CONTENTS
Management
Ventilation
and Air Quality
Health, Safety
and Ergonomics
Cleaning and
Sterilization
Cage Cleaning
and Animal Health/Behavior Effects
Selected World
Wide Websites
Information
on how to request materials that are included in the collection of the
National Agricultural Library (NAL) may be found on the Document Delivery
Services
Branch website at
http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb. Please read carefully as there are certain
restrictions on media and
document types.
MANAGEMENT
Crouch, R. (1996). Polymer floor and wall solutions. Lab Animal
25(7): 34-36.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: animal housing; materials;
laboratories.
Deitrich, E.A. (1982). Conserve without compromise: a practical application
to cage washers. Lab Animal 11(6): 57.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory animals;
facilities; design; management; cages; washers; maintenance; operations; energy
conservation.
Douglas, F.; Harris, H.J. (1993). Facility design: choosing the right flooring.
Lab Animal 22(5): 51-57.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratories; floors;
design.
Freson, S.J. (1998). Animal room finishes: selecting and overseeing a
resinous finish system.
Lab Animal 27(6): 32-36.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory animals; animal
housing; laboratory rearing; design; finishes; resins; floors; floor type;
walls; ceilings.
Hempel, P.; Merx, R.; Schulz, M.; Zillmann, U.
(2000). Computerised animal house management
system (CAMS). AUTHOR EMAIL: m.schulz@dkfz-heidelberg.de Journal
of Experimental Animal Science 41(4): 149-158.
Descriptors: computer system; housing
experimental animal; information processing; practice guideline; health care
facility; data base; computer program; computer terminal; laboratory personnel;
documentation; control system; animal welfare; breeding; storage; cost benefit
analysis; calculation; automation; management; nonhuman; mouse; rat; animal
experiment; controlled study.
Iwaki Takamasa (1996). Environmental control of laboratory animals.
Tokyo Jikeikai Ika Daigaku Zasshi (Tokyo Jikeikai Medical Journal) 111(5):
567-581.
Descriptors: laboratory animal; environmental management; breeding machine
and tool; rearing box; microorganism contamination; prevention of pollution;
cleaning device; air cleaning; dust; indoor air pollution; dung processing machine;
automatic control; waste water treatment; research and development; water intake
(organism); laboratory organism; organism; management; rearing facilities; pollution;
environmental pollution control; countermeasure; preclusion (protection); equipment;
cleaning (purification); pollutant; matter; environmental pollution; processing
equipment; control; sewage treatment; water and sewage treatment; treatment;
development; feeding (food intake); animal behavior.
Leary, S.L.; Majoros, J.A.; Tomson, J.S.
(1998). Making cagewash facility design a
priority. Lab Animal 27(6): 28-31.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory animals; animal
housing; laboratory rearing; design; cleaning and sterilization; cleaning
equipment; cages.
Roe, P. (2002). Cage processing and waste management: a cost-analysis
and decision-making exercise. Lab Animal 31(1): 43-46.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory workers;
laboratory animals; cages; washing; animal wastes; litter; ergonomics; safety at
work; cost analysis; labor costs; productivity; automation; decision
making.
Ruggiero, R.F. (2002). Considerations for an automated cage-processing
system. Lab Animal 31 (1): 50-56.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratories; laboratory
animals; laboratory workers; cages; washing; power washers; automation; vacuum;
robots; cleaning and sterilization; animal wastes; litter; dust control; labor
productivity; occupational hazards; planning; design.
Ruggiero, R.F. (1998). Selecting and installing cage washers. Lab
Animal 27(4): 40-42.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory animals; animal
housing; cages; cleaning and sterilization; design; decontamination; work flow;
equipment.
Return to Contents
VENTILATION and AIR
QUALITY
Kacergis, J.B.; Jones, R.B.; Reeb, C.K.; Turner,
W.A.; Ohman, J.L.; Ardman, M.R.; Paigen, B. (1996). Air quality in an animal facility: particulates, ammonia,
and volatile organic compounds. American Industrial Hygiene Association
Journal 57(7): 634-640.
Descriptors: air pollutants,
occupational analysis; indoor air pollution; allergens analysis; ammonia
analysis; laboratory animals; hydrocarbons analysis; mice; animal technicians;
occupational Exposure, prevention and control; ventilation.
Kowalski, W.J.; Bahnfleth, W.P.; Carey, D.D.
(2002). Engineering control of airborne disease
transmission in animal laboratories. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory
Animal Science 41 (3): 9-17.
Descriptors: airborne allergens; air UV
germicidal irradiation, air treatment method; air filtration, air treatment
method; dilution ventilation, air treatment method; pressurization, air
treatment method.
Renstrom, A; Larsson, P.H.; Malmberg, P.; Bayard,
C. (1997). A new amplified monoclonal rat allergen
assay used for evaluation of ventilation improvements in animal rooms.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 100(5): 649-655.
Descriptors: indoor air pollution
analysis; allergens analysis; allergens urine; evaluation studies; health
surveys; methods; mice; mice, inbred BALB C; rats; rats, Sprague-Dawley;
Sweden.
Rosas, I.; Yela, A.; Salinas, E.; Lacey, J.;
Milton, D. (1996). Size distribution of
particles carrying bacteria and endotoxins in animal care facilities.
Journal of Endotoxin Research 3(SUPPL.1): 53.
Descriptors: air conditioning; air
sampling; animal care facility; bacteria carrying particle; bacterial toxins;
cage washing; endotoxin; endotoxin carrying particle; miscellaneous method;
organic dust dispersal; pollution; ventilation.
Worley, M.S.; Manbeck, H.B. (1993). Modeling contaminant concentrations in ceiling inlet
ventilation systems. Paper presented at the “1993 International Summer
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural Engineers,” June
20-23, 1993, Spokane, Washington, 17p.
NAL Call Number: 290.9 Am32P
Descriptors: air quality; cages;
ventilation.
Return to Contents
HEALTH, SAFETY, and
ERGONOMICS
Bush, R.K.; Wood R.A.; Eggleston, P.A. (1998).
Laboratory animal allergy. Journal
of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 102(1): 99-112.
Descriptors: asthma, immune system
disease; respiratory system disease; atopy, immune system disease; laboratory
animal allergy, allergy skin testing, diagnostic method; laminar flow caging,
laboratory equipment; wet washings.
Carlton, D.L.; Richards, W. (2002). Affordable noise control in a laboratory animal
facility. Lab Animal 31(1): 47-48.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory animals;
laboratories; noise abatement; acoustic properties; power washers; cages;
panels; cost analysis; noise pollution; laboratory workers; laboratory hazards;
occupational health; animal welfare, animal use refinement.
Clough, G; Wallace, J; Gamble, M.R.; Merryweather,
E.R.; Bailey, E.A. (1995). Positive, individually ventilated caging system: a local
barrier system to protect both animals and personnel. Laboratory Animals
29 (2): 139-51.
Descriptors: laboratory animals;
containment of biohazards, instrumentation; animal housing; ventilation; air
pollutants, occupational; air pressure; laboratory animals, microbiology;
communicable disease control; environmental monitoring; animal housing,
legislation and jurisprudence; lighting; mice; sound.
Eggleston, P.A.; Ansari, A.A.; Adkinson, N.F.;
Wood, R.A. (1995). Environmental challenge studies
in laboratory animal allergy. Effect of different airborne allergen concentrations.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151(3 Pt 1):
640-646.
Descriptors: air pollutants,
occupational analysis; allergens analysis; laboratory animals, immunology;
asthma immunology; immunoglobulin E immunology; laboratory personnel;
occupational diseases immunology; adult; occupational air pollutants, adverse
effects; allergens adverse effects; asthma diagnosis; asthma physiopathology;
bronchial hyperreactivity immunology; bronchial provocation tests; dose-response
relationship, immunologic; occupational diseases diagnosis; occupational
diseases physiopathology; radioallergosorbent test; rats; rats, Sprague-Dawley
immunology; skin tests.
Fox, J.G.; Donahue, P.R.; Essigmann, J.M.
(1980). Efficacy of inactivation of
representative chemical carcinogens utilizing commercial alkaline and acidic
cage washing compounds. Journal of Environmental Pathology and
Toxicology 4(1): 97-105.
NAL Call Number: RB152.J6
Descriptors: carcinogens analysis;
detergents; animal housing; surface active agents;
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene analysis; aflatoxin-B1; aflatoxins analysis;
chemistry; chromatography; high-pressure-liquid.
Gordon, S; Fisher, S.W.; Raymond, R.H. (2001).
Elimination of mouse allergens in the working
environment: assessment of individually ventilated cage systems and ventilated
cabinets in the containment of mouse allergens. Journal of Allergy
and Clinical Immunology 108(2): 288-294.
Descriptors: allergens; asthma
prevention and control; animal housing; occupational exposure, prevention and
control; ventilation; alpha-globulins immunology; containment of biohazards
methods; laboratory animal science instrumentation; mice.
Gordon, S.; Kiernan, L.A.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J.;
Cook, A.D.; Tee, R.D.; Taylor, A.J.N. (1997). Measurement of exposure to mouse urinary proteins in
an epidemiological study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine
54(2): 135-140.
Descriptors: humans; laboratory workers;
laboratory work; rodents; biochemical analysis; dust analysis; occupational
exposure; air sampling; exposure levels; airborne particles; laboratory
animals.
Gordon, S.; Tee, R.D.; Lowson, D.; Wallace, J.;
Newman Taylor, A.J. (1992). Reduction of airborne
allergenic urinary proteins from laboratory rats. British Journal
of Industrial Medicine 49(6): 416-422.
Descriptors: indoor air pollution,
prevention and control; allergens, urine; laboratory animal science methods; air
analysis; allergens analysis; asthma immunology; asthma prevention and control;
hypersensitivity immunology; hypersensitivity prevention and control; laboratory
animal science instrumentation; laboratory personnel; occupational diseases
immunology; occupational diseases prevention and control; population density;
rats; rats, inbred strains.
Gordon, S.; Wallace, J.; Cook, A.; Tee, R.D.;
Newman Taylor, A.J. (1997). Reduction of exposure
to laboratory animal allergens in the workplace. Clinical and Experimental
Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
27(7): 744-751.
Descriptors: air pollutants,
occupational analysis; allergens analysis; animal technicians; laboratory
animals; hypersensitivity prevention and control; occupational air pollutants,
adverse effects; allergens, adverse effects; animal husbandry instrumentation;
hypersensitivity etiology; mice; rats; safety; ventilation.
Hollander, A.; Gordon, S.; Renstrom, A.; Thyssen,
J.; Daces, G.; Larsson, P.H.; Malmberg, P.; Vendables, KM; Heederik, D. (1999).
Comparison of methods to assess airborne rat
and mouse allergen levels. I. Analysis of air samples. Allergy
54(2): 142-149.
Descriptors: environmental air
pollutants analysis; allergens analysis; mice immunology; rats immunology;
Allergens, urine; detergents pharmacology; immunoassay; rabbits.
Hollander, A.; Heederik, D.; Daces, G.; Kromhout,
H. (1998). Determinants of airborne rat and
mouse urinary allergen exposure. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment
& Health 24(3): 228-35.
Descriptors: indoor air pollution
analysis; laboratory animals urine; environmental monitoring methods; laboratory
personnel; occupational diseases immunology; occupational exposure analysis;
allergens, adverse effects; analysis of variance; animal housing standards;
mice; Netherlands; occupational diseases epidemiology; occupational diseases
etiology; particle size; prevalence; rats; regression analysis; risk factors;
ventilation.
Kerst, J.; et al (2003). An ergonomics process for the care and use of research
animals.
ILAR Journal 44(1): 3-12.
Descriptors: animal experimentation;
human engineering; musculoskeletal diseases etiology; occupational health;
safety; workplace; biomechanics; musculoskeletal diseases, prevention and
control; organizational policy; posture; risk assessment.
Langley, R. (1999). Physical hazards of animal handlers. Occupational
Medicine 14(2): 181-194.
Descriptors: occupational accidents,
statistics and numerical data; animal husbandry, statistics and numerical data;
animal technicians, statistics and numerical data; bites and stings
epidemiology; bites and stings etiology; occupational health; veterinarians,
statistics and numerical data; wounds and injuries epidemiology; wounds and
injuries etiology; bites and stings prevention and control; population
surveillance; risk factors; United States epidemiology; wounds and injuries
prevention and control.
Lieutier-Colas, F.; Meyer, P.; Larsson, P.; Malmberg,
P.; Frossard, N.; Pauli, G.; de Blay, F. (2001). Difference in exposure to airborne major rat allergen
(Rat n 1) and to endotoxin in rat quarters according to tasks. Clinical
and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical
Immunology 31(9): 1449-1456.
Descriptors: occupational air
pollutants, adverse effects; air pollutants, occupation analysis; allergens
adverse effects; allergens analysis; endotoxins adverse effects; endotoxins
analysis; occupational exposure, adverse effects; occupational exposure
analysis; rats immunology; respiratory hypersensitivity immunology; animal
husbandry methods; animal technicians; France; animal housing; laboratory
personnel; task performance and analysis; workplace.
Minakami, K.; Obara, T.; Yamauchi, C. (1986).
Filter efficiency of commercial face masks of
particles and airborne bacteria. Experimental Animals 35(3): 293-298.
Descriptors: glasswool, surgery mask,
three-sheet synthetic fiber mask, charcoal single-sheet synthetic fiber mask,
gauze mask, gas mask.
Pelkonnen, K.H.O. (1993). Ergonomy in the laboratory animal unit. Lab
Animal 22(4): 37-41.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratories;
ergonomics.
Olfert, E.D. (1993). Allergies to laboratory animals--aspects of monitoring
and control.
Lab Animal 22(2): 32-35.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: allergies; laboratory
animals.
Peterson, T.; Farley, J. (2001). Unique design for fixed ventilated changing station.
Lab Animal 30(4): 43-46.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: mice; design; laboratory
infections; disease control; barrier husbandry; allergens; occupational
disorders; stress; safety at work; ergonomics.
Priddy, D.C.; Cunningham, J.J. (1995). Ergonomically designed hand tools for rodent water
bottle maintenance. Lab Animal 24(9): 45.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory equipment;
bottles; maintenance; ergonomics.
Renstrom, A.; Bjoring, G.; Hoglund, A.U.
(2001). Evaluation of individually ventilated
cage systems for laboratory rodents: occupational health aspects.
Laboratory Animals 35(1): 42-50.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L3
Descriptors: mice; laboratory mammals;
cages; design; artificial ventilation; animal husbandry; allergens; occupational
hazards; laboratory hazards; laboratory workers; safety at work;
ergonomics.
Rosas, I.; Calderon, C.; Salinas, E.; Martinez,
L.; Alfaro-Moreno, E.; Milton, D.K.; Osornio-Vargas, A.R. (2001). Animal and worker exposure to dust and biological particles
in animal care houses. Aerobiologia (Netherlands) 17(1): 49-59.
Descriptors: environmental exposure;
organic dust worker; air conditioning; room ventilation; fungus identification;
bacterium identification; fungus culture; bacterium culture; fungus spore;
gravimetry; parameter; lung lavage; cage; atmospheric dispersion; indoor air
pollution; air quality; Basidiomycetes; Ascomycetes; bed; cell count; airborne
particle; human; nonhuman; rat; controlled study; review.
Sharpnack, D.D.; Hull, R.D. (1996). Strategies for safe use of chemicals in animal research.
Working Safely with Research Animals, Proceedings of the 4th National Symposium
on Biosafety, Atlanta, Georgia, January 27-31, 1996, J. Y. Richmond, Editor;
p. 71-75.
Descriptors: laboratory animals; health
survey; chemical manufacturing industry; chemical processing; inhalants; skin
exposure; occupational exposure.
Thulin, Hans; Bjorkdahl, Marianne; Karlsson,
Anne-Sophie; Renstrom, Anne (2002). Reduction
of exposure to laboratory animal allergens in a research laboratory.
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 46(1): 61-68.
Descriptors: air pollutants, occupation
analysis; allergens analysis; laboratory animals; hypersensitivity prevention
and control; occupational exposure prevention and control; immunoglobulin E,
blood; laboratory personnel; mice; questionnaires; ventilation.
Return to Contents
CLEANING and
STERILIZATION
Andersen, H.E.A.; Fosse, K.; Fosse, R.T.
(1998). Microbiological quality control of a
cage washing machine by means of a thin film culture system (PetrifilmTM).
Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 25 (2):
74-80.
Descriptors: cages; hygiene; quality
controls; washing; animal housing; laboratory animals; detergents.
Banerjee, A.K.; Angulo, A.F.; Kershof, A.M. (1985).
The use and microbiological monitoring of specialised
washing equipment for a central animal laboratory. Zeitschrift fur
Versuchstierkunde 27(5): 209-213.
Descriptors: animal diseases; disease
prevention; disinfectants; animal housing; hygiene; cages; laboratory animals.
Bozik, R.; Nebiar, F.; Greenstein, G.;
Drozdowicz, C.K. (1995). A comparative study of
an automated diagnostic system with standard manual techniques for microbiologic
water analysis in an animal facility environment. Contemporary Topics
in Laboratory Animal Science 34(1): 52-55.
NAL call no.: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: water quality; bacterial
count; microbial contamination; testing; automation; culture techniques; reverse
osmosis.
Ednie, D.L.; Wilson, R.P.; Lang, C.M. (1998).
Comparison of two sanitation monitoring methods
in an animal research facility. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory
Animal Science 37(6): 71-74.
NAL call no.: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: laboratory animals; animal
housing; monitoring; cleaning and sterilization; plate count; rapid methods;
atp; detection; luminescence; correlation; cost analysis.
Faith, R.E.; McCarty, D.R. (1986). Effectiveness of cage washers operated without
detergents. Laboratory Animal Science 36(5): 581.
Descriptors: abstract; laboratory
animals; sanitation.
Farrell, T.M.; Ridgway, R.L.; Thakur, A.K.;
Ridder, W.E. (1997). Determination of
microbiological contamination during long-term storage of sanitized equipment.
Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 36(2): 60-61.
NAL call no.: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: laboratory equipment;
microbial contamination; cleaning and sterilization; storage; duration; animal
experiments.
Klein, H.; Frankenberg, L.; Conboy, T.;
Frankenfield, D.; Trogstam, M. (1999). Development, design, and operation of a robotic rodent
cage washing and waste handling system. Lab Animal 28(7): 34-37.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: cages; rodents; robots;
washing; waste treatment.
Krause, J.; McDonnell, G.; Riedesel, H. (2001).
Biodecontamination of animal rooms and heat-sensitive
equipment with vaporized hydrogen peroxide. Contemporary Topics in
Laboratory Animal Science 40(6): 18-21.
Descriptors: laboratory animals;
animals, local anti-infective agents, pharmacology; decontamination methods;
animal housing; hydrogen peroxide pharmacology; ventilation; Bacillus
stearothermophilus isolation and purification; heat; laboratories;
volatilization. M
Kuchowicz, E.; Rydzynski, K. (1998). Risk assessment of morpholine (tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine):
A time for reevaluation of current occupational exposure standards? Applied
Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 13(2): 113-121.
Descriptors: eye injury epidemiology;
nose irritation epidemiology; risk assessment; occupational exposure; rubber
industry; laundry; textile industry; occupational hazard; carcinogenicity;
human; nonhuman.
Macheak, M,E,; Claus, K.D. (1970). Effects of certain anticorrosives in steam on
clostridia. American Journal of Veterinary Research 31(12):
2301-2304.
Descriptors: amines pharmacology;
bacteriological techniques; clostridium, drug effects; cyclohexanes
pharmacology; heart; morpholines pharmacology; oxazines pharmacology;
clostridium, growth and development; culture media.
Mayeux, P.; Dupepe, L.; Dunn, K.; Balsamo, J.;
Domer, J. (1995). Massive fungal contamination
in animal care facilities traced to bedding supply. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 61 (6): 2297-2301.
Descriptors: feeds; contamination;
litter; air; animal housing; digestive tract; laboratory animals
Cryptococcus uniguttulatus.
Musachio, M.B.; Karamian, N.A. (1969). Volatile amines in hospital steam systems.
Hospital 43 (15): 70-72.
Descriptors: amines; gases; maintenance
and engineering, hospital; steam; sterilization.
Orlando, R.A.; Lao, Y.J. (1993). An assessment of exposure to cyclohexylamine arising
from steam humidification of indoor air. Journal of Environmental
Health 56(5): 6-9.
Descriptors: boiler; indoor air
pollution air sampling; article; environmental exposure; humidifier; United
States; volatilization.
Pan, T.M.; Shimoda, K.; Maejima, K.; Kuhara,
T.; Tsukumi, K.; Urano, T. (1992). [Efficacy
of ozone fumigation for laboratory animal sanitation] Jikken Dobutsu.
(Experimental Animals) 41(2): 181-187.
Descriptors: laboratory animals;
fumigation; ozone pharmacology; sanitation; Bacillus, drug effects; dogs; animal
housing; mice; rabbits; rats; spores, drug effects; sterilization methods.
Porter, J.D.; Lyons, R.M. (2002). Virucidal effects of rodent cage-cleaning practices
on the viability of adenovirus vectors. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory
Animal Science 41(5): 43-46.
Descriptors: Adenoviridae physiology;
Adenoviridae infections, prevention and control; containment of biohazards
methods; disinfection methods; animal housing; animal husbandry; genetic vectors
physiology; Rodentia.
Sebesteny, A.; Milite, G.; Martelossi, P.
(1992). Microbiologically monitored fumigation
of a newly built SPF laboratory rodent facility. Laboratory Animals
26(2): 132-139.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L3
Descriptors: rats; mice; laboratories;
fumigation; gnotobiotic animals; sterilizing; methyl bromide; monitoring;
specific pathogen free laboratories.
Smith, M.D. (4 Jan 2000). Britz-Heidbrink Inc. Mini-CRADA, Powder Coating of
Animal Enclosures. Kansas City Plant, Kansas City, MO (US). Sponsor:
Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Report Number: KCP-613-6196; CRADA
96-KCP-1040 9p. Journal Announcement: USGRDR0124
Order this product from NTIS by: phone at
1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at
(703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov
NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01
Country of Publication: United States
Contract Number: AC04-76DP00613
Descriptors: animal enclosures;
coatings; animals; phosphoric acid; stainless steels; testing; powder
coatings.
Wardrip, C.L.; Artwohl, J.E.; Oswald, J.; Bennett,
B.T. (2000). Verification of bacterial killing
effects of cage wash time and temperature combinations using standard penicylinder
methods. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 39(4):
9-12.
Descriptors: laboratory animals;
anti-infective agents; bacteria; animal housing; infection control methods;
temperature; time factors.
Zwarun, A.A.; Weisbroth, S.H. (1979). Development of an 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F) temperature
indicator system for monitoring equipment washing and sanitizing programs.
Laboratory Animal Science 29(3): 395-397.
Descriptors: animal housing; sanitation
standards; temperature; thermometers.
Return to Contents
CAGE CLEANING and ANIMAL HEALTH /
BEHAVIOR EFFECTS
Carissimi, A.S.; Chaguri, L.C.A.A.; Teixeira,
M.A.; Mori, C.M.C.; Macchione, M.; Sant' Anna, E.T.G.; Saldiva, P.H.N.; Souza,
N.L.; Merusse, J.B.L. (2000). Effects of two
ventilation systems and bedding change frequency on cage environmental factors
in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Animal Technology : Journal of the Institute
of Animal Technicians 51(3): 161-170.
NAL Call Number: QL55.I5
Descriptors: rats; laboratory animals;
litter; cleaning; frequency; ventilation; ammonia; air flow; epithelium; nose;
respiratory system; membrane potential; cilia; activity.
Davis, T.S.; Virgous, C.K. (2000). Healthy looking rabbit with a decreased
appetite. Lab Animal 29(8): 19-21.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: rabbits; laboratory
animals; appetite; feed intake; feed dispensers; pelleted feeds; alfalfa meal;
anorexia; animal husbandry; cage cleaning.
Duke, J.L.; Zammit, T.G.; Lawson, D.M. (2001).
The effects of routine cage - changing on
cardiovascular and behavioral parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 40(1): 17-20.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: rats; laboratory mammals;
animal husbandry; cleaning; blood pressure; heart rate; telemetry; data
collection; physical activity; animal behavior; duration; frequency;
fearfulness; stress, arousal behavior.
Fox, J.G.; Helfrich-Smith, M.E. (1980). Chemical contamination of animal feeding systems:
evaluation of two caging systems and standard cage-washing equipment.
Laboratory Animal Science 30(6): 967-973.
NAL Call Number: 410.9 P94
Descriptors: sanitation; animal
feed.
Gray, S. Hurst, J.L. (1995). The effects of cage cleaning on aggression within
groups of male laboratory mice. Animal Behaviour 49(pt.3):
821-826.
NAL call no.: 410 B77
Descriptors: mice; aggressive behavior;
cages; cleaning; odors; male animals
Loo, P.L.P. van; Kruitwagen, C.L.J.J.; Zutphen,
L.F.M. van; Koolhaas, J.M.; Baumans, V. (2000). Modulation of aggression in male mice: influence of
cage cleaning regime and scent marks. Animal Welfare 9(3):
281-295.
NAL Call Number: HV4701.A557
Descriptors: mice; male animals;
laboratory animals; age differences; fighting; odors; litter; sawdust; nests;
social dominance; body weight; testes; testosterone; adrenal cortex;
territoriality; cages; cleaning; animal welfare; urine, group housing, nesting
material.
Milligan, S.R.; Sales, G.D.; Khirnykh, K. (1993).
Sound levels in rooms housing laboratory animals:
an uncontrolled daily variable. Physiology & Behavior 53(6):
1067-76.
Descriptors: animal welfare; laboratory
animals; arousal; noise; social environment; callithrix; cats; circadian rhythm;
ferrets; loudness perception; mice; pitch perception; psychoacoustics; rabbits;
rats; sound spectrography; species specificity; ultrasonics.
Pellowski, M.W.; Rosenwasser, A.M. (1996). Circadian
phase shifting associated with routine cage maintenance: A retrospective analysis.
Biological Rhythm Research 27(2): 130-137.
Descriptors: behavior;
biosynchronization; physiology; sense organs (sensory reception);
Cricetidae; Rodentia; Syrian hamster; cage
cleaning; lighting conditions; phase response curve.
Reeb-Whitaker, C.K. Paigen, B.; Beamer, W.G.;
Bronson, R.T.; Churchill, G.A.; Schweitzer, I.B.; Myers, D.D. (2001). The impact of reduced frequency of cage changes on the
health of mice housed in ventilated cages. Laboratory Animals
35(1): 58-73.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L3
Descriptors: liveweight gain; bites;
mice; laboratory mammals; cages; animal husbandry; air pollution; ammonia;
carbon dioxide; animal health; artificial ventilation; reproductive performance;
weaning weight; blood plasma; corticosterone; relative humidity; air
temperature; litter size; mortality; nose; epithelium; histopathology; lesions;
growth curve; leukocyte count;
Saibaba, P.; Sales, G.D.; Stodulski, G.; Hau,
J. (1996). Behaviour of rats in their home
cages: daytime variations an effects of routine husbandry procedures analysed by
time sampling techniques. Laboratory Animals 30(1): 13-21.
NAL call no.: QL55.A1L3
Descriptors: rats; activity sampling;
diurnal activity; animal husbandry
Sales, G.D.; Milligan, S.R.; Khirnykh, K. (1999).
Sources of sound in the laboratory animal environment:
A survey of the sounds produced by procedures and equipment. Animal
Welfare 8 (2): 97-115. May, 1999
Descriptors: animal welfare; laboratory
animal environment; laboratory noise; sound sources.
Sales, G.D.; Wilson, K.J.; Spencer, K.E.V.;
Milligan, S.R. (1988). Environmental ultrasound
in laboratories and animal houses: a possible cause for concern in the welfare
and use of laboratory animals. Laboratory Animals (London) 22(4):
369-375.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L3
Descriptors: laboratory animals; animal
experiments; animal welfare; animal housing; laboratories; ultrasound;
environment.
Return to Contents
SELECTED WORLD WIDE
WEBSITES
Biosafety in
Biomedical and Microbiological Laboratories
http://bmbl.od.nih.gov/contents.htm
Cage Wash Caustic Odor Exhaust. A Case
Study.
http://www.strobicair.com/pdf/CageWash.pdf
Cleaning Mickey’s Mess–How do you clean house for
130,000 mice? Article on cage cleaning robots.
http://www.emory.edu/WHSC/HSNEWS/PUB/Momentum/Spring02/lastword.html
Detach Robotic Cage Wash System (Steris
Corporation USA)--The system utilizes robots, one at each end of the cage
washer. The robot with its interchangeable mechanical gripper is programmed to
handle different cage types, baskets containing bottles or cage lids, and the
pallets on which the cages are transported.
http://www.steris.com/
IWT Cage and Rack Washers, Cabinet Washers, Bottle
Washers and Fillers, Kronos, Tunnel Washers [IWT is part of the
Techniplast Group]
http://www.iwtsrl.it/prodotti_ing.htm
Lab Animal Buyers'
Guide–Husbandry
http://guide.labanimal.com/guide/product2.jsp?a=4
NIH Policies Related to Occupational Safety and Health
in the Care and Use Laboratory Animals
http://oacu.od.nih.gov/safety/program_sum.htm
Pharmacal Research Laboratories Alkaline Detergents, Urine Scale Removers,
Disinfectants, Neutralizers-Floor Cleaners -Foam Boosters -Deodorants,
Antimicrobial Skin Care, Monitoring Products, Material Safety Data Sheets,
Automatic Chemical Dispensing Systems for Rack, Tunnel and Bottle Washing
Machines, Drum Handling Equipment, Spill Containment Pallets
http://www.pharmacal.com/chemicaldiv.htm
Roe Bio-Medical Products Vacuum Disposal System,
Automatic Dump Station, Bulk Vacuum Transfer System, Automatic Bedding
Dispenser
http://www.roebiomed.com/
Steris Cage and Rack Washing Cleaners, Cage and Rack
Washing-Bedding Equipment, Chemical Indicators, Biological
Indicators
http://www.steris.com/
Tecniplast Washing Division Introduces Kronos Bottle
Automation Technologies
http://www.tecniplastusa.com/kronos/bottlewash.html
Techniplast Waste Disposal and Cage Changing
Units
http://www.tecniplast.it/laminar.php
SANITATION
SOPS
University of California at Irvine--Changing Animals
in a Hood
http://www.rgs.uci.edu/researchprotections/iacuc/changinginahood.htm
University of California at San Francisco–Occupational
Health and Safety
in the Care and Use of Research
Animals
http://www.iacuc.ucsf.edu/Safe/OHSpdf.pdf
University of Nebraska at Lincoln–Animal Maintenance
and Management
http://www.unl.edu/research/ReComp/IACUC/mntmgmt.htm
Return to Contents
The Animal Welfare Information
Center, awic@nal.usda.gov
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/cagewash.htm
Updated
July 10, 2004
