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Henry J. Hyde \(Chairman of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the Committee\) presiding. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.33 Tw (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 218.4491 443 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.0808 443 Tm 0.33 Tw (. The Committee will come to order. In com-)Tj -8.9081 -1 TD 0.252 Tw (memoration of Human Rights Day, I stated, at the dawn of the )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (21st century, there can be no doubt that the security of democracy )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (in an increasingly dangerous world is linked inexorably with the ef-)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (forts of democratic nations to advance the interests of human dig-)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (nity and human rights across the globe. With these words in mind, )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (it is with great pleasure that I convene this hearing to review the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (status of human rights and democracy around the world. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.262 Tw (The United States leadership in advocating human rights and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.294 Tw (promoting democratic values is unyielding and unwavering. The )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (President, the Secretary of State, and you, Mr. Craner, are to be )Tj T* 0.284 Tw (commended for your dedication to the alleviation of suffering of )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (those who reside in the numerous oppressed societies spanning our )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (globe. However, you know as well as I that bringing visionary poli-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (cies and initiatives into reality requires not only leadership and vi-)Tj T* 0.188 Tw (sion but the concerted efforts of those around you. So I would be )Tj T* (remiss if I did not also acknowledge and thank the many foreign )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (service officers and State Department workers whose tireless ef-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (forts enable important and ambitious goals to be actualized. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (I must also mention the indefatigable work and commitment of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (the Members of this Committee to alleviating human suffering and )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (promoting democratic values. During the past year, landmark leg-)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (islation, including the Millennium Challenge Account and the HIV/)Tj T* 0.268 Tw (AIDS bill, were debated, agreed upon, and passed by this Com-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (mittee. Crucial reauthorizations of the Torture Victims Relief Act )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (and the Trafficking Victims Protection Act were also agreed to and )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (passed by this Committee. The Burmese Freedom and Democracy )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (Act was authored by my good friend and colleague, the Ranking )Tj T* (Democratic Member, Mr. Lantos. The past year also marked the )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (fifth anniversary of the passage of the International Religious Free-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (dom Act, which was shepherded by this Committee. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (I commend my colleagues for these vital pieces of legislation and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (partition participation in commensurate hearings and markups. We )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00005)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 25 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 4923 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.184 Tw (do not have time to illustrate all of the human rights resolutions )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (that have come before the Court, but suffice it to say, they are nu-)Tj T* 0.288 Tw (merous and further reflect Committee Members, both Democrat )Tj T* 0.208 Tw (and Republic, stalwart support of the promotion of human rights )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (around the globe. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (This hearing is particularly timely, as next week is the sixtieth )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, and )Tj T* 0.318 Tw (it convenes to, once again, cast the spotlight on and provide a )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (forum for discussing the progress and regress of defenders and of-)Tj T* 0.248 Tw (fenders of human rights around the world, as well as an oppor-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tunity to accordingly commend or condemn those countries. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (Last week, the House passed a resolution sponsored by the Vice )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.284 Tw (Chair of this Committee, Mr. Smith of New Jersey, urging this )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (years United States representative to the Commission in Geneva )Tj T* 0.226 Tw (to sponsor a resolution on the Peoples Republic of China calling )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (upon the PRC to stop human rights violations. Chinas numerous )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (violations and abuses are extensively covered in this years )Tj /F8 1 Tf 28.0616 0 TD 0 Tw (Country )Tj -28.0616 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (Reports on Human Rights Practices)Tj /F1 1 Tf 16.9237 0 TD (, and I look forward to hearing )Tj -16.9237 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (the Administrations position on sponsorship of this resolution, as )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (well as on other resolutions it intends to sponsor and support. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (I would also request that Mr. Craner comment on the status of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (the State Departments implementation of the Freedom Investment )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (Act as it pertains to the placement of foreign service officers whose )Tj T* 0.298 Tw (primary responsibility is to monitor human rights developments )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and missions abroad. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (Before turning to our review of the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 16.8318 0 TD (Country Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.5909 0 TD (, I cannot fail )Tj -25.4226 -1 TD 0.326 Tw (to mention the distinguished career and tragic death of a true )Tj T* 0.228 Tw (human rights champion, Mr. Sergio Vieira de Mello. Minister de )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (Mellos career at the United Nations spanned decades, and his leg-)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (acy will long be remembered and cherished. It is with the deepest )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (sympathy that our condolences go out to the de Mello family and )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (the families of the 22 United Nations workers who lost their lives )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (on a hot August day in Iraq in selfless duty to others. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.228 Tw (As chronicled in this years )Tj /F8 1 Tf 13.8808 0 TD (Country Reports on Human Rights )Tj -14.8808 -1 TD 0 Tw (Practices)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.1459 0 TD 0.236 Tw (, we have witnessed tremendous progress and continued )Tj -4.1459 -1 TD 0.142 Tw (vigilance in striving to attain a world where human rights are re-)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (spected and the seeds of democracy flourish. We need only look at )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (Iraq, at the restoration of freedom and dignity to the Iraqi people, )Tj T* 0.082 Tw (and with the capture of Saddam Hussein, the citizens of that coun-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (try will no longer live in fear of this tyrant. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (In Afghanistan, we witnessed the adoption of a new constitution, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (a process that incorporated the participation of women and ethnic )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (minorities. Although serious and sustained work must be continued )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (in these countries, the citizens of each are experiencing freedoms )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (that were unheard of in previous decades. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (In Africa, the government of Kenya continues building on its suc-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.446 Tw (cess, now calling for the creation of an independent national )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (human rights commission. In Sierra Leone, we see continued ef-)Tj T* 0.158 Tw (forts to stabilize the country and the progress of the special court )Tj T* 0.334 Tw (which handed down 13 indictments, including an indictment of )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (Charles Taylor. In Liberia, we are cautiously optimistic about the )Tj T* 0.364 Tw (cooperative traditional government agreement and the elections )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (scheduled for 2005. However, we continue to have grave concerns )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (about the conditions in Liberia, particularly in those areas where )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00006)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 28 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Length 4504 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (3)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.168 Tw (U.N. peacekeepers are unable to access. This Committee will con-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (tinue to monitor the situation very closely. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.336 Tw (In the Middle East, we have witnessed incremental improve-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.3 Tw (ments, particularly in the area of governance, from the govern-)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (ments of Morocco, Qatar, Jordan, Yemen, and Oman. Additionally, )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (President Bush is to be commended for his commitment to foster )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (and support democratic practices in the Middle East. I look forward )Tj T* 0.074 Tw (to working with the Administration to bring these objectives to fru-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ition. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (In the Western Hemisphere, the electoral processes in Argentina, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (Guatemala, Barbados, Grenada, Belize, and Paraguay were deemed )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (free and fair. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (In Bosnia and Herzegovnia, new criminal codes and criminal-pro-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (cedure codes at the state and entity levels were adopted. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (I cannot fail to mention the efforts of the people of Hong Kong, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (who took to the streets twice during the past year in peaceful dem-)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (onstrations that yielded positive results, including the holding of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (open, local, council elections. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.254 Tw (However, these successes are tempered with setbacks and dis-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (appointments. In a speech addressing the National Endowment for )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (Democracy, the President referred to Cuba, Burma, North Korea, )Tj T* 0.276 Tw (and Zimbabwe as outposts of oppression in our world. Indeed, )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (this is the case, and our thoughts and prayers are with the people )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (and families who are struggling to exist and function in these bas-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tions of repression. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (I note, we are quickly approaching the March 18th anniversary )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (of last years brutal crackdown on democracy activists in Cuba. In )Tj T* 0.246 Tw (Burma, Aung San Sun Kyi remains under house arrest, and re-)Tj T* 0.108 Tw (ports on conditions in North Korea and Zimbabwe are increasingly )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (horrific and disturbing. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (As we discussed on the Floor last week, in conjunction with the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (passage of H. Res. 530, the Peoples Republic of China has not ful-)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (filled commitments made during the 2002 bilateral human rights )Tj T* 0.444 Tw (dialogue to improve human rights conditions and allow unre-)Tj T* 0.59 Tw (stricted access to international monitors. Assistant Secretary )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (Craner has used the term backsliding to describe Chinas efforts )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (on key human rights issues. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.232 Tw (We remain deeply concerned and troubled about the continued )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.186 Tw (incarceration of political prisoners of conscience, the repression of )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (practitioners in unregistered or unauthorized religious groups, the )Tj T* 0.336 Tw (governments one-child policy, and the continued forced repatri-)Tj T* 0.068 Tw (ation of North Korean refugees in contravention of the 1951 United )Tj T* 0.296 Tw (Nations convention related to refugees and its 1967 protocol, of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (which China is a party. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.386 Tw (In Iran, we welcome the well-deserved recognition for Nobel )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (Peace Prize Recipient Shirin Ebadi, an Iranian human rights law-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (yer and activist, while also recognizing that the people of this coun-)Tj T* 0.23 Tw (try continue to suffer under a government that engages in gross )Tj T* 0.53 Tw (human rights violations and systematically stifles burgeoning )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (democratic efforts of its citizenry. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (Unfortunately, there is not enough time in this forum to discuss )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (the panoply of instances of abuse and repression of our fellow men )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (and women around the globe. So I will conclude by saying that I )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (look forward to todays important discussion and now turn to the )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00007)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 31 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Length 4585 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (4)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.122 Tw (distinguished Congressman and human rights advocate, the Rank-)Tj 0 -1.03 TD 0.052 Tw (ing Democratic Member, Mr. Lantos. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.216 Tw (Mr. L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2696 620.4 Tm 0 Tw (ANTOS)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.1652 620.4 Tm 0.216 Tw (. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. Let me, at )Tj -6.7165 -1.03 TD 0.222 Tw (the outset, commend you for your powerful and steadfast leader-)Tj T* (ship on the issue of human rights globally. Let me also mention )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (that the bipartisan Congressional Human Rights Caucus celebrated )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (its twentieth anniversary this past fall, and we had the privilege )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of having the Dalai Lama be our keynote speaker. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.214 Tw (Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you for holding this important )Tj -1 -1.03 TD 0.118 Tw (hearing to review our State Departments annual )Tj /F8 1 Tf 23.8846 0 TD (Country Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.6349 0 TD 0 Tw (. )Tj -31.5195 -1.03 TD 0.176 Tw (In launching this years reports, the Administration has explicitly )Tj T* 0.206 Tw (linked U.S. efforts to advance human rights to our broader goals )Tj T* 0.208 Tw (in the war against terrorism. I strongly support this logical link. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.128 Tw (The September 11th attacks on America made it vividly clear to )Tj -1 -1.03 TD 0.228 Tw (all of us that the morally bankrupt, corrupt, and illegitimate re-)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (gimes that are the worst human rights violators create cesspools of )Tj T* 0.228 Tw (disaffection, intolerance, and hatred that generate terrorists. Un-)Tj T* 0.32 Tw (fortunately, this years hard-hitting reports reveal that America )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (still has a lot of work ahead to drain the swamps that continue to )Tj 0 -1.02 TD (provide a rich recruiting ground for al-Qaeda and other global ter-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (rorist organizations. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.108 Tw (We find that in key states, such as Algeria, Iran, Syria, Tunisia, )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.28 Tw (Lebanon, and Indonesia, horrendous human rights situations ei-)Tj T* 0.182 Tw (ther showed no improvement and, in some cases, worsened. Even )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (in states that the Administration calls allies in the war against ter-)Tj T* 0.064 Tw (rorism, such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the reports generally indi-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (cate that the governments human rights record remain poor while )Tj T* 0.302 Tw (noting minimal improvements in some areas. Yet, incomprehen-)Tj T* 0.192 Tw (sibly, the reports introduction touts these minimal improvements )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (with the bland assertion that change continued across much of the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Arab world. But what kind of change? )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.062 Tw (Closer examination reveals that in the critical cases of Egypt and )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.198 Tw (Saudi Arabia, the minimal changes have been largely ineffectual, )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (show no real progress, or are merely cosmetic. At the same time, )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (in both countries, security forces continue to torture and abuse de-)Tj T* 0.27 Tw (tainees and prisoners, and both regimes continue to repress the )Tj T* 0.312 Tw (fundamental rights of their citizens, particularly women, in the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (case of Saudi Arabia. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.078 Tw (If we are going to reform these so-called allies, our rhetoric has )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.09 Tw (to be backed up with more than just grants from USAID. Profound )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (structural change is called for, and the Secretary and the President )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (will need to demand these changes with the same urgency that )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (they demand greater cooperation in intelligence and security mat-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ters. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.314 Tw (Right now, Mr. Chairman, the message is clearly not getting )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.136 Tw (through. In response to the United States-sponsored reform initia-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (tive launched at last weeks Arab League foreign ministers meet-)Tj T* 0.446 Tw (ing, Egyptian President Mubarak sounded very much like an )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (unreconstructed ruler, stating:)Tj 2 -1.42 TD 0.078 Tw (If we open the door completely before the people, there will be )Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (chaos.)Tj -2 -1.42 TD 0.052 Tw (Egypts foreign minister, Maher, absurdly added:)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00008)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 34 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 4786 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (5)Tj -13.622 -2 TD 0.092 Tw (The basic obstacle to the reform process is the continuation of )Tj 0 -0.99 TD 0.118 Tw (Israeli aggression against the Palestinian people and the Arab )Tj T* 0.268 Tw (peoples. It is difficult to explain human rights conditions in )Tj T* 0.322 Tw (Saudi Arabia by reference to the continuing dispute in the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Middle East.)Tj -1 -1.39 TD 0.224 Tw (This years reports, unfortunately, play right into the hands of )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.248 Tw (some corrupt dictators by harshly and unfairly characterizing as )Tj T* 0.262 Tw (excessive Israels response to the unrelenting terrorist attacks it )Tj T* 0.778 Tw (faces from global terrorist organizations, such as Hamas, )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (Hezbollah, and the Islamic Jihad. It is ironic that the same report )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (that so roundly condemns Israeli counter-terrorism measures con-)Tj T* 0.238 Tw (cedes that they would like to have a 50 percent decrease in the )Tj T* 0.118 Tw (number of attacks in the country by Palestinian groups or individ-)Tj T* 0.198 Tw (uals compared to 2002. Even after cutting the number of attacks )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (in half, the State of Israel suffered more than 150 attacks that )Tj T* 0.206 Tw (killed 213 men, women, and children. Given Israels size, propor-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tionately this would equate to 11,000 assassinated Americans. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.156 Tw (Mr. Chairman, can you imagine the level of force the U.S. mili-)Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.182 Tw (tary would unleash against terrorist groups based in Bethesda or )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (Chevy Chase if they were sending suicide bombers each and every )Tj T* 0.258 Tw (day to maim and kill innocent people in restaurants and super-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (markets in the District of Columbia? )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.198 Tw (On a more positive note, the reports are blunt and accurate in )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.196 Tw (describing the alarming and deteriorating human rights situation )Tj T* 0.224 Tw (in both China and Russia. I hope that these honest assessments )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (will generate stiff and effective responses. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.142 Tw (In the case of Russia, the United States should make clear that )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.176 Tw (if President Putin continues to behave like a dictator, he will not )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (maintain his current standing in the club of civilized nations. An )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (authoritarian Russia does not belong as a partner or a member in )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (the G8. At a minimum, we need to insist that Putin immediately )Tj T* 0.33 Tw (desist from indicting and imprisoning businessmen who finance )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (free media and opposition parties in Russia. To show how serious )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (we are about this, the United States should sponsor a resolution )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (at the Human Rights Commission censuring the Putin regime for )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (violating due process by imprisoning Russian citizens who threaten )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Putins monopoly of power. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.084 Tw (I support the Administrations stated intention in the reports in-)Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.144 Tw (troduction to form a democracy caucus in Geneva and to press for )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (reforms to the U.N. Human Rights Commission. I have been push-)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (ing for this approach for many years, and I am glad that the Ad-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (ministration is finally moving ahead on this front. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (Mr. Chairman, I look forward to hearing the testimony of both )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (the Administration and our NGO witnesses, and I want to com-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mend you again for your leadership on human rights. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 191 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 191 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much, Mr. Lantos. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (I would like to, as I did this morning, not encourage opening )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (statements by other Members, but I dont want to discourage them )Tj T* 0.268 Tw (either, and I understand Mr. Sherman has a brief statement to )Tj T* 0 Tw (make. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.334 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.0796 141 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.143 141 Tm 0.334 Tw (. It is, indeed, brief. I would like to thank the )Tj -7.7143 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (Chairman and the Ranking Member for holding these hearings at )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (the full Committee level. Traditionally, these hearings occur annu-)Tj T* 0.226 Tw (ally at the Subcommittee level, and as the Ranking Democrat of )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00009)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 37 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 39 0 obj << /Length 4761 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (6)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.202 Tw (the relevant Subcommittee, I might have preferred that the Sub-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.22 Tw (committee hear these )Tj /F8 1 Tf 10.8828 0 TD (Country Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.7369 0 TD (, but I can understand the )Tj -18.6197 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (decision two have these hearings here at the full Committee, and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (perhaps that gives them an even wider attention. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.228 Tw (I want to thank the Assistant Secretary for his great work on )Tj -1 -1 TD (these reports. They pull few punches. I want to associate myself )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (with the comments of my good friend and the Ranking Member. It )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (is good to see him back from San Francisco, and I want to espe-)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (cially associate myself with his comments about how Israels posi-)Tj T* 0.222 Tw (tion needs to be understood and how measures that prevent ter-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (rorism will ultimately do far more for human rights than anything )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (that is argued to be respectful or lenient but that, in fact, fails to )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (prevent terrorism. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (I am looking forward to what I believe may be an even more im-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (portant report than the one we are going to here about today, and )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (that is in 1 month the Department will release a report explaining )Tj T* 0.412 Tw (how the U.S. is confronting the top abusers of human rights )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (around the world. That report will detail the actions we are taking )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (because it is not enough to issue a report on human rights; we )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (need to focus on what the Administration is doing to make human )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (rights concerns a focal point of our foreign policy. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (One specific action that I hope will be taken, and that is that the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (United States should ensure that a resolution dealing with Iran is )Tj T* 0.232 Tw (offered and, hopefully, approved in Geneva. I am losing patience )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (with the lack of resolve to confront this regime on the part of our )Tj T* 0.294 Tw (European allies and other allies, as was certainly the case this )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (week at the IAEA, where Europeans and some others forced to ac-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (quiesce to a rather weak statement on Irans nuclear activities. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (Finally, I would like to bring to the Committees attention the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (French bill informally known as the head-scarf law. Unless that )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (law is repealed, Muslim children in France will not be allowed to )Tj T* 0.28 Tw (wear a head scarf required of women and girls in public under )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (some interpretations of Islam. What that means is you are either )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (going to deny the free exercise of religion or deny a public school )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (education to girls in France, particularly from a minority commu-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (nity where that education is so necessary. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (In addition, it is likely that Sikhs will be prohibited from wear-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.092 Tw (ing the turban, which is a requirement of their faith; Jews will not )Tj T* 0.228 Tw (be allowed to wear Yamakas, and Christians are likely to be af-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (fected if the crosses they wear around their neck are viewed as os-)Tj T* 0.158 Tw (tentatious by one school administrator or another or if it happens )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (to be Ash Wednesday, and French Catholics choose to go to school )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (with ashes on their forehead. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (Why do I mention this? First and foremost, it is critical that we )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (focus on our western allies and urge them to respect human rights )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (and especially the free exercise of religion because the West has to )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (serve as an example. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.232 Tw (Second, the French effort to try to impose uniformity of dress, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.184 Tw (culture, or belief is doomed to be counterproductive. It is difficult )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (to imagine a better way to increase the influence of militant Islam )Tj T* 0.25 Tw (than to put Muslim parents in France, particularly those in the )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (working class, in this bizarre dilemma where they must either vio-)Tj T* 0.108 Tw (late their views of religion or send their children to what might be )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (very expensive private schools. And Wahhabi extremists and others )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00010)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 40 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Length 5143 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (7)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.11 Tw (may stand ready to finance those schools, so that which was billed )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (in Paris as an integration of an Islamic minority may instead lead )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to the segregation of that minority. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (The United States, I think, serves as an example to France and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (to others who are just beginning to become nations of immigrants )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (to recognize that it is by allowing the free exercise of religion that )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (one can build a united country out of a hundred different or several )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (hundred different streams. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 561 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 561 Tm 0.052 Tw (. The gentlemans time has expired. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 551 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.323 551 Tm 0.052 Tw (. If I could just have 30 more seconds. )Tj -6.4323 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 541 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 541 Tm 0.052 Tw (. 30 more seconds, surely. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2996 530.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 222.363 530.9999 Tm 0.156 Tw (. I want to draw my colleagues to the attention of )Tj -7.5363 -1 TD 0.394 Tw (House Resolution 528, which I have introduced with my good )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (friend, Mike Honda. It has 19 cosponsors. It urges France to revise )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (and revisit this deprivation of human rights found in its so-called )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (head-scarf law. I thank the Chair for the 30 seconds. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 480.9999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 480.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Mr. Smith of New Jersey. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9396 471 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.7473 471 Tm 0.12 Tw (. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, and I want to )Tj -5.9747 -1 TD 0.364 Tw (thank you again for your leadership on human rights and for )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (scheduling this very timely hearing, especially on Human Rights )Tj T* 0.412 Tw (Day, and to welcome Secretary Craner, who is doing an out-)Tj T* 0.064 Tw (standing job, he and his bureau, on behalf of beleaguered people all )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (over the world. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (I, during the course of the questioning, will go in, as will other )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (Members, into a number of countries of particular concern, but I )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (would like to begin and just raise China as an area where there )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (are ongoing, egregious, human rights abuses in a myriad of areas. )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (There seems to be no area at all, when it comes to individual lib-)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (erty and privacy and respect for the value and dignity of human )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (life, that China is going in the right direction. It all seems to be )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (one of deterioration, and, to use the word that is in the State De-)Tj T* 0 Tw (partments )Tj /F8 1 Tf 5.4489 0 TD 0.152 Tw (County Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.2249 0 TD (, backsliding when it comes to human )Tj -12.6738 -1 TD 0 Tw (rights. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.308 Tw (On religious persecution, as you know, Mr. Secretary Craner, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (China is considered a country of particular concern. The crackdown )Tj T* 0.284 Tw (on the Falun Gong, on the Catholics who are underground, the )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (Protestants, the Uigurs, the Muslims, the Buddhists, is outrageous. )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (To think that a civilized, or one that purports to be civilized, con-)Tj T* 0.304 Tw (tinues to engage in such barbaric practices: Hundreds of Falun )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (Gong who have been tortured to death; many others, including one )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (bishop that I mentioned on the Floor the other day, Bishop Su of )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (Baoding. I met with him. For meeting with me, he was arrested )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (and held for 9 days in the mid-1990s. He has spent a total of 27 )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (years and counting because of his religious beliefs. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (The China Democracy Party and any others who would aspire to )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.282 Tw (freedom and democracy, right where you sit, Mr. Secretary, the )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (China Democracy Party sat, members of it, in exile, to talk about )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (their goals and aspirations of a free China. They are all silenced )Tj T* 0.222 Tw (now. Many of them are incarcerated. Some have been let out on )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (medical parole, but most are incarcerated. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (On torture, it is absolutely commonplace in China, despite the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (fact that they claim, as you point out in the report, that torture is )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (against the law. Big deal. It is a law not worth the paper that it )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (is printed on because, in actuality, torture is commonplace for polit-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00011)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 43 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Length 4838 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (8)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (ical, religious, and common thieves and prisoners when they are ar-)Tj 0 -1.01 TD (rested for common infractions. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.22 Tw (On the issue of forced abortion and forced sterilization, as you )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.2 Tw (point out so well in here, the linchpin is the social compensation )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (fee. As you pointed out in this report, anywhere from )Tj 7.78 0 0 6 412.8262 603.49 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj 10 0 0 10 417.152 600.6 Tm ()Tj 7.78 0 0 6 418.822 600.6 Tm (2)Tj 10 0 0 10 427.7877 600.6 Tm 0.186 Tw (a years )Tj -28.0788 -1.01 TD 0.06 Tw (salary to 8 years of a persons salary is taken away, including other )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (benefits like health care for their child or for their family; they may )Tj T* 0.31 Tw (lose their apartmentthey may have it actually wrecked, as is )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (pointed out in the report, all part of an effort to implement the one-)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (child-per-couple policy, which continues to be an outrage and is cer-)Tj T* 0.294 Tw (tainly violative of womens privacy rights, the right to life, and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (every other basic human right that we know. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD (It is even Orwellian, on page 14, where it says:)Tj 1 -1.41 TD 0.106 Tw (The government does not consider social compensation fees to )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (be coercive.)Tj -2 -1.41 TD 0.204 Tw (You take 8 years of someones salary away, you leave them with )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (little recourse than to abort the child that she is carrying. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.198 Tw (I also found it very disturbing, as you point out in this report, )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.122 Tw (and it has been reported before but with greater clarity in this re-)Tj T* 0.082 Tw (port, that the suicide rate among women in China is five times, ac-)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (cording to the World Bank, higher than any other country on earth, )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (and as pointed out in the commentary, that is attributed, at least )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (according to some, to the one-child-per-couple policy. Five hundred )Tj T* 0.276 Tw (women commit suicide every day in China. That is because the )Tj T* 0.386 Tw (country, the government, the dictatorship, infringes upon their )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (basic liberty. It takes away their children. It tells them when and )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (if they can have children, and there are, of course, other violations )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of human rights as well. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (And on the media, look at the wrong direction they are going )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (there, Mr. Secretary. The three forbiddens that were announced in )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (July by the government: No discussion of constitution reform, no )Tj T* 0.35 Tw (discussion on political reform, no reconsideration of Tiananmen )Tj T* 0.304 Tw (Square and the aftermath of Tiananmen Square. They have si-)Tj T* 0 Tw (lenced )Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.318 0 TD 0.096 Tw (Time Magazine )Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.5789 0 TD (international division for carrying an article )Tj -10.8968 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (on the Falun Gong. It is banned in China. What does that tell you? )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (It tells you it is a country that is in regression, backsliding, as you )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (aptly put it, and that should be of very serious interest to every-)Tj T* 0.33 Tw (body on this Committee. They jam Voice of America, they jam )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Radio Free Asia, and they jam the BBC. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (This is hardly a country that wants to emerge and engage the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (world as a civilized nation. They are a dictatorship. We ought to )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (be willing to call it that, and I implore you, as our resolution did )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (last week, and I know you are working on this very hard, to take )Tj T* 0.268 Tw (this to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, raise )Tj T* 0.262 Tw (this issueforced abortion, torture, the mistreatment of political )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (prisoners. I discovered in this that you cite credible sources that )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (upwards of 2,000 Tiananmen Square protestors are still in prison. )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (We thought the number was much lower. This indicates there are )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (credible sources that the number is that high. That, too, is an out-)Tj T* 0 Tw (rage. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (So this country has to be held to account. I thank the Chairman )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (for yielding his time to me. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 111.0002 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 111.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Ms. Napolitano, did you seek? )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00012)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 48 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Length 5033 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (9)Tj -14.622 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2996 641 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.0828 641 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No, thank you, sir. )Tj -7.8083 -1.02 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 630.8 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 630.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. You did not. I misread you head gesture. )Tj -7.6301 -1.02 TD (Mr. Leach? )Tj T* (Mr. L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 610.4 Tm 0 Tw (EACH)Tj 10 0 0 10 207.6212 610.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -5.0621 -1.02 TD (As a representative of the extended family of an individual whose )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.192 Tw (death is cited in the State Departments )Tj /F8 1 Tf 20.1067 0 TD (Human Rights Report)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.5308 0 TD (, I )Tj -30.6376 -1.02 TD 0.104 Tw (would like simply to note that in the Middle East there is a multi-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (plicity of dimensions to every cause, and there can often be credible )Tj T* 0.276 Tw (perspectives and heroism on each side of philosophical and reli-)Tj T* 0.338 Tw (gious divides. But it is clear that the tragic death of a young )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (woman named Rachel Corrie underscores the extraordinary precept )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (that there is beauty in naivete and majesty in idealism. Putting )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (ones life in jeopardy in a way that does no harm to others symbol-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (izes courage and, in this case, sacrifice of the highest order. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.128 Tw (In this context, I am obligated to relay to Secretary Craner that )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.07 Tw (Rachels family continues to have profound concerns that the inves-)Tj T* 0.728 Tw (tigation of her death has been inadequate in scope and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (uncompelling in logic. Thank you. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 457.4 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 457.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Mr. Burton of Indiana. )Tj -7.6301 -1.02 TD 0.128 Tw (Mr. B)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.9396 447.2 Tm 0 Tw (URTON)Tj 10 0 0 10 215.3151 447.2 Tm 0.128 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I will try to be as brief )Tj -6.8315 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (as possible. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.212 Tw (I applaud India and Pakistan for having talks on the disputed )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.136 Tw (territory of Kashmir, and because of that, we postponed a hearing )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (on human rights in my Subcommittee on the Government Reform )Tj T* 0.294 Tw (and Oversight Committee. However, since we have this hearing )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (today, and we have the assistant Secretary here, I thought it would )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (be wrong for me not to just briefly mention that the hundreds of )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (thousandsin fact, 600 to 700,000it may be up to a millionof )Tj T* 0.286 Tw (Indian troops still occupy Kashmir. Women are still being gang )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (raped. They are still using horrible torture,cattle prods, running )Tj T* 0.332 Tw (heavy rollers over people, finding bodies in some of the canals )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (thereand so the horrible human atrocities continue at the hands )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of the Indian troops and the Indian government. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.162 Tw (Now, we hear about the rebels who are fighting against the In-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.236 Tw (dian government, and they are called terrorist, and I guess, you )Tj T* 0.128 Tw (know, you could probably define it if you wanted to stretch it that )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (way, but those people have been fighting because they have been )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (repressed, and their women have been gang raped, and they have )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (been tortured for years and years and years, and they want to have )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (a referendum, as was promised by the United Nations in 1947 and )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (1948, on whether or not they go with Indian or Pakistan or have )Tj T* 0.072 Tw (independence. And I would just implore you, Secretary Craner, and )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (I am not sure there is an awful lot we can do about itI hope that )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (the talks bear fruit between India and Pakistan on this issue, but )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (as the leader of the free world, I hope that we will continue to put )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (any bit of pressure that we can on the Indian government to stop )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (the repression of the people in Kashmir. Just keep the pressure on )Tj T* 0 Tw (them. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.33 Tw (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 218.4491 141.2999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.0808 141.2999 Tm 0.33 Tw (. Thank you. If there are no further opening )Tj -8.9081 -1.01 TD 0.36 Tw (statements, I would like to welcome Assistant Secretary Lorne )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (Craner. Mr. Craner was sworn in as Assistant Secretary of State )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (for democracy, human rights, and labor on June 4, 2001. He coordi-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00013)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 51 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 53 0 obj << /Length 4633 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (10)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.11 Tw (nates U.S. foreign policy and programs that support the promotion )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (and protection of human rights and democracy worldwide. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (Prior to this appointment, he served as President of the Inter-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (national Republican Institute, which conducts programs outside the )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (U.S. to promote democracy, free markets, and the rule of law. He )Tj T* 0.224 Tw (served as President of IRI from 1995 until assuming his current )Tj T* 0 Tw (appointment. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (And, Mr. Secretary, if you can encapsulate your statement to ap-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.256 Tw (proximately 5 minutes, that will be much appreciated, and your )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (full statement will be made a part of the record. Secretary Craner. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 147 534.8 Tm 0.1111 Tw (STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE LORNE W. CRANER, ASSIST-)Tj 1 -1.1 TD 0.6956 Tw (ANT SECRETARY OF STATE, BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, )Tj T* 0.0422 Tw (HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 501 Tm 0.234 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.9996 501 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 215.6231 501 Tm 0.234 Tw (. Thank you, sir. In keeping with the spirit of the )Tj -6.8623 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (day, let me try for 1 minute. Let me, first of all, thank you for your )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (focus that you have brought to human rights by having this hear-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (ing, including at the full Committee level. I also want to thank you )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (for your compliments to my staff and to other members of the State )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (Department that help put together these reports every year. They )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (do a very fine job, and your compliments are well deserved. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.316 Tw (Sir, I know that many were worried after 9/11 that America )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.266 Tw (might put human rights aside, and I hope we are all past that )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (worry at this point. From the President on down, from the National )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (Security Adviser, certainly from my boss, the Secretary of State, )Tj T* 0.166 Tw (and Under Secretary Armitage, it has been made very, very clear )Tj T* 0.128 Tw (that human rights and democracy issues need to stay on the front )Tj T* 0 Tw (burner. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.36 Tw (Over the past couple of years, you have seen unprecedented )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (structural efforts to do this through the Middle East Partnership )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (Initiative and the Millennium Challenge Account. Both initiatives )Tj T* 0.206 Tw (have received great support from this Committee, and for that, I )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (am very thankful. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.254 Tw (I want to endorse a further step that this Administration has )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (taken, and that is to double the budget of the National Endowment )Tj T* 0.296 Tw (for Democracy. I used to be, as you noted, part of that family. )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (Every dollar that is given to NED is well spent. I cannot tell you )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (how many countries I have been to around the world where new )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (democrats who have come to power talk about how NED made the )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (difference in bringing democracy to their country, so I would com-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mend that to you. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (I also appreciate the support of the Congress for my own Bu-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (reaus Human Rights and Democracy Fund. Because of that fund, )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (we were able to start up programs in the Middle East immediately )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (after 9/11 to put our money where our mouth was in terms of sup-)Tj T* 0.146 Tw (porting human rights in that area. We have been able to start up )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (programs in China and other places that was not possible before. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (I am not going to go through the entire list of countries. I know )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (that there are obviously some that are of great concern to you, and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I look forward to answering your questions on those. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.282 Tw (On China, in particular, I can tell you that we are definitely )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.212 Tw (headed toward doing a resolution at the Human Rights Commis-)Tj T* 0.056 Tw (sion. We are heading in that direction because the fruits of our own )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (dialogue with the Chinese have not been very plentiful this past )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00014)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 54 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Length 7397 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (11)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.268 Tw (year, in fact, not at all plentiful. And that comes against the a )Tj 0 -0.99 TD 0.068 Tw (backdrop of increased repression in China, backsliding, and of most )Tj T* 0.338 Tw (concern to me, I have been very interested in these structural )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (changes underway in China over the last decade. People who are )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (taking advantage of these changes over the last year are being put )Tj T* 0.258 Tw (into jail or otherwise dealt with, and that is very, very discour-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (aging. So, again, we are headed that way. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.086 Tw (I want to, finally, thank you for your good words about Sergio de )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.096 Tw (Mello. I had worked with him in other places around the world be-)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (fore he became Human Rights Commissioner. He was a very, very )Tj T* 0.324 Tw (fine man who was dedicated not only to improving the human )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (rights commissioners office, which is vitally important around the )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (world, not only to improving the Human Rights Commission, which )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (desperately needs improvement, but also, in his dying days and )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (dying hours, to improving the situation in Iraq, and he is greatly )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (missed. My old NGO, the International Republican Institute, will )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (be giving him and Dr. Rice their Human Rights Awards this year, )Tj T* 0.072 Tw (and I hope many of you will be able to attend that. But again, your )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (compliments to him are well deserved. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.08 Tw (With that, I am finished, and I look forward to taking your ques-)Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0 Tw (tions. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw ([The prepared statement of Mr. Craner follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 147 417.2 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 152.3359 417.2 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 189.8879 417.2 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 194.9278 417.2 Tm [(TATEMENT)-812.5(OF)-812.5(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 271.9229 417.2 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 278.5869 417.2 Tm (ONORABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 321.7132 417.2 Tm (L)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 327.0491 417.2 Tm (ORNE)Tj 8 0 0 8 351.6859 417.2 Tm 0.3725 Tw (W. 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Those )Tj T* 0.245 Tw (who fight for liberty know that the American people, and Americas leaders, are )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (their allies. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.3125 Tw (When Secretary Powell announced the release of the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 27.0746 0 TD (Country Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.8294 0 TD (, he re-)Tj -35.904 -0.9875 TD 0.2775 Tw (minded everyone what President Bush said two months ago in his State of the )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (Union message: Our aim is a democratic peace, a peace founded upon the dignity )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (and rights of every man and woman. The Secretary also emphasized that the de-)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (fense and advancement of human rights is Americas special calling, and the pro-)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (motion of human rights is an integral and active part of our foreign policy agenda, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and that sentiment is worth repeating. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.055 Tw (Words are important, and we have close to two million of them in the 2003 edition )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2275 Tw (of the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.344 0 TD (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices)Tj /F1 1 Tf 21.5592 0 TD (. But for many years, even as )Tj -24.9031 -0.9875 TD 0.07 Tw (their quality improved, some believed that the use of the words in the annual )Tj /F8 1 Tf 36.9665 0 TD 0 Tw (Coun-)Tj -36.9665 -0.9875 TD 0.1025 Tw (try Reports )Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.5559 0 TD (ended on the day they were published. That is no longer the case. More )Tj -5.5559 -0.9875 TD 0.11 Tw (and more over the past few years, the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 18.5297 0 TD (Country Reports )Tj /F1 1 Tf 8.0149 0 TD (have become a basis for the )Tj -26.5446 -0.9875 TD 0.1725 Tw (policy processfor Congressional certifications, for diplomatic demarches, for long-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (range policy direction and for designing aid programs. Policy makers working to im-)Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (prove human rights are increasingly turning to this volume. In the words of Sec-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1675 Tw (retary Powell, they are more than a valuable informational toolthey are a vital )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw [(policy instrument .)-555(.)-555(.)0( \(and\) they help us to identify and close gaps between prin-)]TJ T* 0.2425 Tw (ciples and practices, between internationally agreed human rights standards and )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the actual enjoyment of such rights by a countrys citizens.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2575 Tw (Examined retrospectively, a quarter century of Human Rights reporting shows )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.145 Tw (that many countries have begun to close those gaps and turned horror stories into )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (success stories. Their examples have helped us understand how gains can be made )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in protecting human rights and expanding freedom. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (For the last two and a half years, we have taken those lessons and applied them )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1525 Tw (to a new world. After September 11, 2001, some observers questioned whether the )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00015)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 57 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 59 0 obj << /Length 7302 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (12)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.1425 Tw (United States could afford the luxury of concern about human rights and democ-)Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.2225 Tw (racy abroad, and whether we might sacrifice our principles for expediency in the )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (global war on terrorism. Within days, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice )Tj T* 0.2075 Tw (provided a clear answer: We are not going to stop talking about the things that )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (matter to ushuman rights and religious freedom and so forth. Were going to con-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tinue to press those issues. We would not be America if we did not.)Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.115 Tw (In his January 2002 State of the Union address, President Bush underscored the )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.105 Tw (unequivocal U.S. commitment to human rights when he said )Tj 29.6716 0 TD [(.)-555(.)-555(.)-555(America will al-)]TJ -29.6716 -0.9875 TD 0.1275 Tw (ways stand firm for the non-negotiable demands of human dignity: the rule of law; )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (limits on the power of the state; respect for women; private property; free speech; )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (equal justice; and religious tolerance. America will take the side of brave men and )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (women who advocate these values around the world, including the Islamic world, )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (because we have a greater objective than eliminating threats and containing resent-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ment. We seek a just and peaceful world beyond the war on terror.)Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.12 Tw (Later that year, Secretary of State Colin Powell backed these words by unveiling )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.15 Tw (the U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative, a program designed to assist political, )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (economic and social reforms in that region. Henceforth, those seeking freedom in the )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (Middle East can count on the same support long provided to Latin Americans, Cen-)Tj T* 0.2875 Tw (tral Europeans, Asians, Africans and others. The United States is now working )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (across the Middle East to strengthen the skills and opportunities of men and women )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (who wish to compete for office, administer elections, report on political events and )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (influence them as members of civil society. We have reinforced MEPI programming )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (with unprecedented diplomacy to remedy problems described frankly in the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 36.0175 0 TD 0 Tw (Country )Tj -36.0175 -0.9875 TD (Reports. )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1775 Tw (Some worried that our new focus on the Arab world would distract us from ad-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2 Tw (vancing human rights and democracy elsewhere. In early 2002, the President an-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (nounced the creation of the Millennium Challenge Account, a new compact for glob-)Tj T* 0.295 Tw (al development, defined by a new accountability for both rich and poor nations )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (alike. Nations that invest in their peoples education and health, promote economic )Tj T* 0.275 Tw (freedoms and govern justlydefined by the prevalence of civil liberties, political )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (rights, rule of law and a governments accountability and effectivenesswill be re-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (warded. The MCA will provide a substantial incentive for reducing the gap between )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (human rights ideals and actual practices. Relying on independent indicators, MCA )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (will analyze a countrys performance on human rights and democracy and other as-)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (pects of just governance. As the recently released report on the proposed method-)Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (ology for country selection makes clear, the MCA Board can also use the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 34.601 0 TD (County Re-)Tj -34.601 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (ports )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6595 0 TD 0.0675 Tw (for supplemental information to assess issues such as the rights of people with )Tj -2.6595 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (disabilities, the treatment of women and children, and worker and other rights. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.29 Tw (I am a strong proponent of MEPI and MCA as new ways to deal with long-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1975 Tw (standing challenges, but I want to take this opportunity to give my strongest en-)Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (dorsement to yet another Presidential initiative to advance human rights, and that )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (is the proposed doubling of the budget of the National Endowment for Democracy. )Tj T* 0.2375 Tw (Where human rights and democracy have been advanced, the NED has been in-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (volved. From Nicaragua to Poland to Serbia to Georgia, the Endowment and its fam-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (ily membersof which I was once a proud parthave been cited repeatedly by vic-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (torious democrats as making the difference. Adding to NEDs capabilities would be )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (money well spent. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2175 Tw (Within the State Department, other efforts to remedy problems outlined in the )Tj /F8 1 Tf -1 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (Country Reports )Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.9299 0 TD (have intensified. Thanks to strong Congressional and State Depart-)Tj -7.9299 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (ment support, the Human Rights and Democracy Fund within my own bureau has )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (tripled in size over the past two years. When our attitudes on democracy in the Mid-)Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (dle East changed immediately after September 11th, HRDF, designed to be flexible )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (and innovative, enabled us to put our money where our mouth was. As our troops )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (arrived in Central Asia on their way to Afghanistan in late 2001, HRDF ensured )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (that they were accompanied by American values and we mounted an unprecedented )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (effort to support the development of representative political parties, human rights )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (organizations and independent media. And HRDF has allowed us to begin, for the )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (first time, a substantial U.S. government assistance program in China to advance )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (human rights awareness and support legal and electoral reform. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (Through HRDF and other mechanisms, we have also worked more actively to con-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.275 Tw (tribute to the promotion of freedom in places like Burma, Zimbabwe, Cuba and )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (Belarus. These efforts to advance freedom have often been strengthened by partner-)Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (ships we have nurtured with other members of the Community of Democracies, a )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (growing organization composed mainly of nations that over the past quarter century )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (have made the transition from dictatorship to democracy. )Tj 1 -1 TD (In about two months we will submit to Congress a kind of sequel to todays report, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0725 Tw (which is called )Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.2924 0 TD (Supporting Human Rights and Democracy)Tj /F1 1 Tf 19.9537 0 TD (. Whereas the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 6.8844 0 TD (Country Re-)Tj -34.1305 -1 TD 0 Tw (ports )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7945 0 TD 0.2025 Tw (describe problems around the world, the sequel will detail how were trying )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00016)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 60 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Length 6164 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (13)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.205 Tw (to fix them. I would welcome an opportunity to appear before you again after its )Tj 0 -1 TD 0 Tw (release. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.155 Tw (Mr. Chairman, the introduction of todays )Tj /F8 1 Tf 20.5047 0 TD (Country Reports )Tj /F1 1 Tf 8.1049 0 TD (acts as a comprehen-)Tj -29.6096 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (sive executive summary, and covers a range of developments in 2003, from the dra-)Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (matically uplifting to the disappointing. It provides a comprehensive portrait of Af-)Tj T* 0.075 Tw (ghanistan, where the Loya Jirga crafted a new constitution that will continue to ad-)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (vance to role of women and minorities after thirty years of conflict. The introduction )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (also describes the horrors of the dying days of Saddam Husseins regime, with its )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (capricious human rights violations. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0775 Tw (It describes the stunning July 1 demonstrations by half a million citizens in Hong )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1025 Tw (Kong which caused the Government to withdraw proposed national security legisla-)Tj T* 0.075 Tw (tion, and the resignation of Eduard Shevardnadze in November, in the wake of non-)Tj T* 0.275 Tw (violent protests, ensuring a new Georgian democracy. And it describes advances )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (made in Kenya with the accession to power of the countrys former opposition. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.26 Tw (It also provides a picture of the situation in China, where unfulfilled commit-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (ments, backsliding on key human rights issues and the Governments poor record )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (on Tibet have inspired our movement toward a resolution at this years U.N. Com-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (mission on Human Rights. The introduction also reflects the totalitarian repression )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (in North Korea, the darkening picture for democracy in Burma with the May attack )Tj T* (on Aung San Suu Kyis convoy, and the dramatic worsening of human rights abuses )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (in Cuba, where 75 peaceful dissidents were sentenced to prison terms a year ago. )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (It describes the campaign of violence, repression and intimidation in Zimbabwe. And )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (it describes the manipulation of elections in Russia and the continued violence and )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (human rights abuses in Chechnya. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.185 Tw (It is a purposefully lengthy and comprehensive introduction this year, meant to )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (inform a general reader of the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 14.8798 0 TD (Country Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.6419 0 TD (, and for that reason, I request that )Tj -22.5217 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (it be submitted for the record. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (Before I take your questions, I want to make a poignant end note to my testi-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.105 Tw (mony: The world was deeply saddened by the death of U.N. High Commissioner for )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (Human Rights Sergio Vieira de Mello last August in Baghdad. I had the privilege )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (to meet him on several occasions as I know many of you did. Secretary Powell noted )Tj T* 0.215 Tw (after his death that [he] was a consummate professional who devoted his life to )Tj T* 0.125 Tw [(helping others, particularly in his decades of distinguished service to the U.N. .)-555(.)-555(.)0( )]TJ T* 0.07 Tw (In my book, Mr. Vieira de Mello was a hero, who dedicated his life to helping people )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (in danger and in difficulty. His loss is a terrible blow to the international commu-)Tj T* 0 Tw (nity.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.085 Tw (For those of us who press every day for greater respect for human rights, we may )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (have lost a champion, but not a role model. May his legacy be reflected in a redou-)Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (bling of our efforts to further the cause of the courageous, fight for the powerless )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and give voice to the voiceless. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.245 Tw (Mr. Chairman, members of the Committee, Im pleased to take your questions )Tj -1 -1 TD 0 Tw (now.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 301.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 301.0002 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 301.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, sir. Mr. Lantos. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD (Mr. L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 291.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ANTOS)Tj 10 0 0 10 212.5251 291.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -5.5525 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (Let me first ask the Secretary concerning our posture vis-a-vis )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (Russia in view of the gradual undermining of democracy in that )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (country, the imprisonment of individuals, presumably for tax dis-)Tj T* 0.108 Tw (putes, and the almost total takeover of the electronic media by the )Tj T* 0.278 Tw (government. We all had high hopes when the Soviet Union col-)Tj T* 0.066 Tw (lapsed, and while during the Yeltsin era, there were plenty of prob-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (lems, there was still noticeable progress. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (Under Mr. Putin, we have seen a steady march backward. It is )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.164 Tw (difficult to see any justification in Russia for the kind of suppres-)Tj T* 0.394 Tw (sive measures that the regime almost reflexively takes, and I )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (would like to get your reactions. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.1796 171.0002 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.8031 171.0002 Tm 0.152 Tw (. Sir, I think you have seen from Secretary Powells )Tj -6.7803 -1 TD 0.202 Tw (article that he published when he was in Moscow, and also from )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (the tone of this years report where we note that the situation has )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (worsened in some areas, that we would agree with much of what )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (you say. I had the privilege, during the 1990s, of witnessing many )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (elections in Russia, and it was quite heady, in the early 1990s, to )Tj T* 0.208 Tw (see troops who had formerly served the Soviet Union now voting )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00017)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 63 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 65 0 obj << /Length 5052 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (14)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.136 Tw (for a President. But the December 2003 elections clearly fell short )Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (of international standards. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.188 Tw (We have seen a weakening of press freedom. The last nonstate )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.12 Tw (TV station has now gone out of businessa tax on civil-society or-)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (ganizations, alleged espionage cases, the cases that you referred to, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and also continued local restrictions on religion. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.056 Tw (So, clearly, we are seeing the problems there. Clearly, we are try-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.256 Tw (ing to address them. Secretary Powell and others are talking to )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (Russian leaders about them. We are also continuing the support )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (that we have had for about the last decade to help those in Russia )Tj T* 0.268 Tw (who continue to want to see democratic development there at a )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (fairly high level. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.058 Tw (Mr. L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6896 518.6 Tm 0 Tw (ANTOS)Tj 10 0 0 10 212.5851 518.6 Tm 0.058 Tw (. We allowed Russia to join the G7, the great democ-)Tj -6.5585 -1.02 TD 0.096 Tw (racies of this world, on a probationary basis at a time when trends )Tj T* 0.31 Tw (in Russia were all moving in a positive direction. Now, as you )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (agree, trends have now been moving in a very negative direction, )Tj T* 0.264 Tw (yet the Administration seems to be opposed to excluding Russia )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from this very prestigious club. Why is that, if I may ask? )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.168 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.3396 457.4 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.9631 457.4 Tm 0.168 Tw (. I think the issue is taking that step at this point. )Tj -6.7963 -1.02 TD 0.214 Tw (This is a question addressed more appropriately, I think, to Sec-)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (retary Powell, but I think that we are not prepared to take that )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (step at this time, believing that there are certain things we can say )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to them that may help improve their human rights record. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.19 Tw (Mr. L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.0096 406.4 Tm 0 Tw (ANTOS)Tj 10 0 0 10 213.9052 406.4 Tm 0.19 Tw (. Now, let me commend the Administration on dou-)Tj -6.6905 -1.02 TD 0.076 Tw (bling the budget for the National Endowment for Democracy. I was )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (in the audience when the President gave his speech at the twen-)Tj T* 0.206 Tw (tieth anniversary of NED, and I was delighted to hear his state-)Tj T* 0.106 Tw (ment, long overdue, that while we have been promoting democracy )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (everywhere on the face of this planet, from South America to Cen-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (tral Europe, we studiously avoided the Middle East for all of the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (obvious reasons, which, I suspect, come down to the word, oil.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.126 Tw (It was a very welcome, fresh, new departure which has run into )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.074 Tw (almost universal opposition by Egypt, incredibly backward remarks )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (by the foreign minister of Egypt, no support in Saudi Arabia, and )Tj T* 0.272 Tw (it seems that the Presidents fine speech will just be a piece of )Tj T* 0.212 Tw (paper without any follow-through. What is your office doing, and )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (what does Secretary Powell plan to do, to make it clear to the coun-)Tj T* 0.168 Tw (tries involved, and there are quite a few of them, that this is not )Tj T* 0.208 Tw (just a naive dream on the part of the American government and )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (the American people, but it is an essential prerequisite to fighting )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (global terrorism? As long as these countries remain repressive, op-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (pressive, as in the case of Saudi Arabia denying women even the )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (most fundamental and elementary rights, explosions will come and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (will take the form of new terrorist acts. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.194 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.5996 192.2 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 215.2231 192.2 Tm 0.194 Tw (. Sir, let me try to put your mind at rest that this )Tj -6.8223 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (is not just a piece of paper and tell you a few things. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.298 Tw (Number one, it is not unusual that people who are rulers in )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.15 Tw (countries dont like the idea of more democracy in their countries. )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (We have also seen quite a few rulers like that over the years. What )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.214 Tw (I think is most important about this initiative is what I encoun-)Tj T* 0.128 Tw (tered recently on a trip through Tunisia and Algeria. I was in Tu-)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (nisia, which is a fairly tightly controlled country. I was in Algeria, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (which certainly has some human rights problems. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00018)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 66 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 68 0 obj << /Length 4874 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (15)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.078 Tw (Every day I was in Algeria, I was making public statements, and )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.096 Tw (every day I was in Algeria, I was on the front page of the Algerian )Tj T* 0.128 Tw (newspapers. There are about 15 of them, and it is a relatively, for )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (the Middle East, free press, and I couldnt figure out why. That )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (usually does not happen to me. And it hit me suddenly why this )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (was happening: Because no one, as you said before, has ever really )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (said these things to a Middle Eastern country about the need for )Tj T* 0.118 Tw (more open elections, about the need for letting journalists do what )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (they do in most countries, about the need to allow the growth of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (a civil society. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.072 Tw (My trip followed Secretary Powells trip by about a month, where )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.198 Tw (he said, again, for the first time for a Secretary of State, exactly )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (the same things, and his trip, in turn, followed the speech that you )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (referred to, which was really a landmark, remarkable speech. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.244 Tw (So, first of all, there is definitely follow-on diplomatically. The )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.156 Tw (visit of President Ben Ali, I think, reinforced that. A lot of people )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (doubted that the Administration might say anything, and, clearly, )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (in the public statements, the Secretary of State and the President )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (were very, very clear about what they want to see. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.142 Tw (We are also putting our money where our mouth is. We are not )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.168 Tw (just talking about these things. But this Middle East Partnership )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (is backing up all of these initiatives so that we have Saudi journal-)Tj T* 0.074 Tw (ists coming out of Saudi Arabia to be trained alongside people from )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (Iraq, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, and elsewhere. We are working with )Tj T* 0.3 Tw (women who want to run for political office in Morocco. We are )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (working with NGOs in Algeria, all for the very first time. And what )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (you are seeing, if not from the leaders in these countries, certainly )Tj T* 0.202 Tw (from the people in these countries, is the beginning of an under-)Tj T* 0.166 Tw (standing that the United States sincerely wants to see democracy )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (where they live. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.346 Tw (So I think it is a very, very important effort that has been )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (backed up diplomatically and also backed up substantively. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 314.6 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 314.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Mr. Green of Wisconsin. )Tj -7.6301 -1.02 TD (Mr. G)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.7396 304.4 Tm 0 Tw (REEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 208.5872 304.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -5.1587 -1.02 TD 0.304 Tw (Mr. Craner, last year, you may remember, I asked you some )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.056 Tw (questions regarding the Administrations continued support for nor-)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (malized trade relations with Laos, despite the fact that that coun-)Tj T* 0.168 Tw (try has, to put it mildly, a reprehensible human rights record. At )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (that time, it was including the detention of a U.S. citizen and pas-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tor from my neighboring state, in St. Paul, Minnesota. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.194 Tw (You said, last year when we discussed this matter, that it was )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.258 Tw (the Administrations position that extending NTR to Laos would )Tj T* 0.326 Tw (cause their human rights practices to improve. Looking at this )Tj T* 0 Tw (years )Tj /F8 1 Tf 3.152 0 TD 0.17 Tw (Human Rights Report )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.9348 0 TD (on Laos, however, I think we all see )Tj -14.0868 -1.02 TD 0.364 Tw (yet again that Laos has really failed to genuinely improve its )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (record. You wrote the report, so I will not go over it in detail, but )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (suffice it to say that the report is very, very negative. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.102 Tw (So even though I think it is logical to say, with the hope of NTR )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.132 Tw (for Laos hanging out there, that the government of Laos would be )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.106 Tw (on its best behavior, we still see tremendous human rights abuses. )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (So having said all of that, is it still the Administrations position )Tj T* (that extending NTR would somehow help the situation there and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (actually improve human rights? )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00019)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 69 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Length 4825 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (16)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.204 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.6996 641 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 215.3231 641 Tm 0.204 Tw (. We have tried to use NTR over this past year as )Tj -6.8323 -1.03 TD 0.11 Tw (an incentive to improve human rights in Laos. Clearly, the human )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (rights record remains very poor there, as you outlined. It is also )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (the case that they have taken small steps to permit more religious )Tj T* 0.146 Tw (freedom, and I want to particularly here, thank Ambassador John )Tj T* 0.082 Tw (Hanford, who was out there recently, and also his predecessor, Bob )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Seiple, who has done a lot of work on this. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.198 Tw (It is my belief that, over time, extending NTR to Laos can im-)Tj -1 -1.03 TD 0.136 Tw (prove their human rights record, and by that, I mean that if Laos )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (is opened up to the rest of the world, because this is one of those )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (countries where the leaders dont get out too much, that the people )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (will be able to see what is going on in the rest of the world, what )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (is going on in many of their neighbors in Southeast Asia, and that )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (they will begin to get the idea that their country does not measure )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (up in terms of freedoms, and that they will begin to demand more )Tj T* 0 Tw (freedoms. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.194 Tw (That is clearly not a process that is going to take 6 months or )Tj -1 -1.03 TD 0.052 Tw (a year or even 2 or 3 years. That is a fairly long-term process. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.15 Tw (Mr. G)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.7196 455.5999 Tm 0 Tw (REEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 209.5672 455.5999 Tm 0.15 Tw (. To follow up on that, though, doesnt that presume, )Tj -6.2567 -1.02 TD 0.296 Tw (when you say that exposing the country to other countries will )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (cause or enable their people to see that they dont measure up to )Tj T* 0.222 Tw (other countries, doesnt that presume that in Laos there is some )Tj T* 0.286 Tw (sort of citizen expression that could move toward reforming the )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (government? I think what we have seen is just the opposite, that )Tj T* 0.222 Tw (it is an authoritarian government with human rights abuses un-)Tj T* 0.192 Tw (likely to react in a positive way and much more likely to further )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (crack down. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.13 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.9596 363.8 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.5831 363.8 Tm 0.13 Tw (. Yes. Certainly, you and I both agree. We looked at )Tj -6.7583 -1.02 TD 0.222 Tw (the same situation on the ground. There are no political parties, )Tj T* 0.272 Tw (there are no elections, there is no real freedom of the press, et )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (cetera, but what I have seen over the last 20 years in countries )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (from Central America to Central Europe to Asia to Africa is that )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (even in an authoritarian country or a dictatorship, when the people )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (begin to get the idea that things ought to be better in their coun-)Tj T* 0.198 Tw (try, that is the first step to making the country better. That has )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (been the case in most of the countries that have moved from dicta-)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (torship to democracy over these past 20 years, and I think there )Tj T* 0.3 Tw (were something like 30 democracies in the world 25 years ago; )Tj T* 0.254 Tw (there are over 100 today. That has been the pattern in most of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (those countries. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.156 Tw (Mr. G)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.7796 231.2 Tm 0 Tw (REEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 209.6272 231.2 Tm 0.156 Tw (. One last point on this subject. Clearly, the reaction )Tj -6.2627 -1.02 TD 0.084 Tw (in Laos to the report, the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 12.3018 0 TD (Human Rights Report)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.3148 0 TD (, was not a positive )Tj -22.6167 -1.02 TD 0.082 Tw (one, suggesting that they were open to changes. I am quoting here. )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (They said that:)Tj 2 -1.42 TD 0.18 Tw (The report does harm to our two countries cooperation, par-)Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.278 Tw (ticularly humanitarian cooperation, between the two govern-)Tj T* 0.064 Tw (ments and peoples, on the issue of Americans missing in action )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (during the war in Laos.)Tj -1 -1.42 TD 0.354 Tw (So it seems as though when the subject of human rights is )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.112 Tw (brought up, even indirectly through this report, the reaction of the )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (Lao government is, again, to crack down and to close off commu-)Tj T* 0 Tw (nications. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00020)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 72 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 74 0 obj << /Length 5021 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (17)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.11 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.7596 641 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.3831 641 Tm 0.11 Tw (. That is not an uncommon reaction. I have had this )Tj -6.7383 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (report waved in my face by Prime Ministers, but I have also had )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (ordinary people applaud me, when I have been overseas, for doing )Tj T* 0.358 Tw (this. The Lao also know that our Ambassador there addresses )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (these issues day by day. This is not a once-a-year event that we )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (talk about human rights with the Lao. Our Ambassador there has )Tj T* 0.302 Tw (been very, very forthright, both on individual cases and on the )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (structure of the country. So they hear this all of the time. The co-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (operation is continuing. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.26 Tw (Mr. G)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.8196 551 Tm 0 Tw (REEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 210.6672 551 Tm 0.26 Tw (. And I also applaud the focus here in the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 21.8977 0 TD 0 Tw (Human )Tj -28.2644 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (Rights Report )Tj /F1 1 Tf 6.9289 0 TD (on Laos. I think it is extremely positive, and to the )Tj -6.9289 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (extent that it can get out to the people of Laos, it is great. I guess )Tj T* 0.316 Tw (I am not as optimistic as you are about NTR, since that olive )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (branch has been dangled for a while, what progress it will make. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 500.9999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 500.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. The gentlemans time has expired. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD (The gentlelady from Minnesota, Ms. McCollum. )Tj T* (Ms. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.5895 480.9999 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 10 0 0 10 192.3655 480.9999 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 199.5854 480.9999 Tm (OLLUM)Tj 10 0 0 10 230.5529 480.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chair. )Tj -7.3553 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (Mr. Secretary, I, too, was going to speak to Laos, and your staff )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (has done a lot of work in speaking with Laotian citizens from not )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (only Minnesota, where I represent one of the largest groups in the )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (United States, but throughout the United States this past month, )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (and they very much appreciated the information that the State De-)Tj T* (partment shared with them and their community as they move for-)Tj T* 0.296 Tw (ward to what they hope will be normalized trade relations and )Tj T* 0.276 Tw (many families celebrating the return of people from the Wat in )Tj T* 0 Tw (Thailand. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (As you know, I support the Administrations position in favor of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.142 Tw (extending normalized trade relations in Laos, and the 2003 report )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (is very telling, and it tells us that there is an internal struggle con-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (tinuing to go on in Laos, and human rights abuses, as you pointed )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (out, does remain a serious challenge, and the Lao government, I )Tj T* 0.242 Tw (couldnt agree with you more, has a long road to go before they )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (even meet satisfactory, let alone above satisfactory. But I, too, was )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (pleased to hear Ambassador Hanford talking about religious free-)Tj T* 0.404 Tw (dom improving and Ambassador Hartwicks day-to-day involve-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ment. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.518 Tw (But the report also documents an increase in violence by )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (antigovernment insurgents in Laos over the past year, 2003. I am )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (going to give a couple of examples from the report because I think )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (it is important that the Committee hear both sides, and I do hold )Tj T* 0.406 Tw (the Lao government very much up to improving their human )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (rights, but having said that, I still would like to show this for the )Tj T* 0 Tw (record. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.128 Tw (In February 2003, a group of armed insurgents ambushed a bus )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (and other vehicles, killing 10 persons, including two Swiss citizens )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (and one Chinese citizen. In April of last year, another ambush of )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (a civilian bus resulted in 12 persons being killed, many who were )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (students on their way home from the Lao New Years holiday. After )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (attacking the bus, the attackers doused it with gasoline, ignited it, )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (and burned the bodies of the dead, and seriously injuring the pas-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (sengers on board. Now, these ambushes are detailed in your report, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and they are committed by antigovernment insurgents. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (Now, Mr. Secretary, the government of Laos must improve its )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (human rights, but the insurgents also must stop the indiscriminate )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00021)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 75 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 78 0 obj << /Length 5208 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (18)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.178 Tw (attacking of innocent civilians. The war in Indochina is over, and )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (I very much hope, along with you, that we can move toward nor-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (malized trade relations because I know, with the number of people )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (from my district who want to go to Laos to improve the quality of )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (life, one of the poorest countries in the world where the infant-mor-)Tj T* 0.184 Tw (tality rate is one of the highest in the world, want to see change )Tj T* 0.326 Tw (brought about, and they believethese are the people who are )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (from Laos that live in the United Statesthey believe NTR will fi-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (nally bring this war to a close, and Laos can move forward. )Tj 1 -1 TD (So, Mr. Secretary, I just want to compliment you and your staff)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (you answered my question pretty much when you answered Con-)Tj T* 0.216 Tw (gressman Greensand the Administrations support of this baby )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (step toward democracy with NTR. Thank you. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 510.9999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 510.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Ms. Napolitano is seeking recognition. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2996 500.9999 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.0828 500.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chair. )Tj -7.8083 -1 TD 0.062 Tw (I was wondering, Mr. Secretary, and thank you for your report,)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (I havent had a chance to go over it, but I have a report from my )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (staffand there apparently seems to be a question that I will pose )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (to you. I know you dont have the answer, but why is it that we, )Tj T* 0.5 Tw (the United States, continues to fund countries that continue )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (human rights abuses, even though they are improving, as per your )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (report, but we do not hold them accountable for the funds that we )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (give them, prorated, if you will? To me, it is like rewarding the )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (countries for continuing their violations that we know occur on a )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (day-to-day basis and are aware of them. They know we know, and )Tj T* 0.298 Tw (yet we continue to put funding into their government coffers. I )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (dont understand why. Maybe you could explain a little bit of that. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.238 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.0396 371 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 215.6631 371 Tm 0.238 Tw (. Most of our aid programs are not putting money )Tj -6.8663 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (into government coffers. That does happen in some countries, but )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (in most countries we are actually working through USAID or other )Tj T* 0.074 Tw (mechanisms to try and go directly to the people. But in either case, )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (unless a country is truly off the map, including on human rights )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (issues, we think it is important to be in the country, to be offering )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (the U.S. as an example, to be bringing examples from other coun-)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (tries of how they have progressed on democracy and human rights )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (so that we can begin to crack open what is going on politically in )Tj T* 0.268 Tw (that country, so that we can begin showing the ordinary people )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (from the country that there are alternatives, and also so we can )Tj T* 0.264 Tw (keep pressing the government to continue to open up that little )Tj T* 0.286 Tw (crack that we start so that there will be more and more space )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (available to ordinary people who want to publish a newspaper, who )Tj T* 0.082 Tw (want to start a civil society, an NGO, or who want to begin a polit-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (ical party. That is why we are doing it in almost all countries on )Tj T* 0 Tw (earth. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.1196 200.9999 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.9028 200.9999 Tm 0.134 Tw (. Can you cite some example of where you have )Tj -8.8903 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (had a long-term successI know this does not happen overnight)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (so that we can understand, myself as a new person,)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1796 171 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 213.8031 171 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Sure. )Tj -5.6803 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.1396 160.9999 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 240.0628 160.9999 Tm 0.136 Tw ([continuing]. How important it really is to con-)Tj -9.3063 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (tinue supporting. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6796 140.9999 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.3031 140.9999 Tm 0.102 Tw (. Absolutely. Almost 20 years ago, Mr. Hyde was the )Tj -6.7303 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (Subcommittee Chair of the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (Affairs. A Member of that Subcommittee was a guy named John )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (McCain, who is now a Senator, he was then a Congressman, and )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00022)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 79 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 81 0 obj << /Length 5241 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (19)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.148 Tw (I used to sit up there as a staffer and listen to a lot of discussion )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.228 Tw (about Central America, and it was very, very bitter and divisive )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (and an often very partisan discussion about all of these countries. )Tj 1 -1 TD (We began making this kind of investment in El Salvador in the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.29 Tw (early 1980s when it was a very, very nasty place and in other )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (places in Central America when they were very nasty, and we used )Tj T* 0.192 Tw (to have very rough hearings on this subject. I think El Salvador, )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (from the 20-year-ago point, is a very good success story. Today, you )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (have a race in El Salvador where you have a former guerilla com-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (peting against the ARENA party, which had some rather bad roots )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (back in the 1970s. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (I think a great example from the late-1980s is all of Central Eu-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (rope, where we were engaged immediately before the revolutions, )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (but certainly right after, in trying to help these societies open up. )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (In that same era, we were doing exactly the same thing in South )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (Korea and Taiwan, which were allies of ours, insisting that they )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (begin to open up their countries. We were doing the same in South )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (Africa in the 1980s and in many other countries in Africa. Today, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (we are beginning to do the same thing in the Middle East. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (So, as you look around the world at all of these nations that have )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.092 Tw (become democratic, as I said, most often, they credit what the U.S. )Tj T* 0.244 Tw (has done, that the U.S. stood up for them, not only in terms of )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (words in publishing the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 11.8208 0 TD (Human Rights Report )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.8868 0 TD (every year and the )Tj -22.7077 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (Secretary of State saying the right things, but also in having Amer-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (icans and others go into those societies and say, this is what de-)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (mocracy is all about. The people in those countries got ideas, they )Tj T* 0.166 Tw (got big ideas, and they began to get a little democracy from their )Tj T* 0.274 Tw (government, and they wanted more democracy, and that is how )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (these places changed. And as I said before, there are probably 90 )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (countries around the world where we have had that kind of effect )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to one degree or another in helping them change. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.5396 330.9999 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 237.3228 330.9999 Tm 0.276 Tw (. Thank you, sir. The last question has to do )Tj -9.0323 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (with the treatment of terrorist suspects because it is brought to my )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (attention that the U.S. has treated some of the al-Qaeda suspects )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (very much like we criticize other countries for treating. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.364 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.2996 290.9999 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 216.9231 290.9999 Tm 0.364 Tw (. The White House and the Defense Department )Tj -6.9923 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (have made very clear that we do not torture terrorist suspects. Peo-)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (ple are being held in Guantanamo, as you know. They are being )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (held as enemy combatants. As you also know, the Defense Depart-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (ment is working to send many of those people back home, where )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (we can get assurances that they will not be tortured. There will be )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (some that will remain at Guantanamo. There will be some that will )Tj T* 0.166 Tw (be tried. But I, frankly, reject the idea that what we are doing is )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the same as what these other countries are doing. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.4796 200.9999 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.2628 200.9999 Tm 0.07 Tw (. It is not the same as; it is just that these inter-)Tj -8.8263 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (rogation processes include sleep deprivation, shackling of prisoners )Tj T* 0.166 Tw (in painful positionsin a sense, it would be a tortureto be able )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to get information from them. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.6996 160.9999 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 215.3231 160.9999 Tm 0.204 Tw (. The kind of torture that we have talked about in )Tj -6.8323 -1 TD 0.31 Tw (the reports is very different from the way people are generally )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (being treated at Guantanamo. But I think, if you would like to get )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (into this, the Defense Department has the responsibility for these )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (people, and I would encourage you to pursue it with them. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 110.9999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 110.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. The gentleladys time has expired. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00023)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 82 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Length 4934 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (20)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (Ms. N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2996 641 Tm 0 Tw (APOLITANO)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.0828 641 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -7.8083 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 631 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 631 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Mr. Smith of New Jersey. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 621 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.0673 621 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -4.9067 -1 TD 0.272 Tw (I would just comment that I have been down to Guantanamo )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (and, frankly, asked a lot of tough questions, along with other mem-)Tj T* 0.118 Tw (bers of our delegation. It struck me, when I learned that the aver-)Tj T* 0.228 Tw (age weight gain was 17 pounds perthere is an issue of status, )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (and that is a legitimate issue, but the ICRC is on the ground and )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (has unfettered access to those individuals without any kind of lis-)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (tening devices, so if there is torture, we will hear about it from the )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (people, not just our own government, but we would hear about it )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from the International Committee for the Red Cross. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Let me just ask you to comment, briefly, if you would, onI men-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.214 Tw (tioned in my opening about China, especially as it relates to the )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (ongoing and, I believe, egregious practice of one child per couple, )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (its impact on women, as is pointed out here, 500 suicides a day, )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (in whole or in part, attributable to that policy, not to mention the )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (wholesale slaughter of children and the maiming of many women )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mentally as well as physically. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (I would ask you if you would touch on the issue of Turkey and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (torture. As Chairman Hyde mentioned in his opening, we have pro-)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (duced three now, three very significant Torture Victims Relief Act )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (pieces of legislation for domestic centers, for overseas centers, and )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey operates five treatment )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (centers for victims, and yet they are under continual harassment )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (that is unrelenting. Some of their people have been put on trial. )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (Dr. Ayin of the Ishma Treatment Center was given 18 months for )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (attending a funeral. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (They make bogus claims, and we know that there is a very seri-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (ous problem of torture in that country. As a matter of fact, pro-)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (viding information, the Executive Committee of the Human Rights )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (Foundation of Turkey to the rapporteur from the United Nations, )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (for doing that, for passing information, they are now facing very )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (significant sanctions. So if you could touch on that. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (On Belarus, Irina Krasovskaya, who is going to be speaking later )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.262 Tw (on, and I have met with many of the ladies who have had dis-)Tj T* 0.186 Tw (appeared husbands in Belarus. We all know that Lukashenko re-)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (mains, on the order of Nicholas Chaochevsko and Milosevic, one of )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (the worst dictatorships in Europe, and if you could touch on what )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (we are doing, especially as it relates to the disappearances of those )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (individuals. We dont know where they are at. What are we doing )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (as a country, and will we be helpful, with this upcoming election, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in trying to help civil society, the media? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.24 Tw (We passed, with Chairman Hydes leadership, the Belarus De-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.278 Tw (mocracy Act in the State Department. It is a free-standing bill, )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (pending Floor action. We want to help that civil society so that )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (they get a fair chance at a free and fair election rather than have )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Lukashenko rig it all again as he has in the past. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.206 Tw (If you could touch on those three. I have many more, but that )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (would be an opening. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.314 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.7996 140.9999 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 216.4231 140.9999 Tm 0.314 Tw (. Let me do those three. Let me come back very )Tj -6.9423 -1 TD 0.3 Tw (quickly on Guantanamo. There are two issues here. One is the )Tj T* 0.118 Tw (treatment of people day to day, and the other is their legal status. )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (There are fine arguments to be had on the legal status, and as I )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00024)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 85 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 87 0 obj << /Length 4731 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (21)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.208 Tw (open the newspaper every week, I find them being made in U.S. )Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.13 Tw (courts, and they will be made all the way up to the U.S. Supreme )Tj T* 0 Tw (Court. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.112 Tw (As far as the day-to-day treatment of people, clearly, in the very )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.244 Tw (beginning, when people were put in Guantanamo, the conditions )Tj T* 0.228 Tw (were not as we would have wished in terms of housing in those )Tj T* 0.118 Tw (days after 9/11 or the day-to-day treatment. It was not understood )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (that people needed to have Korans, that they needed to be able to )Tj T* 0.068 Tw (pray so many times a day, that they needed special diets, et cetera. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.164 Tw (We invited the ICRC to come in, which is what they do around )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.136 Tw (the world, and tell us what we were doing wrong. The ICRC lived )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (at Guantanamo for a year, and they came in, and they would tell )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (us, and I sat through some of these briefings, here is what you are )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (not doing right, both in terms of physical issues but also in terms )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of comfort issues. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.308 Tw (Now, there continue to be reports of people being ill treated, )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.208 Tw (mostly in Afghanistan. Human Rights Watch put out a report in )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (the last few days about that. Where we get those reports from out-)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (side, but also where we uncover such reports inside by our own in-)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (vestigating, we want to find out what happened and correct that )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (situation. Now, again, you can argue about the legal issues, but, re-)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (garding the day-to-day comfort, ill treatment is clearly not some-)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (thing that we want to see, and it is something that we are very )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (committed to ending very, very quickly, if it happens. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.256 Tw (On China, on the birth-control policy, you know that we have )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.084 Tw (been very forthright about this, as has the White House, obviously, )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (and it is something that we very much want to see ended as we )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (begin to see it affect issues like the suicide rate, but we also begin )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (to see it affect issues like trafficking, and the government does de-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (serve some praise for trying to eradicate trafficking, but the fact is )Tj T* 0.206 Tw (that the one-child policy has helped increase it, and I think that )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (was maybe an unintended effect, but that is what is actually hap-)Tj T* 0 Tw (pening. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.084 Tw (The Turkey report details the legislation that has been passed to )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.19 Tw (try and end torture in Turkey, but it also details that what hap-)Tj T* 0.266 Tw (pens in many other countries is currently happening in Turkey, )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (and that is while there are good laws, they are not always being )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (observed, and so we go through some of the examples that we know )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (of that make it clear that people still are being tortured in Turkey. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.108 Tw (Mark Grossman is personally interested in this issue because he )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.138 Tw (used to be Ambassador there. At the State Department we are all )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (very, very committed to trying to end it, working with the Center )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (for Victims of Torture, for example, to try and bring in people that )Tj T* 0.506 Tw (arent normally involved in these issuesdoctors, lawyers, et )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (cetera,in Turkey to try and end it, but it is something that is still )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (going on. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 171.8 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 171.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Mr. Schiff of California. )Tj -7.6301 -1.02 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 161.6 Tm 0 Tw (CHIFF)Tj 10 0 0 10 209.6272 161.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -5.2627 -1.02 TD 0.28 Tw (Mr. Secretary, a few months ago, the President gave a major )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.224 Tw (speech on democratization, the essential point of which was that )Tj T* 0.3 Tw (the spread of democracy, the propagation of liberty, is the best )Tj T* 0.246 Tw (guarantor of our security, and I think that is exactly right. The )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (foundations of the old view that we could perpetuate our security )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00025)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 88 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 90 0 obj << /Length 4897 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (22)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.264 Tw (by alliances with Saudi Arabia, I think, were shattered on Sep-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (tember 11th. )Tj 1 -1 TD (The challenge, though, is putting those good words into deed, and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (that challenge becomes all the greater in several countries where )Tj T* 0.246 Tw (there is a real clash of our strategic interests and our goal, our )Tj T* 0.078 Tw (broader goal, of the promotion of democracy, and I think your work )Tj T* 0.242 Tw (in human rights and the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 12.8038 0 TD (Country Reports on Human Rights )Tj /F1 1 Tf 17.4858 0 TD 0 Tw (are )Tj -30.2896 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (really part and parcel of the democratization effort. Where there is )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (no democracy, there are seldom human rights, and where there is )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (strong democracy, there are seldom great abuses. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (But we can see conflicts all around us. I think we saw a conflict )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (in Haiti between a strategic imperative, a humanitarian crisis, and )Tj T* 0.208 Tw (democratization issues. We see it very graphically in Uzbekistan, )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (which has one of the most serious human-rights-abuse records, but )Tj T* 0.278 Tw (would be a great place for American bases, and I know that is )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (something that is possibly on the horizon. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (It probably is most graphically illustrated in Pakistan. All of the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (roads seem to lead to Pakistan on the nuclear front, on the democ-)Tj T* 0.35 Tw (ratization front, on the human rights front, on the war-on-ter-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (rorism front, and none of that is going to be easy to unravel. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (My question is, what concrete evidence is there that, aside from )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (a very well-articulated speech, that we are really changing direc-)Tj T* 0.234 Tw (tion, that we are really more forcefully engaging in the effort to )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (promote democracy, when some of the illustrations around us, for )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (some perhaps good, immediate strategic reasons, appear to indicate )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (that nothing much has changed? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5196 381 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.1431 381 Tm 0.086 Tw (. I would disagree with you somewhat. In the Middle )Tj -6.7143 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (East I think you see a number of countries that, both for their own )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (reasons, but also because we have encouraged them, are examples )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (to the region. I would include in this category Qatar, Bahrain, Mo-)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (rocco, Jordan. Now, hopefully, Iraq, with their new constitution, for )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (example, where we can tell other countries in the Middle East and )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (other people in the Middle East, you dont need to be like America. )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (You are Muslims. Go next door to another Muslim country and find )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (out that being a democracy is okay. And we are trying very hard )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to encourage those examples. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (It is the case that there are countries, in the Middle East, Egypt )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.232 Tw (and Saudi Arabia among them, that have not taken the lead on )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (these issues. We would like to see them take the lead on these )Tj T* 0.214 Tw (issues because we think they can be important examples. But in )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (a place like a Qatar or a Bahrain, Bahrain, home to the Fifth Fleet; )Tj T* 0.226 Tw (Qatar, home to the biggest runway that we own, I think, in the )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (Persian Gulf, we are very much encouraging these practices. In a )Tj T* 0.192 Tw (place like Uzbekistan, we, again, are pressing very, very hard on )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (these issues. With the U.S. troops came a tripling in the amount )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of money we give to democracy and human rights. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (There have been incremental improvements in the human rights )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (situation in Uzbekistan. When we dont see improvements, like we )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (did not last December, when we had to certify improvements, we )Tj T* 0.244 Tw (will say that, and we refuse to certify that there had been, and )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (waive the requirement that there had been human rights improve-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ments in Uzbekistan. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2796 120.9999 Tm 0 Tw (CHIFF)Tj 10 0 0 10 209.6472 120.9999 Tm 0.054 Tw (. Mr. Craner, if I could interject, can you give any spe-)Tj -6.2647 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (cific example of a situation where the very near-term, strategic in-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00026)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 91 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 93 0 obj << /Length 4946 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (23)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.258 Tw (terests of the United States came into collision with the longer-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (term vision of the United States in favor of democratization where )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (democratization won? To give you an example, it may be, down the )Tj T* 0.346 Tw (road, we want a permanent base in Uzbekistan. If Uzbekistan )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (hasnt cleaned up its human rights record, will we go forward with )Tj T* 0.082 Tw (a permanent presence there? Where has democracy won? Where do )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (you think democracy will win out over more near-term objectives? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6996 571 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 214.3231 571 Tm 0.104 Tw (. Well, I would say the whole of the Middle East, for )Tj -6.7323 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (starters. I mean, for 50 years, we have basically ignored democracy )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (and human rights there, and on a day when we very, very much )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (needed them, after 9/11, we suddenly said, we are not going to be )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (quiet about these issues anymore. We are going to start pushing )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (them, and we desperately needed the support of every regime in )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (the Middle East, pretty much, that would talk to us. So I would )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (start with the 20 nations in the Middle East. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 490.9999 Tm 0 Tw (CHIFF)Tj 10 0 0 10 209.6272 490.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you. )Tj -5.2627 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 480.9999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 480.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. The gentlemans time has expired. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (I am going to ask for the attention of the Committee. There are )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (several Members: Ms. Watson, certainly, and Mr. Pitts, Mr. Bur-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ton, Mr. Rohrabacher, Mr. Houghton, Mr. Tancredo, and Mr. Royce. )Tj T* 0.258 Tw (We have two more panels. The next panel are people who have )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (been victims of oppression, and I would like to, with your indul-)Tj T* 0.222 Tw (gence, release Secretary Craner, and he will make himself avail-)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (able to answer any written inquiries, I am sure, and let us get to )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (the next panel. We expect to have votes in about 15 minutes, and )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (I fear the Committee will dissolve after the vote, so may have your )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (permission to do that? Thank you. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.168 Tw (Mr. Secretary, thank you for your important presentation. Your )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (full remarks will be made a part of the record, and we will study )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (them carefully. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1796 341 Tm 0 Tw (RANER)Tj 10 0 0 10 213.8031 341 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, sir. I appreciate it. )Tj -5.6803 -1 TD (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 330.9999 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 330.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (I would like to welcome Mrs. Irina Krasovskaya. Before her hus-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (bands disappearance on September 16, 1999, she was a career pro-)Tj T* 0.198 Tw (fessional and homemaker with no desire for the limelight. In the )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (years since, she has been instrumental in publicizing the issues of )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (the disappeared. She has repeatedly taken her cause to the Embas-)Tj T* 0.442 Tw (sies of foreign governments, the U.N. Commission on Human )Tj T* 0.202 Tw (Rights, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (She was a key lobbyist last year at UNCHR in favor of our success-)Tj T* 0.328 Tw (ful resolution urging Belarus to establish accountability for the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (cases of the disappeared. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (Next, I would like to welcome Mr. Gabriel Shumba. Mr. Shumba )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (is a human rights lawyer from Zimbabwe. In January 2003, he was )Tj T* 0.354 Tw (arrested and tortured while in police custody. Has had to feel )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (Zimbabwe and now is the Director of the Accountability Commis-)Tj T* 0.124 Tw (sion-Zimbabwe, and organization based in South Africa, which col-)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (lects information and evidence of human rights abuses occurring in )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (Zimbabwe in an effort to bring about positive change and a demo-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (cratic rule of law. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.592 Tw (Finally, I would like to welcome Ngawang Sangdrol. Ms. )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.308 Tw (Sangdrol is a Tibetan nun and a former political prisoner, and )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (while in prison, Ms. Sangdrol and 13 other nuns secretly recorded )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (poetry and songs in tribute to their homeland and His Holiness, )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00027)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 94 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Length 4464 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (24)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.102 Tw (the Dalai Lama. Because of her devotion to her religion and to her )Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.066 Tw (homeland, Ms. Sangdrol often suffered beatings at the hands of her )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.204 Tw (captors, and her sentence was extended several times during her )Tj T* 0.282 Tw (incarceration, for a cumulative total sentencing of 21 years, the )Tj T* 0.516 Tw (longest sentence imposed on a female political prisoner. Ms. )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Sangdrol was eventually released prior to serving her complete sen-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (tence and was allowed to travel to the United States in 2003 for )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (the purpose of medical treatment for an injury she received while )Tj T* 0 Tw (imprisoned. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.212 Tw (We are very happy to have you and your fellow panelists here )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.06 Tw (today to share your stories. We look forward to your testimony, and )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (I will suggest that the translator, instead of going through the wit-)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (ness, Ms. Sangdrols, speaking in her native tongue, you have her )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (statement, and you can read her statement, and that will suffice, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (if that is all right. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.082 Tw (If we could have a brief, 5-minute presentation, and then we will )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.122 Tw (ask questions. All right? We will start with you, Ms. Krasovskaya. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 154.32 459.1001 Tm 0.0422 Tw (STATEMENT OF IRINA KRASOVSKAYA, BELARUSIAN HUMAN )Tj 11.8667 -1.2 TD (RIGHTS ACTIVIST )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 434.2001 Tm 0.176 Tw (Ms. K)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.1696 434.2001 Tm 0 Tw (RASOVSKAYA)Tj 10 0 0 10 243.2087 434.2001 Tm 0.176 Tw (. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I re-)Tj -9.6209 -1.01 TD 0.11 Tw (quest my full statement and accompanying materials be submitted )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (into the record in their entirely. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.088 Tw (My name is Irina Krasovskaya. I am the mother of two beautiful )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.35 Tw (daughters and the grandmother of a marvelous granddaughter, )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (Martha. I am the wife of Anatoly Krasovsky, a businessman who )Tj T* 0.572 Tw (provided financial assistance to the democratic opposition of )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (Belarus for many years. Last year, it was the 25-year anniversary )Tj T* 0.25 Tw (of our wedding, but I had to celebrate this occasion without my )Tj T* 0 Tw (husband. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.466 Tw (On September 16, 1999, my husband was kidnapped. That )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.088 Tw (evening, I was waiting at home for my husband and his friend, the )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (vice speaker of the Belarusian Parliament, Victor Gonchar. Nor-)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (mally, on Thursdays, my husband would return home at 11 p.m. )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (after visiting a sauna. That evening, I started calling him at about )Tj T* 0.382 Tw (midnight, but there was no answer. After midnight, when his )Tj T* 0.248 Tw (phone became disconnected, something broke down inside of me. )Tj T* 0.266 Tw (My husband always informed me of his whereabouts, no matter )Tj T* 0 Tw (what. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.118 Tw (With each passing minute, the thought that something had hap-)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.136 Tw (pened to him frightened me more and more. I stood near the win-)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (dow and looked into the darkness of the night. The sound of every )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (passing car gave me a hope. A few hours later, I finally understood )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (that something was really wrong, and I called up all of the police )Tj T* 0.242 Tw (stations, hospitals, and morgues. There was no word of my hus-)Tj T* 0 Tw (band. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.184 Tw (The next day, in the morning, I received a phone call from the )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.176 Tw (police. When I picked up phone, I was asked, Your husband dis-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (appeared, didnt he? I was surprised by how informed the police )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (were. I went to them hoping to receive at least some information, )Tj T* 0.232 Tw (and, instead, I was interrogated. The room was filled with high-)Tj T* (ranking police officers saying shocking things and repeating con-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (stantly, Admit it. You know where your husband is.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00028)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 97 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 99 0 obj << /Length 4561 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (25)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.294 Tw (The investigators arrived shortly after I returned home. They )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.248 Tw (took pictures of every inch of my apartment, and I asked them, )Tj T* 0.316 Tw (Why are you doing all this? Their response was, Maybe you )Tj T* 0.33 Tw (killed your husband yourself. Other investigators, who came 8 )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (days later, in order to obtain information about the car, said that )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (we will find out the truth eventually, but not anytime soon. After )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (the search, my friends and I went to the place of the kidnapping. )Tj T* 0.32 Tw (There, we found only shards of glass, drops of blood, and skid )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (marks from the braking car. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (When the initial shock passed, we began to come up with pos-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.284 Tw (sible scenarios. We thought of everything, from secret imprison-)Tj T* 0.286 Tw (ment to forcible hospitalization in a psychiatric institution. Two )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (weeks later, however, my friends told me that I should be a realist )Tj T* 0.282 Tw (and understand the facts: In our country, when people are kid-)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (napped, it is not for the purpose of keeping them alive and hidden )Tj T* 0 Tw (somewhere. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (According to the investigators working on this case, the kidnap-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (ping transpired as follows. My husband, together with his friend, )Tj T* 0.266 Tw (Gonchar, left the sauna and got into the car. Immediately after )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (they turned the corner, a car cut them off. My husband, who was )Tj T* 0.068 Tw (driving, attempted to back off but was blocked by a second car. The )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (doors of our car would lock if one hit the brakes abruptly, and that )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (is exactly what happened then. People who jumped out of those two )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (cars broke the side windows and pulled out my husband and his )Tj T* 0.338 Tw (friend. The traces of Victor Gonchars blood were found at the )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (scene. Then they were forced into separate cars and taken away. )Tj T* 0.292 Tw (Our jeep was left there because the doors automatically locked. )Tj T* 0.418 Tw (Later on, our car was towed away. That night, my husband, )Tj T* 0.242 Tw (Anatoly Krasovsky, and his friend, Victor Gonchar, were shot in )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the forest. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.212 Tw (My psychotherapist told me that I should start living as if my )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (husband had died. At that time, I said to myself that I could not )Tj T* 0.274 Tw (live and think that way. However, some years hence, I realized )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (that my husband was dead and that I couldnt live under illusions, )Tj T* 0.068 Tw (continuing to lie to myself and to my daughters. My mind won over )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (my heart that refused to believe that the person it loved eternally )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (was dead. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (Almost 5 years have passed since the kidnapping of my husband. )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Now I see him only in my dreams. Many nights, I have dreams in )Tj T* 0.288 Tw (which he comes back, and I feel a great sense of relief. In the )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (dream, I hug him and say, I have been waiting for you so long. )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Finally, you have come back.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.206 Tw (My husband was an incredibly strong person. I never saw him )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (cry. Many times, when my husband was alive, I would come home )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (from work upset and cry, and he would always calm me down and )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (explain that there should be a far more important reason for tears. )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (He was always my defender and a real support for me. And after )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (a few months had passed after the kidnapping, he appeared in my )Tj T* 0.238 Tw (dream with tears running down his cheek, saying, Irina, please )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (save me. I woke up and understood that I would never forgive )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (those people who made my husband cry. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (On September 16, 1999, in one instant, my life was destroyed be-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (cause of a sick tyrant who is willing to kill people only to maintain )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (his stronghold on power. All that I have done since then is to carry )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00029)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 100 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 102 0 obj << /Length 6167 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (26)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.196 Tw (out a fight. This fight is for dignity of my husband. This fight is )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.14 Tw (for the peace of my family, for my childrens happiness. This fight )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (is for my mother, who cant walk after this tragedy. This fight is )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (for my country and myself. I do not want anybody else to see the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (nightmares I have seen. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.358 Tw (Everything that I am telling you takes place in Belarus. At )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.238 Tw (present, my country is ruled by the last dictator of Europe. The )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (Lukashenko regime violates the most basic human right, the right )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to live. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.194 Tw (Sadly, I am not alone in accusing the regime of murder. Other )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.182 Tw (prominent politicians and public figures have disappeared. I have )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (brought the Committee a copy of the Council of Europes report, )Tj T* 0.352 Tw (which concludes that documents and extensive testimony prove )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (that Lukashenko and his associates have conspired to murder any )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Belarusian who opposes their rule. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.148 Tw (I speak before you today on behalf of women like myself, whose )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.18 Tw (husbands, well-known Belarusian public and political figures, dis-)Tj T* 0.184 Tw (appeared. I speak before you as the founder of the civil initiative )Tj T* 0.43 Tw (named We Remember, whose aim is to unite the efforts of )Tj T* 0.322 Tw (Belarusian and international organizations in the search of the )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (truth about the fate of the members of our families. And I speak )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (before you today in the hope that one day my granddaughter, Mar-)Tj T* 0.168 Tw (tha, will bring flowers to the grave of her grandfather, whom she )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (has never seen. Thank you very much. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD ([The prepared statement of Ms. Krasovskaya follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 164.42 382.5002 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 169.7559 382.5002 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 204.7479 382.5002 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 209.7878 382.5002 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 262.2422 382.5002 Tm (I)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 265.4981 382.5002 Tm (RINA)Tj 8 0 0 8 285.2005 382.5002 Tm (K)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 291.4244 382.5002 Tm (RASOVSKAYA)Tj 8 0 0 8 337.0564 382.5002 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 347.7002 382.5002 Tm 0 Tw (ELARUSIAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 390.161 382.5002 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 396.8249 382.5002 Tm (UMAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 420.5593 382.5002 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 426.3352 382.5002 Tm (IGHTS)Tj 8 0 0 8 447.5511 382.5002 Tm ( )Tj -19.7439 -1.0125 TD (A)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 295.3759 374.4002 Tm (CTIVIST)Tj 8 0 0 8 322.3967 374.4002 Tm ( )Tj -20.9246 -1.6375 TD 0.2125 Tw (I request my full statement and accompanying materials be submitted into the )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0525 Tw (record in their entirety. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.1475 Tw (My name is Irina Krasovskaya. I am the mother of two beautiful daughters and )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1825 Tw (the grandmother of a marvelous granddaughter Martha. I am the wife of Anatoly )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (Krasovsky who provided financial assistance to the democratic opposition of Belarus )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (for many years. Last year, it was the 25-year anniversary of our wedding. But I had )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to celebrate that occasion without my husband. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.105 Tw (On September 16, 1999, my husband was kidnapped. That evening I was waiting )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.2025 Tw (at home for my husband and his friend, the Vice Speaker of the Belarusian Par-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (liament Victor Gonchar. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.1425 Tw (Normally on Thursdays, my husband would return home at 11:00 p.m. after vis-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD (iting a sauna. That evening I started calling him at about midnight but there was )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (no answer. After midnight, when his phone became disconnected and the operator )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (repeated endlessly that the number was unavailable, something broke down inside )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (of me. My husband always informed me of his whereabouts no matter what. With )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (each passing minute, the thought that something had happened to him frightened )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (me more and more. I stood near the window and looked into the darkness of the )Tj T* 0.2075 Tw (night. The sound of every passing car gave me a hope)Tj 26.7066 0 TD 0.555 Tc -0.3475 Tw [(....)555( A)555( )]TJ 4.47 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2075 Tw (few hours later, I )Tj -31.1766 -1.0125 TD 0.1725 Tw (finally understood that something was really wrong. I called up all the police sta-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tions, hospitals, and morgues. There was no word of my husband. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.1625 Tw (On September 17, in the morning I received a phone call from the police. When )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1275 Tw (I picked up phone, I was asked, Your husband disappeared, didnt he? I was sur-)Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (prised by how informed the police were. I went to them hoping to receive at least )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (some information, instead I was interrogated. The room was filled with high-rank-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (ing police officers, saying shocking things and repeating constantly, Admit it, you )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (know where husband is.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.265 Tw (The investigators arrived shortly after I returned home. They took pictures of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1275 Tw (every inch of our apartment. I asked them, Why are you doing all this? Their re-)Tj T* 0.265 Tw (sponse was, Maybe you killed your husband yourself. Other investigators, who )Tj T* 0.3175 Tw (came eight days later, in order to obtain information about the car which dis-)Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (appeared along with my husband and his friend Mr. Gonchar, said that we will find )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (out the truth eventually, but not any time soon. After the search, my friends and )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00030)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 103 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 105 0 obj << /Length 6269 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (27)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.17 Tw (I went to the place of the kidnapping. There we found only shards of glass, drops )Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (of blood and skid marks from the breaking car. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0725 Tw (When the initial shock passed, Anatolys friends and I began to come up with pos-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.13 Tw (sible scenarios. We thought of everything from secret imprisonment to forcible hos-)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (pitalization in a psychiatric institution. Two weeks later, however, my friends told )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (me that I should be a realist and understand the facts: in our country, when people )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (are kidnapped, it is not for the purpose of keeping them alive and hidden some-)Tj T* 0 Tw (where. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.155 Tw (According to the investigators working on the case the kidnapping transpired as )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1575 Tw (follows: my husband, together with his friend, left the sauna and got into our car. )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (Immediately after they turned the corner, a car cut them off. My husband, who was )Tj T* 0.205 Tw (driving attempted to back off, but was blocked by a second car. The doors of our )Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (car would lock if one hit the brakes abruptly, and that is exactly what happened )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (then. People who jumped out of those two cars broke the side windows and pulled )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (out my husband and his friend. The traces of Victor Gonchars blood were found at )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (the scene. Then they were forced into separate cars and taken away. Our jeep was )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (left there, because it was automatically locked. Later on, our car was towed away. )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (That night my husband, Anatoly Krasovsky, and his friend, Victor Gonchar, were )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (shot in a forest. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.115 Tw [(.)-555(.)-555(.)-555(My psychotherapist told me that I should start living as if my husband had )]TJ -1 -0.9875 TD 0.155 Tw (died. At that time I said to myself that I could not live and think that way. How-)Tj 0 -1 TD (ever, some years hence I realized that my husband was dead and that I could not )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (live under illusions, continuing to lie to myself and to my daughters. My mind won )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (over my heart that refused to believe that the person it loved eternally was dead. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2125 Tw (Almost five years have passed since the kidnapping of my husband. Now I see )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1775 Tw (him only in my dreams. Many nights I have dreams in which he comes back and )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (I feel a great sense of relief. In the dream, I hug him and say, I have been waiting )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (for you so long. Finally youve come back.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1525 Tw (My husband was an incredibly strong person. I never saw him cry. Many times, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (when my husband was alive, I would come home from work upset and cry. He would )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (always calm me down and explain to me that there should be a far more important )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (reason for tears. He was always my defender and a real support for me. After a few )Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (months had passed after the kidnapping, he appeared in my dream with tears run-)Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (ning down his cheeks, saying, Ira, please save me. I woke up and understood that )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (I would never forgive those people who made my husband cry. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.175 Tw (On September 16, 1999, in one instant, my life was destroyed because of a sick )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.195 Tw (tyrant who is willing to kill people only to maintain his stronghold on power. All )Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (that I have done since then is to carry out a fight. This fight is for dignity of my )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (husband, this fight is for the peace of my family, for my childrens happiness; this )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (fight is for my mother who cant walk after she helped me to live through our fam-)Tj T* 0.195 Tw (ilys tragedy; this fight is for my country and myself. I do not want anybody else )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to see the nightmares Ive seen. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1725 Tw (Everything that I am telling you takes place in Belarus. At present my country )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.195 Tw (is ruled by the last dictator of Europe. The Lukashenko regime violates the most )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (basic human right, the right to live. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (Sadly, I am not alone in accusing the regime of murder. Other prominent politi-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1225 Tw (cians and public figures have disappeared. I have brought the Committee a copy of )Tj T* (the Council of Europes report which concludes that documents and extensive testi-)Tj T* 0.3175 Tw (mony prove that Lukashenko and his associates have conspired to murder any )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Belarusian who opposes their rule. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (I speak before you today on behalf of women like myself, whose husbands, well-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.205 Tw (known Belarusian public and political figures, disappeared. I speak before you as )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (the founder of the civil initiative named We Remember whose aim is to unite the )Tj T* 0.2725 Tw (efforts of Belarusians and international organizations in the search of the truth )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (about the fate of the members of our families. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Thank you.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 191 Tm 0.052 Tw (Chairman H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.6691 191 Tm 0 Tw (YDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.3008 191 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much. )Tj -7.6301 -1 TD (Mr. Shumba. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 160.16 164.8 Tm 0.0422 Tw (STATEMENT OF GABRIEL SHUMBA, ZIMBABWEAN HUMAN )Tj 4.7 -1.0889 TD (RIGHTS ACTIVIST AND TORTURE VICTIM )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 140.9999 Tm 0.182 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5596 140.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HUMBA)Tj 10 0 0 10 216.8471 140.9999 Tm 0.182 Tw (. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you all )Tj -6.9847 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (Members of the Committee. I request that the entirety of my state-)Tj T* 0.338 Tw (ment, along with the additional material, be submitted for the )Tj T* 0 Tw (record. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00031)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 106 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 109 0 obj << /Length 4705 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (28)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.062 Tw (My name is Gabriel Shumba. I am a human rights defender from )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.446 Tw (Zimbabwe, as well as a human rights lawyer. I practiced in )Tj T* 0.28 Tw (Zimbabwe as a lawyer until March last year, before I was con-)Tj T* 0.106 Tw (demned to live in exile. The events leading to my fleeing the coun-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (try are in my statement. I will try to be very brief. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (I was arrested on the 14th of February 2003 for representing an )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.196 Tw (opposition member of Parliament. The opposition member of Par-)Tj T* 0.082 Tw (liament had been harassed and politically persecuted, to the extent )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (that eventually he had been accused for a crime, the crime of trea-)Tj T* 0.094 Tw (son, falsely. Because of events leading to his harassment, I was re-)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (quested to attend to him, which I did, in the company of my young )Tj T* 0 Tw (brother. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (We were then approached by riot police officers in the company )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (of Army personnel wielding AK47s, grenades, and dogs. I inquired )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (as to the nature of the outfit because they simply stormed my of-)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (fice, the room where we were holding the meeting, but instead of )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (obliging me with an answer, they told me that there was no place )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (for human rights lawyers in Zimbabwe. We were taken, then sepa-)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (rated, and I was taken to a police station several kilometers away )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from where they had initially got a hold of us. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (I was taken, Mr. Chair, to a place so horrendous that even in a )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (place where the rule of the jungle prevails, one shudders to think )Tj T* 0.206 Tw (that such conditions would exist. I was made to sleep for 3 days )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (in a cell infested with maggots, those white maggots. It was a mix-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (ture urine and human waste on the floor where I was spent 3 days. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (On the second day, they came to take me away. They placed a )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (hood over my head. I managed to identify some of my tormentors, )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (but suffice it to say that they drove me for about 1 hour, 30 min-)Tj T* 0.296 Tw (utes, outside Harare, to an area, I suppose, in the countryside, )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (judging by the bumping noises that the car was making. The car, )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (before they put the hood on, I noticed it was lined with black car-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (pets, black curtains and black carpet on the floor. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (I was then taken underground to a torture chamber that is about )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.244 Tw (three floors downstairs, and with my hands handcuffed, the feet )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (shackled, I was asked then to slip the feet through the hands. A )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (thick plank was then slipped in between the hands and the feet, )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (and shortly before that, I had already been stripped entirely naked. )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (They hung me upside down on the wall. The wall was lined with )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (planks. So I was hung upside down and beaten on the soles of the )Tj T* 0.072 Tw (feet with rubber and wooden truncheons. I was also kicked, and for )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (9 hours, this persisted. I was then taken down. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (I was placed in that position, and a contraption which was black )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (in color, resembling a telephone, was then brought over to a small )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (table. It had copper wires dangling from it. The wires, one was put )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (in my mouth, and another was wrapped around my genitals tight-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (ly. In fact, they were pulling some of them to say, we want to see )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (whether it is fitting up, and one of the wires in my mouth actually )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (has made a permanent groove on one of my teeth. Another one is )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (actually broken from that experience. Other wires were tied to my )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (toes and fingers. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (Then a blast of electricity was switched on. I had never imagined )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (that it is possible to feel hot and cold at the same time, but I did. )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (I could even feel my eyes bulging out of their sockets, but I couldnt )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (see anything. I just went spasmodic. This went on and on for a pe-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00032)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 110 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 112 0 obj << /Length 6343 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (29)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.352 Tw (riod of about 7 hours, interspersed with questions, humiliating )Tj 0 -0.99 TD 0.054 Tw (questions, for example, about how many times my father and moth-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (er had sex before I was conceived, and if I couldnt answer, then )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (another dosage would be put through my body. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.086 Tw (So, at the end of it all, I eventually went unconscious, then woke )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.212 Tw (up to find they were sprinkling some chemical all over my body. )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (I even vomited blood, and then some of them came urinating all )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (over me in that position. some were taking photographs, and they )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (were saying, This is humiliation. This is humiliation, and they )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (appeared drunk. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.19 Tw (Suffice it to say that after the ordeal, then I was forced to roll )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (on the floor in that position, handcuffed like that, to drink the foul )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (and revolting mixture that included my own urine, as I had lost )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (control of my bladder, their urine, and one of them actually stuck )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (his member into my mouth, and, to this day, I even cringe when )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I remember the smell and feeling of his member in my mouth. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (I was then, after the interrogation, taken back to a police station, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (where I was charged with treason. Fortunately, the charges were )Tj T* 0.274 Tw (dropped, as the court established through medical evidence that )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (the evidence that was thought to be lead had been obtained by du-)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (ress. I, however, was threatened, and although my family continues )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (to live in Zimbabwe in mortal fear for their lives, I was threatened )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and had to run to South Africa. Thank you, Mr. Chair. )Tj 1 -1 TD ([The prepared statement of Mr. Shumba follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 150.3 396 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 155.6359 396 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 190.6279 396 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 195.6678 396 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 248.1221 396 Tm (G)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 254.3461 396 Tm (ABRIEL)Tj 8 0 0 8 282.3428 396 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 287.3828 396 Tm (HUMBA)Tj 8 0 0 8 313.2131 396 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, Z)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 322.969 396 Tm 0 Tw (IMBABWEAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 368.8538 396 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 375.5177 396 Tm (UMAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 399.252 396 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 405.028 396 Tm (IGHTS)Tj 8 0 0 8 428.8839 396 Tm (A)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 434.6598 396 Tm (CTIVIST)Tj 8 0 0 8 461.6806 396 Tm ( )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 266.16 388 Tm (AND)Tj 8 0 0 8 283.616 388 Tm (T)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 288.9519 388 Tm (ORTURE)Tj 8 0 0 8 319.9183 388 Tm (V)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 325.6942 388 Tm (ICTIM)Tj 8 0 0 8 345.835 388 Tm ( )Tj -23.8544 -1.625 TD 0.085 Tw (Mr Chair and Members of the Committee, I request that the entirety of my state-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.145 Tw (ment, along with the additional material, be submitted for the record. I thank you )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (for the singular honor that you have accorded to me. To be given the opportunity )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (to address this esteemed body at a time when my country, Zimbabwe, is facing an )Tj T* 0.2425 Tw (unprecedented social, economic and political crisis is a manifestation of the Free )Tj T* 0.225 Tw (Worlds concern with democracy and human rights the world over. Further testi-)Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (mony of this commitment is evident in the 2003 U.S. State Department Report on )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (Human Rights Practices, which devotes significant space to the human rights issues )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (affecting my country. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.195 Tw (Mr Chair, I am a human rights lawyer from Zimbabwe who was last year con-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2075 Tw (demned to live in exile in South Africa because of unrelenting persecution, death )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (threats and torture at the hands of President Robert Mugabes regime. Allow me )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to narrate the ordeal that forced me into exile. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.185 Tw (Pursuant to the call of my profession, on the 14th of January 2003 I consented )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.105 Tw (to represent an opposition Member of Parliament, Mr Job Sikhala. He had engaged )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (me to represent him in a matter in which he alleged political harassment by mem-)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (bers of the Zimbabwe Republic Police \(ZRP\). At that moment in time, the MP was )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (hiding from the police. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1125 Tw (My young brother, Bishop Shumba, accompanied me to take instructions. I found )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2025 Tw (the MP in the company of one Taurai Magaya and Charles Mutama. I proceeded )Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (to take instructions and confer with Mr Sikhala. However, at or about 23:00 hrs, )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (riot police accompanied by plain-clothes policemen, the army and personnel, who I )Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (later discovered were from the Central Intelligence Organization \(CIO\), the spy )Tj T* 0.1475 Tw (agency of the government, stormed the room. They were armed with AK 47s, tear )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (gas canisters, grenades and vicious-looking dogs. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1275 Tw (I identified myself as a lawyer and enquired as to the nature and purpose of the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2775 Tw (police actions. Thereupon, one of the officers confiscated my Lawyers Practicing )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (Certificate and informed me that there was no place for human rights lawyers in )Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (Zimbabwe. Others grabbed my diary as well as files and documents. All of us were )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (prodded with guns in the back and bundled into a police vehicle. Several acts of as-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (sault and violence were perpetrated upon my person. In particular, I was slapped )Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (several times and kicked with booted-feet by amongst others, a certain detective in-)Tj T* 0.335 Tw (spector Mbedzi, the officer in charge of Saint Marys Police Station. They also )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (threatened to let the dogs maul us, and boasted that this had been done before. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00033)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 113 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 115 0 obj << /Length 6919 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (30)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.06 Tw (Moments later, we were driven to Saint Marys Police Station but no charges were )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (preferred. We were denied access to legal representation and were abused and in-)Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (sulted for allegedly working in cahoots with western powers in an attempt to re-)Tj T* 0.105 Tw (verse the gains of the liberation struggle. Our mobile phones were also confiscated, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and we were denied contact with our lawyers, relatives and friends. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.195 Tw (Around 1:00am we were driven to Matapi Police Station some seven kilometers )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.125 Tw (from the initial place of arrest. Here Mr Sikhala and Bishop were booked into the )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (holding cells. I was taken to Mbare police holding cells, a further three kilometers )Tj T* 0.4075 Tw (away from Matapi, whilst, as I subsequently discovered, Mr Magaya and Mr )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (Mutama were taken to Harare Central Police Station, which is about five kilometers )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (away. The tactic of separating arrestees and taking them to locations removed from )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (where they have been arrested is a favorite of the police in Zimbabwe. This is de-)Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (signed to prevent their relatives or lawyers access to them when they are tortured )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in torture chambers scattered all over the country. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.08 Tw (I was only booked into the cells at around 3:00am. I was denied blankets and had )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1875 Tw (to sleep on a concrete floor. The cell that was about 3m x 4m housed over 20 in-)Tj T* 0.2625 Tw (mates. I had to spend the whole night squatting in a pool of urine and human )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (waste. This revolting mixture had maggots and worms that irritated or bit at me )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (the whole night. As if this was not enough, I had to endure the torment of other )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (denizens of the cell, which included lice and bed bugs. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2225 Tw (Around 12:00pm on the next day, personnel from the CID \(Criminal Investiga-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0625 Tw (tions DeptLaw and Order Section\) of the Harare Central Police Station booked me )Tj T* 0.255 Tw (out of Mbare holding cells. Even now I have not been told of the nature of the )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (charges preferred against me, nor had any official entry been made to indicate that )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (I was being held at Mbare, another notorious police tactic. The police were under )Tj T* (the charge-ship of one Detective Inspector Garnet Sikhova. In spite of my bruises )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (and the pain that I felt, I was dragged to a yellow mini-bus whose registration num-)Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (bers I was prevented from looking at. My constant pleas for legal representation, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (food and water were in vain. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2025 Tw (Mr Chair, the mini-bus that I was hauled into had no seats inside. Even more )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.165 Tw (sinister was the fact that it had black curtains and a black carpet lining the win-)Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (dows and the floor. In the extreme end of the vehicle was a raised platform where-)Tj T* 0.175 Tw (upon some of the Police Officers sat. I was nonetheless ordered to sit on the floor )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (facing the back of the vehicle. A black hood was then slipped over my head. It was )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (made of nylon and did not have any breathing-holes in it. In a short while I became )Tj T* 0.2875 Tw (claustrophobic, sweated heavily and had difficulties breathing. My requests that )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (part of the hood be pulled slightly over my nose to allow me to breathe were rudely )Tj T* 0.135 Tw (denied. Instead, I was asked to use the mouth that you use to defend the MDC to )Tj T* 0 Tw (breathe. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (After what appeared like an hours drive, the vehicle pulled over and my hands )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.155 Tw (were handcuffed behind my back. I was bundled out of the car to find myself in a )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1675 Tw (tunnel of some sort, judging by the echoes that our footsteps made. I was advised )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (that you are now a blind man and have to act like a blind person. After several )Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (twists and turns, in what appeared a labyrinth of some sort, we descended about )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (three floors of stairs underground. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2825 Tw (Off to the right I could hear the sounds of horrible screaming. I was thrown )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (against the wall and the hood was then removed. I was stripped utterly naked, then )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (had my hands and feet handcuffed and bound so that I was in a foetal position. The )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (police then thrust a thick plank between my legs and hands. Other planks lined the )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (room and the light was dim. In a corner to my right side, there was a pool of what )Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (my tormentors told me was acid, into which I could be dissolved without a trace. )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (I was also informed that I could be crucified on the planks against the wall, or have )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (needles thrust into my urethra if you are not co-operative. In the middle of the )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (room were a small table and a chair. About 15 or so interrogators stood over me )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (and some of them began assaulting me with booted-feet and fists all over the body. )Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (I was then given the option of either telling the truth or dying a slow and painful )Tj T* 0 Tw (death. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Several questions were asked about my background as a student activist, the po-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (litical affiliation of judges, my scholarship to pursue a Masters degree in South Afri-)Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (ca, my alleged involvement in the burning of a government bus, and my political )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (ambitions. At some point I was hung upside down on the planks and assaulted be-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (neath the feet with wooden and rubber truncheons, as well as some pieces of metal. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1525 Tw (Running concurrently with the other assaults and ongoing interrogation, various )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0775 Tw (electrical shocks were introduced to my body. A black contraption resembling a tele-)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (phone was placed on the small table. It had several electric cables emanating from )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (it. One cable was tied to the middle toe of my right foot, whilst another was tied )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (to the second toe of the left foot. Another copper wire was wrapped tightly around )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (my genitals. Again, another one was put into my mouth. Still in the foetal position, )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00034)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 116 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 118 0 obj << /Length 6852 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (31)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.1125 Tw (I was ordered to hold a metallic receiver in my bound right hand and I then forced )Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.12 Tw (to place this next to my right ear. A blast of electric shocks was then administered )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to my body for about eight to nine hours. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.135 Tw (On several occasions, I lost consciousness only to be revived to face the same or-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0575 Tw (deal. A chemical substance was applied to my body. I also lost control of my bladder, )Tj T* 0.125 Tw (vomited blood and was forced to drink my urine and lick my vomit. I was also uri-)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (nated upon by several of my interrogators. Whilst the questioning was in process, )Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (several photographs were taken of me cringing and writhing in pain and in naked-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ness. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0625 Tw (At the end of this ordeal, around 7:00 pm, I was unbound and then forced to write )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.16 Tw (several documents under my torturers dictation. In the documents, I incriminated )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (myself as well as senior MDC personnel in several subversive activities. Under pain )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (of death, I was also forced to agree to work for the Central Intelligence Organiza-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (tion, the government spy agency. In addition, I was compelled to swear allegiance )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (to President Robert Mugabe, as well as to promise that I would not disclose my or-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (deal, either to the independent press or the courts. I later did. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.15 Tw (Around 19:30 pm, I was blindfolded and taken to Harare Central Police Station, )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0825 Tw (where I was booked into a holding cell even more horrendously inhumane than that )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (at Mbare Police Station. On the third day of my arrest, my lawyers, who had at )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (that point obtained a High Court injunction ordering my release to court, were al-)Tj T* 0.095 Tw (lowed access to me. I had not had food or water throughout the period of my deten-)Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (tion, which was three days. I had also not been formally notified of the nature of )Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (the charge against me. Subsequently, however, I was charged under Section 5 of the )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (Public Order and Security Act, which deals with organizing, planning or conspiring )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (to overthrow the government through unconstitutional means. These charges were )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (dismissed in a court of law after medical evidence established that we had been tor-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tured. Subsequently, I was threatened with death and had to flee for my life. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.12 Tw (I worked at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Tanzania for two )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1825 Tw (months and was threatened by the High Commissioner of Zimbabwe to Tanzania. )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (I then had to flee to South Africa. In spite of psychiatric and other medical treat-)Tj T* 0.245 Tw (ment, I continue to experience nightmares, suffer depression as well extreme fa-)Tj T* 0 Tw (tigue. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1825 Tw (I am convinced that my torture and ill treatment was authorized and condoned )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.3775 Tw (at the highest level of the Zimbabwe state. It is inconceivable that President )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (Mugabe is unaware that his police, army and intelligence officials are using torture. )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (The President has been aware that torture is being used against human rights ac-)Tj T* 0.155 Tw (tivists and those suspected to be linked to the MDC, as is exemplified by the case )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (of journalists Mark Chavunduka and Ray Choto. The two were brutally tortured by )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (the army and Chavunduka died later. Mugabe was however on TV gloating that )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (those who write stories about the army should expect army justice. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.055 Tw (I lodged a report of what transpired to me with the police, but up to now no action )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1225 Tw (has been taken. I have also instructed my lawyer to institute civil proceedings, but )Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (am not hopeful, as the Executive has largely subverted the judicial system. Further-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (more, the police in Zimbabwe are notorious for defying court orders. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2375 Tw (Mr Chair, I should also point out that members of my family who are still in )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.145 Tw (Zimbabwe are in mortal danger as I speak. I cannot afford to lose them as we are )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (a very small family, having been orphaned early in life. I am the first born in a )Tj T* 0.135 Tw (family of four. Both my parents are deceased. My father died of cancer of the liver )Tj T* 0.245 Tw (when I was 10 years old. I became the sole breadwinner of the family after my )Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (mother passed away some years later. My mother succumbed to the AIDS virus in )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (1995, having spent many years trying to raise us. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (Eventually, I struggled through education with the help of a kind white couple, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0975 Tw (Mary Austin and John Ayton. I mention this couple to dispel the myth that the cri-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (sis in Zimbabwe is a tug of war between black and white. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.205 Tw (At the University of Zimbabwe where I obtained a Bachelor of Laws \(Honours\) )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.22 Tw (degree I was a student activist. In 1995 I led demonstrations against police bru-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (tality. This culminated in my suspension from the University of Zimbabwe \(UZ\) for )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (a period of two years. Whilst on suspension, I wrote articles on student rights and )Tj T* 0.2575 Tw (addressed seminars on academic freedom in Zimbabwe. After readmission to the )Tj T* 0.285 Tw (University in 1997, I mounted a one-person demonstration to protest the heavy )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (handedness of the police in quelling student disturbances. For this I was abducted )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (and tortured at a torture chamber situated in the basement of Harare Central Pris-)Tj T* 0 Tw (on. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.115 Tw (Mr Chair, to date I have been arrested and assaulted or tortured 14 times under )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.195 Tw (the regime of President Robert Mugabe. At my graduation on the 18th of August )Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (2000, I was again arrested and taken into police custody for attempting to hand )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (over a petition protesting the breakdown of the rule of law in Zimbabwe, especially )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (on the farms, to President Robert Mugabe. As I approached Mugabe, who is also )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00035)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 119 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 121 0 obj << /Length 5025 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (32)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.1025 Tw (Chancellor of the University, his bodyguards whisked me away. As a result, I could )Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.1325 Tw (not graduate with my fellow students as I was in prison, complete in my academic )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (regalia. This incident was reported in the press. Mr Chair, I submit that all that )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (which transpired to me should be seen as a microcosm of the brutality visited upon )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (human rights and opposition activists in Zimbabwe. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD (I thank you Honorable Members.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 589.6 Tm 0.098 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.7196 589.6 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 210.2873 589.6 Tm 0.098 Tw ([presiding]. Thank you very much, Mr. Shumba. That )Tj -6.3287 -0.99 TD 0.228 Tw (was a very powerful and sad and tragic rendition of the terrible )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (torture that you have endured, and we thank you for bearing wit-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (ness to what has been done to you because that gives us, as dif-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (ficult as it is for you, I am sure, to share that, an idea just how )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (despicable these people are. So we do thank you for that. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD (I would like to now ask Ms. Sangdrol if she would begin. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 158.46 514 Tm 0.0422 Tw (STATEMENT OF NGAWANG SANGDROL, TIBETAN NUN AND )Tj 7.5489 -1.0889 TD (FORMER POLITICAL PRISONER )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 490.3 Tm 0.278 Tw (Ms. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.7096 490.3 Tm 0 Tw (ANGDROL)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.7889 490.3 Tm 0.278 Tw (. Mr. Chairman and Honorable Members of the )Tj -8.0789 -0.99 TD 0.108 Tw (Committee, my name is Ngawang Sangdrol, and I am a former Ti-)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (betan political prisoner. I am greatly honored and privileged to be )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (speaking before the United States Congress today. Ever since my )Tj T* 0.146 Tw (release, it has been a hope of mine to be able to personally thank )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (the United States Congress for your support in my case. Since my )Tj T* 0.146 Tw (English is not good, as I am studying to learn it, I seek your per-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mission to have Ms. Pamagrov translate for me. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (Ms. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.7696 411 Tm 0 Tw (ANGDROL)Tj 10 0 0 10 229.469 411 Tm 0.084 Tw ([through translator]. Mr. Chairman, I would, first )Tj -8.2469 -1 TD 0.302 Tw (of all, request that my full statement be placed in the hearing )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (record, and I will just give a few brief remarks. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (I would like to express my utmost gratitude for this opportunity )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.376 Tw (to testify before the United States Congress about the human )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (rights conditions in Tibet. I feel immensely happy and empowered )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to be able to meet with representatives of the Congress. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (Human rights conditions in Tibet are not improving. On the con-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (trary, they are worsening. I say this because of what I have experi-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (enced and seen with my own eyes. To tell you briefly about my ex-)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (periences, children and youth are subjected to the same torture as )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (adults. They are suspended in the air with their hands tied behind )Tj T* 0.236 Tw (their back. Torture equipment used in the prisons include water )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (hoses, leather belts with heavy metal buckles, bamboo canes, and )Tj T* 0.228 Tw (electric prods of various sizes which they shove in the prisoners )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mouth or prod their body with. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.252 Tw (Torture tactics include starvation and lengthy solitary confine-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (ment, forcing the prisoners to engage in various manual activities. )Tj T* 0.112 Tw (Soldiers trained in martial arts would come and beat us up. These )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (tortures of all types have cost many people their lives and made )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (many others chronically ill. I had internal injuries to my organs )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (and chronic migraine headaches as a result of torture and beatings )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I suffered. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (No matter how brutal their treatment towards, us we have so far )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (remained committed to the principles of nonviolence. To give an ex-)Tj T* 0.146 Tw (ample from my own prison experience, in 1996, my fellow inmate, )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (Phuntsok Pema, and I were each put in a small, dark room with )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (no windows to freeze and starve. Due to the wall between us, we )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (would not see each other, but if we shouted loud enough, we could )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (hear each other. During our conversation, Phuntsok Pema told me )Tj T* 0.118 Tw (that she felt sorry for the prison guards. When asked why, she re-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00036)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 122 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 124 0 obj << /Length 4715 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (33)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (plied that the prison guards had to torture us in order to keep their )Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.066 Tw (job and feed their families. I found myself completely agreeing with )Tj T* 0 Tw (her. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.368 Tw (Besides, our solitary confinement gave us the opportunity to )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.282 Tw (prays in isolation without being bothered. In spite of the harsh )Tj T* 0.604 Tw (physical conditions of solitary confinement, the prayers and )Tj T* 0.268 Tw (thoughts of His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, comforted our hearts )Tj T* 0.206 Tw (greatly. If you are a political prisoner, you are not allowed to be )Tj T* 0.306 Tw (outside in the prison courtyard. Instead, you have to do prison )Tj T* 0.238 Tw (labor all day inside your cell. You are only allowed to go to the )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (bathroom four times a day. At Drapchi, there was a prison school )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (building supposedly for educational purposes, but none of us polit-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ical prisoners were allowed to have access to that building. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.206 Tw (I request you to please improve these conditions and appeal to )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.066 Tw (secure the release of Pekyi and Namdol and the rest of the political )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (prisoners. We have not committed any act of violence to deserve )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (such torture and punishment. We only tried to protect and preserve )Tj T* 0.238 Tw (our culture and religion in a nonviolent, peaceful way. However, )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (when we try to protect the Tibetan identity, even if we have no po-)Tj T* 0.082 Tw (litical motives, we are accused of plotting to sabotage the state and )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (subjected to imprisonment and torture. These cases are today in-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (creasing in eastern Tibet. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.066 Tw (During my final years in prison, there was a very slight improve-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.27 Tw (ment in the quality of our food and the way the prison doctors )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (treated us political prisoners. A small number of us have been re-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (leased early, including myself. Especially, I would like to thank you )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (for the recent release of Phuntsok Nyidrol from the bottom of my )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (heart. It was only after my release that I realized that this was due )Tj T* 0.352 Tw (to the efforts of His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, and the inter-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (national community, especially the leadership of the United States. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.138 Tw (However, we must remember that these things do not represent )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.102 Tw (a genuine improvement in the Chinese governments human rights )Tj T* 0.362 Tw (record. It is merely a ploy to counter an discredit the annual )Tj /F8 1 Tf T* 0.088 Tw (Human Rights Report )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.6888 0 TD (published by the United States Government. )Tj -10.6888 -1.02 TD 0.302 Tw (If they truly adhered to their laws and constitution, we should )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (have been released a long time ago. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.236 Tw (Unless there is strong pressure on the Chinese government, it )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.07 Tw (would never be honest in its actions. That is why the human rights )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (conditions in Tibet are still very bleak. Even if a prisoner of con-)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (science is released from prison, they are still not free. They are not )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (allowed to find employment, education, or receive medical treat-)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (ment. They do not even have freedom of movement. Many are seri-)Tj T* 0.074 Tw (ously ill, but they have a difficult time traveling to get proper med-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ical treatment. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.198 Tw (Since I live in a free country today, I want to make an appeal )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.076 Tw (to you. Please support the Tibetan political prisoners after their re-)Tj T* 0.256 Tw (lease so that they can receive proper medical treatment, have a )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (livelihood, and enjoy educational opportunities. The fact that I, as )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (a young girl, underwent torture in prison was not because my polit-)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.322 Tw (ical understanding, abilities, and experiences were greater than )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (anyone elses. It was because I could not bear to see the stark ab-)Tj T* 0.206 Tw (sence of free speech and the destruction of the religious and cul-)Tj T* 0.216 Tw (tural identity of the Tibetan people. Above all, it was because of )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00037)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 125 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 127 0 obj << /Length 6742 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (34)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.114 Tw (the constant inspiration that I drew from His Holinesss grace and )Tj 0 -0.99 TD 0 Tw (efforts. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.154 Tw (Since you are committed to the protection of human rights, and )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.234 Tw (since the human rights conditions in Tibet today are so bleak, I )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (think you can understand that a fundamental political solution to )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (the Tibet issue is the central prerequisite for the Tibetans to enjoy )Tj T* 0.284 Tw (genuine human rights. Therefore, I urgently request the United )Tj T* 0.246 Tw (States Government to take concrete actions to support His Holi-)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (ness, the Dalai Lamas, middle-way approach of seeking a nego-)Tj T* 0.238 Tw (tiated settlement with the Chinese government. Time is running )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (out for Tibet. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.236 Tw (I thank you, and I would be happy to take any questions you )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (may have. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD ([The prepared statement of Ms. Sangdrol follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 164.78 496.4 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 170.1159 496.4 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 205.1078 496.4 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 210.1478 496.4 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 262.6022 496.4 Tm (N)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 269.1221 496.4 Tm (GAWANG)Tj 8 0 0 8 302.4565 496.4 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 307.4964 496.4 Tm (ANGDROL)Tj 8 0 0 8 341.1603 496.4 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, T)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 351.3642 496.4 Tm 0 Tw (IBETAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 379.9562 496.4 Tm (N)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 386.4761 496.4 Tm [(UN)-412.5(AND)]TJ 8 0 0 8 417.004 496.4 Tm (F)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 422.34 496.4 Tm (ORMER)Tj 8 0 0 8 447.2231 496.4 Tm ( )Tj -22.4204 -0.9875 TD (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 273.1959 488.5 Tm (OLITICAL)Tj 8 0 0 8 308.0727 488.5 Tm (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 313.4086 488.5 Tm (RISONER)Tj 8 0 0 8 344.103 488.5 Tm ( )Tj -23.6379 -1.6125 TD 0.165 Tw (My name is Ngawang Sangdrol. I am 27 years old. From age 8, I was a nun in )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (Garu Nunnery in Tibet. >From age 11, I began to speak out with my fellow nuns )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (against the Chinese rule of our country. Most of my life, from age 15, I have only )Tj T* 0.2825 Tw (known what it means to live as a political prisoner inside the walls of Lhasas )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (Drapchi prison. During my 11 years in prison and even during my interrogation I )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (was subjected to torture and prolonged ill-treatment. I was released from prison on )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (good behavior parole in October 20029 years before my sentence was due to expire )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (but only days before the Chinese President was to meet with President Bush at his )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (ranch in Texas. Five months later, I was put on a plane to the United States for )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (medical treatment. People who saw me board the plane said that I did not look )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (back. Last week, almost exactly a year after I arrived at Reagan National Airport, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (I received news that my political asylum application has been approved. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1275 Tw (I would like to begin by expressing my gratitude to you and, through you, to the )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (American people for all your efforts on behalf of the Tibetan people. Thank you. It )Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (is an unimaginable honor to be invited to speak to the United States Congress. This )Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (is also a very meaningful day for the Tibetan people as March 10, 1959 was the )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (date the Tibetan people rose up against Chinese rule in our homeland. Since that )Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (time His Holiness the Dalai Lama has addressed the Tibetan people from exile an-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (nually on this date. This is the first year that I have been able to hear broadcast )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (His Holiness the Dalai Lamas March 10 address. I thank you for this gift. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.14 Tw (Since I have been in the United States, I have been often overwhelmed by kind-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1475 Tw (ness and by the solidarity that so many Americans freely express for His Holiness )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan cause. It is taking me time to adjust to this new )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (atmosphere of freedom. This is because I was brought up under an authoritarian )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (system where freedom is found only in ones heart. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.08 Tw (I sit before you today, proof that when the United States insists on human rights, )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.22 Tw (even powerful countries can be moved. From my own small experience I can say )Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (that the guards in Drapchi prison knew of the international attention given my case )Tj T* 0.2475 Tw (and that their attitude towards me changed. At least they were more careful in )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (their dealings with me. I was obviously released many years before my scheduled )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (date because of pressure from the international community. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0775 Tw (I have learned that Phuntsog Nyidrol, a fellow nun with whom I served in prison, )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (was just released on February 26, 2004, also as a result of consistent pressure on )Tj T* 0.205 Tw (the Chinese government by the United States and other free countries. I hope to )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (be able to see her soon, both of us meeting as free human beings for the first time. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (My colleagues at the International Campaign for Tibet have read to me the State )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (Departments country report on human rights in Tibet. When I hear read the de-)Tj T* 0.105 Tw (scriptions of the injustices suffered by my fellow Tibetans, I am filled with a strong )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (desire to try to do something to help. I hope that by sharing my experiences with )Tj T* 0.065 Tw (you, their presence may also be felt here today. This is my story and, in many ways, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (it is their story, too. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1625 Tw (I was first detained in 1990 for participating in a small demonstration at a cul-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1925 Tw (tural festival in front of the Norbu Lingka palace in Lhasa. At the time, I was a )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (12 year old nun. We prayed for the long life of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (called for freedom in Tibet. For this measure of free expression, I was detained for )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (nine months in Gutsa detention center without charges. Upon my release I was for-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (bidden from going back to my nunnery. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00038)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 128 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 130 0 obj << /Length 6812 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (35)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.12 Tw (In 1992, I was again arrested for participating in a pro-independence demonstra-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0575 Tw (tion in Lhasa, along with other Garu nuns, and some monks from Gaden monastery. )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (I was sentenced to three years imprisonment for incitement to subversive and sepa-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ratist activities at Drapchi prison. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.0625 Tw (I received a six-year sentence extension in 1993, for tape recording songs in praise )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.145 Tw (of His Holiness the Dalai Lama and freedom in Tibet. We were 14 nuns who sang )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (together. This tape was smuggled out of Drapchi to give courage to our fellow Tibet-)Tj T* 0.185 Tw (ans. In fact, it was eventually distributed not just in Tibet but around the world. )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (In 1995, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detentions ruled that my )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (continued detention was arbitrary because I had been punished for exercising my )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (right to freedom of opinion. The Working Group asked China to remedy the situa-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (tion and abide by the provisions enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Rights. Instead, they extended my sentence. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.075 Tw (In 1996, my prison term was extended for another eight years after I was accused )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1175 Tw (of demonstrating inside prison. In 1998 my sentence was extended a third time, by )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (another six years, after some of us were accused of being involved in a protest dem-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (onstrations. This brought my total sentence to 21 years. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.16 Tw (Right from the first time I was detained, Chinese officials used different torture )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1175 Tw (instruments on me to break my spirit. I was subjected to both physical and mental )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (torture to make me denounce His Holiness the Dalai Lama and the aspirations of )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (my people. My fellow political prisoners and I were subjected to electric shocks from )Tj T* 0.2875 Tw (different types of electric batons and prods on sensitive body parts such as my )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (mouth, underarms and palms of hands. We were beaten with pipes, canes and sticks )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (of different sizes, thick leather belts with heavy metal buckles, and by the hands )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (and feet of prison guards who were trained in martial arts. Other nuns and I were )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (hung in the air with our arms tied behind our back for extended periods of time, )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (and we were frequently made to stand in the direct sun or freezing cold for extended )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (periods of time, and if we collapsed from the heat or exhaustion, we were beaten. )Tj T* 0.3 Tw (We were made to race each other in competitions for the entertainment of the )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (guards, during which they threw rocks at us and hit us if we ran too slow or got )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (the words wrong to the Chinese songs we were forced to sing. I spent weeks in soli-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (tary confinement for refusing to accept the lies and punishments of my captors. This )Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (torture and mistreatment started while I was just a child of 13 and continued )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (through most of my life in prison. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.08 Tw (During my imprisonment in 1992, I witnessed all my fellow Tibetan political pris-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.195 Tw (oners being tortured as well. In 1996 when Phuntsok Pema and I were placed in )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (a small cell, we learnt that prisoners in Unit Five, including Ngawang Phulchung, )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (were tortured solely because they appealed to higher officials after the death of one )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (prisoner who died as a result of torture. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.17 Tw (Although the Chinese claim that Tibetans have religious freedom, the State De-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.12 Tw (partment report documents that this is not true. This is not true. At any time, you )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (are liable to be persecuted for practicing religion and for having faith in your spir-)Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (itual teacher, and we are unable to honor our leader, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (with prayers for his long life or by making certain religious practices that he encour-)Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (ages. I was very sad to see in the State Department report that in Kham, in eastern )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (Tibet, the authorities have cracked down on centers of Tibetan culture and religion )Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (that had been able somehow to escape the strict measures in place in most of Tibet. )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (As the authorities continue to use all the means at their disposal to attack Tibetan )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Buddhism, our precious and unique culture is at growing risk every day. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.205 Tw (You would not be surprised to learn that the situation is worse in the prisons, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (where there are no rights at all. There have been cases of people who have been )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (persecuted solely for reciting prayers, as it is not permitted for prisoners to practice )Tj T* 0.275 Tw (religion. At one time, while in Drapchi prison, five nuns of Shugseb Nunnery)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (Palden Choedak, Jigme Yangchen, Woeser Choekyi, Yangzom, and Chime Dekyi)Tj T* 0.235 Tw (were reciting the Mani prayer on home-made prayer beads made of flour dough. )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (Upon seeing this, prison officials immediately beat these nuns, made them run in )Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (the courtyard, threw stones at them to make them run faster and, to complete the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (humiliation, they made the nuns eat the prayer beads. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.225 Tw (Even though they tried to deny us the ability to practice our religion, Drapchi )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (Prison became our nunnery and the prison guards were our gurus. The Buddha )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (taught that an enemy is the best teacher, because only when someone is cruel to )Tj T* 0.295 Tw (you can you truly be tested on your practice of compassion toward all sentient )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (beings. My fellow nuns and I would sing about our joy in having such an oppor-)Tj T* 0.175 Tw (tunity to develop compassion as we were being tortured and mistreated in prison. )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (No matter our sufferings, our spirits were far from broken. We never lost faith in )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (the leadership of His Holiness the Dalai Lama or the strength of our religious com-)Tj T* 0 Tw (mitment. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00039)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 131 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 133 0 obj << /Length 6049 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (36)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.1675 Tw (I am deeply moved by the interest that the international community has shown )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (in my case, as I am an ordinary person. I am simply a Tsampa-eating Tibetan but )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (my small actions were inspired by the terrible actions of the Chinese. I did what )Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (anyone whose community is deprived of its dignity and respect would do. In our )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (hearts, no Tibetan can stand the denunciation of our peerless leader, His Holiness )Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (the Dalai Lama, or accept the denial of our fundamental rights. However, the polit-)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (ical situation in Tibet and the suppressive rule there are not permitting the Tibetan )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (people to come out with their true feelings. There is fire inside our bodies, but we )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (dare not let the smoke out. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (As I said before, it is very clear to me that I was released and given freedom be-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.245 Tw (cause of international concern. Even as I learn to enjoy this freedom, I am con-)Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (cerned about the many more Tibetan political prisoners in Chinese jails. I appeal )Tj T* 0.2175 Tw (to you good people to help give them freedom. I want to especially call attention )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (to two women with whom I was jailed in Drapchi prison, Pekyi and Namdol; I am )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (gravely concerned about their health and urge you to assist in gaining their early )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (release from prison. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.4725 Tw (I also am gravely concerned about the fate of former prisoners, including )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (Phuntsok Nyidrol, who face a difficult life after their release from prison. After my )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (release, even though I was free from prison, I was cut off from Tibetan society. As )Tj T* 0.2175 Tw (a former political prisoner, I was not allowed by law to return to my nunnery; I )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (could not find any other job. A former political prisoner cannot even get a job as )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (a street sweeper. Without the support of my family, I would have had no place to )Tj T* 0.2625 Tw (live, no food and no medical treatment. Almost all released prisoners face these )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (same problems and many are living in the shadows, with no support. Many must )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (go begging. Many risk their lives fleeing Tibet for hope of any future. These people )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (who have sacrificed so much for freedom are paying the dearest price. I appeal to )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (you for some attention to their cases. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (When I came into exile in the United States, my foremost desire was to set my )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0575 Tw (eyes on His Holiness the Dalai Lama. I cannot describe the joy I felt to see His Holi-)Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (ness in good health and to receive his blessing. I pray every day that His Holiness )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (the Dalai Lamas efforts towards the resolution of the Tibetan problem will bear re-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (sults. I will abide by any advice His Holiness may have so that I can best contribute )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (towards the fulfillment of his wishes for a solution to the just cause of Tibet. The )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (Tibetan people in Tibet are eagerly waiting for the day when they can see the re-)Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (turn of their beloved leader to their homeland, with dignity, freedom and respect. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.075 Tw (As a Tibetan, I am most grateful to the United States for supporting His Holiness )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (the Dalai Lamas efforts to find a negotiated solution to the Tibetan issue. I would )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (like to urge you to continue to do so It is only His Holiness the Dalai Lama who )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (has the trust and loyalty of the Tibetan people, and he is our only hope for freedom )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in Tibet. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (I thank you for this opportunity of submitting this testimony to the United States )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (Congress. I hope my words have made a difference.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 301.0002 Tm 0.184 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5796 301.0002 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 207.3873 301.0002 Tm 0.184 Tw (. Thank you very much for your very troubling testi-)Tj -6.0387 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (mony that you have provided us, and I would just remind all of us )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (that despite a robust trading relationship with the Peoples Repub-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (lic of China, we continue to see a deterioration on a multitude of )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (fronts, and that is, probably with a great deal of emphasis and ex-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (clamation points, with regard to the Tibetans, the monks as well )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (as the nuns. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (Just several years ago, we had sitting where you are sitting Paul )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (Dungiatsu, who told us and actually brought in some of the imple-)Tj T* 0.302 Tw (ments that were used against him and his fellow Tibetan pris-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (oners,cattle prods and terrible implements of tortureand I can )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (tell you, it was a very moving experience then, and it continues to )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (be, to hear these very sad and disturbing tales from a country that )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (aspires to increase its influence on the world stage. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. Pitts? )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (Mr. P)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1296 151.0001 Tm 0 Tw (ITTS)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.0973 151.0001 Tm 0.102 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I have a question for each )Tj -5.6097 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (of our witnesses. )Tj 1 -1 TD (First, Ms. Sangdrol, were individuals serving prison sentences for )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (nonpolitical reasons, were they treated differently than those who )Tj T* 0.282 Tw (were political prisoners? And when you were in prison, did you )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00040)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 134 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 136 0 obj << /Length 4816 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (37)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.164 Tw (know that international focus was on you, that efforts were being )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (made to secure your release? Did you ever speak or see any inter-)Tj T* 0.298 Tw (national visitors or were aware of any international delegations )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (who may have toured the prison? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (And then I will go to Mr. Shumba. What types of human rights )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (abuses taking place in Zimbabwe are you documenting in South Af-)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (rica, and how do you collect this information? If you could respond )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to that. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (And then for Irina, the 2003 report on Belarus mentions surveil-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (lance of opponents of the President by the presidential guard and )Tj T* 0.306 Tw (the security service. Were you or your husband, before his dis-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (appearance, aware of any governmental attempts to monitor your )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (activities or intercept any of your correspondence? If yes, are you )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (still aware of any types or forms of government surveillance? )Tj 1 -1 TD (Who would like to begin? Mr. Shumba? )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0996 490.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HUMBA)Tj 10 0 0 10 216.3871 490.9999 Tm 0.136 Tw (. Mr. Chair, is it possible, with your permission, for )Tj -6.9387 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (me to begin? )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 471 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.0673 471 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes. )Tj -4.9067 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.8996 460.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HUMBA)Tj 10 0 0 10 217.1871 460.9999 Tm 0.216 Tw (. Thank you, Honorable Member. I would just like )Tj -7.0187 -1 TD 0.128 Tw (to say that in Zimbabwe we have seen quite a deterioration of the )Tj T* 0.37 Tw (human rights situation, and, in particular, only last February, )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (50,000 youth militia supporting the ruling party were unleashed on )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (the populace. This had led to an increase in the rate of women sup-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (posed to be sympathetic to the Movement for Democratic Change )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (or sympathetic in general to anybody who is a Movement for Demo-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (cratic Change party member. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.244 Tw (These are the kinds of atrocities that we are recording as Ac-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (countability Commission-Zimbabwe. We have also seen other kinds )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (of threat that are generally consistent with the breakdown of the )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (rule of law in general, in particular, indecent assault on men sup-)Tj T* 0.206 Tw (posedly sympathetic to the Movement for Democratic Change, all )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (of those that are active in human rights defense. We have also seen )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and recorded quite a lot of torture incidents. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (In general, I might just wind up by saying, we record basically )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (gross human rights violations. We have seen disappearances, par-)Tj T* 0.33 Tw (ticularly in Nabanyama, for example. We have seen death and )Tj T* 0.304 Tw (mayhem, for example,Tonderai Machiridza, and a lot of other )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (people who have died. In fact, the Zimbabwe Human Rights Forum )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (has recorded that we have had more than 400 deaths since 2000, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and most of these, we record. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.062 Tw (How do we collect the information? We directly interview individ-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.236 Tw (uals. We have representatives in Zimbabwe. Of course, it is just )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (unfortunate that I had to flee to South Africa, but even in South )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (Africa, we have more than three million Zimbabweans. We have )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (fled torture and rape in Zimbabwe. So we go as individuals and )Tj T* 0.272 Tw (also sometimes advertise in newspapers, when resources permit, )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (for the victims to come to us so that we can take down their state-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ments. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (So, basically, Mr. Chair and the Honorable Member, that is how )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (we do it. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. P)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 140.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ITTS)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5973 140.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you. )Tj -4.5597 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (Ms. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2296 130.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ANGDROL)Tj 10 0 0 10 232.3889 130.9999 Tm 0.23 Tw ([through translator]. Yes. Nonpolitical prisoners )Tj -8.5389 -1 TD 0.318 Tw (are treated differently from political prisoners. They have more )Tj T* 0.306 Tw (freedom. They have access to education. They can even go out. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00041)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 137 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 140 0 obj << /Length 5250 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (38)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.114 Tw (Even the tasks that they give us, if they dont do it, they dont get )Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.226 Tw (reprimanded, whereas we would, and there also would be people )Tj T* 0.068 Tw (who would be monitoring us, whereas those people, the nonpolitical )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (prisoners, are not watched that often. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.17 Tw (To answer the question, if I knew about the international pres-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.14 Tw (sure put in my case, while I was in prison, I did not know. I only )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (knew about it after I was released. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. P)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 569.6 Tm 0 Tw (ITTS)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5973 569.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you. Irina? )Tj -4.5597 -1.02 TD 0.154 Tw (Ms. K)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.9496 559.4 Tm 0 Tw (RASOVSKAYA)Tj 10 0 0 10 242.9887 559.4 Tm 0.154 Tw (. You know, my country is a dictatorship, and )Tj -9.5989 -1.02 TD 0.134 Tw (so all opposition in my country is under the control of secret serv-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (ices, and it was also when my husband and his friend disappeared )Tj T* 0.548 Tw (because it was before the presidential election, 2000. Victor )Tj T* 0.198 Tw (Gonchar was the leader of the opposition, and he could be Presi-)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (dent if an election, a real election. And I saw myself how the secret )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (services followed Victor Gonchar, and it was absolutely clear that )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (it was, but the question is, why an investigation could not clear up )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (the truth about the disappearances if they followed all opposition )Tj T* 0 Tw (leaders? )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.16 Tw (And the second part of the question is about me and the safety )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.21 Tw (in my country. It is impossible to be safe in my country because )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (the authority in my country has passed the moral borders, and ev-)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (erything can happen in my country, unfortunately. I am just an or-)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (dinary woman, and I am afraid of this situation. But as Pop said, )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (Be not afraid. And I also feel the pressure from the authority for )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (myself because I think that it is very dangerous for our authority )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (to have this investigation because if it would be a real investiga-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tion, it could change the authority in my country. Thank you. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. P)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 365.6 Tm 0 Tw (ITTS)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5973 365.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much. )Tj -4.5597 -1.02 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 355.4 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.0673 355.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Ms. McCollum. )Tj -4.9067 -1.02 TD 0.268 Tw (Ms. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.7495 345.2 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 10 0 0 10 194.5255 345.2 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 201.7454 345.2 Tm (OLLUM)Tj 10 0 0 10 232.7129 345.2 Tm 0.268 Tw (. I just want to thank everyone for your testi-)Tj -8.5713 -1.02 TD 0.13 Tw (mony. It is very difficult to give, I know, but it helps me, in going )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (back home and retelling your story, why it is so important that the )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (United States stand forI cannot even think of the words, I was )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (so moved by your testimony. It is so important that we share this )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (story with our citizens, not only so they appreciate their freedom, )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (but they realize that we are not free until everyone is free because )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (you have really, really brought forward issues that need to be ad-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (dressed in the open, in the public, by everyone. Thank you. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 253.4 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.0673 253.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Mr. Rohrabacher. )Tj -4.9067 -1.02 TD 0.232 Tw (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.9796 243.2 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 245.9627 243.2 Tm 0.232 Tw (. Thank you very much, and I know time is )Tj -9.8963 -1.02 TD 0.148 Tw (growing very slim here because we have got to go over for a vote. )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (Let me just note, while my colleague from Minnesota is still here, )Tj T* 0.146 Tw (in terms of a statement made earlier about the Vietnam War, the )Tj T* 0.212 Tw (war in Indochina, being over, and thus, we should move forward )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (with normalization, I dont think that the victims of torture and of )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (tyranny believe that simply by normalizing relations, that means )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (we are going to have better treatment and more democracy. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.08 Tw (In fact, we have had more and more relations with Laos over the )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.118 Tw (years, just like we had with China, except we officially normalized )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.064 Tw (relations with China. There has been not one bit of reform that has )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (gone in China because we have normalized relations, and in Laos )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (there has been absolutely no liberalization whatsoever and democ-)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (ratization in Laos, to the point that Amnesty International isnt )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00042)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 141 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 143 0 obj << /Length 5789 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (39)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.376 Tw (even permitted in that country to check on the human rights )Tj 0 -1 TD 0 Tw (abuses. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (So to underscore that position, what I would like to ask our wit-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (nesses is, do they believe that if the United States would treat eco-)Tj T* 0.296 Tw (nomically their countries with normal trade relations, as we do )Tj T* 0.316 Tw (with democratic countries, would that make the leader of their )Tj T* 0.234 Tw (country more or less likely to continue the human rights abuses )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (that we have heard today? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (Ms. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.6495 561 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 10 0 0 10 193.4254 561 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 200.6454 561 Tm (OLLUM)Tj 10 0 0 10 231.6129 561 Tm 0.158 Tw (. If the gentleman would yield just for a second, )Tj -8.4613 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (and I will only be a second. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1796 541 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 244.1627 541 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Sure. )Tj -8.7163 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (Ms. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.0695 530.9999 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 10 0 0 10 193.8455 530.9999 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 201.0654 530.9999 Tm (OLLUM)Tj 10 0 0 10 232.0329 530.9999 Tm 0.2 Tw (. I represent people who lived in refugee camps )Tj -8.5033 -1 TD 0.482 Tw (who were victims of torture, who are working and traveling )Tj T* 0 Tw (back)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1796 500.9999 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 244.1627 500.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Well, you are not the only one. )Tj -8.7163 -1 TD (Ms. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.5895 490.9999 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 10 0 0 10 192.3655 490.9999 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 199.5854 490.9999 Tm (OLLUM)Tj 10 0 0 10 230.5529 490.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. If you would let me finish. )Tj -7.3553 -1 TD (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1796 480.9999 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 244.1627 480.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No, I wont. I reclaim my time. )Tj -8.7163 -1 TD (Ms. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.5895 471 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 10 0 0 10 192.3655 471 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 199.5854 471 Tm (OLLUM)Tj 10 0 0 10 230.5529 471 Tm 0.052 Tw (. But you are making it appear)Tj -7.3553 -1 TD (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1796 460.9999 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 244.1627 460.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Madam, I am reclaiming my time. )Tj -8.7163 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 450.9999 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.0673 450.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Regular order. Regular order. )Tj -4.9067 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.8196 441 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 245.8027 441 Tm 0.216 Tw (. The fact is, we all have represented people )Tj -9.8803 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (like that, and we have come to different conclusions. One conclu-)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (sion is make friends with the dictator and the torturer, and it will )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (get better. Other say, oppose the dictatorship and the torture, and )Tj T* 0.252 Tw (things will get better. We have got some witnesses here. Maybe )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (they would like to answer that question. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.092 Tw (The lady from Tibet and then on down or from Belarus on down, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (either one. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Ms. K)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.9296 360.9999 Tm 0 Tw (RASOVSKAYA)Tj 10 0 0 10 241.9687 360.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you. Thank you for the question. )Tj -8.4969 -1 TD 0.298 Tw (I am not sure that the situation will be better if the United )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (States makes some economical changes between our countries be-)Tj T* 0.23 Tw (cause it is a very specific country. I see only two possibilities to )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (change the situation in my country. The first is connected with the )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (disappearance of my husband and myto know the truth. The first )Tj T* 0.312 Tw (possibility is to change the regime because if this regime is in )Tj T* 0.278 Tw (power, we will never know the truth because it is proving that )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (higher ranking officers are involved in this situation. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (That is the first, and the second; I think that if the United States )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (and the European countries will help us to investigate these cases )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of disappearances, it will change also regime and then)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (Mr. R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4396 240.9999 Tm 0 Tw (OHRABACHER)Tj 10 0 0 10 244.4227 240.9999 Tm 0.078 Tw (. Yes, maam. The question mainly is about ec-)Tj -9.7423 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (onomics, whether or not we would start treating, our friend from )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (Zimbabwe,I dont know how to pronounce your name correctly)Tj T* 0.192 Tw (I am sorry, but if we would treat the leader of your country eco-)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (nomically just as if he was a democratic leader, would that make )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (him more likely to reform his country and to quit the tortures that )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (we heard about? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2196 171 Tm 0 Tw (HUMBA)Tj 10 0 0 10 216.5071 171 Tm 0.148 Tw (. Mr. Chair, I think, in Zimbabwe, we have already )Tj -6.9507 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (seen the results of targeted sanctions that were extended against )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (President Robert Mugabes regime. In fact, I would say unequivo-)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (cally that these sanctions, targeted as they are, have worked. Actu-)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (ally, diplomatically, Mugabe has felt their blow. It wouldnt make )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (any sense, for example, towith a dictator and then claim that it )Tj T* 0.254 Tw (would be possible to normalize the situation eventually. I would )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00043)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 144 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 146 0 obj << /Length 4664 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (40)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.06 Tw (support strongly any efforts that would give support to civil society, )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (not dealing directly and economically with an evil regime that tor-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tures and spills blood. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.178 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5196 611 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 207.3273 611 Tm 0.178 Tw (. Time has expired. Let me thank all of you for your )Tj -6.0327 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (very moving and courageous political work and the fact that you )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (have all taken the time to come here today to testify before Con-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (gress. I chair the Africa Subcommittee, and so I had a question, in )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (particular, for Mr. Shumba I wanted to ask him. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (I want all of you to know that there are many Members of Con-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (gress that are very concerned about the human rights situation in )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (Tibet and Zimbabwe, in Belarus, all over the world, but I wanted )Tj T* (to say to Mr. Shumba, we had a particularly impassioned presen-)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (tation at the International Convention on Torture here last year, )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (and the subject, the primary focus, was Zimbabwe, and we heard )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from witnesses. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (I guess one of the gravest circumstances is the rape which is oc-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.486 Tw (curring across Zimbabwe. Most women are not supporters of )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (ZANUPF. They dont have party identification cards, and so they )Tj T* 0.142 Tw (are often subject to rape by men who frequently are HIV positive. )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (So for many of these victims, it ends up, in the long term, becoming )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (a death sentence. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (I think, on the subject of human rights, we need to all speak out, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (and I really commend all of you for having the courage to come for-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ward today to tell your individual stories. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (I wanted to just focus on one thing I think we can do, and that )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (is in terms of going after the assets of those people that are in-)Tj T* 0.166 Tw (volved in looting their governments, and I want to talk about the )Tj T* 0.472 Tw (Zimbabwe Democracy Act because that is something that we )Tj T* 0.414 Tw (passed here, and these sanctions have been placed on Robert )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (Mugabe and by other generals who are involved in human rights )Tj T* 0 Tw (abuses. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.368 Tw (The Administration is now moving to freeze assets on those )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (ZANUPF leaders, and those are the same people that are bleeding )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (the economy dry through, in most cases, corrupt business deals. )Tj T* 0.286 Tw (What other steps would you recommend that the United States )Tj T* 0.128 Tw (take to promote freedom in Zimbabwe, Mr. Shumba, if I could ask )Tj T* 0 Tw (you? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.8996 270.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HUMBA)Tj 10 0 0 10 217.1871 270.9999 Tm 0.216 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chair. I have already mentioned )Tj -7.0187 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (that it would be tremendously helpful if we could see increased )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (support toward civil society initiatives, in particular, those that are )Tj T* 0.266 Tw (involved in fighting torture, recording information regarding vic-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (tims so that wherever or whenever the situation makes it possible, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (we can then prosecute the perpetrators. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (I might also mention that we have seen quite a lot of people in )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.348 Tw (the diaspora that have supported the Zimbabweans in exile in )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (South Africa; three million of us are in the U.K., and even here, )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (to a lesser extent. I would want to appeal to you strongly, if it is )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (possible, to increase the pressure onleaders in South Africa, in )Tj T* 0.236 Tw (particular. Uztansi has not been very, very encouraging vis-a-vis )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the situation in Zimbabwe. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (Recently, President Bush managed to come to South Africa and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.31 Tw (engage in dialogue with President Twanbeke. The result of the )Tj T* 0.29 Tw (meeting, according to our understanding, was that South Africa )Tj T* 0.078 Tw (would take the initiative in trying to seek a resolution of the crisis. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00044)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 147 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 149 0 obj << /Length 4779 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (41)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.298 Tw (In fact, the foreign affairs minister is on record as saying that )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.682 Tw (South Africa will never condemn human rights abuses in )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Zimbabwe. That makes)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3196 611 Tm 0 Tw (MITH)Tj 10 0 0 10 207.1273 611 Tm 0.158 Tw (. I hear you. I hear you. Unfortunately, Mr. Shumba, )Tj -6.0127 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (I have got to run to this vote. We are going to recess temporarily, )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (come back for the next panel. Again, I thank you all for your testi-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mony here today. )Tj 1 -1 TD ([Whereupon, at 3:39 p.m., a recess was taken.] )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5496 561 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 230.841 561 Tm 0.144 Tw ([presiding]. So now I would like to call our third )Tj -8.3841 -1 TD 0.308 Tw (panel. I would like to welcome Mr. Thomas Malinowski, Wash-)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (ington Advocacy Director for Human Rights Watch. Prior to joining )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (Human Rights Watch, Mr. Malinowski served as Special Assistant )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (to the President and as Senior Director for Foreign Policy Speech-)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (writing at the National Security Council during the Clinton Admin-)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (istration. From 1994 to 1998, he was a speechwriter for Secretaries )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (of State Christopher and Albright and a member of the State De-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (partment policy-planning staff. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (Mr. Malinowski appears frequently as a radio, television, and op-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (ed commentator on human rights policy worldwide, and, of course, )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (we know he must be an incredibly competent fellow to be able to )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (accomplish that with that last name being pronounced as poorly as )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I am afraid I have. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (Next, we have Ms. Jennifer Windsor, Executive Director of Free-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (dom House. Freedom House is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organiza-)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (tion that works to advance the worldwide expansion of political and )Tj T* 0.42 Tw (economic freedom through international programs and publica-)Tj T* 0.37 Tw (tions. Prior to her position with Freedom House, Ms. Windsor )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (served for over 9 years with the U.S. Agency for International De-)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (velopment, most recently holding the position of Deputy Assistant )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (Administrator and Director of the Center for Democracy and Gov-)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (ernance in the Global Bureau. Ms. Windsor is also an Adjunct Pro-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (fessor at Georgetown University. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (We look forward to the witnesses testimony. Why dont we start )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (out with Mr. Malinowski? )Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 151.18 294.8 Tm 0.0422 Tw (STATEMENT OF TOM MALINOWSKI, WASHINGTON ADVOCACY )Tj 7.2044 -1.0889 TD (DIRECTOR, HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 271 Tm 0.18 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.6795 271 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 237.1588 271 Tm 0.18 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you for in-)Tj -9.0159 -1 TD 0.184 Tw (viting me, and I also want to thank the Committee for giving all )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (of us a chance to hear from the human rights defenders on the sec-)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (ond panel, who really reminded us that this fight for human rights )Tj T* 0.078 Tw (is not an abstraction; it is a life-and-death struggle for so many de-)Tj T* 0.112 Tw (cent people around the world, and the whole reason why the State )Tj T* 0 Tw (Department )Tj /F8 1 Tf 6.1119 0 TD 0.204 Tw (Human Rights Report )Tj /F1 1 Tf 11.0368 0 TD (is important. It is just a book )Tj -17.1488 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (with words in it, but it is important because it shines a light on )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (their struggles because the dictators in their countries want us all )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (to believe that these people dont even exist, and if they do exist, )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (they are just a bunch of liars. And by telling the truth, as the State )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Department does in this report and, hopefully, throughout the year, )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (it is pushing back, in a very, very useful way, against that terrible )Tj T* 0 Tw (propaganda. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (The reports, obviously, are also very important because, at their )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (best, they help to keep our own government a bit more honest in )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (the way that it deals with abusive governments around the world, )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00045)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 150 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 152 0 obj << /Length 4672 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (42)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.09 Tw (and that, of course, is the real test of the State Departments prod-)Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.112 Tw (uct. How is the Administration using the findings of these reports, )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (not just the day they are published but the other 364 days of the )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (year? Does it take these findings seriously in its relationships and )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (its diplomacy around the world? And that is what I want to focus )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (on today with a few examples. Obviously, I am not able to mention )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the vast majority of what we would like to discuss. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.132 Tw (Chairman Hyde mentioned the U.N. Human Rights Commission )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.306 Tw (meeting in Geneva, which is an obvious opportunity coming up )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (very shortly to press some of these concerns. I was very happy to )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (hear Assistant Secretary Craner today essentially commit, almost )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (commit, the Administration to push for a resolution on China. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.1 Tw (There is a lot of diplomacy underway right now. It is kind of the )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.182 Tw (usual hostage diplomacy with China, where they release a couple )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (of people to satisfy their external critics, even as they continue to )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (arrest dozens of people to maintain internal control, and that is a )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (game that we need to see through and not allow them to play, and )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (it is very important that the Administration follow through, spon-)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (sor a resolution, and do it early enough to get votes and to actually )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (win this time. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.15 Tw (Mr. Lantos mentioned Chechnya, the importance of a resolution )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.164 Tw (dealing with Russias human rights violations there, and also set-)Tj T* 0.108 Tw (backs to democracy in Russia, which are very grave. That is some-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (thing else that the Administration, I think, is inching towards, but )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (we need to encourage them to work with their European allies to )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (have a strong resolution on Chechnya. If we are silent about that, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (it sends a terrible message to the Russians. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Many other examples in our bilateral relationships. Congressman )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.178 Tw (Schiff mentioned a very important issue of countries that are im-)Tj T* 0.142 Tw (portant partners of the United States in the war on terrorism; we )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (have strategic interests but also human rights concerns. How do we )Tj T* (balance those? He mentioned Pakistan, a critical test case. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.192 Tw (Uzbekistan is another one. And there is a very important deci-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.064 Tw (sion that the State Department has to make within the next month )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (on Uzbekistan: To certify or not to certify Uzbekistans progress on )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (human rights. If they fail to certify, Uzbekistan loses its military )Tj T* 0.336 Tw (aid, so it is a very important decision, and, of course, we feel )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (strongly that it needs to be made very honestly, with consequences )Tj T* 0.248 Tw (for that country if it does not improve its horrific human rights )Tj T* 0 Tw (record. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.372 Tw (Many other places I could mention: Sudan, of course; Cuba, )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.352 Tw (Burma, which I know are of great concern to this Committee. )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (Maybe we can get to some of them in the questions and answers. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.142 Tw (But the one area that I want to focus on the most is this whole )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.144 Tw (question of promoting human rights and democracy in the greater )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (Middle East, which a number of Members also referred to. It is an )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (extremely ambitious challenge, it is vitally important, and I think )Tj T* 0.278 Tw (President Bush and the Administration deserve enormous credit )Tj T* 0.37 Tw (for, in effect, breaking the Middle East exception to American )Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.232 Tw (human rights promotion around the world. We didnt used to do )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (this. Now we are beginning to do it, and it is vitally important be-)Tj T* 0.218 Tw (cause you cant ultimately win a war on terrorism if you have a )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (whole region of the world where hundreds of millions of people are )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00046)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 153 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 155 0 obj << /Length 4734 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (43)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.062 Tw (denied peaceful avenues for expressing themselves. When that hap-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (pens, they are naturally drawn to the violent alternatives. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (And it is also, I think, correct for the Administration to draw an )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.348 Tw (analogy between this challenge and the Cold War challenge of )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (bringing change to the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (But there is a very, very important difference that I think we need )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (to consider as we move forward, and that is that if you think about )Tj T* 0.244 Tw (the way America was perceived in Poland, in Russia, Lithuania, )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (and Hungary during the Cold War, America was seen as a credible )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (champion of peoples democratic aspirations, as a friend, as a part-)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (ner to people who were struggling in the trenches, and that is not )Tj T* 0.134 Tw (true today in the Middle East, unfortunately, for a whole range of )Tj T* 0.318 Tw (very complex reasons, some of them not very rational, some of )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (them rational, but all of which add up to a fundamental problem )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (for the United States as we seek to promote human rights and de-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mocracy there. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (Now, how do we overcome that problem? One way to do it is to )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (be consistent and clear in our dealings with the repressive govern-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (ments of that region, which we are just starting to begin to do but )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (havent done nearly enough. Assistant Secretary Craner mentioned )Tj T* 0.246 Tw (Tunisia. The President of Tunisia was in town a few weeks ago )Tj T* 0.264 Tw (and, indeed, received a very good, clear message from Secretary )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (Powell and from the President on the need for reform in that coun-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (try. But Tunisia is easy; it is a small country. )Tj 1 -1 TD (In about a month, the President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, is also )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (coming to town to see President Bush. The real test of this policy )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (is going to be whether the Administration is willing to press these )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (human rights and democracy issues with the most important, most )Tj T* 0.262 Tw (populous country in the Arab world, Egypt, which receives hun-)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (dreds of millions of dollars in aid and is an important partner of )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (the United States in a range of areas. And I hope that we can work )Tj T* (with all of you to urge the Bush Administration to deliver the same )Tj T* 0.088 Tw (kind of principled message to Mr. Mubarak that it delivered to Mr. )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (Ben Ali of Tunisia when he was here. I think that is really an im-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (portant test. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (I think a final issue, and this is a difficult one, as we approach )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.202 Tw (this challenge in the region, is the need for the United States to )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (set an absolutely pristine example itself in the way that we fight )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (terrorism. We need to fight terrorism in a way that supports and )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (upholds the legal and moral norms of human rights. That is really )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (the most important contribution America has made over the years, )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (setting an example for the world, being a beacon. And, again, un-)Tj T* 0.224 Tw (fortunately, in this region, that example has eroded, to some ex-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (tent, because of these problems like Guantanamo and the detention )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of enemy combatants indefinitely without charge. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (Again, these are extraordinarily complex and difficult issues, and )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.206 Tw (the question is not one of moral equivalency; the question is one )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (of legal precedent. For years, and in these )Tj /F8 1 Tf 20.6687 0 TD (Human Rights Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.8548 0 TD 0 Tw (, )Tj -31.5235 -1 TD 0.184 Tw (even today, we have said to governments in the region, you cant )Tj T* 0.128 Tw (simply take people, arrest them, hold them forever in prison with-)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (out trial, without charge, and yet we are in a situation right now )Tj T* 0.114 Tw (where the Administration is, in effect, arguing before the Supreme )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (Court that the U.S. Government has the authority to do that in the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (war on terrorism. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00047)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 156 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 158 0 obj << /Length 6686 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (44)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.096 Tw (We may not be using that authority against good people, against )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.122 Tw (political dissidents, in the way that leaders in the Middle East do, )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (but that distinction is a very hard one to debate, when we go there, )Tj T* 0.262 Tw (when human rights groups go to Egypt or Saudi Arabia, or the )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (State Department goes to those regions and defends the rights of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (innocent dissidents who are victimized by those governments. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.204 Tw (So as we consider these questions, Mr. Chairman, I think it is )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.236 Tw (profoundly important, whatever we think about President Bushs )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (policies on those issues, to understand that they are being watched )Tj T* 0.266 Tw (throughout the world, and the decisions that we make on these )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (fundamental, domestic issues of civil liberties are very, very impor-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tant in terms of our ability to promote human rights overseas. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.338 Tw (Moral clarity, which is provided by these reports and in the )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.198 Tw (Presidents eloquent speeches, is absolutely vital. Moral authority )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (is just as important, and we need to maintain the moral authority )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (that the United States has long enjoyed throughout the world as )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (a champion of human rights and liberty. Thank you. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD ([The prepared statement of Mr. Malinowski follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 155.64 456.8 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 160.9759 456.8 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 195.9679 456.8 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 201.0078 456.8 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 253.4621 456.8 Tm (T)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 258.7981 456.8 Tm (OM)Tj 8 0 0 8 272.4589 456.8 Tm (M)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 280.0107 456.8 Tm (ALINOWSKI)Tj 8 0 0 8 319.5947 456.8 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, W)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 332.3105 456.8 Tm 0 Tw (ASHINGTON)Tj 8 0 0 8 376.1985 456.8 Tm (A)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 381.9744 456.8 Tm (DVOCACY)Tj 8 0 0 8 417.5616 456.8 Tm (D)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 423.7855 456.8 Tm (IRECTOR)Tj 8 0 0 8 454.1215 456.8 Tm (, )Tj -23.9352 -0.9875 TD (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 269.3039 448.9 Tm (UMAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 293.0383 448.9 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 298.8142 448.9 Tm (IGHTS)Tj 8 0 0 8 322.6702 448.9 Tm (W)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 330.518 448.9 Tm (ATCH)Tj 8 0 0 8 349.3596 448.9 Tm ( )Tj -24.295 -1.6125 TD 0.1375 Tw (Thank you Mr. Chairman for inviting me to testify and to offer my views of this )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (years State Department Human Rights Reports. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.29 Tw (And thank you for giving Irina Krasovskaya, Ngawang Sangdrol, and Gabriel )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2275 Tw (Shumba the chance to remind us that the struggle for human rights around the )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (world is not an abstraction. It is a life or death fight, waged by brave and decent )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (people who look to the United States to take their side. When America stands with )Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (such extraordinary men and women, it can make a decisive difference in their lives )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (and in the way the United States is perceived around the world. It empowers others )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (to work for freedom, and in so doing, helps show the world that Americas extraor-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (dinary power can serve a universal good. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.115 Tw (The State Departments human rights reports make an important contribution to )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.19 Tw (this goal. Some might wonder why that is so. It is only a book with words; all it )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (can do is shame. But shame can sometimes save lives. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0975 Tw (One of the interesting things about repressive governments is that as cynical and )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1275 Tw (ruthless as they are, they are capable of being embarrassed by what they do. Most )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (dictators understand that their security in power depends at least to some extent )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (on the extent to which their people and the world consider them to be legitimate. )Tj T* 0.28 Tw (And no government is seen as fully legitimate today if it tortures its people or )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (crushes dissent. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1025 Tw (And so, Aleksander Lukashenko, the leader of Belarus, vigorously denies that his )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.125 Tw (government engages in extrajudicial executions. The leaders of China strive to per-)Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (suade us that the people of Tibet are happy and free. Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (wants us to believe that the journalists who criticize him are terrorists who deserve )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to be punished. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2 Tw (On some level, these governments need to convince us, their people and maybe )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.13 Tw (even themselves of an alternative universe in which they are doing right and their )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (critics are lying. And so the State Department, with this annual exercise in truth )Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (telling, is doing a very useful thing. It is making it harder for repressive govern-)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (ments to deny the indefensible reality of their behavior, and thus encouraging them )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to alter that reality. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.08 Tw (The annual human rights reports also help to keep the State Department and the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (U.S. government as a whole a bit more honest in dealing with abusive governments )Tj T* 0.2525 Tw (around the world. American diplomats can still argue that engaging the govern-)Tj T* 0.115 Tw (ments of countries like China or Uzbekistan or Sudan may be important to the na-)Tj T* 0.2975 Tw (tional interest, despite their miserable human rights practices. But they cannot )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (deny the brutality of those practices, or pretend that mere engagement is improving )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (matters, if the State Departments own human rights reports state otherwise. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1225 Tw (This years reports are thorough, comprehensive, hard-hitting and honest. Assist-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (ant Secretary Craner and his team deserve great credit for pulling no punches and )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (making minimal compromises. The reports highlight in stark terms, for example, )Tj T* 0.255 Tw (the setbacks to democratic freedoms in Russia under Vladimir Putin, as well as )Tj T* 0.4125 Tw (Russias continuing human rights abuses in Chechnya. They candidly address )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00048)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 159 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 161 0 obj << /Length 7285 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (45)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.0875 Tw (human rights violations by close U.S. partners such as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Co-)Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.1625 Tw (lombia, and Egypt. They are particularly strong in condemning a number of coun-)Tj T* 0.185 Tw (tries that have misused the war on terror to justify crackdowns on political oppo-)Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (nents and on ethnic and religious groups, including Russia, Uzbekistan, and China. )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (It is profoundly not in Americas national interest to allow these governments to as-)Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (sociate the United States with their abusive policies, and it is very good to see the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (State Department pushing back in these reports. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2425 Tw (Of course, the ultimate test of the human rights reports lies in what happens )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1375 Tw (after the day they are published. How is the administration is using their findings )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (the other 364 days of the year? Is it applying the tools Congress has given it to com-)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (bat the problems described in the reports? Is respect for human rights truly a con-)Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (sequential issue in Americas bilateral relationships with governments that abuse )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (human rights? When it becomes an issue, is the administration applying the right )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (strategies and doing so aggressively enough? )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2975 Tw (One very obvious test of the administrations seriousness will come later this )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (month when the UN Commission for Human Rights opens in Geneva. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0625 Tw (It will fall to the United States to decide, for example, whether to press for a reso-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1125 Tw (lution condemning )Tj /F8 1 Tf 9.1139 0 TD 0 Tw (China)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.851 0 TD 0.1125 Tw (s human rights record at the Commission. To try to stave )Tj -11.9648 -0.9875 TD 0.1325 Tw (off a resolution, China has made its usual token gesturesthe release of a leading )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (dissident, Wang Youcai, and of a Tibetan nun, Phuntsog Nyidrol, and a small reduc-)Tj T* 0.175 Tw (tion in the sentence of Rebiya Kadeer, a Uighur human rights activist. Of course, )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (every prisoner release is welcome. But we have to be wary of a hostage diplomacy )Tj T* 0.1475 Tw (in which the Chinese government releases one person to satisfy its external critics )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (while arresting dozens of others to maintain its internal control. Especially if those )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (released are sent into exile, such gestures change nothing inside China. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (Indeed, in just the last few weeks, there have been new regulations that further )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2775 Tw (impede what is available on the Internet in China; an underground bishop in )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (Heilongjiang was detained; hundreds if not thousands of people were kept from peti-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (tioning in Beijing during the National Peoples Congress meetings; HIV-positive pro-)Tj T* 0.095 Tw (testers in Henan, arrested over the summer and released in January, were hit with )Tj T* 0.2925 Tw (exorbitant fines; and Beijing once again sought to intimidate the pro-democracy )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (movement in Hong Kong. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.095 Tw (Absent more significant reform, the United States should sponsor a China resolu-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.125 Tw (tion at the Commission on Human Rights. While there are indications that the ad-)Tj T* 0.095 Tw (ministration is heading in that direction, Mr. Chairman, it needs to make this deci-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (sion immediately, so that it has time to lobby other countries for support. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.07 Tw (The administration should also make clear now that it will cosponsor a European-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1875 Tw (initiated resolution condemning Russian human rights abuses in )Tj /F8 1 Tf 31.7805 0 TD 0 Tw (Chechnya)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.5169 0 TD 0.1875 Tw (. There )Tj -36.2975 -0.9875 TD 0.175 Tw (has been no let up in the war in Chechnya, and as the State Department reports )Tj T* 0.275 Tw (make clear, Russian forces continue to engage in kidnappings, forced disappear-)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (ances, and extrajudicial executions. These indiscriminate tactics make it harder to )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1775 Tw (find a negotiated solution to the conflict, and they risk fueling support for radical )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (Chechen groups that launch terrorist attacks against Russia. At the same time, )Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (there is evidence that when the world has paid attention to Chechnya, the intensity )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (of abuses there has subsided. If the administration supports a Chechnya resolution )Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (at the Commission on Human Rights, it will send a message to Russia that despite )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (cooperation on other matters, its conduct there is unacceptable. If the administra-)Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (tion fails to do so, its silence will send a clear message as wellthat Russia is win-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ning the argument on Chechnya and free to do as it likes. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1425 Tw (Mr. Chairman, there will be other opportunities in the coming weeks for the ad-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (ministration to act on the concerns outlined in these reports in its bilateral relation-)Tj T* 0.095 Tw (ships around the world. Let me just mention several discrete country-specific exam-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ples, and one overarching regional challenge. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (When I got my copy of this years human rights reports, the first country chapter )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1125 Tw (I turned to was )Tj /F8 1 Tf 7.7839 0 TD 0 Tw (Afghanistan)Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.6839 0 TD 0.1125 Tw (. Afghanistan \(along with Iraq\) is a special case among )Tj -13.4678 -1 TD 0.2025 Tw (the countries covered by these reports. It is a country that the United States set )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (out to liberate by force, whose leaders owe their position to American intervention, )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (where the U.S. military is deployed in large numbers, and where the United States )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (wields extraordinary influence. It is a country to which America has promised free-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (dom and human rights and where America has both the ability and the responsi-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (bility to keep that promise. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (But as the human rights reports make clear, the promise is far from being real-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.185 Tw (ized. Much of Afghanistan today is under the control not of President Karzai and )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (the central government he leads, but of warlords who operate their own private do-)Tj T* 0.195 Tw (mains. The State Department candidly states in these reports that these regional )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (leaders, many of whom originally came to power with the help of the U.S. armed )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (forces, maintain secret prisons housing political prisoners, that they torture and in-)Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (timidate their opponents, and that the rule of law is simply absent in large parts )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00049)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 162 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 164 0 obj << /Length 7307 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (46)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.13 Tw (of the country. With the Afghan national army far from deployment, the only solu-)Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.145 Tw (tion to this problem is for the United States and its NATO allies to deploy signifi-)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (cant peacekeeping forces outside the capital of Kabul. NATO has in principle agreed )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to do this. But little has happened. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1925 Tw (Another key country covered by the reports is )Tj /F8 1 Tf 22.8907 0 TD 0 Tw (Uzbekistan)Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.1479 0 TD 0.1925 Tw (. Uzbekistan is a true )Tj -29.0386 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (test case of post-September-11th U.S. human rights policy, because its government )Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (is both a close ally in the war on terror and a particularly ruthless human rights )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (abuser. As the State Department makes clear, the government of Uzbekistan contin-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (ued to detain and arrest its political opponents last year, and to engage in horrific )Tj T* 0.2425 Tw (and systematic torture in its prisons. Indeed, 6,000 people remain imprisoned in )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (Uzbekistan for their political beliefs or for practicing their Islamic faith outside of )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (rigid state controlsa policy that threatens U.S. interests by shutting down space )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in which moderate political and religious movements might flourish. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (In the coming few weeks, the State Department will have to certify to the Con-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.195 Tw (gress that Uzbekistan is making progress in respecting human rights, or, by law, )Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (U.S. assistance to the Uzbek government, including security assistance, will be sus-)Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (pended. The administration has pressed the Uzbek government to take a number )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (of reasonable steps to address its problemsby holding torturers accountable, intro-)Tj T* 0.105 Tw (ducing the right of habeas corpus and other legal protections for detainees, and im-)Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (plementing legal reforms that would decriminalize independent religious observ-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (ance. But the Uzbek leadership has largely rebuffed the United States. The admin-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (istration must remain firm in insisting on real, not cosmetic, progress in Uzbekistan )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (before making a certification and releasing more aid. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1075 Tw (The State Department reports point out that the government of )Tj /F8 1 Tf 30.7256 0 TD 0 Tw (Sudan )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4594 0 TD 0.1075 Tw (signed an )Tj -35.185 -0.9875 TD 0.145 Tw (accord last year with the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army that brought hope of an )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (end to violence in the southern part of that country. At the same, a new front in )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (Sudans conflict opened in the western region known as Darfour. As the State De-)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (partment points out, the government and government-supported militias committed )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (grave human rights abuses there, including razing numerous villages. As a result, )Tj T* (as many as 3,000 unarmed civilians were killed; more than 600,000 civilians were )Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (internally displaced; and an estimated 100,000 refugees fled to neighboring Chad. )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (To the extent that Sudans reintegration with the international community depends )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (on a resolution of its brutal conflicts, an end to attacks on civilians in Darfour has )Tj T* 0.125 Tw (to be part of the equation. The Bush administration should step up its pressure on )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (Sudan to end immediately obstruction of humanitarian aid efforts, to order its forces )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (and allied militias \(known as the Janjaweed\) to protect civilians and allow them )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (safe passage to Chad, to ground aircraft that have been used to bomb civilians indis-)Tj T* 0.195 Tw (criminately, and to stop arming and otherwise supporting the Janjaweed militias. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2075 Tw (The human rights reports appropriately condemn the government of )Tj /F8 1 Tf 33.756 0 TD 0 Tw (Burma )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.7254 0 TD (for )Tj -38.4815 -0.9875 TD 0.2 Tw (continuing its brutal repression of the Burmese people, from the imprisonment of )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (at least 1,300 political opponents, to a systematic campaign of rape against ethnic )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0975 Tw (minority civilians, to the forced recruitment of child soldiers, to last years premedi-)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (tated attack on opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, which left, in the State De-)Tj T* 0.395 Tw (partments words, several hundred opposition members missing, under arrest, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (wounded, raped, or dead.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2025 Tw (It is vital that the administration and the Congress maintain a tough policy of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (sanctions until there is meaningful progress towards democracy and human rights )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (in Burma. By meaningful, I mean more than the unfulfilled promises contained in )Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (road maps that have been announced by the Burmese government, and which so )Tj T* 0.1475 Tw (far have led nowhere. And I mean more than the release of one person, Aung San )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (Suu Kyi, from house arrest, which, while much needed, is something we have seen )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (before and which would change nothing. It is that tough policy, backed by coordi-)Tj T* 0.085 Tw (nated pressure from other countries and the United Nations, that has prompted the )Tj T* 0.2725 Tw (few efforts the Burmese government has made to engage with the international )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (community and its few gestures of compromise. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.315 Tw (The administration also needs to get tough with Burmas neighbor )Tj /F8 1 Tf 34.1355 0 TD 0 Tw (Thailand)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.3319 0 TD (, )Tj -39.4675 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (which has stepped backwards in its progress towards full democracy, and become )Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (the chief defender of Burmas repressive government on the international stage. The )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (United States needs to press Thailand not to push Burmese refugees back to their )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (country, and to remain an example of political pluralism and free expression for all )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (its neighbors. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (The human rights reports also rightly note that the people of )Tj /F8 1 Tf 29.9496 0 TD 0 Tw (Colombia )Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.8249 0 TD (continue )Tj -35.7745 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (to be terrorized by two illegal armed groups, the FARC guerillas and the AUC para-)Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (military organization, and that the Colombian military has still not severed its long-)Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (standing ties to the AUC. The Colombian government is currently engaged in peace )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (talks with the AUC. It is vital that the United States send a clear and consistent )Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (message that any peace agreement with this group or with the FARC not permit )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (leaders guilty of atrocities against civilians \(many of whom have been named as ter-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00050)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 165 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 167 0 obj << /Length 6947 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (47)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.0925 Tw (rorists and drug traffickers by the U.S. government\) to escape punishment. The Co-)Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (lombia chapter of the human rights reports also rightly record hundreds of human )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (rights investigations that saw no progress in 2003, a clear failing of a key institu-)Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (tion in Colombia, the office of the Attorney General. This institution is the backbone )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (of President Uribes efforts to restore order in Colombia by getting criminals off the )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (streets and in jail. Human Rights Watch has documented a clear pattern of the ob-)Tj T* 0.41 Tw (struction of cases involving allegations against narco-terrorists in paramilitary )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (groups, often working in collusion with corrupt security force officers. Over the last )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (several months, Colombia has been rocked by scandal after scandal involving direct )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (paramilitary infiltration of the Attorney Generals officesomething the State De-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (partment reports regrettably do not mention. This is an issue the Department must )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (take up with the Colombian government at the highest levels. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2 Tw (The most ambitious challenge laid out by the human rights reports is one that )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2025 Tw (I want to focus on as well today, Mr. Chairman. It is the challenge of promoting )Tj T* 0.2075 Tw (more open and democratic government, with greater respect for human rights, in )Tj T* 0 Tw (the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 1.8305 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (Middle East. )Tj /F1 1 Tf -0.8305 -0.9875 TD 0.2225 Tw (Until very recently, the United States simply did not make the denial of basic )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.055 Tw (freedoms in this region of the world an issue with its partners there. President Bush )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (has rightly recognized that such a policy is both morally wrong and strategically )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (unsustainable. So long as hundreds of millions of people in the Muslim world are )Tj T* 0.2875 Tw (denied peaceful avenues for expressing their grievances, some inevitably will be )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (drawn to movements that express themselves violently. So long as governments in )Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (the region shut down non-violent dissent, moderate forces will be stymied and those )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (who preach intolerance in the shadows will be strengthened. The administration de-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (serves enormous credit for recognizing this, and for seeking to end the Middle East )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (exception to American human rights promotion around the world. If some leaders )Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (in the region, including Egypts Hosni Mubarak, have reacted with dismay to the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (administrations strategy, that is an argument in its favor. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.255 Tw (The administration is also right to liken this effort in the Middle East to the )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.12 Tw (struggle for human rights in central and eastern Europe during the Cold War. The )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (goal is just as far reaching and important. But there also are important differences )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (in the nature of the challenge that need to be seriously considered as the effort is )Tj T* 0 Tw (launched. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.145 Tw (During the Cold War, the United States was seen by people from Estonia to Po-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.21 Tw (land to Romania as a leader, as a friend, and as a champion of their democratic )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (aspirations. There was no anti-Americanism in the region that communist govern-)Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (ments could exploit to rally their people against American interference. In fact, most )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (people eagerly wanted the United States to interfere. And so, America found in )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (these countries movements for change that welcomed U.S. support, and that used )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (it effectively to further shared aims. And once these movements succeeded in trans-)Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (forming their countries, they moved towards both democracy and friendship with )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (the United States. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (In the Arab world today, the situation is different. Right now, very few people in )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (this vast region see the United States as a credible champion of their hopes and )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (dreams. Very few welcomed President Bushs eloquent speeches about democracy in )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the Middle Eastin fact, most greeted his words with cynicism. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (This is not because most Arabs somehow want to live in repressive societies. Ear-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (lier this year, the PEW foundation surveyed public attitudes in a number of Middle )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (Eastern Countries and found that the vast majority of people in this region want )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (desperately to live in societies where people can speak their minds, and choose their )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (governments in free elections, and get fair justice in independent courts. Most are )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (small-d democrats. But when the same people are asked, do you like American )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (ideas about democracy? the same people, by similar majorities, say no. They no )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (longer associate the United States with the values it preaches. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (This could spell disaster for any American strategy to promote democracy in the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1425 Tw (region. It alienates the United States from the very peoplethe dissidents and ac-)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (tivists and scholars and journalistswho should be its natural allies in promoting )Tj T* 0.295 Tw (change. It enables repressive governments to redirect their peoples anger away )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (from themselves and towards the United States. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (Of course, the roots of this resentment of the United States are complex. Some )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (of the reasons are not entirely rational. Some have to do with Americas unmatched )Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (military, political and cultural power, and there is little the United States can do )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (about that. But there are other more legitimate and understandable reasons for re-)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (sentment that can and must be addressed if the strategy President Bush has an-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (nounced is to succeed. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (The first factor, of course, is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is of profound )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1225 Tw (concern to people across the Arab world. I dont believe that the United States will )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (ever be able to promote effectively human rights and democracy in Muslim countries )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00051)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 168 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 171 0 obj << /Length 7029 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (48)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.105 Tw (unless it is seen to be making an all out effort to resolve that conflict, championing )Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.29 Tw (the rights and dignity of Palestinians and Israelis alike. The State Department )Tj T* 0.2425 Tw (human rights reports are relatively candid in describing human rights violations )Tj T* (and the suffering of civilians on both sides. But once again, this is one of those )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (things that needs to be sustained 365 days a year. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1775 Tw (A second problem that must be overcome is the perfectly accurate perception in )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.065 Tw (the region that the United States, while talking about democracy and human rights, )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (has remained close to some of the most repressive governments in the Middle East. )Tj T* (President Bush and Secretary Powell can change that only by reviewing every rela-)Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (tionship the United States maintains in the region, making sure that decisions )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (about aid and bases and security cooperation are made with human rights consider-)Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (ations in mind, and raising these issues both privately and publicly whenever they )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (meet with Arab leaders. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.085 Tw (Last month, Tunisian President Ben Ali visited Washington. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 28.9986 0 TD 0 Tw (Tunisia )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.9539 0 TD 0.085 Tw (is one of the )Tj -33.9525 -0.9875 TD 0.345 Tw (most modern countries in the Arab worldone that has made relatively great )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (strides in both economic reform and in advancing the rights of women. But the gov-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (ernment still rules with an iron hand, intolerant of political dissent and opposition. )Tj T* 0.3125 Tw (President Bush and the State Department delivered a fairly strong message to )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (President Ben Ali on the need for political reform and tolerance of dissent. That was )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (a good start, and a good sign. Now there needs to be follow throughwith clear ex-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (pectations and consequences for the relationship if expectations are not met. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1125 Tw (On April 12, Egyptian President Mubarak will also visit Washington. I hope that )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0625 Tw (members of this Committee will join in urging President Bush to be at least as clear )Tj T* 0 Tw (with )Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.556 0 TD (Egypt )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.148 0 TD 0.185 Tw (about the need for change as he was with Tunisia. Over the past few )Tj -5.7039 -0.9875 TD 0.055 Tw (years, as the State Department has reported, Egypt has repeatedly and harshly sup-)Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (pressed efforts by its people to promote more open, democratic government. It has )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (arrested and brutally mistreated peaceful anti-war activists. As a recent report by )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (Human Rights Watch documented, it has waged an unrelenting campaign of arrest )Tj T* 0.2175 Tw (and torture against men suspected of consensual homosexual conduct. Egypt is a )Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (leader in the Arab world; the most populous country in the region. Democratic )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (change in Egypt can come only if its people lead the way. But a consistent and prin-)Tj T* 0.35 Tw (cipled message from the United States would aid those working peacefully for )Tj T* 0.3125 Tw (change, while showing democratic activists throughout the Arab world that the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (United States is now truly on their side. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (A third challenge for the United States in regaining its authority as a champion )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.09 Tw (of freedom in the Middle East is to lead by example at home. Throughout American )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (history, this has been the greatest contribution the United States has made to the )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (struggle for democracy around the worldby serving as a beacon and as a model )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (of a society where the power of government to limit the freedom of its people is itself )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (limited by law. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.175 Tw (That image of America has without question eroded around the world, and par-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1875 Tw (ticularly in the Middle East, since September 11, 2001, because of issues like the )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (long-term detention without charge of suspected terroristsboth foreign nationals )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (from the Arab world and American citizensin Guantanamo and elsewhere, as well )Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (as the rendition of suspects to countries in the Middle East that the State Depart-)Tj T* 0.2175 Tw (ment reports accuse of systematic torture. Mr. Chairman, these are difficult, and )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (controversial subjects, involving both American constitutional and international law. )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (Some will be taken up this year by the Supreme Court, and I will not try to adju-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (dicate them before this committee. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (But I will try to convince you of two things: Number one, these controversies in-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0875 Tw (volve the most fundamental issue in any democracyhow much power can we trust )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (our government to have, and what are the checks against that power? Number two, )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (how these questions are settled will have a huge impact around the world, including )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (on Americas ability to champion the rule of law, especially in the Middle East. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.055 Tw (When I speak to democratic activists in the region, they bring up these issues con-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0625 Tw (stantly. How can America tell our leaders convincingly not to lock people up without )Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (trial or charge, they ask, when your government is asserting the right to do the )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (same thing to suspected terrorists at home? Is it enough for the leader of a country )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (to call someone a terrorist to have them imprisoned without due process or judicial )Tj T* 0.135 Tw (review? Remember, they say, leaders in our part of the world, like Hosni Mubarak )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (of Egypt, always accuse their political opponents of being terrorists. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (Already, these problems seem to be having some impact on American efforts to )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (promote human rights overseas. We have been told by U.S. diplomats in Malaysia )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (that they cant really say much about the indefinite detention of government oppo-)Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (nents in that country because of Guantanamo. A State Department spokesman re-)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (cently modified his call to release or charge opposition activists arrested in Azer-)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (baijan after a reporter asked if that principle applied to detainees in U.S. custody )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (as well. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00052)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 172 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 174 0 obj << /Length 5370 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (49)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.5275 Tw (Last year, I attended a meeting between Deputy Defense Secretary Paul )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.245 Tw (Wolfowitz and a renowned Arab advocate of democracy, a man who admires the )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (United States and who was taking a risk at home merely by meeting a Bush admin-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (istration official. This brave dissident expressed gratitude for President Bushs com-)Tj T* 0.25 Tw (mitment to democracy in the Muslim world. But he also pleaded with Secretary )Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (Wolfowitz not to make compromises in Americas own fight against terrorism that )Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (would undermine its campaign for liberty in the Middle East. Every dictator in the )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (region wants to point to Americas example as an excuse to crack down on dissent, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (he said. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.215 Tw (Whether we agree with the Presidents policies or not, Mr. Chairman, we have )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1925 Tw (to take that warning seriously when it is coming from those on the front lines of )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (the struggle for human rights and democracy in the Middle East. As we make deci-)Tj T* 0.085 Tw (sions on these complex matters, we have to take into account the impact those deci-)Tj T* 0.325 Tw (sions will have on Americas ability to champion democratic values around the )Tj T* 0 Tw (world. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.075 Tw (The fundamental point is that we need the moral clarity that is provided by these )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.105 Tw (State Department human rights reports and by the efforts of the President and the )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (State Department to condemn human rights abuses throughout the year. But the )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (United States needs to project more than moral clarityit must maintain moral au-)Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (thority to promote a more humane and democratic world. That requires consistent )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (leadership abroad and a sterling example at home.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 471 Tm 0.052 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 471 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.7009 471 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much, Mr. Malinowski. )Tj -6.8701 -1 TD (Ms. Windsor. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 151.1 444.8 Tm 0.0422 Tw (STATEMENT OF JENNIFER WINDSOR, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, )Tj 12.2156 -1.0889 TD (FREEDOM HOUSE )Tj /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 421 Tm 0.214 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.5795 421 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.619 421 Tm 0.214 Tw (. Great. Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com-)Tj -7.4619 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (mittee, thank you for inviting me to testify today, and I would re-)Tj T* 0.188 Tw (quest that my written testimony and supporting materials be en-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tered into the record. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 381 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.7009 381 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Without objection. )Tj -6.8701 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.6595 371 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 220.699 371 Tm 0.122 Tw (. Freedom House welcomes the release of the State )Tj -7.3699 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (Departments latest annual report on the state of global human )Tj T* 0.066 Tw (rights. We commend Assistant Secretary Craner and his bureau for )Tj T* 0.4 Tw (producing a hard-hitting assessment of human rights, even in )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (countries that are our friends and allies. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.178 Tw (The information contained in the report tends, in large part, to )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.388 Tw (reinforce the findings of our own global assessment of human )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (rights that Freedom House produces each year. We have found that )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (even in the midst of global terrorism and international efforts to )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (fight it, freedom and democracy continue to make overall progress )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (worldwide in 2003. However, too many people still live under dic-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tatorial regimes. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (The largest freedom gap exists in countries with a majority Mus-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (lim population, especially in the Arab world. Arab societies rep-)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (resent half of the eight countries we rate as worst of the worst, )Tj T* 0.242 Tw (those who are given the lowest possible score for political rights )Tj T* 0.236 Tw (and civil liberties, and they include Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (and Syria. The remaining four include Burma, Cuba, North Korea, )Tj T* 0.426 Tw (and Turkmenistan, and two territories, that of Chechnya and )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (Tibet. I have brought with me today a copy of our newly published )Tj T* 0.34 Tw (report on the worlds most repressive societies that we will be )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (bringing to Geneva with us in just a few weeks, and I would ask )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (that it be distributed to Members of the Committee. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.304 Tw (Freedom House also commends the Administration for having )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (made the promotion of democracy a central tenet of its foreign pol-)Tj T* 0.056 Tw (icy. However, the success of failure of this policy will be determined )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (by how rigorously it is implemented, especially in the case of U.S. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00053)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 175 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 177 0 obj << /Length 4616 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (50)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.274 Tw (Allies. Prominent among the hardest cases is Russia. We would )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (like to congratulate the State Department for this years unflinch-)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (ing assessment of conditions in Russia. We applaud Secretary Pow-)Tj T* 0.294 Tw (ells recent critical comments about the democratic deterioration )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (that has occurred in that country. However, we think the Adminis-)Tj T* 0.156 Tw (tration needs to have a more active strategy to address the situa-)Tj T* 0 Tw (tion. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (This is a critical moment for Russian democracy. In less than a )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (week, Russians will go to the polls in a presidential election that )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (Freedom House has concluded will be neither free nor fair nor com-)Tj T* 0.266 Tw (petitive in any meaningful sense. Freedom House has been con-)Tj T* 0.142 Tw (cerned about the future of freedom in Russia since the beginnings )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (of the Putin government. We have taken note as the government, )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (step by step, has narrowed the space of democratic freedom in one )Tj T* 0.106 Tw (area of society after another. Last year, for the first time since the )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (fall of the Soviet Union, Freedom House gave Russia a press-free-)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (dom rating of not free. We have also made the decision to remove )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (Russia from a list of electoral democracies, and if a further con-)Tj T* 0.128 Tw (striction of freedom happens, Russia may well be downgraded into )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the not-free category. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (The trend toward authoritarianism in Russia has both regional )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.272 Tw (and international repercussions. As a permanent member of the )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (U.N. Security Council, Russia wields immense influence over that )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (bodys affairs. In recent years, Russia has served as an obstacle to )Tj T* 0.144 Tw (the fulfillment of the U.N.s human rights mission by joining with )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (outright dictatorships to block resolutions that call to account gov-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ernments that systemically violate fundamental human rights. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.32 Tw (Russias domestic policy also has implications for democracies )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (throughout the region. It is unlikely that we will see a movement )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (toward democratic reform in Belarus, a country ruled by Europes )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (most repressive regime, if Russia is moving to control the press and )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (smother its own political opposition. Similarly, the Russia example )Tj T* 0.444 Tw (is certain to exert a negative influence over developments in )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (Ukraine, a country whose already fragile democratic freedoms are )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in increased jeopardy. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (Next, I would like to mention the case of Azerbaijan, where the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.094 Tw (State report accurately captured the absence of basic freedoms and )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (the degree of outright repression in that country. The lack of basic )Tj T* 0.3 Tw (democratic rights was made vivid during this past years presi-)Tj T* 0.254 Tw (dential election, which was marked by blatant fraud. There was )Tj T* 0.388 Tw (also an appalling crackdown on the political opposition in the )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (weeks following the election. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (The U.S. Government has been strangely silent as the new Presi-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (dent tightens his authoritarian grip over the country. Given that )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (the United States has forged a strategic alliance with Azerbaijan, )Tj T* 0.29 Tw (we should use our influence to promote political reform in that )Tj T* 0.074 Tw (country. Instead, we have done just the opposite. In December, just )Tj T* 0.162 Tw (weeks after President Bushs commendable speech to the NED on )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (the importance of democracy to the security of America, Secretary )Tj T* 0.202 Tw (of Defense Donald Rumsfeld visited that country and uttered not )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (a word about the deplorable elections and crackdown on political )Tj T* 0 Tw (opposition. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (Finally, I would like to turn to the case of Egypt. If the United )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.332 Tw (States is serious about pursuing a policy that seeks to further )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00054)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 178 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 180 0 obj << /Length 6046 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (51)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.29 Tw (democratic change in the Middle East, then change in Egypt, I )Tj 0 -0.99 TD 0.134 Tw (would argue, is essential. If Egypt should continue to resist demo-)Tj T* 0.274 Tw (cratic reform, as it has to date, this will seriously set back the )Tj T* 0.098 Tw (cause of democracy in the Middle East. We have welcomed the Ad-)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (ministrations new commitment to promote democracy in the Mid-)Tj T* 0.262 Tw (dle East; however, we have been, frankly, disappointed that the )Tj T* 0.304 Tw (new direction has apparently not yet had an impact on United )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (States Government policy toward Egypt. )Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.7 Tw (We were particularly disappointed that Deputy Secretary )Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.226 Tw (Armitage, in January, praised President Mubarak as a partner )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (who is intent on leading the regions search for democracy. The )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (last 20 years of rule have made it abundantly clear that President )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (Mubarak is committed to holding on power at all costs. Meanwhile, )Tj T* 0.252 Tw (the United States continues to provide the government of Egypt )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (with veto power over the millions of taxpayer dollars we provide to )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (that country each year. It is our sincere hope that when President )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (Bush meets with President Mubarak next month, that he will use )Tj T* 0.202 Tw (our considerable leverage over that country to encourage genuine )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (political reform. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.094 Tw (In conclusion, I would like to thank the State Department for its )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.244 Tw (fine work in putting together this years )Tj /F8 1 Tf 20.4317 0 TD (Human Rights Reports)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11.0788 0 TD 0 Tw (, )Tj -31.5106 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (but we urge the U.S. Government to prove that its stated commit-)Tj T* 0.186 Tw (ment to the promotion of freedom is more than rhetoric and that )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (it is willing to change its policies and its programs to encourage )Tj T* 0.238 Tw (democratic progress, especially in those countries that we see as )Tj T* 0.224 Tw (strategic allies. Only then will the promise of global freedom be-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (come a reality. Thank you. )Tj 1 -1 TD ([The prepared statement of Ms. Windsor follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 158.3 356 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 163.6359 356 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 198.6279 356 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 203.6678 356 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 256.1222 356 Tm (J)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 260.5701 356 Tm (ENNIFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.3781 356 Tm (W)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 302.226 356 Tm (INDSOR)Tj 8 0 0 8 328.6579 356 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, E)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 339.3018 356 Tm 0 Tw (XECUTIVE)Tj 8 0 0 8 377.0201 356 Tm (D)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 383.244 356 Tm (IRECTOR)Tj 8 0 0 8 413.58 356 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, F)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 423.7839 356 Tm 0 Tw (REEDOM)Tj 8 0 0 8 453.6462 356 Tm ( )Tj -20.0508 -1 TD (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 299.9039 348 Tm (OUSE)Tj 8 0 0 8 318.7519 348 Tm ( )Tj -20.469 -1.625 TD 0.135 Tw (Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, thank you for inviting me to tes-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.055 Tw (tify today. Freedom House welcomes the release of the State Departments latest an-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (nual report on the state of global human rights. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (Freedom House has participated in a number of assessments of the State Depart-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1875 Tw (ments annual human rights report. As in the past, the current edition is notable )Tj T* 0.065 Tw (for its thoroughness, its comprehensive nature, and the accuracy of its reporting. Al-)Tj T* 0.125 Tw (though we may have nuanced differences with the reports findings and interpreta-)Tj T* 0.135 Tw (tions, we regard it as a credible document. We commend the State Department for )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (its hard-hitting assessment of human rights, even in countries that are our friends )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and allies. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (The information contained in the report tends in large part to reinforce the find-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.165 Tw (ings of our own global assessment of human rights. As you know, Freedom House )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (publishes an annual survey of Freedom in the World, which is the only barometer )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (of the state of world freedom that provides a comparative assessment of the worlds )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (192 countries. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (According to our last survey, while almost half of the worlds population lives in )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1875 Tw (Free societies, there are still 49 countries rated Not Free, representing 2.2 billion )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (people, or 35% of the worlds population. China alone accounts for 50 percent of the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (total number of people living in Not Free societies )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.085 Tw (Even in the midst of global terrorism and international efforts to fight it, freedom )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (and democracy continued to make overall progress worldwide in 2003. Most gains, )Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (however, have been made in regions from which global terrorism does not normally )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (emanate, such as Central and Eastern Europe and East Asia. Freedom is still lag-)Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (ging in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, where certain regimes con-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tinue to use counter-terrorism to justify the stifling of dissent. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1925 Tw (The largest freedom gap exists in countries with a majority Muslim population, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0725 Tw (especially in the Arab world. Arab societies represent half of the 8 countries we rate )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (as worst of the worstthose who were given the lowest possible numerical ratings )Tj T* 0.235 Tw (for political rights and civil liberties: Libya, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria. The re-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00055)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 181 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 183 0 obj << /Length 6920 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (52)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.0525 Tw (maining four include Burma, Cuba, North Korea and Turkmenistan. Two territories, )Tj 0 -0.9875 TD (Chechnya \(Russia\) and Tibet \(China\), also received the worst ratings. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD (Freedom House also commends the Administration for having made the promotion )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.125 Tw (of democracy a centerpiece of its foreign policy. Freedom House has long advocated )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the incorporation of democracy promotion as a core value of U.S. policy. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0925 Tw (But as we give credit to the Administration for its recognition of democracys cen-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0825 Tw (tral importance to the creation of a peaceful, stable, and humane world, we also un-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (derstand that the success or failure of this policy will be determined by how rigor-)Tj T* 0.135 Tw (ously it is implemented in the hardest cases. Unfortunately, the U.S. too often has )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (not consistently translated the findings of its annual human rights report into the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (realities of policies and programs, especially with regard to our allies. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1275 Tw (Prominent among the hardest cases is Russia. We would like to congratulate the )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (State Department for this years unflinching assessment of conditions in Russia. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1725 Tw (This is a critical moment for Russian democracy. In less than a week, Russians )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0775 Tw (will go to the polls in a presidential election that Freedom House has concluded will )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (be neither free nor fair, nor competitive in any meaningful sense. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (Freedom House has been concerned about the future of freedom in Russia since )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.185 Tw (the beginning of the Putin government. We have taken note as the Putin govern-)Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (ment, step by step, has narrowed the space of democratic freedom in one area of )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (society after another. Next weeks election will amount to little more than a travesty )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (of a genuine electoral exercise. Through a process that involved the disqualification )Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (of candidates, the withdrawal of candidates under pressure from the Putin adminis-)Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (tration, and the co-optation of other candidates, the field has been narrowed to the )Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (incumbent, President Putin, and a collection of little known, token opponents. To )Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (compound the problem, the Russian media, which is either directly controlled by the )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (state or heavily influenced by the government, have ignored the opposition while )Tj T* 0.445 Tw (giving extensive and uncritical coverage of President Putin. Under these cir-)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (cumstances, the Russian people have no real democratic choice in the election. We )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (fully expect President Putin to win reelection with a majority vote that bears dis-)Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (turbing similarities to the automatic majorities rolled up by Communist Party lead-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ers in the time of the Soviet Union. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.2125 Tw (Last year, for the first time since the fall of the Soviet Union, Freedom House )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2025 Tw (gave Russia a press freedom rating of Not Free. We have also made the decision )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (to remove Russia from the list of electoral democracies. We have done so because )Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (of the many actions taken by the Putin government to prevent genuine competition )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (in either the election for the presidency or for parliament. If a further constriction )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (of freedom happens in this country, Russia may well be downgraded into the Not )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Free category in our freedom survey. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD (Among specific issues that concern Freedom House are the following:)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.015 0 TD 0.16 Tw (The expanding influence of former members of the security apparatus at all )Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (levels of government;)Tj /F9 1 Tf -1.015 -1.25 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.015 0 TD 0.1525 Tw (The singling out of opponents of the Putin government for criminal prosecu-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (tion on questionable tax or corruption charges;)Tj /F9 1 Tf -1.015 -1.25 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.015 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (The elimination of all independent television networks;)Tj /F9 1 Tf -1.015 -1.25 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.015 0 TD 0.2575 Tw (The intimidation and even criminal prosecution of investigative journalists )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (whose reports have criticized officials or policies of the Putin administration, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and the murder of independent journalists in the Russian provinces;)Tj /F9 1 Tf -1.015 -1.25 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.015 0 TD 0.255 Tw (The continued persecution of the Chechen people and the refusal to grant )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (Chechens a semblance of genuine autonomy.)Tj -2.015 -1.5 TD 0.235 Tw (Freedom House is especially concerned about the governments apparent deter-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (mination to close off, shut down, or limit voices of criticism or opposition. In addition )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (to its measures against an independent media, the government has taken steps to )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (close off other sources of alternative opinion. Of particular concern was the govern-)Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (ment takeover of the All Union Institute on Public Opinion, a highly respected think )Tj T* 0.2925 Tw (tank that published a series of polls showing dwindling support for the war in )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Chechnya and majority support for a negotiated settlement. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0625 Tw (The picture in Russia is not entirely bleak. The Putin government has taken some )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (measures to reduce the countrys endemic corruption. Russia has also been the tar-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (get of a series of horrific terrorist attacks, presumably by Chechen sources, in recent )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (years. But the overall situation is one of a steady shrinking of democratic rights )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (over the span of recent years, and an acceleration of anti-democratic trends under )Tj T* 0 Tw (Putin. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (Russia is an important country, and its lurch towards authoritarianism will have )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (regional and international repercussions. As a permanent member of the UN Secu-)Tj T* 0.2525 Tw (rity Council, Russia wields immense influence over that bodys affairs. In recent )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (years, Russia has served as an obstacle to the fulfillment of the UNs human rights )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00056)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 184 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F9 185 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 187 0 obj << /Length 6855 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (53)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.205 Tw (mission by joining with outright dictatorships to block resolutions that call to ac-)Tj 0 -1.0125 TD 0.06 Tw (count governments that systematically violate fundamental human rights. If current )Tj T* 0.135 Tw (trends are not reversed, we can anticipate that Russia will continue to play an ob-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (structionist role. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.08 Tw (Russias domestic policies also have implications for democracy throughout the re-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.305 Tw (gion. It is unlikely that we will see a movement towards democratic reform in )Tj T* 0.2075 Tw (Belarus, a country ruled by Europes most repressive regime, if Russia is moving )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (to control the press and smother the political opposition. Similarly, the Russian ex-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (ample is certain to exert a negative influence over developments in Ukraine, a coun-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (try where already fragile democratic freedoms are in increased jeopardy. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.31 Tw (Freedom House has criticized this Administration for its failure to speak out )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.185 Tw (against the deterioration of democracy in Russia. However, we were heartened by )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (Secretary Powells strong statement on the threats to Russian democracy that was )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (published in )Tj /F8 1 Tf 6.3259 0 TD 0 Tw (Izvestiya)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.0359 0 TD 0.1625 Tw (. We urge the Administration to follow up on the sentiments )Tj -10.3618 -1.0125 TD 0.17 Tw (expressed in that statement by making a concern for freedom a more central part )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (of our policy towards Russia. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.26 Tw (Another country of particular interest to Freedom House is Azerbaijan. Again, )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.225 Tw (this years report accurately captured the unacceptable violations of basic human )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (rights that have been perpetrated by the government of Ilham Aliyev. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.12 Tw (Azerbaijan shares many of the problems that plague Russia, except that in Azer-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1975 Tw (baijans case, the absence of basic freedoms and the degree of outright repression )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (is far more pronounced. The lack of basic democratic rights was made vivid during )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (this past years presidential election. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.0875 Tw (The election was marked by the blatant fraud, including ballot stuffing, according )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1625 Tw (to international monitoring organizations. At the same time, opposition candidates )Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (were prevented from reaching the public with their programs due to state domina-)Tj T* 0.215 Tw (tion of the print and broadcast media, either directly through state ownership or )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (indirectly through effective control by relatives or allies of the leadership. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.19 Tw (There was also an appalling crackdown on the political opposition in the weeks )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1525 Tw (following the election. This included brutal tactics by the police during demonstra-)Tj T* 0.195 Tw (tions called to protest the undemocratic nature of the elections as well the arrest )Tj T* 0.12 Tw (of opposition leaders who did not participate in the demonstrations. The number of )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (political prisoners held in the wake of the election may have reached as high as 700. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.14 Tw (The United States has forged a strategic alliance with Azerbaijan. The U.S. gov-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0975 Tw (ernment should use its influence to promote political reform in that country. Unfor-)Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (tunately, it has yet to do so. In December, just weeks after President Bushs com-)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (mendable speech on the importance of democracy to the security of America, Sec-)Tj T* 0.245 Tw (retary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld visited that country, and uttered not a word )Tj T* 0.2375 Tw (about the deplorable elections and crackdown on political opposition that has oc-)Tj T* 0.4075 Tw (curred. The U.S. government has been strangely silent as the new President )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tightens his authoritarian grip on that country. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Freedom House is also concerned about developments in Egypt. )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (Because of its size, its strategic location, and its historic role as a leading power )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.175 Tw (in the Arab world, Egypt ranks as one of the Middle Easts most important coun-)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (tries. If the United States is serious about pursuing a policy that seeks to further )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (democratic change in the Middle East, then change in Egypt is essential. If Egypt )Tj T* 0.125 Tw (registers democratic gains, then the prospects for progress in the rest of the region )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (will be significantly enhanced. But if Egypt should continue to resist democratic re-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (form, this will seriously set back the cause of democracy in the Middle East. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (During the past year, Freedom House did take note of some positive develop-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (ments. State security courts and hard labor prison sentences were abolished. The )Tj T* 0.265 Tw (government opened wide-ranging discussions with legal opposition parties. There )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (were also signs of a more tolerant attitude towards the airing of previously taboo )Tj T* 0 Tw (subjects. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.165 Tw (Unfortunately, this modest bit of good news was overshadowed by the failure to )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1025 Tw (address the core nature of the countrys anti-democratic policies. Egypt is a country )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (in which citizens do not enjoy genuine political choice, do not have access to a free )Tj T* 0.135 Tw (press, and are subject to persecution and torture for expressing opinions that chal-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (lenge government policy. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (As is the case in many other authoritarian countries, a critical issue is the ab-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.085 Tw (sence of press freedom. Egypt has assembled a constellation of laws and regulations )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (that can be mobilized to silence any reporting or commentary that is critical of the )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (president, his family, or the political leadership. A journalist who violates the un-)Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (written restrictions on news coverage can be imprisoned and his newspaper shut )Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (down. Of course, the government seldom finds it necessary to punish journalists, )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (since it controls, directly or indirectly, the leading television stations, radio stations, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and newspapers. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00057)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 188 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 190 0 obj << /Length 5823 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (54)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.095 Tw (Egypt further restricts freedom of expression through rules that control the exist-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.105 Tw (ence of independent NGOs and think tanks. Freedom House is especially concerned )Tj T* 0.265 Tw (about this issue because of our admiration for Dr. Saad Eddin Ibrahim and his )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (think tank, the Ibn Khaldun Center. Although we are pleased that the criminal case )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (against Dr. Ibrahim was dropped, we are disturbed by reports of continuing harass-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ment directed at him and other independent minded scholars. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.065 Tw (Finally, we are concerned about reports of widespread torture practiced by the au-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.19 Tw (thorities against political opponents. Although Egypt has in the past suffered vio-)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (lence at the hands of political and religious extremists, there is strong evidence that )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (today the authorities are exploiting international concern over Islamic terrorism to )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (justify the brutal treatment of non-violent critics of government policy. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.115 Tw (Freedom House has welcomed the Administrations new commitments to promote )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.18 Tw (democracy in the Middle East. However, we have been disappointed that the new )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (direction has apparently not yet had an impact on the U.S. governments policy to-)Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (wards Egypt. We were particularly disappointed that Deputy Secretary Armitage in )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (January praised President Mubarak as a partner who is intent on leading the )Tj T* 0.2375 Tw (regions search for democracy. The last twenty years of rule have made it abun-)Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (dantly clear that President Mubarak is committed to holding onto power at all costs, )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (including violations of fundamental human rights. Meanwhile, the U.S. continues to )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (provide the government of Egypt with veto power over the millions of taxpayer dol-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (lars we provide to that country each year. It is our sincere hope that when President )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (Bush meets with President Mubarak later this month that he will use our consider-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (able leverage over that country to encourage genuine political reform. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.065 Tw (In conclusion, I would like to thank the State Department for its fine work in put-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.17 Tw (ting together the human rights report. But we urge the U.S. government to prove )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (that its stated commitment to the promotion of freedom is more than rhetoric, and )Tj T* 0.355 Tw (that it is willing to change its policies and programs to encourage democratic )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (progress, especially in those countries that we see as strategic allies. Only then will )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the promise of global freedom become a reality.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 402.1 Tm 0.164 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.7496 402.1 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.821 402.1 Tm 0.164 Tw (. Thank you very much, both of you, for, I think, )Tj -7.9821 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (very enlightening testimony. )Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.538 Tw (Mr. Malinowski and, actually, Ms. Windsor also, but, Mr. )Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.15 Tw (Malinowski, you noted in your testimony that you recognized that )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (there were strategic goals that our country has that necessitate at )Tj T* 0.27 Tw (least taking them into consideration when we are talking about )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (human rights issues in certain countries, and I wonder what are )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (they specifically. From the way you addressed it, you made me feel, )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (anyway, that you believe that they were justified, at least to some )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (extent. For both of you, I guess, the best way to put this is, are )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (there any strategic goals of the country that you think are impor-)Tj T* 0.074 Tw (tant enough for us to adjust our human rights policy vis-a-vis some )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (country that we are trying to influence? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.4995 271 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.9788 271 Tm 0.162 Tw (. Well, I am a realist. I wouldnt deny that the )Tj -8.9979 -1 TD 0.196 Tw (United States has strategic interests other than the promotion of )Tj T* 0.354 Tw (human rights. Take the examples of Uzbekistan and Pakistan, )Tj T* 0.424 Tw (which I mentioned. After September 11th, clearly, the United )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (States needed a staging ground for engaging militarily in Afghani-)Tj T* 0.082 Tw (stan, and it would have been rather difficult to do that without the )Tj T* 0.068 Tw (cooperation of Pakistan and Uzbekistan, which border Afghanistan. )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I recognize that. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (At the same time, that should not be a reason to diminish our )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (concern about human rights violations in those countries. In fact, )Tj T* 0.118 Tw (I would argue strongly that what happened to our country on 9/11 )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (is an added argument for concern about the denial of basic liberties )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in those countries in the Islamic world. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (One of the root causes, clearly, of what hit us on September 11th )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (was the fact that there is this immense part of the world in which )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (hundreds of millions of people have absolutely no peaceful, legiti-)Tj T* 0.284 Tw (mate, democratic options for expressing their disagreement with )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00058)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 191 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 193 0 obj << /Length 4917 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (55)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.164 Tw (their governments, for expressing their frustrations, for practicing )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (their faith, even, in some places like Uzbekistan. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1096 621 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.1809 621 Tm 0.1 Tw (. How did that evolve into a decision to attack the )Tj -7.9181 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (United States? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.7596 601 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 237.2388 601 Tm 0.188 Tw (. It evolved into the creation of this movement )Tj -9.0239 -1 TD 0.304 Tw (which exists and thrives in the shadows. Look, for example, at )Tj T* 0.054 Tw (what has happened in recent elections in Pakistan. You have a gov-)Tj T* 0.118 Tw (ernment in Pakistan, led by General Musharraf, which, because of )Tj T* 0.428 Tw (its nature, because of its authoritarian nature, is particularly )Tj T* 0.212 Tw (threatened, not so much until very recently when he was almost )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (assassinated by these radical elements, not so much in the past by )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (these radical movements but primarily by the more moderate, sec-)Tj T* 0.148 Tw (ular, democratic opposition in that country. That was the primary )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (threat to General Musharraf. So he cracked down on that opposi-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (tion, to the point where when they held elections, the vote for that )Tj T* 0.342 Tw (opposition was completely suppressed, and who benefitted? The )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (most radical Islamist elements. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (Al-Qaeda doesnt need human rights to thrive. It doesnt need an )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (open society. It doesnt need free speech to be able to thrive. People )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (who need those conditions to be able to succeed and thrive are pre-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (cisely the people who are most likely to be friendly to the United )Tj T* 0.072 Tw (States, the more moderate, secular, democratic movements in these )Tj T* 0.146 Tw (countries, which are precisely the movements that have been sup-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (pressed by authoritarianism over the last 30 or 40 years. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 401 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.7009 401 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Ms. Windsor. )Tj -6.8701 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.4795 391 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.519 391 Tm 0.204 Tw (. Well, I agree, in large part, with what Tom has )Tj -7.4519 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (said. I will just say a couple of things in addition. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (One is that Freedom House, in our survey of freedom around the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (world, we are looking at governments infringements on the free-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (doms of their own populations but nonstate actors as well, and that )Tj T* 0.182 Tw (translates, in this day and age, into really being concerned about )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (what the influence of terrorists and terrorism has on the freedom )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (within a number of societies, not just our own but, frankly, in a lot )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (of these countries which have been the victims of a number of at-)Tj T* 0 Tw (tacks. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.328 Tw (So we see the fight against terrorism actually as a fight for )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (human rights and democracy because, by addressing a lot of these )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (groups and getting rid of them, you are removing a large threat, )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (we think, to freedom itself and to the practice of human rights, and )Tj T* 0.276 Tw (certainly the secular democratic opposition within a lot of these )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (countries have been the target of these extremists themselves, so )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I think that it will have a direct benefit. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (The question is, can we do it in such a way that we dont actually )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (lead to the violation of human rights? And what we have seen is, )Tj T* 0.086 Tw (not unpredictably, a number of regimes wanting to manipulate ter-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (rorism in order to really crack down on any kind of opposition to )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (their own regime, and we just need to call it when we see it and )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (not let other countries get away with it. I think that would just be )Tj T* 0 Tw (helpful. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.224 Tw (I also am a realist about that, and I think what is important, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.214 Tw (having spent a number of years in the U.S. Government, is that )Tj T* 0.308 Tw (at least democracy and human rights concerns be at the table. )Tj T* 0.102 Tw (They dont have to prevail, but somebody should be thinking about )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (what the implications might be for democracy and human rights so )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00059)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 194 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 196 0 obj << /Length 4770 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (56)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.102 Tw (that they are at least part of the overall judgment in terms of how )Tj 0 -1.04 TD 0.052 Tw (we behave toward a country. )Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.174 Tw (I also wanted to follow up on this issue of why is there resent-)Tj -1 -1.04 TD 0.254 Tw (ment against the United States, and I have written some about )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (this and thought about it a lot. I think that there are two reasons. )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (One is that there is, obviously, particularly in the Middle East, a )Tj T* 0.218 Tw (clear manipulation of the media in those countries. They are de-)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (flecting criticism against their own regime quite deliberately at the )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (United States as the cause of the problem. It is the U.S. economic )Tj T* 0.148 Tw (power or military power that is somehow causing their own popu-)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (lation to suffer, and I think, because of the lack of press freedom, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (they have been able to do that quite effectively. )Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.362 Tw (And, second, I just think that if the U.S. doesnt speak out )Tj -1 -1.04 TD 0.23 Tw (against repressive regimes in a public way, we become linked to )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (them in some way or the other, and that helps to breed resentment )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (against the United States. And so, therefore, I think more public )Tj T* 0.126 Tw (denunciations of human rights violations can help counter some of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the anti-Americanism. )Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.202 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.1296 453.8001 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.2009 453.8001 Tm 0.202 Tw (. Thank you. Thank you both very much. I have )Tj -8.0201 -1.04 TD 0.192 Tw (some other questions, but I am going to go to Mr. Sherman here )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (for his first round. )Tj 1 -1.04 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 422.6001 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.323 422.6001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. )Tj -6.4323 -1.04 TD 0.25 Tw (First, I would like unanimous consent, acting on behalf of my )Tj -1 -1.04 TD 0.386 Tw (good friend, Bill Delahunt of Massachusetts, to enter into the )Tj T* 0.252 Tw (record the statement of the Director of Government Relations of )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (Amnesty International. There are parts of this statement that I ac-)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (tually disagree with. Although I am a dues-paying member, they )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (dont always do what I ask them to do, but I would like to put it )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in the record. )Tj 1 -1.04 TD (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 339.4001 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.7009 339.4001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Without objection. )Tj -6.8701 -1.04 TD 0.156 Tw ([The information referred to was not received prior to printing.] )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6196 318.6001 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 222.683 318.6001 Tm 0.188 Tw (. I am for democracy. I am for human rights, but )Tj -7.5683 -1.04 TD 0.186 Tw (even when I am for something, I dont claim it cures tooth decay )Tj T* 0.36 Tw (or makes chocolate taste better, and there is an effort by the )Tj T* 0.056 Tw (human rights community to say human rights and democracy cures )Tj T* 0.262 Tw (terrorism and that terrorism arises because people cant express )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (themselves any other way. Keep in mind, a significant number of )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (those who killed as many Americans as they could on September )Tj T* 0.356 Tw (11th were residing in Germany, were residing in Britain, that )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (many of those who went to train in Afghanistan were residing in )Tj T* 0.33 Tw (European societies, and their chief frustration wasnt that Ger-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (many isnt democratic but, rather, that they couldnt install Sharia )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in Germany and a Sharia of the type that they wanted. )Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.074 Tw (A large number of terrorists have come from the Muslim commu-)Tj -1 -1.04 TD 0.1 Tw (nity of India, striking either at India or at the United States. Tim-)Tj T* 0.066 Tw (othy McVeigh had no particular reason to think that he didnt have )Tj T* 0.174 Tw (enough democracy. His concern was he hated equal treatment for )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (all Americans. And the Sarin gas on the subway in Tokyo was not )Tj 0 -1.03 TD 0.052 Tw (spread by those who were denied democracy. )Tj 1 -1.03 TD 0.138 Tw (Are you just saying that democracy cures terrorism because you )Tj -1 -1.03 TD 0.304 Tw (are for democracy? I mean, you are not here to say democracy )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (cures tooth decay. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00060)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 197 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 199 0 obj << /Length 5298 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (57)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.112 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.9995 641 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.4788 641 Tm 0.112 Tw (. Actually, I am not even here to say democracy )Tj -8.9479 -1.02 TD 0.238 Tw (cures terrorism, and thank you for giving me the opportunity to )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (sound a bit less simplistic. If I did at first, I apologize. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.2 Tw (Clearly, there is a group of people around the world who want )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.176 Tw (to kill each and every one of us and would want to kill each and )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (every one of us, you know, even if we succeeded in transforming )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the entire Middle East. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.094 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6796 569.6 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.743 569.6 Tm 0.094 Tw (. I think they might want to kill us because we are )Tj -7.4743 -1.02 TD 0.164 Tw (trying. The Bin Laden platform is restore the 11th century in Af-)Tj T* 0.132 Tw (ghanistan. One woman, one vote, is not part of that platform, and )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (anyone who advocates that is marked for murder. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.308 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.9595 528.8 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 238.4388 528.8 Tm 0.308 Tw (. Nevertheless, I did think it was interesting )Tj -9.1439 -1.02 TD 0.112 Tw (and at least worth noting, after September 11th, if you look at the )Tj T* 0.31 Tw (nationality of those people who flew those planes, they did not )Tj T* 0.332 Tw (come from those countries in the Arab world that have moved )Tj T* 0.058 Tw (gradually toward greater liberalization from the Bahrains, from the )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (Qatars, from Kuwait. They came largely from Saudi Arabia, from )Tj T* 0.128 Tw (Egypt, from the countries that have been most oppressive in shut-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ting down dissent. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.174 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4796 447.2 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 222.543 447.2 Tm 0.174 Tw (. Well, the population of Qatar is not large, and I )Tj -7.5543 -1.02 TD 0.088 Tw (believe that we did encounter in the training camps nationals from )Tj T* 0.382 Tw (Kuwait, nationals from Qatar. The fact that Bin Laden didnt )Tj T* 0.226 Tw (choose them for Mission Number One doesnt mean they werent )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ready to die for Bin Laden; he just didnt have them do it. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.356 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 189.4395 396.2 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 238.9188 396.2 Tm 0.356 Tw (. Perhaps. I think there is some correlation, )Tj -9.1919 -1.02 TD 0.174 Tw (which doesnt explain the entire phenomenon but which is impor-)Tj T* 0 Tw (tant. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.212 Tw (Then the second question is, what do we do about it? And the )Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (question is, can you ultimately win, or come close to winning, a war )Tj T* 0.236 Tw (on terrorism that originates in this part of the world so long as )Tj T* 0.082 Tw (these countries continue to churn out these radical, shadowy move-)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (ments, which I believe, based on our historical experience, do tend )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (to thrive and do tend to emerge, are more likely to emerge, from )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (societies in which civil society cannot emerge. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.13 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0396 294.2 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 222.103 294.2 Tm 0.13 Tw (. If the Northwest Frontier Province were an inde-)Tj -7.5103 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (pendent country, wouldnt Bin Laden win the election? )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.19 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.7795 273.8 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 237.2588 273.8 Tm 0.19 Tw (. Bin Laden would probably win an election in )Tj -9.0259 -1.02 TD 0.166 Tw (quite a few Middle Eastern countries, but we are not just talking )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (about elections, Mr. Sherman; we are talking about building soci-)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (eties in which people have the right to form societies of their own, )Tj T* 0.254 Tw (to worship freely, to form political parties. Again, if you look at )Tj T* 0.256 Tw (countries in the Middle East that have moved in that direction, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and I am sure that you agree with me that it would be a good thing )Tj T* 0.25 Tw (for more countries to move in that direction, we have had more )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (success in dealing with this problem. )Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.24 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.1396 182 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.203 182 Tm 0.24 Tw (. Let me move on to another line of questioning, )Tj -7.6203 -1.02 TD 0.19 Tw (and that is, the Bush Administration has told us that the key to )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (low-priced gasoline and an end to the conflict between the Arabs )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (and Israelis is to get a democracy in the Middle East. With the ex-)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.132 Tw (ception of conquering Iraq, can you identify any substantial action )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (that the Administration has taken, and I will put aside just one )Tj T* 0.168 Tw (thing, and that is the radio broadcasting, which I think is good)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (other than the radio broadcasting and the invasion of Iraq, is there )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00061)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 200 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 203 0 obj << /Length 5618 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (58)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.214 Tw (anything else on the list of Administration actions that will sub-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (stantially promote democracy in the Arab world? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.214 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.0195 621 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 237.4988 621 Tm 0.214 Tw (. I think we should probably both take that. I )Tj -9.0499 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (would say they have moved from zero to 10. We ought to be moving )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from zero to 80 or 100, but we started with nothing. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.8996 591 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.963 591 Tm 0.116 Tw (. So other than the radio stations and the invasion )Tj -7.4963 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (of Iraq)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.7195 571 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.1988 571 Tm 0.084 Tw (. Well, there is the Middle East Partnership Ini-)Tj -8.9199 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (tiative, which is up to $200 million, I think, now of grants and sup-)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (port for people in the region who are working on these things, ex-)Tj T* 0.268 Tw (changes, training programs, which are soft and not very threat-)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (ening but still a very good thing. There is the broadcasting. We are )Tj T* 0.318 Tw (beginning to see these issues raised in the bilateral diplomacy, )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (which is something that the United States has done with countries )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (throughout the world, except for the Middle East. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 490.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.323 490.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I was told by the Clinton Administration that they )Tj -7.4323 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (were raising these issues in the Middle East as well, particularly )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the interests of the Coptic Christians in Egypt, but)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.7195 460.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.1988 460.9999 Tm 0.084 Tw (. I have to say, having been there, it was simply )Tj -8.9199 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (not a major issue)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.4996 441 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.563 441 Tm 0.276 Tw (. So you think that this Administration is doing )Tj -7.6563 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (more for the Cops, the Coptic Christians,I want that to appear )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (on the record correctlyit is not a police issue. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.0795 411 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.5588 411 Tm 0.12 Tw (. I am willing to say, as someone who served in )Tj -8.9559 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (the last Administration, that it is more, but it is not nearly enough. )Tj T* 0.236 Tw (I want to give credit where credit is due, but I think it is baby )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (steps where we need much greater steps. )Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.2596 371 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.323 371 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I would just ask Ms. Windsor. )Tj -6.4323 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.0595 360.9999 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.099 360.9999 Tm 0.162 Tw (. Yes. Well, if I could just quickly address the ter-)Tj -7.4099 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (rorism issue, though you cant do it very quickly, I dont think that )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (we can say that the lack of democracy causes terrorism, just like )Tj T* 0.212 Tw (we cant say that poverty causes terrorism. Those kind of simple )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (relationships really dont help to explain it. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (I would add to this, and we do quite a bit of thinking about this )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (within Freedom House, that extremist ideologies, either religious or )Tj T* 0.116 Tw (not, seem to actually come up with remarkably the same patterns, )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (and there are some very interesting arguments and analyses that )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (I have seen that says that a lot of the arguments that are being )Tj T* 0.562 Tw (put forward by the Muslim Brotherhood, in fact, originated )Tj T* 0.078 Tw (amongst some of the terrorist groups, fascist and other, in Italy. So )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (I think that maybe explains the masterminds of terrorism. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.094 Tw (I think the issue is, at least for me and the connection to democ-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (racy, is that of the recruits. Why do we have so many people that )Tj T* 0.232 Tw (are willing to go and blow themselves up? And that, I think, is, )Tj T* 0.092 Tw (frankly, they dont seem to have an alternative. What role does de-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mocracy play in that? )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3596 180.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 222.423 180.9999 Tm 0.162 Tw (. When you say an alternative, an alternative to )Tj -7.5423 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (live a happy, nonpolitical life or a methodology of achieving their )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (political aims without using bombs? )Tj 1 -1 TD (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.9595 150.9999 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 219.999 150.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Both. )Tj -6.2999 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (Mr. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.4596 140.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HERMAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.523 140.9999 Tm 0.072 Tw (. Because the Saudis, and there were 15 of them on )Tj -7.4523 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (those planes, they certainly could have lived middle-class or upper-)Tj T* 0.128 Tw (class lives far beyond the average person on this planet. You have )Tj T* 0.214 Tw (got four or five billion people, maybe six billion, you have got at )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00062)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 204 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 206 0 obj << /Length 4804 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (59)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.234 Tw (least five billion people on this planet who live worse lives than )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.336 Tw (those Saudis could have lived, so the poverty aint the answer )Tj T* 0 Tw (there. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.178 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 188.2195 611 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 221.259 611 Tm 0.178 Tw (. Well, we could have an discussion on that, but I )Tj -7.4259 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (think that usually what motivates people to action is their source )Tj T* 0.172 Tw (of relative well being relative to other people next to them, and I )Tj T* 0.076 Tw (would actually argue that, again, I am not an expert on Saudi Ara-)Tj T* 0.176 Tw (bia, that what you have seen is actually restriction in the wealth )Tj T* 0.138 Tw (that has been available and distributed not necessarily among the )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (royal family but perhaps the sort of outskirts of the royal family, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and so they havent had as much goodies to sort of give out. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (Second, I would say that there is a sense in all of us when there )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (is a lot of change in the world, and you have a globalization of in-)Tj T* 0.152 Tw (formation and life, what do you believe in, and people are looking )Tj T* 0.226 Tw (for something to believe in, and here is a ready-made, simplistic )Tj T* 0.152 Tw (sense of if you follow this, this is going to make a better life, and )Tj T* 0.262 Tw (I think that that has been a tremendously powerful alternative, )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (and I think that we can say that democracy, not alone, but cer-)Tj T* 0.066 Tw (tainly could make governments that are more accountable, more le-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (gitimate, and more responsive to the needs of their own population, )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (and I think that would help to at least reduce the recruits of ter-)Tj T* 0.148 Tw (rorism. I know that it perhaps is too soft, but I think it is an im-)Tj T* 0.124 Tw (portant complement to a strategy that is primarily related to mili-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tarily conquering terrorists. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (On the second thing, in terms of what the Administration has )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (done, I will credit the MEPI, and, again, I used to work for USAID, )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (so I can tell you that there are very few resources going to actually )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (promote civil-society groups, free media, et cetera, and I think the )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (fact that more resources are being made available can make a dif-)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (ference if those resources are actually strategically utilized, and I )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (think some of the initial grants that have been made are encour-)Tj T* 0 Tw (aging. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.244 Tw (I am still skeptical as to whether the Administration is really )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (ready to go the next step with the additional resources in terms of )Tj T* 0.184 Tw (where it is going to put money, and I think that that money can )Tj T* 0.196 Tw (only be effective if it is also accompanied by policy dialogue with )Tj T* 0.178 Tw (the government. Again, I have seen a lot of democracy assistance )Tj T* 0.216 Tw (that has been great projects, but if one part of the U.S. Govern-)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (ment is telling that government that it doesnt really matter what )Tj T* 0.214 Tw (they do in their judicial system; you have just go to get the bad )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (guys in any way that you can, that is going to drown out whatever )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (voices that our money can give to civil society and the media. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.082 Tw (And I do think that, while it has not been enough, the comments )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (of the President of the United States about human rights in Tuni-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (sia were remarkable, not enough but remarkable. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (And then I would last say that, while I criticize the Administra-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.258 Tw (tion on Egypt, the fact is that this Administration did weigh in )Tj T* 0.1 Tw (quite forcefully in the Saad Eddin Ibrahim, and they were success-)Tj T* 0.328 Tw (ful. They were actually willing to withhold some money to the )Tj T* 0.122 Tw (Egyptian government. Granted, it was new money and not the ad-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ditional money, but it got the Egyptian governments attention. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (The last thing I would say is, actually, dont believe that govern-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.128 Tw (ments dont really care about this because Freedom House criteria )Tj T* 0.136 Tw (are now being used in determining Millennium Challenge Account )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00063)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 207 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 209 0 obj << /Length 4870 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (60)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.244 Tw (recipients. I have probably met with 20 government officials, in-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (cluding a number of from the Middle East, who come to find out )Tj T* 0.176 Tw (exactly what we think is wrong with them and what they can do )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (to make some gains. They dont have to come to us. We are not the )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (U.S. Government, but they clearly want to try to state their case. )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (Now, it remains to be seen whether it is just rhetoric and sort of )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (political liberalization without real change, but I see it as an en-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (couraging sign. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0696 561 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.141 561 Tm 0.096 Tw (. I think that this discussion has been really quite )Tj -7.9141 -1 TD 0.234 Tw (interesting and rewarding in many ways, certainly elucidative of )Tj T* 0.154 Tw (this situation. So, therefore, I would like to continue a little bit. I )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (know that it is getting a little bit late, but some of your comments )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (have certainly prompted some thoughts on my part. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (Let us go to this issue of terrorism, the underpinnings of it, the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (genesis of it. If, in fact, this were a new phenomenon, we could )Tj T* 0.212 Tw (then, I think, look at everything that is happening today around )Tj T* 0.21 Tw (the world and try to draw some conclusion as to exactly what is )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (causing it. Of course, it is not, especially Islamic terrorism. This is )Tj T* 0.242 Tw (nothing really new at all. Now, we have had periods over many )Tj T* 0.224 Tw (centuries, really, of large numbers of terrorist movements within )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Islam, I would say, and then some periods of decline in that. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (When you look at that, dont you come away with the thought )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (that when Islam is a dominant and successful sort of system, you )Tj T* 0.204 Tw (know, governmental as well as religious system, it seems to sub-)Tj T* 0.142 Tw (side? When the Caliphs were in charge, and everything was going )Tj T* 0.08 Tw (well, we really didnt face this kind of thing. The West did not. But )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (when it goes into decline, then there is this feeling of perhaps some )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (sort of inferiority vis-a-vis the West, and you see the rise of the )Tj T* 0.292 Tw (Brotherhood, the Muslim Brotherhood in the twenties in Egypt, )Tj T* 0.072 Tw (and it is the same thing. It does seem to me that there is that kind )Tj T* (of connection, if you look at it over a long period of time, that there )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (is something that happens. It is an attack against modernity. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (I remember something that we were told in a hearing probably )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (several months ago. I think it was in either a book or on the Web )Tj T* 0.074 Tw (site, Al-Jazeera, or even an al-Qaeda Web site, where someone who )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (was a terrorist later committed suicide, was part of a suicide bomb-)Tj T* 0.238 Tw (ing, wrote a diary, and part of this diary was an explanation of )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (why he was doing what he was doing and why he believed every-)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (one who follows his faith had to. And he said that essentially the )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (West, the existence of the West, the nature of the West, democracy, )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (giving people greater freedom, it turns their head away from essen-)Tj T* 0.298 Tw (tially the spiritual nature of man and would, therefore, destroy )Tj T* 0.156 Tw (Islam. So it is exactly who we are and what we are that they de-)Tj T* 0 Tw (spise. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.286 Tw (I guess I would just ask you to respond, either one, to those )Tj -1 -1 TD 0 Tw (thoughts. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.9795 180.9999 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 220.019 180.9999 Tm 0.054 Tw (. Well, I just think it is worth remembering that the )Tj -7.3019 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (majority of the worlds Muslims actually live in democracies of one )Tj T* 0.108 Tw (sort or the other, ranging from Hizb-ut Tahrir. I have seen similar )Tj T* 0.292 Tw (descriptions, and certainly I would say that is why we see ter-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (rorism as a major threat to freedom because it is pretty clear from )Tj T* 0.186 Tw (Web sites of al-Qaeda, Hisb-ut Tahrir in Central Asia and others )Tj T* 0.104 Tw (that they really are antidemocracy and human rights because they )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (really dont believe in the rule of law; they believe in Gods law. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00064)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 210 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 212 0 obj << /Length 4970 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (61)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.248 Tw (But, of course, to me, it is all a ruse for saying who is inter-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.242 Tw (preting Gods law, and there is a multitude of interpretations of )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Islam throughout the Muslim world,)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 611 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.7009 611 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Of course. )Tj -6.8701 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (Ms. W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.1595 601 Tm 0 Tw (INDSOR)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.699 601 Tm 0.072 Tw ([continuing]. And there are usually a few men, and )Tj -7.6699 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (I would say men, that seek to be the interpreter of what it means, )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (and they are using that and manipulating peoples religious beliefs, )Tj T* 0.146 Tw (genuine religious beliefs, to try to get themselves into an absolute )Tj T* 0.084 Tw (system of rules. And you look at the case of Iran and what the Ira-)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (nian people are beginning to feel, and even those Iranians that are )Tj T* 0.224 Tw (most religious agree that this is the wrong system for Iran. You )Tj T* 0.094 Tw (just simply cannot have an Islamic system that actually takes care )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of its own population. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.142 Tw (So I would agree that the Islamists are antidemocracy, but that )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (doesnt mean that we shouldnt think about how we can use demo-)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (cratic tools and methods to complement other methods to try to )Tj T* 0.164 Tw (counter their influence, and I think we really havent tried it yet. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (I agree that we should all have doubt, and I dont think this Ad-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (ministration or any other one is just going to use democracy as its )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (only tool against terrorism, but I think we really should give it a )Tj T* 0 Tw (try. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (Mr. M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.8595 431 Tm 0 Tw (ALINOWSKI)Tj 10 0 0 10 236.3388 431 Tm 0.098 Tw (. I think one interesting thing that we shouldnt )Tj -8.9339 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (lose sight of is that we are dealing, in terms of the hardcore, com-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (mitted haters in the region, with a minority. If you look at the pub-)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (lic opinion polls that, for example, the Pew Foundation has done )Tj T* 0.192 Tw (of people throughout the Middle East, from Morocco to Jordan to )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (Kuwait to Egypt, throughout the region, the vast majority of re-)Tj T* 0.158 Tw (spondents in every country say that they desperately want to live )Tj T* 0.132 Tw (in a society where people have the right to choose their leaders in )Tj T* 0.248 Tw (free elections, where newspapers have the right to publish what )Tj T* 0.194 Tw (they want, where people can speak freely, where civilians control )Tj T* 0.188 Tw (the military. All of these basic institutions of democracy are very )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (eagerly desired by majorities of people in the region. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (One of the problems, though, that the same polls reveal is that )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (these same people, when they are asked the question, Do you like )Tj T* 0.158 Tw (American ideas about democracy? they say no. So they do. When )Tj T* 0.276 Tw (you ask them about American ideas about democracy, they love )Tj T* 0.062 Tw (them, but then when you ask the question about the United States, )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (they say, Oh, no. Of course, not.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (So we have this problem where people dont associate the United )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (States with the values that the United States preaches, and that )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (is what we have to overcome. And one reason for that is very legiti-)Tj T* 0.068 Tw (mate, that in the past, we simply havent been preaching those val-)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (ues in those countries. We have been associated, as Ms. Windsor )Tj T* 0.064 Tw (has said, with the governments that are repressing people, that are )Tj T* 0.282 Tw (denying people their democratic liberties, and that is something )Tj T* 0.124 Tw (that we have to overcome in order to overcome this credibility gap )Tj T* 0.096 Tw (that we have in the region. And I think that is a hugely important )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (challenge before this Administration as it pursues this initiative. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (Mr. T)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.0296 150.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ANCREDO)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.101 150.9999 Tm 0.192 Tw (. Well, this has been really very interesting, and )Tj -8.0101 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (I sincerely appreciate your testimony. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (The record will remain open for 5 days for Members to submit )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.178 Tw (statements and questions to witnesses, and thank you again very )Tj T* 0.052 Tw (much, and we are adjourned. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00065)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 213 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 215 0 obj << /Length 430 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (62)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw ([Whereupon, at 4:55 p.m., the hearing was adjourned.] )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00066)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6601)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 216 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 218 0 obj << /Length 6162 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 298.88 111 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (\(63\))Tj 12 0 0 12 259.26 587 Tm 0.0533 Tw (A P P E N D I X )Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 281 563.6 m 331 563.6 l S BT 10 0 0 10 191.56 543.3 Tm 0 Tw (M)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 200.9998 543.3 Tm (ATERIAL)Tj 10 0 0 10 241.3313 543.3 Tm (S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 247.6312 543.3 Tm [(UBMITTED)-412.5(FOR)-412.5(THE)]TJ 10 0 0 10 338.418 543.3 Tm (H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 346.7478 543.3 Tm (EARING)Tj 10 0 0 10 383.3753 543.3 Tm (R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 390.5952 543.3 Tm (ECORD)Tj 8 0 0 8 157.94 523.2 Tm (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 163.2759 523.2 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 198.2679 523.2 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 203.3078 523.2 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)-412.5(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 272.623 523.2 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 279.2868 523.2 Tm (ONORABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 319.8532 523.2 Tm (D)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 326.0771 523.2 Tm (AN)Tj 8 0 0 8 338.5539 523.2 Tm (B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 344.3298 523.2 Tm (URTON)Tj 8 0 0 8 368.6306 523.2 Tm (, )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 373.4985 523.2 Tm (A)Tj 8 0 0 8 380.7593 523.2 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 386.5352 523.2 Tm [(EPRESENTATIVE)-412.5(IN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 454.0008 523.2 Tm ( )Tj -27.7601 -1.0125 TD (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 237.6959 515.1 Tm [(ONGRESS)-412.5(FROM)-412.5(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 312.2271 515.1 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 317.267 515.1 Tm [(TATE)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 349.5742 515.1 Tm (I)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 352.8301 515.1 Tm (NDIANA)Tj 8 0 0 8 380.0877 515.1 Tm ( )Tj -28.136 -1.6375 TD 0.29 Tw (Mr. Chairman, thank you for holding this hearing this afternoon. Respect for )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.165 Tw (Human Rights at its core boils down to a respect for human life. And I know Mr. )Tj T* 0.2325 Tw (Chairman that you, I, and many others in the Congress have great respect, and )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (place a high value, on human life. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.1475 Tw (Respect for human rights throughout the world has been at the core of U.S. for-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0525 Tw (eign policy for many years. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.145 Tw (The yearly release of the State Departments Country Reports on Human Rights )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1425 Tw (Practices is an occasion for Congress and the Administration to assess the state of )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (human freedom around the world and the challenges faced by those seeking to im-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (prove it. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.19 Tw (The report also offers us an opportunity to publicize violations and advocate on )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1 Tw (behalf of victims. Because of the United States unique position in the international )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (community, we have an obligation and responsibility to speak out on behalf of inter-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (national human rights standards. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.21 Tw (However, one area where we have perhaps not spoken out aggressively enough )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.16 Tw (is the systematic violations of human rights taking place in Jammu and Kashmir, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the disputed territory between India and Pakistan. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD (India is often referred to as the worlds largest democracy. But the people of Kash-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.095 Tw (mir have not been a part of that democracy for the last 57 years. They are an occu-)Tj T* 0.075 Tw (pied people, and the Indian Governments massive human rights violations in Kash-)Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (mir are well-documented, deplorable and should be strongly condemned by this Con-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (gress and this Administration. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.1675 Tw (Many of the most respected human rights organizations in the worldincluding )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.235 Tw (Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Asia Watch and Freedom House)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (have issued reports over the years detailing the abuse of Kashmiri civilians by In-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (dian military forces and paramilitary groups aligned with them. )Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.1125 Tw (The details of these reports are both gruesome and saddening. Gang-rapes by In-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.18 Tw (dian soldiers of Kashmiri womenrapes perpetrated against both young girls and )Tj T* 0.2375 Tw (older womenoften in front of their children. Summary executions, arbitrary ar-)Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (rests, disappearances, and torture are the tactics routinely employed by Indian sol-)Tj T* 0.265 Tw (diers. Men, women and even children have been beaten senseless, given electric )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (shocks or had their limbs crushed by heavy rollers by paid agents of the State. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (According to the State Departments own 2003 Human Rights Report, Indian au-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (thorities often used torture during interrogations. In other instances, authorities )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (tortured detainees simply to extort money and sometimes as summary punishment. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (In short, India has institutionalized the use of terror in its campaign to suppress )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.095 Tw (the people of Kashmir, placing India, which captured the worlds moral imagination )Tj T* (with Gandhis nonviolent struggle for freedom, in the unflattering company of coun-)Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (tries like, North Korea, Cuba, Libya, and Iraq under the dictatorship of Saddam )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (Hussein; countries that have never cringed from using deadly force to keep their un-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (happy subjects in line. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2425 Tw (Kashmir has been the key to tensions between India and Pakistan since their )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (independence from the British in 1947. Each country claims Kashmir as a part of )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (its territory and the two countries have gone to war over the region several times. )Tj T* 0.135 Tw (Most recently, the two countries stood on the brink of a nuclear exchange over the )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (region in 2001. India still deploys approximately 600,000 to 700,000 soldiers in the )Tj T* 0.215 Tw (region. That represents approximately one-half of Indias standing army, and one )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (solider for every 4 Kashmiris. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00067)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 219 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 221 0 obj << /Length 8488 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (64)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.0725 Tw (Apart from our Nations historic respect for Human Rights, The specter of nuclear )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (war over Kashmir should spur this Nation to speak out and stop the conflict. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1475 Tw (I am encouraged that senior officials from Pakistan and India began peace talks )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.09 Tw (in Islamabad on February 1618. This initial round of talks have produced what of-)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (ficials call a road map for peace, setting a six-month schedule for discussions on )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (a range of issues, including the longstanding dispute over Kashmir. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.11 Tw (However, the enthusiasm for peace should not overwhelm the need to confront in )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.185 Tw (the light of day, the brutal legacy of 57 years of flagrant human rights violations )Tj T* 0.055 Tw (in the region. Respect for human rights must be at the center of any effort to resolve )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the Kashmir conflict or the cycle of repression and violence will only escalate. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.21 Tw (As Chairman of the Government Reform Committees Subcommittee on Human )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1275 Tw (Rights and Wellness I fully intend to hold a hearing in the near future to examine )Tj T* (in more detail the human rights situation in Kashmir. But I appreciate having the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (opportunity today to bring this issue to the forefront. )Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 281 532.9 m 331 532.9 l S BT 8 0 0 8 147 516.7999 Tm 0 Tw (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 152.7759 516.7999 Tm [(ESPONSES)-718.8(FROM)-718.8(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 236.5086 516.7999 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 243.1725 516.7999 Tm (ONORABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 285.6989 516.7999 Tm (L)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 291.0348 516.7999 Tm (ORNE)Tj 8 0 0 8 315.0716 516.7999 Tm 0.2975 Tw (W. 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P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 172.0197 493.0999 Tm 0 Tw (ITTS)Tj 8 0 0 8 187.1941 493.0999 Tm (, )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 193.1021 493.0999 Tm (A)Tj 8 0 0 8 201.4029 493.0999 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 207.1788 493.0999 Tm [(EPRESENTATIVE)-575(IN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 279.3643 493.0999 Tm (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 285.1402 493.0999 Tm [(ONGRESS)-575(FROM)-575(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 362.7914 493.0999 Tm (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 368.5673 493.0999 Tm [(OMMONWEALTH)-575(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 441.8217 493.0999 Tm (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 447.1575 493.0999 Tm (ENN)Tj 8 0 0 8 462.2103 493.0999 Tm (-)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 155 485.2 Tm (SYLVANIA)Tj 8 0 0 8 189.4895 485.2 Tm ( )Tj /F8 1 Tf -5.3112 -1.6125 TD (Question: )Tj 1 -1.2375 TD 0.1725 Tw (Please explain whether or not there has been a comprehensive, detailed study re-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1375 Tw (garding the impact of U.S. sanctions on those working in the sex trade as compiled )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (by the U.S. Embassy in Rangoon? )Tj 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.2375 TD 0.13 Tw (Women regrettably continue to enter the sex trade or fall victim to trafficking in )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD (Burma and across the countrys borders because of the juntas tyranny and its bla-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (tant mismanagement and manipulation of the once rich Burmese economy. Over the )Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (last several decades, the economic policies of the Burmese government have reduced )Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (the economy to a shambles. Furthermore, over 40 U.S. companies voluntarily cut )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (ties to Burma before the sanctions legislation due to their serious concerns about )Tj T* 0.355 Tw (the human rights situation and the economic conditions in the country. When )Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (Burma is a democracy and the people are allowed to begin developing the economy )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (instead of being oppressed by the government, then womens economic opportunities )Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (will expand and the human rights conditions under which they live will improve. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1075 Tw (Due to the restrictions on freedom of movement and information in Burma, there )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0975 Tw (has not been a comprehensive, detailed study done by the U.S. Government regard-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ing the impact of U.S. sanctions on the sex trade. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1475 Tw (Burma was designated as a Tier 3 country before our sanctions went into effect. )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0625 Tw (As to the extent of the trafficking problem in Burma, we refer you to our Trafficking )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in Persons Report. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.2375 TD 0.1025 Tw (What concern has the US Government expressed to the Government of India in re-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0625 Tw (lation to: the issues of discrimination against the Dalits, the trend of religious repres-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (sion, particularly with state governments enacting laws which restrict religious activ-)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (ity including conversion, and the remaining issues from the 2002 attacks against the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Muslims in Gujarat? )Tj 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.2425 Tw (We are concerned about the Gujarat riots and their aftermath, anti-conversion )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2925 Tw (laws, and discrimination against Dalits. These issues are reported in the Inter-)Tj T* (national Religious Freedom Report and the Human Rights Report for 2002 and )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (2003. Human rights, including religious freedom, are top priorities of the U.S. Gov-)Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (ernment. We urge India to protect all of its citizens, regardless of religion or social )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (class, in keeping with basic democratic principles. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.3275 Tw (In the months following the Gujarat riots, Department of State officials con-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0775 Tw (demned the killings and violence. U.S. consulate officials in Mumbai visited Gujarat )Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (regularly to meet with Government of Gujarat officials, investigate refugee camps )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (and monitor elections. Our Consul General in Mumbai traveled to Gujarat on two )Tj T* 0.245 Tw (separate occasions \(most recently this January\) to discuss communal issues with )Tj T* 0.315 Tw (Gujarat Governor Banderi and Chief Minister Narendra Modi. A representative )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (from the Office of International Religious Freedom met with senior Government of )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (Gujarat officials, including the Chief of Police, to discuss ongoing needs for protec-)Tj T* 0.265 Tw (tion of the Muslim community, as well as police staffing, training, and account-)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (ability, and the misuse of the Prevention of Terrorism Act \(POTA\) by police in hold-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00068)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 222 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 224 0 obj << /Length 7620 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (65)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.2425 Tw (ing Muslim youths without charge. Embassy officers in New Delhi met with the )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (Chairman of the Government of Indias National Human Rights Commission to dis-)Tj T* 0.2525 Tw (cuss the Best Bakery case in Gujarat. We continue to monitor the trials and to )Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (maintain contact with religious leaders, human rights activists, journalists, families )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (of victims, and others, in addition to Government of India officials. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.3025 Tw (In the last year and a half, two states have introduced anti-conversion laws: )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0825 Tw (Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. U.S. consulate officials in Chennai and Mumbai discussed )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (with Tamil Nadu and Gujarat officials their respective anti-conversion legislations. )Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (A representative from the Office of International Religious Freedom traveled to both )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (states and relayed to government officials that the proposed anti-conversion bills )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (were in violation of Indias international commitments, including the International )Tj T* 0.2575 Tw (Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In addition, the religious freedom officer )Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (talked with Government of Gujarat officials and the Gujarat Chief of Police about )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (unlawful and intimidating polls taken of Christians by police in the months leading )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (up to the passage of the Gujarat anti-conversion legislation. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2675 Tw (Dalits have been discussed many times in the context of anti-conversion bills, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (USAID programs, affirmative action, and minority rights. The practice of untouch-)Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (ability, which affects scheduled and lower castes, including Dalits, and scheduled )Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (tribes, was officially declared unlawful by the Constitution of 1950 and the 1955 )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (Civil Rights Act. Despite the promise of this legal reform, Indias social structure )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (has changed little and the practice has remained widespread. Although these sched-)Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (uled castes, including Dalits, and scheduled tribes, who account for 24% of the popu-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (lation, are entitled to affirmative action and hiring quotas in employment, benefits )Tj T* (from special development funds, and special training programs, they still face edu-)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (cational and job discrimination, as well as severe social ostracism. Many Dalits con-)Tj T* 0.175 Tw (tinue to be relegated to separate villages or neighborhoods and to low paying and )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (undesirable occupations such as scavenging, street sweeping, and removing human )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (waste and dead animals. They often are prohibited from using the same wells, from )Tj T* 0.22 Tw (attending the same temples as caste Hindus, and face segregation in housing, in )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (land ownership, on roads, and on buses. Dalits tend to be malnourished and illit-)Tj T* 0.2075 Tw (erate; moreover, they tend to lack access to health care. 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Has the regime done anything )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (such as issuing an explicit order to cease the raping of women by their military and )Tj T* 0 Tw (surrogates? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.31 Tw (NGOs continue to report that the Burmese military uses rape against ethnic )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (Shan, Karen, Mon, Karenni, Chin, and Tavoyan women in an extensive pattern of )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (abuse, including in areas where ceasefire agreements have been signed between the )Tj T* 0.2075 Tw (SPDC and ethnic groups. We have no information that the Burmese Government )Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (has issued an explicit order to cease the practice, despite continued international )Tj T* 0.125 Tw (pressure on the Government to allow an independent assessment of the allegations )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (and to take appropriate actions to prevent further rapes and other sexual abuses )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (by the military. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.2075 Tw (Im also concerned about Thailands increasing support for Burmas military re-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (gime, and how this might affect the human rights situation inside the country. Is )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (it true that Thailand is blocking humanitarian organizations from sending aid into )Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (the Karen state in Burma where there is a war going on and hundreds of thousands )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (of people have been forced to flee from their homes? )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00069)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 225 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 227 0 obj << /Length 7854 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (66)Tj /F8 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.2625 TD 0.18 Tw (We are deeply concerned about the thousands of internally displaced persons in )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1225 Tw (Karen state. Thailand continues to allow international organizations to provide hu-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (manitarian assistance to Burmese fleeing repression in Burma. Some projects oper-)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (ating along the Thailand-Burma border, including health and educational programs, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (provide spillover benefits to those still in Burma. These activities continue. )Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 281 589.1 m 331 589.1 l S BT 8 0 0 8 147 572.8 Tm 0 Tw (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 152.7759 572.8 Tm [(ESPONSES)-428.1(FROM)-428.1(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 230.9286 572.8 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 237.5925 572.8 Tm (ONORABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 278.2589 572.8 Tm (L)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 283.5948 572.8 Tm (ORNE)Tj 8 0 0 8 305.7716 572.8 Tm 0.065 Tw (W. 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Under Sharia law, flogging, amputation of )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (limbs and execution by stoning are all just punishments for persons found in viola-)Tj T* 0.055 Tw (tion of religious law. It is clear that the status of human rights, especially for women, )Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (under Sharia law can be easily compromised where rape can be interpreted as adul-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.165 Tw (tery and an unwed mother can be sentenced to death. Yet, Sharia law remains an )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (overwhelming influence in daily life for millions of women around the world. With )Tj T* 0.5525 Tw (the United States promoting human rights around the worldespecially for )Tj T* 0.215 Tw (womenit is important that we engage the Islamic world in a respectful manner, )Tj T* 0.24 Tw (but clearly not accepting the violations of human rights committed under Sharia )Tj T* 0 Tw (law. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0775 Tw (Mr. Secretary, while the U.S. Government clearly respects religion, how does it rec-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.055 Tw (oncile violations of human rightsespecially against womencommitted in the name )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (of Sharia law and fundamentalist Islamic beliefs? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.2825 Tw (President Bush has said, We have no intention of imposing our culture. But )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (America will always stand firm for the non-negotiable demands of human dignity: )Tj T* (the rule of law; limits on the power of the state; respect for women; private prop-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (erty; free speech; equal justice, and religious tolerance.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1225 Tw (Secretary Powell has said, The worldwide advancement of womens issues is not )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1725 Tw (only in keeping with the deeply held values of the American people; it is strongly )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (in our national interest as well)Tj 14.6868 0 TD 0.555 Tc 0 Tw [(....)555( )]TJ 3.14 0 TD 0 Tc 0.085 Tw (Womens issues are human rights issues)Tj 19.1297 0 TD 0.555 Tc 0 Tw [(....)555( )]TJ -36.9565 -1 TD 0 Tc 0.1925 Tw (We as a world community cannot even begin to tackle the array of problems and )Tj T* 0.17 Tw (challenges confronting us without the full and equal participation of women in all )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (aspects of life.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (We have numerous programs that benefit women around the globe. For example, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (on March 8, Secretary Powell announced a $10 million Iraqi Womens Democracy )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (Initiative to train Iraqi women in the skills and practices of democratic public life. )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (The overarching goal is to strengthen womens advocacy skills in Iraq by providing )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (mentoring and directing resources where they are most needed so Iraqi women can )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (direct their own future. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.215 Tw (Dr. Paula Dobriansky, Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs, has focused )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1075 Tw (particular attention on Afghanistan as Co-Chair of the U.S.-Afghan Womens Coun-)Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (cil. In my Bureau, we administer the Human Rights and Democracy Fund, using )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (it to fund regional projects in the Near East that train non-governmental organiza-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tions on political participation, political party development, and womens issues. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1775 Tw (The United States supports and urges all States to protect the human rights of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.235 Tw (ALL individuals, including those States that have incorporated Sharia into their )Tj T* 0.19 Tw (legal systems. It is our view that basic human rights, including religious freedom )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (and womens rights, are universal. It is our firm belief that Islam, democracy and )Tj T* 0.355 Tw (human rights are not incompatible. We reject any interpretation of Islam and )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (Sharia that is used to justify the violation of the human rights of men or women. )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (Application of Sharia is not uniform across the Arab or Muslim world. Interpreta-)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (tions of Sharia vary, and penalties for certain crimessuch as adulterycan be se-)Tj T* 0 Tw (vere. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.3325 Tw (Our new report, )Tj /F8 1 Tf 8.6824 0 TD (Supporting Human Rights and Democracy: The U.S. Record )Tj -9.6824 -1 TD 0 Tw (20032004)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.9479 0 TD 0.085 Tw (, details many initiatives we are developing to address human rights con-)Tj -4.9479 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (cerns. That volume, along with the annual )Tj /F8 1 Tf 20.5582 0 TD (Country Reports on Human Rights Prac-)Tj -20.5582 -1 TD 0 Tw (tices)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.017 0 TD 0.13 Tw (, the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 2.594 0 TD (Report on International Religious Freedom)Tj /F1 1 Tf 20.2187 0 TD (, and the )Tj /F8 1 Tf 4.7429 0 TD (Report on Trafficking )Tj -29.5726 -1 TD 0.1525 Tw (in Persons )Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.3589 0 TD (\(all of which can be found on the Internet at )Tj /F8 1 Tf 22.1187 0 TD 0 Tw (www.state.gov)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6.6119 0 TD 0.1525 Tw (\) provides a )Tj -34.0895 -1 TD 0.2575 Tw (comprehensive picture of the U.S. Governments concerns and actions in the ad-)Tj T* 0.125 Tw (vancement of human rights around the world, including issues of religious freedom )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and womens rights. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00070)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 228 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 230 0 obj << /Length 6430 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (67)Tj /F8 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm (Question: )Tj 1 -1.2625 TD 0.0525 Tw (How do our policies promote human rights for women in countries like Nigeria and )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD (Saudi Arabia? )Tj 0 -1.5125 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.2625 TD 0.1975 Tw (Secretary Powell has said that, The worldwide advancement of womens issues )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.245 Tw (is not only in keeping with the deeply held values of the American people; it is )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (strongly in our national interest as well. In todays world, any American Secretary )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (of State, male or female, must pay attention to the issues affecting the rights and )Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (well being of womenover half the worlds population. Womens issues affect not )Tj T* 0.23 Tw (only women; they have profound implications for all humankind. Womens issues )Tj T* 0.2675 Tw (are human rights issues)Tj 11.9883 0 TD 0.555 Tc 0 Tw [(....)555( )]TJ 3.3225 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2675 Tw (We, as a world community, cannot even begin to )Tj -15.3108 -1 TD 0.2625 Tw (tackle the array of problems and challenges confronting us without the full and )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (equal participation of women in all aspects of life.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.115 Tw (Under Secretary Dobriansky has said, Ensuring womens rights benefits individ-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.5 Tw (uals and their families, strengthens democracy, bolsters prosperity, enhances )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (human rights and advances religious tolerance. It is at the core of building a civil, )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (law-abiding society, which is an indispensable prerequisite for true democracy. The )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (advancement of issues of concern to women has been a long-standing American goal. )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (This Administration has intensified that pursuit.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2775 Tw (Specifically with regard to Nigeria, we have funded a Democracy and Human )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (Rights Fund project to support the eradication of female genital mutilation. We have )Tj T* 0.3625 Tw (had a vigorous International Visitor Program that has focused on empowering )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (women, anti-trafficking and Islam in America. The US Agency for International De-)Tj T* 0.115 Tw (velopment has had programs for a wide range of civil society organizations to train )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (womens groups to address the numerous communal and religious conflicts that con-)Tj T* 0.055 Tw (tinue to occur. We have funded a program to harmonize regional anti-trafficking leg-)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (islation and law enforcement responses to trafficking in persons. We had an ESF )Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (program supporting two rehabilitation centers that are critical links in the victim-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (rehabilitation pipeline. The Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration has fund-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ed an HIV/AIDs component to the rehabilitation program for trafficking victims. The )Tj T* (Department of Labor provides funding for the ILOs Program to Eliminate the Worst )Tj T* (Forms of Child Labor. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (We have been very concerned about the recent Nigerian cases of Sfiya Hussaini )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.075 Tw (and Amina Lawal, both originally sentenced to death by stoning, under Sharia Law, )Tj T* 0.125 Tw (for adultery. We followed these cases very closely as they moved through the Nige-)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (rian court system, and welcomed the March 2002 and September 2003 court rulings )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (that acquitted Hussaini and Lawal and reaffirmed the role of evidentiary procedure )Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (and due process in administering Sharia law in Nigeria. We also welcomed state-)Tj T* 0.105 Tw (ment by President Obasanjo and other high-ranking Nigerian officials that no ston-)Tj T* 0.26 Tw (ing sentences will be implemented, but we remain disturbed that discriminatory )Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (laws remain in place in Nigeria and elsewhere. We will continue to discuss the ap-)Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (plication of Sharia with the Nigerian government on issues of religious freedom and )Tj T* 0.4025 Tw (human rights. Internationally recognized human rights standards must be re-)Tj T* 0 Tw (spected. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1325 Tw (Regarding Saudi Arabia, I visited Saudi Arabia in July of 2003 to raise concerns )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (about human rights and political reform, including the status of women. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2225 Tw (The Middle East Partnership Initiative \(MEPI\) is the Administrations primary )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (mechanism to support our diplomacy in a forward strategy for freedom in the Mid-)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (dle East. Representatives from the government and private sector have participated )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (in several MEPI regional programs, on subjects including judicial reform, women, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and the law. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1925 Tw (The Saudis participated in a program sponsored by my Bureau that provided a )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1175 Tw (regional training academy for NGOs on political participation, political party devel-)Tj T* 0.215 Tw (opment, women and the media in Yemen. We have had a public affairs outreach )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (program to Saudi women leaders, including many journalists. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (To address the problem of trafficking in persons and worker rights, the Saudi )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0575 Tw (Government has implemented programs at the Embassys urging to inform incoming )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (workers of their rights and recourse should they be subjected to abuse when they )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (receive visas to travel to Saudi Arabia and upon arrival. We have discussed long-)Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (term means of improving the legal rights of foreign laborers under Saudi law. We )Tj T* 0.09 Tw (are encouraging NGOs and private involvement and increasing public affairs efforts )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to highlight the dangers and vulnerabilities of trafficking in persons. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (We note with interest that the next meeting of the unprecedented National Dia-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.175 Tw (logue begun by Crown Prince Abdullah in 2003 has womens role in society as its )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (principal theme. )Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 281 111.2 m 331 111.2 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00071)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 231 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 234 0 obj << /Length 6964 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (68)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 152.7759 643 Tm [(ESPONSES)-428.1(FROM)-428.1(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 230.9286 643 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 237.5925 643 Tm (ONORABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 278.2589 643 Tm (L)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 283.5948 643 Tm (ORNE)Tj 8 0 0 8 305.7716 643 Tm 0.065 Tw (W. C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 324.3633 643 Tm 0 Tw [(RANER)-428.1(TO)]TJ 8 0 0 8 362.7905 643 Tm (Q)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 369.0144 643 Tm (UESTIONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 406.724 643 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 411.7639 643 Tm [(UBMITTED)-428.1(FOR)]TJ 8 0 0 8 464.9935 643 Tm ( )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 155 635.1 Tm (THE)Tj 8 0 0 8 172.8608 635.1 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 178.6367 635.1 Tm [(ECORD)-568.7(BY)-568.8(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 236.7246 635.1 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 243.3885 635.1 Tm (ONORABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 284.9549 635.1 Tm (D)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 291.1788 635.1 Tm (AN)Tj 8 0 0 8 304.6556 635.1 Tm (B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 310.4315 635.1 Tm (URTON)Tj 8 0 0 8 334.7323 635.1 Tm (, )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 340.6002 635.1 Tm (A)Tj 8 0 0 8 348.861 635.1 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 354.6369 635.1 Tm [(EPRESENTATIVE)-568.7(IN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 426.7425 635.1 Tm (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 432.5184 635.1 Tm (ONGRESS)Tj 8 0 0 8 464.9984 635.1 Tm ( )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 155 627.2 Tm [(FROM)-412.5(THE)]TJ 8 0 0 8 194.4111 627.2 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 199.4511 627.2 Tm [(TATE)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 231.7583 627.2 Tm (I)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 235.0142 627.2 Tm (NDIANA)Tj 8 0 0 8 262.2718 627.2 Tm ( )Tj /F8 1 Tf -14.409 -1.6125 TD (Question: )Tj 1 -1.2375 TD 0.07 Tw (According to your US Department of State Country Report on Human Right Prac-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1475 Tw (tices, 2003, can you describe some examples of the human rights violations/abuses )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in India? )Tj 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.2375 TD 0.215 Tw (Our annual human rights report documents our concern and gives examples of )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.35 Tw (the abuses that take place all too frequently. The situation consists of abuses )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (against innocent civilians perpetrated by foreign and Kashmiri terrorist groups and )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (of abuses committed by the Indian security forces. While the two are interrelated, )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (the actions of one side cannot justify abuses by the other. It is our policy to hold )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (all parties accountable for their own abuses. Two wrongs do not make a right. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.1625 Tw (Addition details can be found in our human rights reporting on the Department )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (of State website at )Tj /F8 1 Tf 9.0649 0 TD 0 Tw (www.state.gov. )Tj -9.0649 -1.4875 TD (Question: )Tj 1 -1.2375 TD 0.0725 Tw (Specifically in the regions of Jammu and Kashmir, can you describe current exam-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (ples of human rights violations/abuses perpetrated/tolerated by the Indian Govern-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ment and/or its security forces \(BSF\)? )Tj 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.2375 TD 0.1475 Tw (Members of the Indian security forces continued to be responsible for extra judi-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.11 Tw (cial killings, custodial deaths, excessive use of force, torture, rape, arbitrary arrests )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (and other serious abuses of human rights despite the fact that the Indian Constitu-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tion strictly protects human rights. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (According to published accounts and other sources, persons detained by security )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.11 Tw (forces were later alleged to have been killed in armed encounters, and their bodies, )Tj T* 0.215 Tw (often bearing multiple bullet wounds and marks of torture, were returned to rel-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (atives or otherwise were discovered shortly afterwards. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.2375 TD 0.11 Tw (Why arent Indian security forces reprimanded or prosecuted for the human rights )Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (violations/abuses in Jammu and Kashmir? Who is accountable? )Tj 0 -1.4875 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.2375 TD 0.06 Tw (The Jammu and Kashmir state government has taken some steps to hold account-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.22 Tw (able those in security forces found to be responsible for human rights abuses. In )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (June 2003, the Government announced that 118 members of the security forces had )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (been punished for having committed human rights violations, including 44 Border )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (Security Force \(BSF\) members, 47 from the Central Reserve Police Force \(CRPF\), )Tj T* 0.29 Tw (and 27 police officers. A Senior Superintendent of Police was suspended by the )Tj T* 0.185 Tw (Jammu and Kashmir government for allegedly falsifying the DNA samples of five )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (civilians killed in fake armed encounters in March 2000. A ministerial subcommittee )Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (headed by the Deputy Chief Minister recommended severe punishment for three po-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (lice officers and two doctors for tampering with the evidence. )Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.095 Tw (We are also encouraged by the prominent role that human rights issues are play-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.175 Tw (ing in the dialogue initiated by Deputy Prime Minister Advani with the Kashmiri )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (separatist All-Parties Hurriyat Conference \(APHC\). The two sides have met twice)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (on January 22 and March 27in the first dialogue the Government of India has )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (initiated with the Hurriyat since the insurgency began in Jammu and Kashmir in )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (1989. The Deputy Prime Minister has responded to some concerns raised by leaders )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (of the separatist All Parties Hurriyat Conference and other Kashmiri politicians and )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (civic leaders on continuing human rights abuses in the state. For example, he issued )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.195 Tw (instructions to security forces not to commit human rights violations of any kind. )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (At a recent press conference, Deputy Prime Minister Advani noted that, The secu-)Tj T* 0.235 Tw (rity forces must have a human face, with ordinary civilians not falling victim to )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (their bullets.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.24 Tw (According to a December Amnesty International report, disappearances occur in )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (and around the Kashmir Valley. How many have disappeared? And is the Indian )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (government behind the disappearances? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.1575 Tw (In Kashmir, reporting on the number of disappeared varies and underscores the )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1125 Tw (difficulty in determining whether persons who have disappeared did so while in se-)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00072)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 235 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 237 0 obj << /Length 6094 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (69)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.1925 Tw (curity force custody or after capture by insurgent groups or for reasons unrelated )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0775 Tw (to the armed conflict. In 2003, while the Jammu and Kashmir state government an-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (nounced that 3,931 persons remained missing in the state since 1990, a non-govern-)Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (mental agency called the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons, placed the )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (number at more than 8,000. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (The United States Government abhors violence and human rights abuses, wher-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (ever they take place. We deplore the human rights abuses committed by Kashmiri )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (and foreign terrorists as well as militant groups and we deplore the human rights )Tj T* 0.2575 Tw (abuses perpetrated by Indian security forces. We have urged the Government of )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (Pakistan to take steps to end support from its territory to both foreign and Kash-)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (miri terrorists and militants. We have also urged the Government of India to take )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (steps to end abuses by its security forces, including prosecuting those responsible. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.23 Tw (Does the Indian Constitution and its laws protect indivuals from human rights )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (violations/abuses, such as torture? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.18 Tw (As we have said, the situation consists of abuses against innocent civilians per-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (petrated by Kashmiri and foreign militant and terrorist groups and of abuses com-)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (mitted by the Indian security forces. While the two are interrelated, the actions of )Tj T* 0.18 Tw (one side cannot justify abuses by the other. It is our policy to hold all parties ac-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (countable for their own abuses. Two wrongs do not make a right. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (There are extra judicial killings, custodial deaths, excessive use of force, torture, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2275 Tw (rape, arbitrary arrest and other serious abuses of human rights, despite the fact )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (that the Indian Constitution strictly protects human rights. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.0875 Tw (In Jammu and Kashmir, what is the Indian Government doing to prevent torture? )Tj -1 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.1575 Tw (Again, the Jammu and Kashmir state government has taken some steps to hold )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.3925 Tw (accountable those in security forces found to be responsible for human rights )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (abuses. In June 2003, the Government announced that 118 members of the security )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (forces had been punished for having committed human rights violations, including )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (44 Border Security Force \(BSF\) members, 47 from the Central Reserve Police Force )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (\(CRPF\), and 27 police officers. A Senior Superintendent of Police was suspended by )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (the Jammu and Kashmir government for allegedly falsifying the DNA samples of )Tj T* 0.2575 Tw (five civilians killed in fake armed encounters in March 2000. A ministerial sub-)Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (committee headed by the Deputy Chief Minister recommended severe punishment )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (for three police officers and two doctors for tampering with the evidence. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.095 Tw (We are also encouraged by the prominent role that human rights issues are play-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.175 Tw (ing in the dialogue initiated by Deputy Prime Minister Advani with the Kashmiri )Tj T* 0.095 Tw (separatist All-Parties Hurriyat Conference \(APHC\). The two sides have met twice)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (on January 22 and March 27in the first dialogue the Government of India has )Tj T* 0.16 Tw (initiated with the Hurriyat since the insurgency began in Jammu and Kashmir in )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (1989. The Deputy Prime Minister has responded to some concerns raised by leaders )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (of the separatist All Parties Hurriyat Conference and other Kashmiri politicians and )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (civic leaders on continuing human rights abuses in the state. For example, he issued )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (instructions to security forces not to commit human rights violations of any kind. )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (At a recent press conference, Deputy Prime Minister Advani noted that, The secu-)Tj T* 0.235 Tw (rity forces must have a human face, with ordinary civilians not falling victim to )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (their bullets.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.1475 Tw (What does the Armed Forces \(Jammu and Kashmir\) Special Powers Act \(SPA\) of )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.165 Tw (1990 provide and how is it being used to conduct human rights violations/abuses? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.0825 Tw (It is difficult to obtain reliable information about the condition of people being de-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (tained in Jammu and Kashmir because many are in detention pursuant to special )Tj T* 0.15 Tw (security legislation. This legislation includes the Armed Forces \(Jammu and Kash-)Tj T* 0.2425 Tw (mir\) Special Powers Act \(SPA\) of 1990, the Public Safety Act \(PSA\), and Armed )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Forces Special Powers Act \(AFSPA\) of 1958. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (A number of persons disappear each year in Kashmir. Reporting on the number )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0725 Tw (of disappeared varies and underscores the difficulty in determining whether persons )Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (who have disappeared did so while in security force custody or after capture by in-)Tj T* 0.205 Tw (surgent groups or for reasons unrelated to the armed conflict. In 2003, while the )Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (Jammu and Kashmir state government announced that 3,931 persons remained )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00073)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 238 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 240 0 obj << /Length 5878 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (70)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.17 Tw (missing in the state since 1990, a non-governmental agency called the Association )Tj 0 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (of Parents of Disappeared Persons, placed the number at more than 8,000. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (The United States Government abhors violence and human rights abuses, wher-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (ever they take place. We deplore the human rights abuses committed by Kashmiri )Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (and foreign terrorists as well as militant groups and we deplore the human rights )Tj T* 0.2575 Tw (abuses perpetrated by Indian security forces. We have urged the Government of )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (Pakistan to take steps to end support from its territory to both foreign and Kash-)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (miri terrorists and militants. We have also urged the Government of India to take )Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (steps to end abuses by its security forces, including prosecution of those responsible. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.0525 Tw (Specifically, what was the case of Syed Ali Shah Geelani? )Tj -1 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.1025 Tw (Syed Ali Shah Geelani is a prominent Kashmiri separatist who has advocated for )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.115 Tw (the accession of Jammu and Kashmir \(J&K\) to Pakistan, and has long been associ-)Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (ated with the Jamaat-e-Islami, the political wing of the militant organization Hizbul )Tj T* 0 Tw (Mujahideen. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (Geelani was detained in June 2002 in Kashmir under the Prevention of Terrorism )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Act \(POTA\) under suspicion of serving as a channel for foreign financial support to )Tj T* 0.2325 Tw (terrorist organizations in J&K. At the time of his detention, police reported that )Tj T* 0.155 Tw (they seized assets valued far in excess of his known sources of income. The POTA )Tj T* 0.1325 Tw (permits the detention of persons without charge and without judicial review for up )Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (to two years, during which detainees do not have access to family members or legal )Tj T* 0 Tw (counsel. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.3375 Tw (Geelani was subsequently incarcerated in Ranchi, Jharkhand, where he com-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2025 Tw (plained that the treatment he received exacerbated a kidney ailment. He was re-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (leased in February 2003 as part of Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Mufti Mo-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (hammad Sayeeds healing touch policy of political reconciliation in the state. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.215 Tw (Thereupon, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir flew Geelani via a special )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (state-owned aircraft to the private Tata Cancer Institute in Mumbai, where he was )Tj T* 0.14 Tw (treated. He has been campaigning vigorously against Indian rule in Kashmir since )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (his release from that facility. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (The U.S. Government noted Geelanis release from prison and the unusual efforts )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.225 Tw (the Indian authorities took to treat his medical condition. At the same time, the )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (U.S. Government remains concerned about conditions in which detention of persons )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (can occur without charge and without proper judicial review. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.2475 Tw (What is the Armed Forces Special Powers Act \(AFSPA\) of 1958, and how is it )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (being used to further human rights violations/abuses? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.165 Tw (The Armed Forces Special Powers Act \(AFSPA\) provides that unless approval is )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.28 Tw (obtained from the central Government, no prosecution, suit, or other legal pro-)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (ceeding shall be instituted against any person in respect of anything done or pur-)Tj T* 0.115 Tw (ported to be done in exercise of the powers of the act. This act gives security force )Tj T* 0.3225 Tw (personnel the authority to shoot-on-sight suspected lawbreakers, and to destroy )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (structures suspected of harboring militants or arms. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (Todays reality, unfortunately, is that numerous human rights abuses persist, as )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.22 Tw (we have documented thoroughly in our annual Country Reports. Nonetheless, we )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (are confident that continued dialogue between India and Pakistan and between New )Tj T* 0.265 Tw (Delhi and Kashmiris has the potential to improve human rights in Jammu and )Tj T* 0 Tw (Kashmir. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (In the meantime, the U.S. Government would welcome greater transparency by )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.225 Tw (the Indian Government to allow independent monitoring of alleged human rights )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (abuses by the security forces in Jammu and Kashmir. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.15 Tw (Because of the Special Powers Act and the Armed Forces Special Powers Act, are )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.165 Tw (Indian security forces required to follow the India Constitution and its regulations, )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (such as habeas corpus? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.1 Tw (Following the outbreak of the armed insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir in 1989, )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (the judicial system came under extreme pressure from both militants and security )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (forces. Courts and their activities are hampered by threats from militants against )Tj T* 0.105 Tw (judges, witnesses and their family members. The judiciary also tolerates the Indian )Tj T* 0.26 Tw (governments anti-insurgency actions and the security forces frequently refuse to )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00074)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 241 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 243 0 obj << /Length 6009 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (71)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.0525 Tw (obey court orders. In Jammu and Kashmir, courts are reluctant to hear cases involv-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (ing terrorist crimes and failed to act expeditiously on habeas corpus cases, if they )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (acted at all. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.1025 Tw (According to your report, India is a significant source, transit point, and destina-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.155 Tw (tion of trafficked persons. Why are humans being trafficked into India and who is )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (behind it? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.1675 Tw (In India, widespread internal trafficking of women, men and children for sexual )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2125 Tw (exploitation, domestic servitude, bonded labor and indentured servitude occurs. It )Tj T* 0.215 Tw (is also a destination point for Nepali and Bangladeshi women, girls and boys for )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (forced prostitution and labor. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.325 Tw (Non-governmental organizations working on the issue of trafficking note that )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2025 Tw (three major groups often facilitate trafficking in India: family members, members )Tj T* 0.175 Tw (of the community or acquaintances, and organized crime syndicates. Family mem-)Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (bers, particularly parents or relatives, may knowingly procure women or children )Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (from their family for trafficking \(particularly for sex work\). More often, families are )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (taken advantage of by unscrupulous acquaintances, friends, relatives or neighbors )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (offering marriage or work. While some families do not know that their young women )Tj T* 0.1475 Tw (or children will be exploited for labor or sex, others are so poor that they may not )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (want to know what happens to the victim, even though they may be aware that )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the work or marriage offer may be false. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.2025 Tw (Within the community, friends, schoolteachers, local politicians, corrupt officials )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2675 Tw (\(police, customs, immigration, border patrollers\) and village chiefs have been in-)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (volved in trafficking, as have temple priests in procuring girls for devdasi \(temple )Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (prostitution\) trafficking. Some false social welfare NGOs have also played a sig-)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (nificant role in taking advantage of poor families by convincing families to release )Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (children, ostensibly for education and care by the NGO, but in reality, for placement )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (with foreign adoptive families without the consent or knowledge of the parents. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.275 Tw (Organized crime syndicates use employment agents, people already in the sex )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (trade \(brothel owners, pimps, procurers, or customers\), pedophiles, tourist and trav-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (el agencies and local contractors to recruit victims for sex or labor exploitation. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.15 Tw (Due to this excessive trafficking in human beings, are children being exploited as )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (sex slaves and prostitutes? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.11 Tw (Children are also exploited as sex slaves and prostitutes. While there are no reli-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.105 Tw (able statistics or comprehensive studies due to the nature of the activity, NGOs be-)Tj T* (lieve that approximately 60% of the prostitutes estimated to be under 18 were traf-)Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (ficked, lured or seduced into prostitution as opposed to having entered prostitution )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (voluntarily. In brothels, young girls are often confined in small spaces to prevent )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (their escape, and are frequently hidden in order to avoid them from being found )Tj T* 0.06 Tw (during unexpected raids. Brothel keepers and traffickers frequently beat and torture )Tj T* 0.0575 Tw (victims in order to force them to have sex with their customers. Victims are not paid )Tj T* 0.07 Tw (for the long period during which they are paying off their debt \(the price the brothel )Tj T* 0.075 Tw (keeper paid their traffickers\) and new debts, including ones that are added on when )Tj T* 0.115 Tw (a brothel is raided and the brothel keeper must make pay offs so that the girls are )Tj T* 0.195 Tw (returned. These sex slaves and prostitutes are fed poorly and receive virtually no )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (health care. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.5 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.25 TD 0.265 Tw (What is the Government of India doing to prevent the re-victimization of these )Tj -1 -1 TD 0 Tw (prostitutes? )Tj 0 -1.5 TD (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.25 TD 0.1625 Tw (While much remains to be done, the Government of India has made some effort )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (to prevent the re-victimization of prostitutes through various protection and preven-)Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (tion programs as well as by prosecuting traffickers. To shelter victims who have es-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (caped their conditions, protective homes with facilities for custodial care and protec-)Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (tion, education, and vocational training have been set up in different parts of India. )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (An extensive network of short-stay homes, run by NGOs, also exists and was as-)Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (sisted by the government, as well as Juvenile Homes established under the Juvenile )Tj T* 0.1125 Tw (Justice Act for protection and rehabilitation of the victims. The Central Social Wel-)Tj T* 0.155 Tw (fare Board \(CSWB\) provides financial assistance to NGOs to run development and )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (care centers for the children of victims of prostitution. In some red light areas, the )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00075)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 244 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 246 0 obj << /Length 6183 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (72)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 643 Tm 0.06 Tw (government approved projects for starting centers under the Integrated Child Devel-)Tj 0 -1.025 TD 0.165 Tw (opment Services Scheme \(ICDS\). Since the incidence of prostitution is also related )Tj T* 0.145 Tw (to the low status of women in society, the government is implementing various in-)Tj T* 0.055 Tw (come-generating activities to economically empower women. State governments have )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (been implementing a number of projects for the rescue and rehabilitation of women )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (and children through their own agencies and in collaboration with NGOs. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.525 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.275 TD 0.2775 Tw (During my tenure as Chairman of this Committee, I investigated international )Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.0825 Tw (child abduction to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, American women )Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (held against their will are unable to leave the country without the consent of their )Tj T* 0.215 Tw (closest male relative, usually the person who abducted her in the first place. How )Tj T* 0.2 Tw (will the U.S. Department of State work with the Saudi government to ensure that )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the rights of all American citizens wanting to leave the country are upheld? )Tj 0 -1.525 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.275 TD 0.1 Tw (Assistant Secretary Maura Harty in the Bureau of Consular Affairs has responsi-)Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.1775 Tw (bility for this issue. I would refer you to her bureau for more detailed answers to )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (any specific questions you may have. )Tj 1 -1.025 TD 0.1675 Tw (The Department of State is holding the Government of Saudi Arabia to its Sep-)Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.21 Tw (tember 2002 commitment that all adult American women would be free to travel )Tj T* 0.11 Tw (out of Saudi Arabia, even without permission from their male guardians. In a writ-)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (ten statement to the Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness on July 9, 2003, )Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia stated, The Kingdom now guarantees that all )Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (adults \(men and women who are 18 years or older\) have the freedom to choose in )Tj T* 0.2475 Tw (which country they wish to reside and maintain the right to travel to and from )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Saudi Arabia for purposes of visitation or relocation.)Tj 1 -1.025 TD 0.1875 Tw (While senior Saudi government officials have reiterated their 2002 promise, the )Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.1775 Tw (Government has not adopted corresponding procedures that would govern applica-)Tj T* 0.105 Tw (tions by women for exit permission without the consent of male guardians. We con-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (tinue to press the Government of Saudi Arabia to formalize the process of issuing )Tj T* 0.125 Tw (such exit permits to American citizen women, with the aim that applicants will re-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ceive the permits more easily, reliably, and promptly. )Tj 1 -1.025 TD 0.1125 Tw (Two American women withdrew their requests for exit permission after delays in )Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.1175 Tw (the Saudi government issuance of exit permits the women had requested. In one of )Tj T* 0.225 Tw (those cases, the Saudi authorities assisted the young woman to find employment )Tj T* 0.1675 Tw (and living arrangements outside of her fathers household and the woman decided )Tj T* 0.245 Tw (to remain in Saudi Arabia. In the second case, the young woman married while )Tj T* 0.13 Tw (Saudi authorities were considering her application for an exit permit, and she sub-)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (sequently withdrew her request. As of March 31, 2004, there were three American )Tj T* (women awaiting permission to leave Saudi Arabia; one has been waiting since De-)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (cember 2003. One of these women departed Saudi Arabia on April 3, after her fa-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (ther granted permission for her to depart. )Tj 1 -1.025 TD 0.195 Tw (Once again, for follow-up information, I refer you to Assistant Secretary Maura )Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.0525 Tw (Harty in the Bureau of Consular Affairs. )Tj /F8 1 Tf 0 -1.525 TD 0 Tw (Question: )Tj 1 -1.275 TD 0.155 Tw (The State Departments position is that extending Normal Trade Relations status )Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.2025 Tw (to Laos will encourage that country to open up and hence lead to improvement in )Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (the countrys Human Rights record. Following that logic, would the State Depart-)Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (ment agree that extending NTR to Cuba would change Fidel Castro and hence bring )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (about improvements in Human Rights on that beleaguered island? )Tj 0 -1.525 TD 0 Tw (Response: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1 -1.275 TD 0.0525 Tw (The Administration supports granting NTR status for Laos and bringing into force )Tj -1 -1.025 TD 0.1775 Tw (the bilateral trade agreement negotiated in 1997 and signed in 2003. Laos is cur-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (rently one of only three countries in the worldthe other two being Cuba and North )Tj T* 0.2825 Tw (Koreathat are subject to tariff rates generally far higher than those available )Tj T* 0.2625 Tw (under NTR. Extending NTR to Laos could help open Laos to the outside world, )Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (which could in turn lead to greater internal openness and transparency. We believe )Tj T* 0.205 Tw (that granting NTR will create a more cooperative environment in which the U.S. )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (can effectively pursue key human rights and democratization objectives in Laos. )Tj 1 -1.025 TD 0.095 Tw (We remain concerned about Laos poor human rights record and continue to raise )Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.3275 Tw (our concerns with the Lao Government. There have been some recent signs of )Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (progress related to religious freedom and minority rights, which have been docu-)Tj T* 0.235 Tw (mented in the State Departments annual reports on human rights and religious )Tj T* 0 Tw (freedom. )Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 25 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate Mar 21 2002 )-1076.9(14:47 Aug 03, 2004)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00076)-1076.9(Fmt 6601)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(F:\\WORK\\FULL\\031004PM\\92499.000)-1076.9(HINTREL1)-1076.9(PsN: S)]TJ 76.3341 0 TD (HIRL)Tj ET endstream endobj 247 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F7 10 0 R /F8 16 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 11 0 R >> >> endobj 249 0 obj << /Length 3072 >> stream BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 661 Tm 0 g /GS1 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (73)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 643 Tm 0.0575 Tw (We do not believe the situation in Cuba is analogous to that of Laos. Each country )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.205 Tw (raises different foreign policy concerns, and sanctions regimes are designed to re-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (spond to country-specific concerns. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (In the formulation of our overall foreign policy toward Cuba, the U.S. Government )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1325 Tw (notes the broad consensus that has emerged in the Western Hemisphere regarding )Tj T* 0.085 Tw (democracy and respect for human rights. The Inter-American Democratic Charter, )Tj T* 0.165 Tw (adopted on September 11, 2001 by the Organization of American States, embodies )Tj T* 0.3025 Tw (that consensus to promote democracy in the hemisphere. Today, virtually every )Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (country in the region has embraced a democratic system of government except one: )Tj T* 0 Tw (Cuba. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0625 Tw (President Bushs Initiative for a New Cuba is strikingly similar to the standards )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.415 Tw (the region set forth in the Inter-American Democratic Charter. Our policy is )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (strengthened by being in step with this consensus. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.3175 Tw (As President Bush has said, without economic reform, trade with Cuba will )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1075 Tw (merely enrich Fidel Castro and his cronies. The same argument applies to broader )Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (travel to Cuba by Americans beyond those presently authorized. The Cuban govern-)Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (ment controls the tourism industry and Cubas Armed Forces Ministry run an in-)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (creasing portion of Cubas state-owned and joint-venture tourist resorts. Profits from )Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (the tourism industry provide the lifeblood for the regime and its repressive appa-)Tj T* 0.205 Tw (ratus. Travel by European tourists has certainly not brought about democratic or )Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (economic reform in Cuba. )Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0625 Tw (In addition, there are a total of 5,911 claims submitted to the U.S. Foreign Claims )Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2175 Tw (Settlement Commission by U.S. nationals against the Government of Cuba based )Tj T* 0.34 Tw (upon losses resulting from the nationalization, expropriation, or intervention of )Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (property by the Government of Cuba that occurred between January 1, 1959 and )Tj T* 0.065 Tw (October 16, 1964. 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