recovered from bolls of two transgenic lines, 62 and 65. The transgenic lines were highly resistant to cotton leafperforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck, as shown by an absence of larval populations and of leaf mining and feeding. The transgenic lines sustained very little leaf damage from saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), whereas the control cultivars were almost defoliated by season's end. As expected, the transgenic lines were not resistant to several nonlepidopterous insect pests, and they did not affect populations of beneficial insects. Higher populations of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), on the transgenic lines than on the control cultivars may have been a consequence of reduced leaf feeding damage (by lepidopterous insects) rather than increased whitefly susceptibility of the transgenic lines. A breeding strategy to increase the insect resistance of cotton plants would be to combine the bacterial toxin trait with other resistance traits such as nectariless, okra leaf, and early maturity, known to reduce pink bollworm and
197 NAL Call. No.: SB732.6.M65
Resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus infection in
transgenic tobaacco expressing the viral nucleocapsid gene.
MacKenzie, D.J.; Ellis, P.J.
St. Paul, Minn. : APS Press; 1992 Jan.
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI v. 5 (1): p.
34-40; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Transgenics; Plasmids; Genes; Tomato spotted wilt virus; Genetic transformation; Gene transfer; Gene expression; Coat proteins; Disease resistance; Genetic resistance; Induced resistance
198 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The restricted distribution of potato leafroll luteovirus
antigen in potato plants with transgenic resistance resembles
that in clones with one type of host gene-mediated resistance.
Derrick, P.M.; Barker, H.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Jun.
Annals of applied biology v. 120 (3): p. 451-457; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Leaves; Potato leaf roll luteovirus; Coat proteins; Genes; Clones; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Viral antigens; Genetic resistance; Host range
199 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72 Restricted virus multiplication in potatoes transformed with the coat protein gene of potato leafroll luteovirus: similarities with a type of host gene-mediated resistance. Barker, H.; Reavey, B.; Kumar, A.; Webster, K.D.; Mayo, M.A. Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb. Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 55-64; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Potato leaf roll luteovirus; Coat proteins; Genes; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Infection; Genetic resistance; Replication
200 NAL Call. No.: SB123.S942 1991
RFLP analyses for manipulating agronomic traits in plants.
Helenjaris, T.G.
Wallingford, UK : C.A.B. International; 1992.
Plant breeding in the 1990s : proceedings of the Symposium on
Plant Breeding in the 1990s, held at North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC, March 1991 / edited by H.T. Stalker
and J.P. Murphy. p. 357-372; 1992. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Agronomic characteristics; Genetic engineering; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Literature reviews; Crop production
201 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 A
rice cab gene promoter contains separate cis-acting elements
that regulate expression in dicot and monocot plants.
Luan, S.; Bogorad, L.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Aug. The Plant cell v. 4 (8): p. 971-981; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Nicotiana tabacum; Zea mays; Promoters; Controlling elements; Chlorophyll a/b binding protein; Recombinant DNA; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Light; Genetic regulation; Transgenics; Deletions; Repetitive DNA; Leaves; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Direct DNAuptake; Induced mutations
Abstract: The major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins of the photosynthetic apparatus are encoded by families of nuclear cab genes. The expression of most cab genes is tissue specific and photoregulated in angiosperms. In transgenic tobacco plants, expression of the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS) is photoregulated and tissue specific from 5' upstream sequences of the rice cab1R gene; deletion of sequences upstream from position -170 with respect to the transcription start site eliminates the enhanced and photoregulated expression in the transgenic plants. Using an in situ transient expression assay, we have determined that the sequence OCT-R, an octamer repeat that lies within the -269 to -170 region of cab1R, is essential for photoregulated expression of the chimeric GUS gene in leaf cells of maize and rice but is not required for expression in illuminated tobacco leaves. Conversely, box III - and G-box-like sequences found near OCT-R in cab1R are necessary for high-level transient expression of the reporter gene in tobacco leaf tissue but are not required for transient expression in maize or rice leaves.
202 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Sabotage sets back Dutch biotechnology.
Cremers, H.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Aug22.
New scientist v. 135 (1835): p. 4; 1992 Aug22.
Language: English
Descriptors: Netherlands; Zea mays; Genetic engineering; Vandalism
203 NAL Call. No.: SB123.57.S34 1992
Safety assessment of genetically engineered fruits and
vegetables a case study of the Flavr Savr tomato.
Redenbaugh, Keith
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1992.
xvii, 267 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tomatoes; Genetic engineering; Plant genetic engineering; Nucleotide sequence
204 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488
Scientist using plants to clean up metals in contaminated
soil. Bernstein, E.
New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1992 Sep08.
The New York times. p. B8; 1992 Sep08.
Language: English
Descriptors: Apocynum; Ambrosia; Genetic engineering; Waste treatment; Heavy metals
205 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
Scientists restore fertility to male sterile crop plants.
Moffat, A.S.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Feb.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (2): p. 1, 12; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Male sterility; Genetic engineering; Recombinant DNA; Plant breeding; Fertility
206 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532 Secondary plasmodesmata are specific sites of localization of the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein in transgenic tobacco plants. Ding, B.; Haudenshield, J.S.; Hull, R.J.; Wolf, S.; Beachy, R.N.; Lucas, W.J. Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992 Aug. The Plant cell v. 4 (8): p. 915-928; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus; Structural genes; Viral proteins; Pathogenesis; Plasmodesmata; Mesophyll; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Immunocytochemistry; Infection; Cell ultrastructure
Abstract: Expression of the tobacco mosaic virus 30-kD movement protein (TMV MP) gene in tobacco plants increases the plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit (SEL) 10-fold between mesophyll cells in mature leaves. In the present study, we examined the structure of plasmodesmata as a function of leaf development. In young leaves of 30-kD TMV MP transgenic (line 274) and vector control (line 306) plants, almost all plasmodesmata were primary in nature. In both plant lines, secondary plasmodesmate were formed, in a basipetal pattern, as the leaves underwent expansion growth. Ultrastructural and immunolabeling studies demonstrated that in line 274 the TMV MP accumulated predominantly in secondary plasmodesimate of nonvascular tissues and was associated with a filamentous material. A developmental progression was detected in terms of the presence of TMV MP; all secondary plasmodesmata in the tip of the fourth leaf contained TMV MP in association with the filamentous material. Dye-coupling experiments demonstrated that the TMV MP-induced increase in plasmodesmatal SEL could be routinely detected in the tip of the fourth leaf, but was restricted to mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. These findings are discussed with respect to the structure and function of plasmodesmata, particularly those aspects related to virus movement.
207 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Segregation of transgenes in maize.
Spencer, T.M.; O'Brien, J.V.; Start, W.G.; Adams, T.R.;
Gordon-Kamm, W.J.; Lemaux, P.G.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(2): p. 201-210; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Tissue culture; Segregation; Inheritance; Direct DNAuptake; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Transferases; Linkage; Gene expression
Abstract: Progeny recovered from backcrossed transgenic maize tissue culture regenerants (R0) were analyzed to determine the segregation, expression, and stability of the introduced genes. Transgenic A188 X B73 R0 plants (regenerated from embryogenic suspension culture cells transformed by microprojectile bombardment) were pollinated with nontransformed B73 pollen. Inheritance of a selectable marker gene, bar, and a nonselectable marker gene, uidA, was analyzed in progeny (R1) representing four independent transformation events. Activity of the bar gene product, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT), was assessed in plants comprising the four R1 populations. The number of R1 plants containing PAT activity per total number of R1 plants recovered for each population was 2/7, 19/34, 3/14 and 73/73. Molecular analysis confirmed the segregation of bar in three R1 populations and the lack of segregation in one R1 population. Cosegregation analysis indicated genetic linkage of bar and uidA in all four R1 populations. Analysis of numerous R1 plants derived from crossing transformed R1 plants with nontransformed inbreds revealed 1:1 segregation of PAT activity in three of four lines, including the line that failed to segregate in the R1 generation. Integrated copies of bar in one line appeared to be unstable or poorly transmitted.
208 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5 Selectable marker genes: safe for plants?. Flavell, R.B.; Dart, E.; Fuchs, R.L.; Fraley, R.T. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Feb. Bio/technology v. 10 (2): p. 141-142, 144; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Gene transfer; Marker genes; Phosphotransferases; Reporter genes; Safety; Genetic transformation; Transgenics
209 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8 Silicon carbide fiber-mediated stable transformation of plant cells. Kaeppler, H.F.; Somers, D.A.; Rines, H.W.; Cockburn, A.F. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Theoretical and applied genetics v. 84 ( 5/6): p. 560-566; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Nicotiana tabacum; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Direct DNAuptake; Cell suspensions; Silicon; Carbides; Fibers; Gene transfer; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Herbicide resistance; Phosphotransferases; Kanamycin; Drug resistance
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays, cv 'Black Mexican Sweet') (BMS) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, cv 'Xanthi') tissue cultures were transformed using silicon carbide fibers to deliver DNA into suspension culture cells. DNA delivery was mediated by vortexing cells in the presence of silicon carbide fibers and plasmid DNA. Maize cells were treated with a plasmid carrying both the BAR gene, whose product confers resistance to the herbicide BAS-TA, and a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Tobacco cells were treated with two plasmids to cotransfer genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) and GUS from the respective plasmids. Thirty-four BASTAresistant BMS colonies and 23 kanamycin-resistant tobacco colonies recovered following selection contained intact copies of the BAR gene and NPTII genes, respectively, as determined by Southern blot analysis. Sixty-five percent of the resistant BMS colonies and 50% of the resistant tobacco colonies also expressed GUS activity. Intact copies of the GUS gene were observed in Southern blots of all resistant BMS and tobacco colonies that expressed GUS activity. These results indicate that a simple, inexpensive DNA delivery procedure employing silicon carbide fibers can be used to reproducibly transform cells of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species.
210 NAL Call. No.: 381 J824
Site-directed mutagenesis of the phosphorylatable serine
(Ser8) in C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from sorghum. The
effect of negative charge at position 8.
Wang, Y.H.; Duff, S.M.G.; Lepiniec, L.; Cretin, C.; Sarath,
G.; Condon, S.A.; Vidal, J.; Gadal, P.; Chollet, R.
Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology; 1992 Aug25.
The Journal of biological chemistry v. 267 (24): p.
16759-16762; 1992 Aug25. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; Serine; Mutations; Genetic engineering; Phosphorylation; Regulation
Abstract: The properties of the dephospho and in vitro phosphorylated forms of recombinant sorghum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase have been compared with those of the authentic dark (dephospho) and light (phospho) leaf enzyme forms and two mutant enzymes in which the phosphorylatable serine residue (Ser8) has been changed by site-directed mutagenesis to Cys (S8C) or Asp (S8D). Kinetic analysis of the purified recombinant, mutant, and leaf enzyme forms at pH 8.0 indicated virtually identical Vmax, apparent Km (phosphoenolpyruvate), and half-maximal activation (glucose 6-P) values of about 44 units/mg, 1.1 mM, and 0.23 mM, respectively. In contrast, the Ser8, S8C, and dark leaf enzymes were about 3-fold more sensitive to inhibition by Lmalate at pH 7.3 than the Ser8-P, S8D, and light leaf enzyme forms. These comparative results indicate that: (i) Ser8 is an important determinant in the regulation of sorghum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity by negative (Lmalate), but not positive (glucose 6-phosphate) metabolite effectors, (ii) phosphorylation of this target residue can be functionally mimicked by Asp, but not Cys, and (iii) negative charge contributes to the effect of regulatory phosphorylation on this C4-photosynthesis enzyme.
211 NAL Call. No.: A00111
Smart Plants Int'l--it's ripe for fed's step to go easy on
bio-foods. Fikes, B.
San Diego, Calif. : San Diego Business Journal; 1992 Jun01.
San Diego business journal v. 13 (21): p. 4; 1992 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Genetic engineering; Plants; Regulations
212 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
Spatial and temporal expression patterns directed by the
Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA gene 5 promoter during somatic
embryogenesis in carrot. Mattsson, J.; Borkird, C.; Engstrom,
P.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(4): p. 629-637; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Daucus carota; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Gene expression; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Promoters; Recombinant DNA; Dna; Somatic embryogenesis; Temporal variation; Spatial variation; Plant embryos; Cotyledons; Hypocotyls; Radicles; Shoots; Roots; Genetic transformation; Transgenics
Abstract: We have analysed the patterns of expression of a gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fused to the promoter of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA gene 5 during embryogenesis in carrot, Daucus carota L. Gene expression was monitored by a histochemical assay of beta-glucuronidase activity. The gene 5 promoter, although of bacterial origin, conferred expression upon the marker gene in all stages of embryo development. The patterns of expression however, differed between embryos in different stages of development. In the globular stage expression was confined to the basal part of the embryo, suggesting that the promoter is sensitive to regulatory functions active in the primary establishment of polarity in the radially symmetric globular embryo. In the heart and torpedo stages of development GUS expression was high in the entire embryonic axis, but not in the cotyledons. During germination expression was reduced in the elongating hypocotyl and radicle, and high levels of expression were detected only in the shoot and root apices. Among the transformed cell lines analysed, one was found that showed an aberrant pattern of GUS expression during embryogenesis, in that expression in the upper part of the embryo was undetectable, and expression was restricted to the root apex in later stages of development. This difference in organ specificity of expression is likely due to a large deletion of the promoter.
213 NAL Call. No.: A00069
Splice and dice: genetic engineers on the cutting edge.
Sugarman, C.
Washington, D.C. : The Washington Post Co; 1992 Jun03.
The Washington post. p. E1, E4; 1992 Jun03.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Genetic engineering; Plants; Regulations; Usda
214 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
Studies on the biosynthesis of thiarubrine A in hairy root
cultures of Ambrosia artemisiifolia using 13C-labelled
acetates.
Gomez-Barrios, M.L.; Parodi, F.J.; Vargas, D.; Quijano, L.;
Hjortso, M.A.; Flores, H.E.; Fischer, N.H.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 Aug.
Phytochemistry v. 31 (8): p. 2703-2707; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Roots; Transgenics; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Polyacetylenes; Biosynthesis; Precursors; Biochemical pathways; Radioactive tracers; Acetates; Molecular conformation
Abstract: The 13C NMR spectra of thiarubrine A and B have been completely assigned. In a biosynthetic study using hairy root cultures of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, the 13C NMR spectra of thiarubrine A labelled by incorporation of [1-13C]- ,[2-13C]- and [1,2-13C2]-acetate showed patterns of enrichment consistent with a biosynthetic pathway in which the 13-carbon 1,2-dithiin arises from a longer-chain precursor, most likely a 14-carbon homologue, by carbon-carbon scission.
215 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P532
Subdomains of the octopine synthase upstream activating
element direct cell-specific expression in transgenic tobacco
plants.
Kononowicz, H.; Wang, Y.E.; Habeck, L.L.; Gelvin, S.B.
Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists; 1992
Jan. The Plant cell v. 4 (1): p. 17-27; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Plasmids; Controlling elements; Promoters; Genes; Ligases; Histochemistry; Gene expression; Mesophyll; Guard cells; Leaf veins; Apical meristems; Root meristems; Beta-galactosidase; Reporter genes
Abstract: Previous work has shown that the octopine synthase (ocs) gene encoded by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid contains an upstream activating sequence necessary for its expression in plant cells. This sequence is composed of an essential 16-bp palindrome and flanking sequences that modulate the level of expression of the ocs promoter in transgenic tobacco calli. In this study, we have used RNA gel blot analysis of RNA extracted from transgenic tobacco plants to show that the octopine synthase gene is not constitutively expressed in all plant tissues and organs. This tissuespecific pattern of expression is determined, to a large extent, by the 16-bp palindrome. Histochemical analysis, using an ocs-lacZ fusion gene, has indicated that the 16-bp palindrome directs the expression of the ocs promoter in specific cell types in the leaves, stems, and roots of transgenic tobacco plants. This expression is especially strong in the vascular tissue of the leaves, leaf mesophyll cells, leaf and stem guard cells, and the meristematic regions of the shoots and roots. Sequences surrounding the palindrome in the upstream activating sequence restrict the expression of the ocs promoter to fewer cell types, resulting in a reduced level of expression of beta-galactosidase activity in the central vascular tissue of leaves, certain types of leaf trichomes, and the leaf primordia.
216 NAL Call. No.: QK1.A57
Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance.
Bowler, C.; Montagu, M. van; Inze, D.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1992.
Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology
v. 43: p. 83-116; 1992. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant physiology; Oxidation; Stress response; Superoxide dismutase; Tolerance; Genetic engineering; Gene expression; Biochemical pathways; Enzyme activity; Literature reviews
217 NAL Call. No.: QH506.E46
Suppression of beta-1,3-glucanase transgene expression in
homozygous plants. Carvalho, F. de; Gheysen, G.; Kushnir, S.;
Montagu, M. van; Inze, D.; Castresana, C.
Oxford, Eng. : IRL Press; 1992 Jul.
The EMBO journal - European Molecular Biology Organization v.
11 (7): p. 2595-2602; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; Nicotiana tabacum; Genes; Beta-glucanase; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Gene expression; Genetic regulation; Haploids; Homozygotes; Gene dosage; Messenger RNA
Abstract: A chimeric construct containing the Nicotiana plumbaginifolia beta-1,3-glucanase gn1 gene was introduced into Nicotiana tabacum SR1 to produce high levels of the enzyme constitutively. We determined that the GN1 protein represents a basic beta-1,3-glucanase isoform which accumulates into the vacuoles of the transgenic plants. Analysis of the progeny of the transgenic plant with the highest levels of gn1 expression revealed an unexpected phenomenon of gene suppression. Plants hemizygous for the TDNA locus contained high levels of gn1 mRNA and exhibited a 14-fold higher beta-1,3-glucanase activity than untransformed plants. However, the expression of gn1 was completely suppressed in the homozygous plants: no corresponding mRNA or protein could be detected. This suppression mechanism occurs at a post-transcriptional level and is under developmental control. In addition, by generating haploid plants we found that this silencing phenomenon is not dependent on allelic interaction between T-DNA copies present at the same locus of homologous chromosomes, but rather is correlated with the transgene dose in the plant genome. We postulate that high doses of GN1 protein relative to the level(s) of other still unknown plant products could trigger the cellular processes directed to suppress gn1 expression.
218 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Sustaining the food supply.
Fraley, R.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jan.
Bio/technology v. 10 (1): p. 40-43; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food crops; Genetic engineering; Transgenics; Plant breeding; Food biotechnology
219 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Sweet serendipity.
Vines, G.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Jun13.
New scientist v. 134 (1825): p. 21; 1992 Jun13.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic engineering; Sweetness; Fruits; Vegetables
220 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z34
Synergistic effect of upstream sequences, CCAAT bos elements,
and HSE sequences for enhanced expression of chimaeric heat
shock genes in transgenic tobacco.
Rieping, M.; Schoffl, F.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Jan.
M G G : Molecular and general genetics v. 231. (2): p.
226-232; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Glycine max; Controlling elements; Genetic regulation; Gene expression; Transcription; Genes; Heat shock proteins; Promoters; Heat shock; Reporter genes; Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; Transgenics; Genetic transformation
Abstract: The thermoregulated expression of the soybean heat shock (hs) gene Gmhsp17.3-B is regulated via the heat shock promoter elements (HSEs), but full promoter activity requires additional sequences located upstream of the HSE-containing region. Structural features within this putative enhancer region include a run of simple sequences which are also present upstream of HSE-like sequences of other soybean hs genes, and three perfect CCAAT box sequences located immediately upstream from the most distal HSE of the promoter. A series of heterologous and homologous promoter fusions linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene was constructed and examined in transgenic tobacco plants. The region containing the AT-rich domain of the 5' flanking region was unable to direct transcription from the TATA box of a truncated deltaCaMV35S promoter. Heat-inducible CAT activity was detectable when additional sequences from the native promoter containing three CCAAT boxes and a single HSE were present in the constructions. Complete reconstitution of the native hs promoter/enhancer region increased hs specific CAT activities only very little, but deletion of CCAAT box sequences reduced CAT expression fivefold. Our results suggest that AT-rich sequences have a moderate effect on thermoinducible expression levels of the soybean heat shock gene and that CCAAT box sequences act cooperatively with HSEs to increase the hs promoter activity.
221 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Synthesis of a functional anti-phytochrome single-chain Fv
protein in transgenic tobacco.
Owen, M.; Gandecha, A.; Cockburn, B.; Whitelam, G.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jul.
Bio/technology v. 10 (7): p. 790-794; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Synthetic genes; Immunoglobulin structural genes; Igg; Antibodies; Phytochrome; Binding proteins; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences; Seed germination; Light; Regulations; Monoclonal antibodies
222 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62 Transformation and inheritance of a hygromycin phosphotransferase gene in maize plants. Walters, D.A.; Vetsch, C.S.; Potts, D.E.; Lundquist, R.C. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jan. Plant molecular biology : an international journal on molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18 (2): p. 189-200; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Genetic transformation; Direct DNAuptake; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Hygromycin b; Chimeras; Gene expression; Callus; Tissue culture; Regeneration; Inheritance; Drug resistance; Transgenics
Abstract: Embryogenic maize (Zea mays L.) callus cultures were transformed by microprojectile bombardment with a chimeric hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene and three transformed lines were obtained by selecting for hygromycin resistance. All lines contained one or a few copies of the intact HPT coding sequence. Fertile, transgenic plants were regenerated and the transmission of the chimeric gene was demonstrated through two complete generations. One line inherited the gene in the manner expected for a single, dominant locus, whereas two did not.
223 NAL Call. No.: 61.8 SE52
Transformation made easier: Genetic transformation methods for
cereals are summarized by scientist from plant genetic
systems.
Des Plains, Ill. : Scranton Gillette Communications, Inc; 1992
May. Seed world v. 130 (6): p. 40; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Belgium; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Monocotyledons; Genetic engineering
224 NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4
Transformation of cucumber tissues by microprojectile
bombardment: identification of plants containing functional
and non-functional transferred genes.
Chee, P.P.; Slightom, J.L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992.
Gene v. 118 (2): p. 255-260; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cucumis sativus; Genetic transformation; Direct DNAuptake; Gene transfer; Transgenics; Callus; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Ligases; Gene expression; Inheritance
Abstract: The microprojectile bombardment method was used to transfer DNA into embryogenic callus of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and stably transformed cucumber plant lines were obtained. A total of 107 independently regenerated cucumber plants were assayed for the presence and expression of the transferred Nos-NPTII gene (encoding nopaline synthaseneomycin phosphotransferase II). Genomic blot hybridization analyses showed that a high percentage (16%) of the cucumber plants were transformed with Nos-NPTII; however, only about 25% of these transgenic plants expressed Nos-NPTII. Inactivity of Nos-NPTII in many of the transformed cucumber plants may be associated with the transfer of multiple copies of Nos-NPTII. PCR and genomic blot hybridization analyses were used to show that the transferred gene was inherited in the subsequent plant generation.
225 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Transformation of rapid cycling cabbage (Brassica oleracea
var. capitata) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
Berthomieu, P.; Jouain, L.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (7) (12): p. 334-338; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica oleracea var. capitata; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Genetic transformation; Marker genes; Genes; Transfer; Transgenics; Regenerative ability; 2,4-d; Phenotypes; Breeding methods
Abstract: Genetically transformed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) roots were obtained after inoculation with two engineered Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, each harbouring a plant selectable marker gene in their T-DNA. Axenic root clones resistant to kanamycin or hygromycin B were established, most of which did not exhibit the phenotypic characteristics of Ri-transformed roots. Shoot regeneration was induced from roots after treatment with 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The resulting plants exhibited various phenotypes: some looked normal, while others showed the transformed phenotype observed in other species. Direct evidence for genetic transformation was obtained by molecular hybridization. The trait was transmitted to the progeny. Transformed cabbage plants can be obtained within 6 months using this approach.
226 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54 Transformation of Solanum integrifolium Poir via Agrobacterium tumefaciens: plant regeneration and progeny analysis. Rotino, G.L.; Perrone, D.; Ajmone-Marsan, P.; Lupotto, E. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Plant cell reports v. 11 (1): p. 11-15; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; In vitro culture; Culture techniques; Regenerative ability; Transgenics; Reporter genes; Genetic analysis
Abstract: The wild species Solanum integrifolium represents a source of pest and disease resistance genes for breeding strategies of the cultivated species Solanum melongena. Somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion between the two species may provide a valuable tool for transferring polygenic traits into the cultivated species. The availability of S.integrifolium cells carrying dominant selectable markers would facilitate the heterokaryon rescue. An appropriate methodology for in vitro culture and plant regeneration from leaf explants of S.integrifolium is reported. Efficient leafdisk transformation via co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens led to the regeneration of transformed plants carrying the reporter genes GUS and NPT-II. Transformed individuals were obtained through selection on kanamycincontaining medium. Stable genetic transformation was assessed by histochemical and enzymatic assays for GUS and NPT-II activity, by the ability of leafdisks to initiate callus on Km-containing medium, Southern blot analyses of the regenerated plants, and genetic analysis of their progenies. Selfed-seed progeny of individual transformed plants segregated seedlings capable to root and grow in selective condition, while untransformed progeny did not. Genetic analyses of progeny behaviour showed that the reporter gene NPT-II segregated as single as well as two independent Mendelian factors. In two cases an excess of kanamycinsensitive seedlings was obtained, not fitting into any genetic hypothesis.
227 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Transformation of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) and evaluation
of herbicide resistance in transgenic plants.
D'Halluin, K.; Bossut, M.; Bonne, E.; Mazur, B.; Leemans, J.;
Botterman, J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992
Mar.
Bio/technology v. 10 (3): p. 309-314; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene transfer; Genes; Bilanafos; Ligases; Glufosinate; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Herbicide resistance; Acyltransferases
228 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54 Transformation of vitis tissue by different strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the T-6b gene. Berres, R.; Otten, L.; Tinland, B.; Malgarinin-Clog, E.; Walter, B. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 May. Plant cell reports v. 11 (4): p. 192-195. ill; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vitis; Beta-glucuronidase; Cultivars; Genetic engineering; Genetic markers; Genetic transformation; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Strains; Tissue culture
Abstract: Stem pieces and leaf disks of Vitis spp. were cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying the UidA (beta-glucuronidase = GUS) gene. The transformation efficiency was highly increased by using a modified T-6b gene (a gene from pTiTm4) which interferes with normal growth and allows regeneration of normal Nicotiana rustica plants (Tinland 1990). The strains first tested on stem segments were subsequently tested in a leaf explant system. On leaves the information efficiency of the strains was much lower than with stems. Both the T-6b gene and the hsp 70-T-6b gene (a modified T-6b gene under the control of a heat shock promoter) allowed the initiation of GUS-positive buds.
229 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5 Transgenic cotton cells aiding IRRI scientists. San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1992 Aug03. BioEngineering news v. 13 (30): p. 3-4; 1992 Aug03.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Zea mays; Oryza sativa; Genetic engineering; Flooding tolerance
230 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54 Transgenic herbicide-resistant Atropa belladonna using an Ri binary vector and inheritance of the transgenic trait. Saito, K.; Tamazaki, M.; Anzai, H.; Yoneyama, K.; Murakoshi, I. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Plant cell reports v. 11 (5/6): p. 219-224; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Atropa belladonna; Transgenics; Gene transfer; Genetic transformation; Herbicide resistance; Bilanafos; Glufosinate; Inheritance; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Enzyme activity; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Transferases
Abstract: Transgenic Atropa belladonna conferred with a herbicide-resistant trait was obtained by transformation with an Ri plasmid binary vector and plant regeneration from hairy roots. We made a chimeric construct, pARK5, containing the bar gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase flanked with the promoter for cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA and the 3' end of the nos gene. Leaf discs of A. belladonna were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes harboring an Ri plasmid, pRi15834, and pARK5. Transformed hairy roots resistant to bialaphos (5 mg/l) were selected and plantlets were regenerated. The integration of T-DNAs from pRi15834 and pARK5 were confirmed by DNA-blot hybridization. Expression of the bar gene in transformed R0 tissues and in backcrossed F1 progeny with a non-transformant and self-fertilized progeny was indicated by enzymatic activity of the acetyltransferase. The transgenic plants showed resistance towards bialaphos and phosphinothricin. Tropane alkaloids of normal amounts were produced in the transformed regenerants. These results present a successful application of transformation with an Ri plasmid binary vector for conferring an agronomically useful trait to medicinal plants.
231 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Transgenic indica rice plants.
Peng, J.; Kononowicz, H.; Hodges, T.K.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 83 (6/7): p. 855-863;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Betaglucuronidase; Direct DNAuptake; Protoplasts; Polyethylene glycol; Gene transfer; Callus; Regenerative ability; Inheritance
Abstract: We have established a system to genetically engineer indica rice plants. In order to obtain transgenic plants, genes were introduced into protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of the indica rice var 'IR54' with the aid of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The neo gene was on pKAN and the gusA gene was on pPUR. The promoter for both genes was CaMV35S. Transformed calli were readily recovered from medium supplemented with G-418. In contrast, kanamycin interfered with plant regeneration from protoplast-callus. Transgenic plants were regenerated from calli resistant to G-418 in several separate experiments and grown to maturity in a growth chamber. Southern blot analysis of DNA isolated from leaves of T0 plants verified the presence of the transferred neo and gusA genes in the plant genome. A study of gene expression showed that the CaMV35S-gusA gene was active in all of the organs examined. Mendelian inheritance of the introduced gusA gene was observed in progeny obtained by backcrossing the T0 plants to untransformed plants.
232 NAL Call. No.: 450 P693
Transgenic plants containing the phosphinothricin-Nacetyltransferase
gene metabolize the herbicide Lphosphinothricin
(glufosinate) differently from untransformed
plants.
Droge, W.; Broer, I.; Puhler, A.
Berlin : Springer-Verlag; 1992.
Planta v. 187 (1): p. 142-151; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Daucus carota; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Transgenics; Glufosinate; Metabolism; Transferases; Enzyme activity; Genetic code; Nucleotide sequences
Abstract: L-Phosphinothricin (L-Pt)-resistant plants were constructed by introducing a modified phosphinothricin-Nacetyl -transferase gene (pat) via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L), and via direct gene transfer into carrot (Daucus carota L). The metabolism of L-Pt was studied in these transgenic, Pt-resistant plants, as well as in the untransformed species. The degradation of L-Pt, 14C-labeled specifically at different C-atoms, was analysed by measuring the release of 14CO2 and by separating the labeled degradation products on thin-layer-chromatography plates. In untransformed tobacco and carrot plants, L-Pt was deaminated to form its corresponding oxo acid 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxobutanoic acid (PPO), which subsequently was decarboxylated to form 3-methylphosphinico-propanoic acid (MPP). This compound was stable in plants. A third metabolite remained unidentified. The L-Pt was rapidly N-acetylated in herbicideresistant tobacco and carrot plants, indicating that the degradation pathway of L-Pt into PPO and MPP was blocked. The N-acetylated product, L-N-acetyl-Pt remained stable with regard to degradation, but was found to exist in a second modified form. In addition, there was a pH-dependent, reversible change in the mobility of L-N-acetyl-Pt thin-layer during chromatography.
233 NAL Call. No.: QH442.B5
Transgenic plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
obtained by direct gene transfer to protoplasts.
Wang, Z.Y.; Takamizo, T.; Iglesias, V.A.; Osusky, M.; Nagel,
J.; Potrykus, I.; Spangenberg, G.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jun.
Bio/technology v. 10 (6): p. 691-696; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Protoplasts; Gene transfer; Direct DNAuptake; Reporter genes; Phosphotransferases; Acyltransferases; Cell suspensions; In vitro selection; Hygromycin b; Glufosinate; Drug resistance; Herbicide resistance; Callus; Embryogenesis; Regenerative ability
234 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Transgenic wheat plants: the end of the beginning.
Bryant, J.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Oct.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (10): p. 342-343; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Techniques; Somatic embryogenesis; Plants; Regeneration
235 NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI25
Transgenics crops.
Gasser, C.S.; Fraley, R.T.
New York, N.Y. : Scientific American, Inc; 1992 Jun.
Scientific American v. 266 (6): p. 62-65, 68-69; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Transgenics; Genetic engineering
236 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54
Transient gene expression in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa
Duch.) protoplasts and the recovery of transgenic plants.
Nyman, M.; Wallin, A.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Plant cell reports v. 11 (2): p. 105-108; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fragaria ananassa; Protoplasts; Gene transfer; Transgenics; Gene expression; Beta-glucuronidase; Enzyme activity; Callus; Regenerative ability; Genetic transformation
Abstract: A transient beta-glucuronidase (GUS)-assay was performed to evaluate electroporation parameters and optimize DNA delivery conditions into strawberry protoplasts. Optimal GUS-activity was obtained when protoplasts were subjected to 400 V/cm for 20 ms. GUS-activity could be further increased by the addition of carrier DNA to the electroporation mixture. Callus selected on 10 microgram/ml hygromycin produced shoots which exhibited GUS-activity. The transformed nature of the shoots obtained after selection was confirmed by DNA-analysis.
237 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Tropical treatment for sweeter salad.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Sep05.
New scientist v. 135 (1837): p. 9; 1992 Sep05.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fresh products; Sweetness; Genetic engineering; Food
238 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
Two tropinone reducing enzymes from Datura stramonium
transformed root cultures.
Portsteffen, A.; Draeger, B.; Nahrstedt, A.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 Apr.
Phytochemistry v. 31 (4): p. 1135-1138; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Datura stramonium; Roots; In vitro culture; Transgenics; Plant composition; Oxidoreductases; Enzyme activity; Purification; Tropane alkaloids; Ph; Biochemical pathways; Biosynthesis; Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Abstract: Two different tropinone reductases (TR) were isolated from transformed root cultures of Datura stramonium. Both activities were completely separated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and affinity chromatography. Gas chromatographic analysis of the reaction products showed one enzyme activity forming tropine only (TR I) and the other forming exclusively pseudotropine (TR II). TR I after extraction and purification showed about five-fold activity of TR II. Characterization of both enzymes revealed differences to tropinone reductases isolated previously from Datura stramonium, D. innoxia and Hyoscyamus niger, and differences between the individual enzyme proteins. TR I showed a pronounced pH-dependency while TR II was more tolerant to different pH-values. Both reductases accepted only NADPH as coenzyme; Km values were 1.39 mM (TR I) and 0.22 mM (TR II) for tropinone and 59 micromolar (TR I) and 17 micromolar (TR II) for NADPH.
239 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 V81
Untranslatable transcripts of the tobacco etch virus coat
protein gene sequence can interfere with tobacco etch virus
replication in transgenic plants and protoplasts.
Lindbo, J.A.; Dougherty, W.G.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Aug.
Virology v. 189 (2): p. 725-733; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Lines; Protoplasts; Tobacco etch potyvirus; Coat proteins; Genes; Nucleotide sequences; Rna; Transcription; Replication; Symptoms; Attenuation; Transgenics; Mechanical transmission; Myzus persicae; Disease vectors; Genetic resistance; Susceptibility; Viral antigens
Abstract: Transgenic tobacco plants which express untranslatable sense or antisense forms of the tobacco etch virus potyvirus (TEV) coat protein (CP) gene sequence have been generated. One of seven transgenic plant lines expressing a CP gene antisense transcript showed an attenuation of symptoms when inoculated with TEV. Three of ten transgenic plant lines expressing untranslatable sense transcripts did not develop symptoms when inoculated with TEV. These lines were resistant to either aphid or mechanically transmitted TEV. In contrast to CP-mediated resistance reported for other viruses, resistance was (1) mediated by an RNA molecule; (2) TEV-specific (i.e., "broad-spectrum resistance" was not observed); (3) independent of inoculum levels; (4) not dependent on plant size and; (5) due to decreased levels of virus replication. Protoplast experiments were used to demonstrate that resistant plant lines did not support the production of virus protein and progeny virus at wild-type levels.
240 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
US tackles the legal labyrinth of biotechnology.
Coghlan, A.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Jul11.
New scientist v. 135 (1829): p. 7; 1992 Jul11.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Biotechnology; Regulations; Usda; Crops
241 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.B54
USDA says Calgene tomatoes ready for market, FET mobilizes
1,000 'pure' chefs. Eldredge, M.
New York : McGraw-Hill :.; 1992 Jul20.
Biotechnology newswatch v. 12 (14): p. 1, 3; 1992 Jul20.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Lycopersicon esculentum; Genetic engineering; Food safety; Usda; Regulations
242 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
USDA seeks easing of field test requirements.
Sterling, J.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Nov15.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (18): p. 1, 16; 1992 Nov15.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Crops; Transgenics; Field tests; Regulations; Safety; Usda
243 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes to create transgenic apple
trees having an altered organogenic response to hormones.
Lambert, C.; Tepfer, D.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992 Oct.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 85 (1): p. 105-109; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malus pumila; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Roots; Regenerative ability; Organogenesis; Dna; Rootstocks; Auxins; Cytokinins
Abstract: The apple rootstock, M26, was genetically and phenotypically transformed using the Agrobacterium wild-type strain, A4. First, chimeric plants were obtained having transformed roots and normal aerial parts. Transformed plants were then produced through regeneration from transformed roots. Transformation was demonstrated by molecular hybridization and opine analysis. The effects of hormones on organogenesis was altered in transformants: cytokinins were required to form roots, whereas auxin was toxic at the concentration used to induce rooting in the control.
244 NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4 Use of the signal peptide of Pisum vicilin to translocate beta-glucuronidase in Nicotiana tabacum. Pang, S.Z.; Rasmussen, J.; Ye, G.N.; Sanford, J.C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992. Gene v. 112 (2): p. 229-234; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Nicotiana tabacum; Recombinant DNA; Vicilin; Genes; Reporter genes; Beta-glucuronidase; Gene expression; Protein transport; Endoplasmic reticulum; Protein secretion; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Extracellular spaces; Peptides
Abstract: A hybrid protein system was used for the study of protein transport in plant cells. A nucleotide sequence (vic) encoding a putative signal peptide of 15 amino acid residues, derived from the published aa sequence of one Pisum vicilin, was synthesized and fused in frame to the gus gene encoding a bacterial cytosolic beta-glucuronidase (GUS). When the hybrid vic::gus gene was expressed in tobacco cells using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, the hybrid GUS protein was targeted to, and glycosylated inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Glycosylation could be blocked with the antibiotic tunicamycin. The study of transient expression in protoplasts showed that extracellular secretion efficiency was low, which may be due to the nature of the GUS protein.
245 NAL Call. No.: 511 P444AEB Use of Zingeria biebersteiniana (2n = 4) grown in vivo and in vitro as a model species for genetic studies. Petrova, T.F.; Kulinich, A.V.; Abramova, V.M. New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1992 Jan. Doklady : biological sciences - Akademiia nauk SSSR v. 319 (1/6): p. 432-435. ill; 1992 Jan. Translated from: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 319 (4), 1991, p. 989-991. (511 P444A). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Gramineae; Biotechnology; Cytogenetics; Genetics; Haploidy; Self pollination
246 NAL Call. No.: TA166.T72
Using RAPD markers for crop improvement.
Waugh, R.; Powell, W.
New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Science Publishing Co; 1992 Jun.
Trends in biotechnology v. 10 (6): p. 186-191; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant breeding; Breeding methods; Molecular biology; Dna sequencing; Genetic polymorphism; Genetic engineering; Gene mapping; Genotypes; Somatic hybridization; Genetic resources; Genome analysis
247 NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4 Vectors for plant transformation and cosmid libraries. Ma, H.; Yanofsky, M.F.; Klee, H.J.; Bowman, J.L.; Meyerowitz, E.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992. Gene v. 117 (2): p. 161-167; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arabidopsis thaliana; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Cosmids; Genetic transformation; Plasmids; Genetic markers; Hygromycin b; Drug resistance; Reporter genes; Genetic engineering; Chromosome walking; Dna libraries
Abstract: A series of vectors has been constructed for the purpose of introducing cloned DNAs into plant genomes, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation methods. One of these vectors, pCIT20, is a plasmid that contains a multiple cloning site (MCS), and a marker (Hph) that confers hygromycin resistance to plant cells. The others are all cosmid vectors which allow insertion of up to 46 kb of plant genomic DNA, and which also contain all of the necessary sequences for A. tumefaciens-mediated plant transformation. The cosmid vectors either contain a Hph marker (pCIT30), or a kanamycin-resistance marker (pCIT101-104). Three of the cosmid vectors (pCIT30, pCIT101, and pCIT103) carry bacteriophage T7 and SP6 promoters flanking the cloning BglII site, for synthesis of end-specific RNAs. The end-specific RNAs may be used as probes when labeled with radioactive or biotinylated nucleotides, for example, in a chromosome-walking experiment. The other two cosmid vectors (pCIT102 and pCIT104) carry restriction sites flanking the insertion site (XhoI) for convenient release of the insert by restriction digests. These sites, in combination with sites internal to the insert, allow the generation of end fragments for subcloning or labeling probes. These vectors should be valuable for isolation and analysis of plant genes, using transformation, library screening, and chromosome-walking approaches.
248 NAL Call. No.: QH442.A1G4 Vectors with segmented multiple cloning sites (SMCS) for easy monitoring of restriction digests and post-cloning orientation reversal of genes. Georges, F.; Hussain, A.; Papish, B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1992. Gene v. 111 (1): p. 27-33; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Genetic engineering; Cloning; Vectors; Plasmids; Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus; Restriction mapping; Transcription; Deoxyribonuclease i; Transgenics; Genetic transformation; Nucleotide sequences
Abstract: A novel approach is described, through which the transcriptional orientation of cloned genes is manipulated without further subcloning. This is achieved through a restriction/ligation process (without changing the test tube) leading to approx. 1:1 mixture of both possible orientations. The plasmid containing the reversed orientation is easily distinguished from the wild type by built-in restrictionindicator sites for SpeI. Additionally, a large marker fragment is incorporated into the segmented multiple cloning site (SMCS) regions to facilitate monitoring the progress and/or efficiency of vector restrictions. The marker fragment is released upon appropriate double digestion, thus acting as an indicator for complete restriction-enzyme digestion. We have equipped some existing plasmids, commonly used in molecular biology, with these features and demonstrated their superiority to plasmids having regular MCS sequences.
249 NAL Call. No.: TP360.B562 Vernonia oil improves performance of alkyd and ester coatings. Englewood, N.J. : Technical Insights, Inc; 1992 Sep. Industrial bioprocessing v. 14 (9): p. 6; 1992 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zimbabwe; Kenya; Vernonia; Plant oils; Transgenics; Research projects
250 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P68
Vicilin with carboxy-terminal KDEL is retained in the
endoplasmic reticulum and accumulates to high levels in the
leaves of transgenics plants. Wandelt, C.I.; Rafiqul, M.;
Khan, I.; Craig, S.; Schroeder, H.E.; Spencer, D.; Higgins,
T.J.V.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers and BIOS Scientific
Publishers; 1992 Mar.
The plant journal v. 2 (2): p. 181-192; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicotiana tabacum; Medicago sativa; Genetic transformation; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Leaves; Chemical composition; Vicilin; Spatial distribution; Endoplasmic reticulum; Transgenics; Gene mapping; Plant anatomy; Cell ultrastructure
251 NAL Call. No.: QK725.P54 Visualisation of trangene expression at the single protoplast level. Jung, J.L.; Bouzoubaa, S.; Gilmer, D.; Hahne, G. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992. Plant cell reports v. 11 (7) (12): p. 346-350; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chenopodium quinoa; Nicotiana tabacum; Beet necrotic yellow vein virus; Gene transfer; Gene expression; Transgenics; Dna; Rna; Protoplasts; Fixation; Laboratory methods; Filters; Protein analysis; Immunology; Antibodies
Abstract: Protoplasts are currently used to study the expression of genes following transformation. Expression is followed on a population of protoplasts after total protein extraction by conventional western blotting or measure of the enzymatic activity of the transgenic protein. We describe here a new method, called protoplast printing, allowing easy detection of the fraction of cells expressing a certain protein within a population of protoplasts. It consists of immobilization of the protoplast proteins on a nitrocellulose filter, so as to retain the outlines of the cell, followed by immunological detection of the protein of interest. The only special requirement is an antibody specific for the protein. We have studied the expression of the BNYVV coat protein after electroporation of Chenopodium quinoa protoplasts with viral RNAs, and the expression of the NPT II gene in protoplasts isolated from transgenic tobacco plants as well as after direct transfer of plasmid DNA into tobacco protoplasts. In both cases - infection with viral RNAs and transformation with plasmid DNA - expressing and non-expressing cells can be distinguished as early as 12h after transfer of the transgenes.
252 NAL Call. No.: Q1.D57
Weed on parole.
Weiss, J. Jr
Los Angeles, Calif. : Time, Inc. :.; 1992 Mar.
Discover v. 13 (3): p. 28; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus; Medicinal plants; Biotechnology
253 NAL Call. No.: 284.28 W15
Wheat genes are altered, retain fertility.
Naj, A.
New York, N.Y. : Dow Jones; 1992 May28.
The Wall Street journal. p. B7; 1992 May28.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Genetic engineering; Resistance; Fertility
254 NAL Call. No.: TP248.13.B54
White House clears 'major cloud' over food biotechnology. New
York : McGraw-Hill :.; 1992 Jun01.
Biotechnology newswatch v. 12 (11): p. 1, 3; 1992 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Vegetables; Food safety; Genetic engineering; Regulations
255 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G456
White House says recombinant organisms pose no unusual risks
to the environment.
Eisner, R.
New York, N.Y. : Mary Ann Liebert; 1992 Mar15.
Genetic engineering news v. 12 (4): p. 1, 15; 1992 Mar15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Genetic engineering; Recombinant DNA; Microbial pesticides; Crops; Transgenics; Environmental impact; Biotechnology; Environmental policy; Recombinant vaccines
256 NAL Call. No.: 472 N42
Will altered crop genes run wild in the country?.
Coghlan, A.
London, Eng. : New Science Publications; 1992 Mar21.
New scientist v. 133 (1813): p. 21; 1992 Mar21.
Language: English
Descriptors: Raphanus sativus; Genetic engineering; Transgenics; Gene transfer; Environmental impact; Pollen
257 NAL Call. No.: QK710.P62
The xylanase introns from Cryptococcus albidus are accurately
spliced in transgenic tobacco plants.
Laliberte, J.F.; Nicolas, O.; Durand, S.; Morosoli, R.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb.
Plant molecular biology : an international journal on
molecular biology, biochemistry and genetic engineering v. 18
(3): p. 447-451; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cryptococcus albidus; Nicotiana tabacum; Introns; O-glycoside hydrolases; Genes; Genetic transformation; Transgenics; Gene expression; Transcription; Messenger RNA; Alternative splicing; Nucleotide sequences
Abstract: The xylanase gene from Cryptococcus albidus contains seven introns. Genomic and cDNA clones under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter were transferred into tobacco plants using Agrobacterium mediated cell transformation. The genes were transcribed and the mRNAs were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using primers on each side of the intron region. About 90% of the amplification products from plants transformed with the genomic clone corresponded to the size of the pre-mRNA (1.2 kb) and 10% represented the spliced product (0.85 kb). The 0.85 kb fragment was cloned and sequenced and the result indicated that the introns from the xylanase gene were accurately spliced by the plant cells.
Abramova, V.M. 245
Adams, T.R. 207
Agricultural and Food Research Council (Great Britain) 182
Aguilar, M. 15
Ahlquist, P.G. 17
Ajmone-Marsan, P. 226
Albrecht, K. 3
Almeida, E.R. 153
Altenbach, S.B. 1
Altman, D.W. 25, 126
An, G. 128
Anderson, L. 78
Andrews, T.J. 184
Anzai, H. 230
Aragao, F.J.L. 153
Armstrong, T.A. 196
Arnoldo, M. 73
Arvidsson, Y.B.C. 184
Avetisov, V.A. 2, 76
Axelos, M. 4
Azzam, O. 17
Bagga, S. 55
Barfoot, P.D. 64
Barker, H. 198, 199
Baszczynski, C.L. 73
Bayley, C. 70
Bayley, C.C. 74
Beachy, R.N. 158, 206
Becker, D. 117
Beilmann, A. 3
Belanger, F. 187
Belemare, G. 73
Belzile, F. 155
Benedict, J.H. 25, 126
Bennetzen, J.L. 19
Berberich, S.A. 196
Bernstein, E. 204
Berres, R. 228
Berthomieu, P. 225
Bertioli, D.J. 20
Beuckeleer, M. de 49
Bilang, R. 75
Bingham, T. 91
Bishop, J. 37
Bishop, J.E. 142
Bleibaum, J. 78
Block, M. de 49
Bogorad, L. 201
Bonne, E. 227
Borkird, C. �212
Bossut, M. 227
Botterman, J. 227
Boulter, D. 162, 167
Bouzoubaa, S. 251
Bovsun, M. 94
Bowler, C. 216
Bowman, J.L. 247
Brabant, P. 152
Bradley, D. 107
Breyne, P. 44
Brill, W.J. 147
Broer, I. 232
Brown, D. 144
Brown, G. 73
Bryant, J. 193, 234
Burros, M. 68
Camara Maahado, A. da 185
Camara Machado, A. da 52
Camara Machado, M.L. da 52, 185
Carlson, J. 73
Carozzi, N. 48
Carozzi, N.B. 83
Carvalho, F. de 217
Castillo, A.M. 115
Castresana, C. 217
Chan, Y.S. 45
Chee, P.P. 224
Chia, T.F. 45
Chollet, R. 210
Christou, P. 63
Chua, N.H. 45, 151
Chupeau, Y. 11
Cline, K. 12
Cock, J.M. 46
Cockburn, A.F. 209
Cockburn, B. 221
Coghlan, A. 62, 114, 119, 138, 240, 256
Collins, G.B. 77
Comai, L. 21
Condon, S.A. 210
Connett, R.J.A. 64
Cook, G. 194
Cooke, L. 81
Cooper, J.I. 20
Cornelissen, B.J.C. 123
Cosset, A. 122
Costa, M.A. 128
Craig, S. 250
Cremers, H. 202
Cretin, C. 210
Crouse, G. 190
Cullimore, J.V. 46
Curie, C. 4
Cutler, K. 66
D'Halluin, K. 227
Dailey, P. 35
Dale, E.C. 74
Dale, P.J. 84
Darmency, H. 152
Dart, E. 208
Davies, H.M. 78
Davies, J.W. 165
Davis, B. 8
De Lumen, B.O. 140
De Spain, R.R. 126
Dean, C. 26
Deaton, W.R. 196
Deineko, E.V. 103
Delannay, X. 85
Delbos, R. 56
DePalma, A. 23
Depicker, A. 44
Derrick, P.M. 198
Desai, N. 83
Devine, M.D. 47
Dhir, S. 187
Dhir, S.K. 187
Dibner, M. 150
Dietrich, A. 122
Dincher, S. 48
Ding, B. 206
Dougherty, W.G. 154, 239
Draeger, B. 238
Draper, J. 170
Droge, W. 232
Duff, S.M.G. 210
Dunez, J. 56
Dunsmuir, P. 164
Dupree, P. 188
Durand, S. 257
Dutton, G. 32
Edwards, M.L. 20
Eisner, R. 255
Eldredge, M. 241
Elliott, R.C. 33
Ellis, P.J. 197
Elzen, P.J.M. van den 123, 171
Engstrom, P. 127, 212
Eriksson, T. 127
Evans, J.R. 184
Fan, C. 78
Fantes, V. 117
Farrand, S.K. 135, 187
Fikes, B. 211
Filipowicz, W. 75
Fillatti, J.J. 21
Fincher, G.B. 43
Fischer, N.H. 214
Fischer, R.L. 15, 172
Fischhoff, D.A. 196
Flavell, R.B. 208
Flint, H.M. 196
Flores, H.E. 214
Ford, T.L. 63
Forde, B.G. 90
Fowler, Michael W. 160
Fox, S. 60, 113, 156
Fraley, R. 218
Fraley, R.T. 208, 235
Frey, K.J. 161
Friedrich, L. 48
Fromm, M.E. 115
Fuchs, R.L. 196, 208
Gadal, P. p210
Gafni, R. 158
Galili, G. 189
Gallo-Meagher, M. 33
Gandecha, A. 221
Gander, E.S. 153
Gardner, R.C. 176
Gartel, A.L. 2, 76
Gasser, C.S. 235
Gatehouse, A.M.R. 162, 167
Gazaryan, K.G. 2, 76
Geis, D. 59
Gelvin, S.B. 215
Georges, F. 248
Georgescu, A. 1
Gheysen, G. 44, 217
Gierl, A. 166
Gilbertson, R.L. 17
Gillespie, B. 73
Gilmer, D. 251
Giovannoni, J. 172
Glare, T.R. 101
Glass, David J. 31
Goldberg, R.B. 49, 145
Gomez-Barrios, M.L. 214
Gonsalves, C. 179
Gonsalves, D. 179
Gordon-Kamm, W.J. 207
Gossele, V. 49
Gould, F. 131
Gray, J.C. 188
Grayburn, W.S. 77
Greef, W. de 49
Gressel, J. 125
Gresshoff, Peter M., 159
Grevelding, C. 117, 120
Gronenborn, B. 176
Grossi de Sa, M.F. 153
Guilfoyle, T.J. 13
Habeck, L.L. 215
Hagen, G. 13
Hahne, G. 251
Haley, L. 85
Halfter, U. 92
Hallahan, D.L. 168
Handa, A.K. 16
Hanson, S.F. 17
Hanzer, V. 52, 185
Harlander, S. 150
Harms, C.T. 71
Harriman, R.W. 16
Harrison, K. 174
Hattori, J. 144
Haudenshield, J.S. 206
Hawes, W.S. 20
Hawkins, D.J. 78
Hayashi, H. 108
Hayashi, Y. 61
Hein, M.B. 22
Helenjaris, T.G. 200
Hemon, P. 46
Herbst, L. 195
Hiatt, A. 22
Higashi, S. 108
Higgins, T.J.V. 250
Hildebrand, D.F. 14, 77
Hilder, V.A. 162, 167
Hird, D.L. 170
Hjortso, M.A. 214
Ho, J.Y. 141
Hodge, R. 170
Hodges, T.K. 231
Hodgson, J. 29
Hoekema, A. 171
Hoopes, J.L. 65
Hooykaas, P.J.J. 10
Huang, B. 73
Hudson, G.S. 184
Hull, R.J. 206
Hussain, A. 248
Iglesias, V.A. 233
Ingersoll, B. 148
Inze, D. 216, 217
Ishizaki-Nishizawa, O. 108
Jacono, C.C. 12
John, M.E. 95
Johnson, M.T. 131
Johnson, W.B. 137
Jones, A. 21
Jones, J. 26
Jones, J.D.G. 19, 174
Jones, J.L. 97
Jongedijk, E. 123
Jouain, L. 225
Jung, J.L. 251
Kaeppler, H.F. 209
Kalthoff, B. 185
Kaminek, M. 173
Kaniewski, W. 85
Karp, A. 186
Katinger, H. 52, 185
Kay, S.A. 151
Kemp, J.D. 55
Kemper, E. 120
Kessmann, H. 48
Khan, I. 250
Khush, R.S. 124
Kim , R. 172
Kim, S.H. 172
Kim, S.R. 128
Kim, Y. 128
Kirschenmann, Frederick 28
Klee, H.J. 247
Klein, R.E. 27
Knapp, E. 185
Knauf, V.C. 137
Knutzon, D.S. 137
Kofron, M. 63
Komari, T. 61
Komarova, M.L. 103
Koning, A. 21
Kononowicz, H. 215, 231
Koziel, M.G. 83
Kridl, J.C. 137
Krimsky, S. 86
Kriz, A.L. 187
Kulinich, A.V. 245
Kumar, A. 199
Kumashiro, T. 61
Kunze, R. 117
Kuo, C.C. 1
Kureczka, J.E. 96
Kushnir, S. 217
La Valle, B.J. �85
Labbe, H. 144
Laliberte, J.F. 257
Lambert, B. 130
Lambert, C. 243
Larkin, B.A. 27
Lassner, M.W. 21
Lawrence, S.D. 12
Layton, J. 85
Lazzeri, P.A. 186
Leather, S. 193
Leemans, J. 49, 227
Lefranc, M. 152
Lei, C.H. 27
Lelen, K. 5
Lemaux, P.G. 207
Lepiniec, L. 210
Lescure, B. 4
Li, Y. 13
Li, Z. 82
Liboz, T. 4
Lindbo, J.A. 154, 239
Lindemann, Julianne 31
Lindsey, K. 100
Ling, K. 179
Lister, C. 26
Lister, R.M. 27
Lockhart, B.E.L. 53
Lord, J.M. 183
Luan, S. 201
Lucas, W.J. 206
Lund, P. 164
Lundquist, R.C. 222
Lupotto, E. 226
Ma, H. 247
Ma, H.M. 141
MacFarlane, S.A. 165
MacKenzie, D.J. 197
MacLean, N. 73
MacRae, W.D. 73
Mahanty, H.K. 101
Malgarinin-Clog, E. 228
Maliga, P. 132
Marechal-Drouard, L. 122
Margossian, L. 15
Mariani, C. 49
Martineau, B. 69
Masson, J. 122
Masterson, R. 117, 120
Masuta, C. 61
Mattanovich, D. 52, 185
Mattsson, J. 212
Maxwell, D.P. 17
Mayo, M.A. 99, 199
Mazur, B. 227
McHughen, A. 47
McPartlan, H.C. 84
McSheffrey, S.A. 47
Medberry, S.L. 53
Melik-Sarkisov, O.S. 2, 76
Menges, A. von 117
Meyerowitz, E.M. 247
Miki, B. 144
Milbourn, G. 149
Millar, A.J. 151
Moffat, A.S. 205
Molendijk, L. 171
Monsion, M. 56
Montagu, M. van 44, 216, 217
Montane, M.H. 4
Moo-Young, Murray 160
Moore, G.A. 12
Morgan, M. 70, 74
Morosoli, R. 257
Morris, P. 136
Morris, P.C. 92
Muller-Rober, B. 129
Mullineaux, P.M. 111
Murai, N. 82
Murakoshi, I. 230
Murata, N. 108
Murphy, D.J. 139
Nagel, J. 233
Nahrstedt, A. 238
Naj, A. 253
Namba, S. 179
Neidigh, J.L. 12
Nettleton, J. 150
Nicolas, O. 257
Nishida, I. 108
Nolan, K.E. 104
Nurrish, S.J. 174
Nyman, M. 236
O'Brien, J.V. 207
O'Neill, M. 180
Odell, J.T. 65�
Okamuro, J.K. 145
Olszewski, N.E. 53
Ooyen, A.J.J. van 171
Osusky, M. 233
Otten, L. 228
Ow, D.W. 70, 74
Owen, M. 221
Page, T. 26
Pang, S.Z. 244
Papish, B. 248
Parks, N.J. 196
Parodi, F.J. 214
Paszkowski, J. 75
Paul, W. 170
Pautot, V. 11
Pearson, K.W. 1
Peferoen, M. 72, 130
Pelletier, G. 122
Pen, J. 171
Penarrubia, L. 15, 172
Peng, J. 231
Perl, A. 189
Perl, M. 158
Perlak, F.J. 196
Perrone, D. 226
Peterhans, A. 75
Petrova, T.F. 245
Pfitzner, U.M. 3
Pickett, J.A. 168
Plail, R. 185
Portsteffen, A. 238
Potrykus, I. 233
Potts, D.E. 222
Powell, W. 246
Prakash, C.S. 105
Preece, J.E. 169
Puhler, A. 232
Puonti-Kaerlas, J. 127
Quax, W.J. �171
Quesenberry, J.E. 70
Quijano, L. 214
Radke, S.E. 78, 137
Rafiqul, M. 250
Ramamohan, G. 16
Rasmussen, J. 244
Ravelonandro, M. 56
Ray, C. 70
Rayner, G. 73
Reavey, B. 199
Reavy, B. 99
Reboud, X. 152
Rech, E.L. 153
Redenbaugh, Keith 203
Regner, F. 52, 185
Rherissi, B. 152
Richardson, P.T. 183
Rieping, M. 220
Rietveld, K. 171
Rines, H.W. 209
Ring, D.R. 25, 126
Rivkin, M.I. 103
Roberts, L.M. 183
Rochaix, J.D. 163
Rose, R.J. 104
Rotino, G.L. 226
Rouan, D. 4
Rush, M.C. 82
Russell, D.R. 17
Russell, S.H. 65
Rutledge, R. 144
Ryals, J. 48
Sachs, E.S. 126
Saedler, H. 166
Saito, K. 230
Saito, Y. 61
Sammons, B. 85
Sanders, P.R. 85
Sanders, R.A. 69
Sanford, J.C. 244
Sarath, G. 210
Savka, M.A. 135, 187
Schaefer, S. 176
Schell, J. 117, 120
Schilperoort, R.A. 10
Schoffl, F. 220
Schroeder, H.E. 250
Schultz, S. 3
Schutter, A.A.J.M. de 123
Scofield, S.R. 174
Scott, R. 170
Seneviratne, G. 93
Sengupta-Gopalan, C. 55
Shaul, O. 189
Sheehy, R.E. 69
Shen, W.J. 90
Shepherd, R.J. 176
Shewry, Peter R. 24
Short, S.R. 151
Shui, H. 51
Shumnyi, A.V.K. 103
Sijmons, P.C. 171
Sims, S.R. 126
Sjodin, C. 26
Slatter, R.E. 188
Slightom, J.L. 179, 224
Small, I. 122
Sobolkova, G.I. 2, 76
Somers, D.A. 18, 209
Sonnewald, U. 129
Sowinski, D.A. 33
Spangenberg, G. 233
Sparks, D. 121
Spencer, D. 250
Spencer, T.M. 207
Stapp, B.R. 196
Staraci, L.C. 1
Start, W.G. 207
Staub, J.M. 132
Steinkellner, H. 52, 185
Sterling, J. 242
Stewart, J.M. 95
Stolte, T. 123
Stone, T.B. 126
Sugarman, C. 213
Sugawara, S. 89
Sunohara, G. 144
Sutton, D. 55
Takamizo, T. 233
Takanami, Y. 61
Tamazaki, M. 230
Tang, Y. 22
Tasaka, Y. 108
Tepfer, D. 243
Teycheney, P.Y. 56
Thomas, M.R. 104
Thomas, T.H. 102
Thompson, G.A. 137
Thompson, W.F. 33
Tieman, D.M. 16
Till-Bottraud, I. 152
Tinland, B. 228
Townsend, J. 1
Trolinder, N. �70
Turner, N.E. 85
Ueng, P.P. 27
Umbeck, P.F. 25
United States, National Technical Information Service 98, 110
Upadhyaya, N.M. 101
Usdin, S. 50
Varadarajan, U. 105
Vargas, D. 214
Vasil, I.K. 115
Vasil, V. 115
Vaucheret, H. 11
Vedel, F. 152
Vermeulen, A. 11
Vershinin, A.V. 103
Vetsch, C.S. 222
Vidal, J. 210
Vincent, J.R. 27
Vines, G. 219
Voelker, T.A. 78
Von Caemmerer, S. 184
Wadhams, L.J. 168
Wainwright, C. 1
Wales, R. 183
Wallin, A. 236
Wallsgrove, R.M. 168
Walter, B. 228
Walters, D.A. 222
Wandelt, C.I. 250
Wang, Y.E. 215
Wang, Y.H. 210
Wang, Z.Y. 233
Wanner, G. 3
Ward. E. 48
Warmbrodt, R.D. 30
Warnes, D.D. 18
Warren, G.W. 83
Warren, Graham 160
Waugh, R. 246
Webb, K.J. 136
Webster, K.D. 199
Weil, J.H. 122
Weiser, W. 22
Weiss, H. 52, 185
Weiss, J. Jr 252
Wen, F. 27
Wetzler, R.E. 86
Whelan, E. 134
Whitelam, G. 221
Widholm, J.M. 177, 187
Wiggert, L. 30
Williams, S. 48
Williamson, M.S. 90
Williamson, V.M. 141
Willmitzer, L. 92, 129
Wilson, F.D. 196
Wolf, S. 206
Woodcock, C.M. 168
Woolhouse, H.W. 175
Worrall, D. 170
Worrell, A.C. 78
Wrubel, R.P. 86
Xie, Q. 82
Yamada, K. 106
Yanofsky, M.F. 247
Ye, G.N. 244
Yoder, J.I. 124, 155
Yoneyama, K. 230
Zhensheng, L. 51
2,4-d 70, 225
Acc 67
Acetates 214
Achievement 163
Acyl-coa desaturase 77
Acyltransferases 115, 227, 233
Agricultural biotechnology 31, 110
Agricultural productivity 98
Agricultural products 147
Agricultural research 102
Agrobacterium 12, 193
Agrobacterium rhizogenes 76, 90, 136, 225, 230, 238, 243
Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2, 10, 11, 13, 23, 47, 52, 55, 56,
59, 61, 65, 70, 73, 77, 92, 93, 103, 104, 114, 127, 131, 136,
141, 174, 179, 185, 189, 201, 212, 214, 215, 219, 223, 226,
227, 228, 232, 247, 250
Agronomic characteristics 16, 63, 64, 73, 95, 102, 123, 200
Albumins 1, 153
Alcaligenes 70
Alleles 144, 145
Alpha-amylase 171
Alternative splicing 75, 257
Ambrosia 204
Ambrosia artemisiifolia 214
Amino acid metabolism 111, 189
Amino acid sequence 24, 159
Amino acid sequences 45, 78, 111, 144, 164, 188, 221
Amino acids 1, 165
Amplification 111
Analysis 2
Animal biotechnology 31
Animal breeding 156
Animal diseases 156
Anthers 53, 170
Antibloat agents 81
Antibodies 22, 221, 251
Antisense DNA 15, 16
Antisense RNA 99, 129, 184p
Apical meristems 215
Apocynum 204
Arabidopsis thaliana 4, 11, 26, 47, 65, 78, 92, 108, 114,
117, 120, 144, 151, 247
Arabis mosaic nepovirus 20
Arizona 196
Artificial selection 64
Atropa belladonna 230
Attenuation 239
Auxins 243
Avena fatua 125
Avena sativa 125
Bacillus 119
Bacillus licheniformis 171
Bacillus thuringiensis 32, 48, 60, 66, 72, 83, 130, 146, 196
Bacteria 75
Bacterial insecticides 48, 130
Bacterial proteins 72, 164
Bacterial toxins 48
Bacteriophages 65, 74
Barley 24
Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus 27
Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus 179
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus 251
Belgium 223
Bertholletia excelsa 1, 153
Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera 102, 227
Beta-galactosidase 215
Beta-glucanase 43, 170, 217
Beta-glucuronidase 3, 13, 21, 44, 46, 53, 65, 84, 90, 185,
201, 207, 209, 212, 228, 231, 236, 244
Bibliographies 30
Bilanafos 227, 230
Binding 72
Binding proteins 221
Binding site 183
Biochemical pathways 111, 135, 168, 214, 216, 238
Biocides 168
Biodegradation 32
Biology 173
Biosynthesis 14, 42, 78, 137, 169, 214, 238
Biotechnology 5, 27, 28, 29, 30, 42, 57, 58, 59, 91, 95, 102,
113, 125, 149, 156, 161, 163, 169, 173, 240, 245, 252, 255
Biotechnology industries 31
Brassica campestris 4, 137, 176
Brassica napus 1, 21, 37, 49, 137
Brassica napus var. oleifera 9, 73
Brassica oleracea var. capitata 225
Breeding methods 63, 225, 246
Breeding programs 121, 161, 175
California 37, 42
Callose 170
Callus 22, 76, 105, 115, 127, 187, 222, 224, 231, 233, 236
Carbides 209
Carbohydrate metabolism 16, 129
Carya illinoensis 121
Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus 3, 55, 75, 117, 172, 174,
176, 230, 248
Cell culture 22, 82, 186
Cell cultures 177
Cell differentiation 177
Cell suspensions 53, 164, 209, 233
Cell ultrastructure 206, 250
Cell wall components 43, 170
Cell walls 16, 43, 170
Cells 136, 186
Cercospora 195
Chemical composition 250
Chemical ecology 168
Chemical reactions 16, 164
Chemicals 48
Chenopodium quinoa 251
Chimeras 1, 3, 49, 105, 129, 222
Chimerism 111
China 51
Chitinase 164
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 220
Chlorophyll a/b binding protein 151, 201
Chloroplast genetics 132, 152, 163, 189
Chloroplasts 152
Chlorsulfuron 11, 47, 144
Chromatin 44
Chromosome addition 51
Chromosome analysis 127
Chromosome substitution 51
Chromosome translocation 51
Chromosome walking 247
Chromosomes 188
Cichorium intybus 11
Circadian rhythm 151
Citrus 12
Clones 198
Cloning 6, 19, 42, 56, 78, 141, 248
Clover yellow vein potyvirus 179
Coat proteins 20, 23, 45, 56, 99, 123, 154, 197, 198, 199,
239
Cold tolerance 108
Coloring 114
Consumer behavior 193
Controlling elements 3, 4, 33, 90, 145, 201, 215, 220
Cosmids 247
Cotyledons 174, 212
Crop damage 25, 83
Crop management 95
Crop production 57, 58, 102, 149, 162, 200
Crop quality 57, 58, 64
Crop yield 64, 73, 84, 121
Cropping systems 102
Crops 5, 8, 30, 32, 60, 64, 72, 97, 99, 100, 111, 113, 167,
168, 175, 178, 205, 235, 240, 242, 255
Crown gall 10
Cryptococcus albidus 257
Crystal inclusions 72
Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus 61
Cucumis sativus 224
Cultivars 82, 102, 121, 123, 152, 161, 196, 199, 228
Culture techniques 226
Cuttings 84
Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus 45
Cytogenetics 245
Cytokinins 13, 173, 243
Datura stramonium 238
Daucus carota 212, 232
Defense mechanisms 71, 168, 175
Deletions 65, 74, 90, 92, 201
Deoxyribonuclease i 174, 248
Detoxification 111
Diagnosis 156
Dihydrofolate reductase 120
Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii 172, 219
Direct DNAuptake 60, 75, 92, 115, 132, 153, 201, 207, 209,
222, 224, 231, 233
Discs 2
Disease resistance 17, 27, 52, 71, 81, 93, 112, 146, 154,
179, 185, 197
Disease vectors 130, 239
Dna 10, 44, 45, 61, 78, 91, 132, 136, 141, 152, 155, 176,
212, 243, 251
Dna binding proteins 4, 44
Dna libraries 247
Dna sequencing 246
Drug resistance 82, 127, 209, 222, 233, 247
Dry matter accumulation 129
Effects 173
Electroporation 90
Embryogenesis 21, 115, 145, 233
Endoplasmic reticulum 244, 250
Endotoxins 48
Environmental impact 64, 255, 256
Environmental policy 255
Enzyme activity 2, 3, 16, 47, 70, 111, 128, 129, 139, 144,
158, 170, 171, 184, 189, 216, 230, 232, 236, 238
Enzyme inhibitors 167
Enzymes 195
Escherichia coli 3, 13, 189
Ethanol production 142
Ethylene 172
Ethylene production 15
Etiolation 33
Europe 64, 102
European communities 64
Evolution 4, 43
Exons 55
Exotoxins 21
Expert systems 149
Explants 127
Extracellular spaces 244
Exudates 135
Fatty acids 14, 73, 77
Fatty alcohols 42
Feed supplements 116
Feeding behavior 25
Ferredoxin 33
Fertility 82, 127, 205, 253
Festuca arundinacea 233
Fiber quality 95
Fibers 209
Field experimentation 64, 73, 84
Field tests 62, 83, 86, 157, 178, 192, 242
Filters 251
Fixation 251
Flatulence 140
Flooding tolerance 229
Florida 85, 138
Flowers 53, 163
Fluorimetry 2
Fodder crops 91
Foliar spraying 48
Food 237
Food biotechnology 5, 64, 68, 89, 106, 118, 218
Food crops 29, 218
Food industry 5, 97, 171
Food production 162
Food quality 14, 50, 96
Food safety 36, 40, 54, 79, 80, 88, 109, 118, 133, 134, 148,
150, 190, 191, 241, 254
Foods 5
Formation 173
Fragaria ananassa 236
Free radicals 195
Fresh products 79, 106, 237
Frost resistance 108
Fruit 133
Fruits 15, 16, 36, 121, 134, 148, 172, 191, 219
Galactose 183
Gametogenesis 124
Gelechiidae 1963
Geminivirus group 17
Gene dosage 217
Gene expression 1, 3, 4, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 33, 43,
44, 45, 46, 48, 53, 55, 72, 73, 75, 84, 90, 96, 99, 103, 105,
111, 117, 122, 123, 128, 129, 136, 137, 145, 151, 153, 154,
158, 164, 167, 171, 172, 174, 179, 187, 188, 189, 197, 201,
207, 212, 215, 216, 217, 220, 221, 222, 224, 236, 244, 251,
257
Gene flow 152
Gene mapping 26, 69, 175, 246, 250
Gene splicing 21, 74
Gene transfer 1, 11, 23, 45, 47, 52, 56, 60, 63, 69, 70, 82,
92, 105, 115, 122, 125, 131, 136, 153, 154, 155, 167, 172,
185, 187, 193, 197, 208, 209, 224, 227, 230, 231, 233, 236,
251, 256 Genes 1, 10, 13, 19, 20, 22, 23, 42, 45, 65, 70,
72, 76, 82, 95, 99, 111, 122, 123, 141, 144, 164, 166, 167,
169, 197, 198, 199, 215, 217, 220, 225, 227, 239, 244, 257
Genetic analysis 26, 69, 117, 226
Genetic change 124, 174
Genetic code 165, 232
Genetic contamination 152
Genetic control 139, 163
Genetic engineering 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 19, 22, 29,
30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 49, 50, 51, 54,
59, 60, 62, 64, 67, 68, 71, 72, 74, 76, 79, 80, 81, 86, 87,
88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 107, 108, 109,
111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 119, 121, 123, 130, 131, 133, 134,
137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 156,
162, 163, 166, 168, 169, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181,
183, 186, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205,
210, 211, 213, 216, 218, 219, 223, 228, 229, 235, 237, 241,
246, 247, 248, 253, 254, 255, 256
Genetic factors 102
Genetic improvement 64, 71, 175, 186
Genetic markers 12, 120, 125, 132, 228, 247
Genetic polymorphism 246
Genetic regulation 21, 33, 43, 46, 48, 90, 99, 135, 145, 151,
172, 201, 217, 220
Genetic resistance 18, 19, 20, 23, 45, 60, 61, 71, 85, 99,
100, 123, 165, 197, 198, 199, 239
Genetic resources 64, 246
Genetic transformation 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16,
20, 21, 22, 23, 33, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 52, 53, 55, 56, 60,
61, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 82, 84, 90, 92,
96, 99, 100, 103, 104, 105, 111, 115, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124,
127, 129, 132, 136, 144, 145, 153, 158, 164, 165, 167, 168,
170, 171, 172, 174, 179, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 197, 198,
199, 201, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 215, 217, 220, 221, 222,
224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 243, 244,
247, 248, 250, 257
Genetic variation 136
Genetics 176, 245
Genome analysis 27, 155, 246
Genomes 91, 99, 132, 163, 188
Genotypes 12, 25, 26, 63, 105, 246
Georgia 121
Germplasm 121
Glucose 129
Glufosinate 115, 125, 227, 230, 232, 233
Glutamate-ammonia ligase 46, 90
Glutathione transferase 111
Glycine max 145, 187, 220
Gossypium 7, 25, 59, 95, 126
Gossypium hirsutum 70, 146, 196
Grain 43
Grain crops 71, 191
Gramineae 245
Growth 25, 47, 177
Guard cells 215
Guidelines 80
Haploids 217
Haploidy 245
Heat shock 220
Heat shock proteins 220
Heavy metals 204
Helicoverpa zea 126
Heliothis virescens 25, 83, 126, 131
Herbicide resistance 11, 18, 34, 47, 65, 70, 87, 100, 107,
111, 115, 125, 138, 144, 175, 177, 209, 227, 230, 233
Herbicide safeners 111
Herbicides 111
Heterosis 119
Hexosyltransferases 129
Histochemistry 13, 215
Histoenzymology 3
Homologous recombination 92
Homozygotes 217
Hordeum 43
Hordeum vulgare 186
Horizontal resistance 19
Horticultural crops 71
Host range 198
Hosts of plant pests 130
Hyaluronidase 2, 76
Hybrid seed production 49
Hybridization 96
Hydrolysis 170, 171
Hygromycin b 82, 127, 222, 233, 247
Hypocotyls 212
Igg 221
Illinois 85
Imagery 149
Imidazolinone herbicides 144
Immunocytochemistry 206
Immunoglobulin structural genes 22, 221
Immunoglobulins 22
Immunology 251
Import substitution 37
Improvement 59, 95, 140
In vitro culture 12, 71, 226, 238
In vitro selection 71, 233
Induced mutations 22, 144, 201
Induced resistance 154, 197
Industrial applications 171
Industrial crops 5, 139
Infection 199, 206
Infections 99
Inheritance 16, 47, 70, 82, 127, 136, 207, 222, 224, 230, 231
Innovations 64
Inoculum 147
Insect control 175
Insect pests 60, 101, 167, 196
Insecticidal action 72, 130, 167
Insecticidal properties 72
Insertional mutagenesis 117, 124, 166, 174
Intergeneric hybridization 64
International cooperation 29, 192
International organizations 29
Interspecific hybridization 152
Introns 4, 55, 75, 257
Ipomoea batatas 105
Isoenzymes 43
Isolation 166
Kanamycin 11, 209
Kenya 249
Kinases 189
Labeling 109
Laboratory methods 69, 251
Lactuca sativa 172
Larvae 25, 131
Law 86
Leaf veins 215
Leaves 2, 33, 45, 46, 53, 55, 61, 77, 158, 172, 189, 198,
201, 250
Lectins 145, 167
Legumes 140
Leucine 122
Licenses 7, 67
Ligases 47, 55, 84, 174, 189, 215, 224, 227
Light 33, 46, 201, 221
Line differences 47
Lines 83, 154, 196, 239
Linkage 82, 207
Linum usitatissimum 47
Lipid metabolism 14, 137
Literature reviews 10, 19, 22, 51, 71, 100, 130, 140, 147,
161, 166, 200, 216
Loci 82, 124
Lotus corniculatus 81, 90
Luciferase 74, 151
Luminescence 151
Lycopersicon esculentum 4, 15, 16, 32, 35, 38, 39, 40, 41,
54, 61, 67, 85, 89, 124, 141, 150, 155, 172, 180, 181, 190,
241
Lysine 189
Maize starch 171
Male sterility 21, 119, 170, 205
Malting quality 43
Malus pumila 243
Manduca sexta 48, 83
Mapping 91
Marker genes 62, 75, 105, 125, 136, 185, 193, 208, 225
Market planning 37
Marketing 64, 67, 116
Marketing policy 113
Mechanical transmission 239
Medicago sativa 55, 103, 250
Medicago truncatula 104
Medicinal plants 194, 252
Medium chain fatty acids 78
Meiosis 170
Meloidogyne 141
Mesophyll 206, 215
Messenger RNA 16, 33, 45, 48, 56, 75, 129, 151, 174, 217,
257
Metabolism 43, 173, 177, 232
Methionine 1, 116, 153
Methodology 104, 136
Methotrexate 120
Metsulfuron 47
Microbial activities �147
Microbial biotechnology 110, 182
Microbial pesticides 255
Micromanipulation 34
Micropropagation 169
Milk production 89
Mitochondria 122
Mitochondrial genetics 122
Mixed cropping 175
Mode of action 72, 99
Modification 95
Molecular biology 91, 163, 177, 246
Molecular conformation 122, 214
Molecular genetics 101, 117, 137, 139
Monoclonal antibodies 91, 221
Monocotyledons 223
Multigene families 4, 46, 55
Mutagenesis 22, 56
Mutants 144
Mutations 4, 21, 111, 122, 145, 183, 210
Myrothecium verrucaria 107
Myzus persicae 239
Natural enemies 131
Netherlands 202
New products 36, 50, 106, 109, 134, 148
Nicotiana 45, 52, 56, 83, 131, 165, 179
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia 217
Nicotiana tabacum 3, 4, 13, 20, 21, 33, 44, 46, 48, 53, 56,
62, 65, 70, 74, 75, 77, 90, 107, 108, 119, 128, 132, 135, 144,
145, 154, 158, 164, 170, 171, 174, 184, 188, 194, 195, 197,
201, 206, 209, 215, 217, 220, 221, 232, 239, 244, 250, 251,
252, 257
Non-food products 139
Nopaline 174
North Carolina 83, 131, 195, 252
Nucleases 74
Nucleoproteins 44
Nucleotide sequence 203
Nucleotide sequences 4, 43, 45, 46, 53, 122, 144, 154, 165,
221, 232, 239, 248, 257
Nucleotidyltransferases 129
Nutrition labeling3 68
O-glycoside hydrolases 257
Octopine 174
Oilseed plants 139
Oilseeds 191
Organogenesis 127, 243
Ornamental woody plants 169
Oryza sativa 63, 82, 195, 201, 229, 231
Outcrossing 152
Oxidation 216
Oxidoreductases 15, 70, 173, 238
Oxo-acid-lyases 65, 144
Oxygen 195
Palmitoleic acid 77
Parasites of insect pests 131
Parenchyma 53
Pasture plants 91
Patents 64, 181
Pathogenesis 206
Pathogenesis-related proteins 3, 48, 71, 135, 164
Pathogenicity 17, 85, 179
Pea early-browning tobravirus 165
Pectinesterase 16
Pectinophora gossypiella 196
Pectins 16
Pepper mottle virus 179
Peptides 244
Peroxidation 14
Pest resistance 18, 25, 32, 60, 66, 72, 100, 131, 141, 167,
196
Pesticides 32
Petunia 170
Ph 238
Phaseolin 55, 75
Phaseolus vulgaris 17, 46, 55, 75, 90, 122, 153
Phenotypes 26, 154, 225
Philippines 229
Phloem 53
Phosphatidylcholines 77
Phosphodiesterase i 158
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 210
Phosphoric diester hydrolases 158
Phosphorylation 210
Phosphotransferases 55, 73, 74, 84, 92, 127, 208, 209, 222,
224, 231, 233
Photosynthesis 177, 184
Phytoalexins 71
Phytochrome 151, 221
Pisum sativum 33, 127, 188, 244
Plant 19, 170
Plant anatomy 250
Plant biotechnology 31, 98, 110, 159, 160, 182
Plant breeding 17, 18, 27, 30, 51, 52, 57, 58, 63, 64, 69,
81, 147, 156, 161, 175, 200, 205, 218, 246
Plant breeding methods 91, 139
Plant composition 238
Plant development 13, 100, 129, 163
Plant disease control 85, 99
Plant diseases 19, 23, 156
Plant embryos 63, 153, 185, 212
Plant genetic engineering 98, 203
Plant growth regulators 169
Plant height 84
Plant molecular biology 159
Plant morphology 13, 127
Plant oils 249
Plant organs 2, 13
Plant pathogens 19, 156
Plant pests 156, 196
Plant physiology 102, 216
Plant protection 71, 99, 111, 162, 167
Plant proteins 1, 15, 21, 84, 129, 167, 172
Plant tissues 13, 14, 136, 186
Plant viruses 99, 165, 175, 179�
Plants 10, 22, 86, 159, 163, 166, 177, 188, 208, 211, 213,
234, 248
Plasmids 10, 75, 76, 103, 104, 115, 132, 136, 197, 215, 247,
248
Plasmodesmata 206
Plastics 6
Plastids 132
Plastocyanins 188
Plum pox potyvirus 23, 52, 56, 93, 185
Pollen 170, 256
Polyacetylenes 214
Polyethylene glycol 231
Polygalacturonase 40
Polyhydroxybutyrate 6
Polymerase chain reaction 156
Polyuronides 16
Pome fruits 112
Potato leaf roll luteovirus 198, 199
Potato starch 171
Potato x potexvirus 123
Potato y potyvirus 179
Precocity 121
Precursors 188, 214
Product development 32
Prolificacy 121
Promoters 3, 4, 13, 21, 33, 46, 48, 53, 55, 74, 84, 90, 128,
145, 151, 170, 172, 174, 201, 212, 215, 220
Propagation 176
Protein analysis 251
Protein quality 140
Protein secretion 22, 164, 244
Protein synthesis 111, 135
Protein transport 244
Protein value 1
Proteinase inhibitors 128
Proteins 4
Protoplast fusion 64
Protoplasts 22, 63, 75, 82, 90, 92, 136, 164, 186, 187, 231,
233, 236, 239, 251
Prunus armeniaca 23, 93, 185
Pseudogenes 3
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21
Public opinion 35, 94, 193
Purification 238
Quantitative analysis 135
Radicles 212
Radioactive tracers 214
Rapeseed oil 37, 137
Raphanus sativus 256
Rats 77
Recombinant DNA 46, 48, 53, 55, 56, 90, 151, 172, 174, 193,
201, 205, 212, 244, 255
Recombinant vaccines 255
Recombination 65, 74
Regeneration 63, 222, 234
Regenerative ability 105, 115, 127, 136, 185, 186, 187, 225,
226, 231, 233, 236, 243
Regulation 38, 210
Regulations 8, 35, 36, 41, 54, 64, 68, 88, 89, 118, 133, 134,
148, 150, 189, 190, 191, 211, 213, 221, 240, 241, 242, 254
Release 64
Remote sensing 149
Repetitive DNA 201
Replication 20, 199, 239
Reporter genes 3, 13, 21, 44, 46, 53, 55, 65, 73, 74, 84, 90,
92, 115, 127, 136, 151, 201, 207, 208, 209, 212, 215, 220,
222, 224, 226, 231, 233, 244, 247
Research 67
Research projects 29, 249
Research support 195
Resistance 7, 120, 253
Responses 99
Restriction fragment length polymorphism 91, 132, 200
Restriction mapping 44, 152, 248
Retail marketing 113
Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase 184
Ricin 183
Ripening 15, 16, 54, 172, 180
Risk 86, 152, 193
Rna 20, 49, 61, 99, 239, 251
Rna editing 163
Root meristems 46, 215
Root nodules 55, 90
Rooting 169
Rooting capacity 169
Roots 33, 47, 55, 76, 90, 105, 189, 212, 214, 238, 243
Rootstocks 243
Safety 208, 242
Salicylic acid 128
Saturated fatty acids 137
Scarabaeidae 101
Secondary metabolites 167, 168, 173
Seed crops 136
Seed development 1
Seed germination 43, 221
Seed industry 64
Seed quality 73
Seedlings 33
Seeds 1, 55, 78, 171
Segregation 21, 47, 152, 207
Selection criteria 63, 95, 121, 139
Self pollination 245
Semiochemicals 168
Serine 210
Serotypes 27
Serratia marcescens 164
Setaria (gramineae) 152
Setaria italica 152
Setaria verticillata 152
Setaria viridis 152
Shoot cuttings 169
Shoots 12, 127, 212
Silicon 209
Simmondsia chinensis 42
Snacks 6
Solanum 226
Solanum tuberosum 2, 6, 50, 76, 84, 122, 123, 129, 143, 189,
198, 199
Somaclonal variation 67, 71, 84, 169, 186
Somatic embryogenesis 212, 234
Somatic hybridization 71, 246
Somatic mutations 174
Somatotropin 89
Sorghum 210
Southern blotting 124
Spatial distribution 151, 250
Spatial variation 212
Species differences 136
Starch 129, 142, 143, 171
Starch industry 171
Stearic acid 37
Stems 12, 46, 55
Strain differences 85
Strains 72, 104, 228
Stress response 114, 216
Structural genes 15, 16, 21, 33, 47, 48, 55, 56, 75, 77, 90,
115, 129, 145, 153, 158, 171, 174, 189, 206
Structure activity relationships 72, 111
Sucrose 128, 129
Sulfonylurea herbicides 65, 227
Superoxide dismutase 216
Survival 25, 131
Susceptibility 239
Suspensions 63
Sustainable agriculture 28
Sweet tasting compounds 172
Sweetness 219, 237
Symbiosis 147
Symptoms 99, 179, 239
Synthetic genes 172, 221
Systems 63
Tannins 81
Targeted mutagenesis 92, 166
Techniques 234
Temporal variation 151, 212
Tetraploidy 127
Thinning 121
Tissue culture 64, 186, 207, 222, 228�
Tissue cultures 63
Tobacco etch potyvirus 154, 179, 239
Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus 56, 85, 158, 194, 206, 252
Tolerance 20, 216
Tomato mosaic tobamovirus 85
Tomato spotted wilt virus 197
Tomatoes 203
Toxic substances 168
Toxicity 72
Transcription 4, 56, 61, 145, 151, 220, 239, 248, 257
Transfer 76, 225
Transfer RNA 122, 173
Transferases 207, 230, 232
Transgenics 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 20,
21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55,
56, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 82,
83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 92, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 115, 117,
120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 135, 136,
141, 144, 145, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 164, 165, 167,
170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 179, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191,
193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201, 206, 207, 208, 209, 212, 214,
215, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 230, 231,
232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 242, 243, 244, 248, 249,
250, 251, 255, 256, 257
Translation 4
Transposable elements 26, 124, 155, 166, 174
Triticum 51, 234
Triticum aestivum 34, 87, 115, 138, 253
Tropane alkaloids 238
Tubers 2, 84, 129, 189
U.S.A. 8, 36, 38, 41, 62, 64, 80, 81, 86, 88, 89, 91, 133,
134, 148, 150, 161, 181, 191, 211, 213, 240, 241, 242, 254
UK 102, 149
Ultrastructure 43
Umbellularia californica 78
Unclassified plant viruses 53
Uptake 122
USDA 8, 38, 41, 54, 62, 67, 86, 89, 157, 190, 213, 240, 241,
242
Vandalism 202
Variation 99
Variegation 174
Varietal resistance 99, 130, 167, 168, 175
Varieties 64
Vectors 10, 22, 56, 75, 111, 132, 136, 167, 176, 248
Vegetables 6, 36, 88, 94, 133, 134, 148, 191, 219, 254
Vegetative propagation 84
Vernonia 249
Vertical resistance 19
Vicilin 244, 250
Viral antigens 198, 239
Viral diseases 99
Viral proteins 158, 206
Virulence 10, 99
Vitis 228
Waste treatment 204
Watermelon mosaic virus 2 179
Wheat 96
Wild plants 152
Yield factors 121
Yield increases 121
Zea mays 4, 6, 26, 53, 116, 124, 142, 146, 155, 166, 174,
195, 201, 202, 207, 209, 222, 229
Zimbabwe 249
Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus 179