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Dietary Supplement Use in the Elderly (CBM 2003-1)

Current Bibliographies in Medicine 2003-1


Dietary Supplement Use in the Elderly


Table of Contents


Series Note

PDF Version of This CBM

Sample Citations

Introduction

Bibliography:

General/Overviews

Usage Patterns

Surveys of Products/Use

Behavioral/Social/Cultural Factors

Interactions

Assessment Methodologies

Herbs, Botanicals, and Phytochemicals

Vitamins and Antioxidants

Hormone Products

Amino Acids and Proteins

Minerals

Dietary Fats

Other Supplements



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January 1997 through October 2002

3445 Citations


Prepared by

Karen Patrias, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Kathy Slack, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Rebecca B. Costello, Ph.D., Office of Dietary Supplements,
National Institutes of Health
Judith Chamot, M.S., R.D., Office of Dietary Supplements,
National Institutes of Health

2003 January


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health

National Library of Medicine
Reference Section
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20894


Series Note

Each bibliography in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and fulfills a current awareness function. Online databases and the Internet are the primary sources for citations in these bibliographies. Relevance to the subject is the only criterion for inclusion of works in a CBM; the format, ownership, or location of the material are not considered.

Other publications in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine series are available through the Library's World Wide Web site at pubs/resources.html

Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to:

Karen Patrias, Editor
Current Bibliographies in Medicine
Reference Section
National Library of Medicine
Bethesda, MD 20894
Phone: 301-496-6097
E-mail: custserv@nlm.nih.gov

PubMed®, LocatorPlus®, and the NLM Gateway

The Library offers three interfaces to its databases; all are available on the World Wide Web. PubMed provides access primarily to the journal literature; LocatorPlus is an online catalog of the books, journal titles, and audiovisuals held by the Library; and the NLM Gateway serves as an entry point for a variety of databases and other Library products. Further information on PubMed, LocatorPlus, and the NLM Gateway may be found at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.html.

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PDF Version of This CBM

The Portable Document Format (PDF) version of this bibliography will soon be available from elderdietsuppl.pdf.

Note that PDF documents require the use of the Adobe® Acrobat® Reader, which may be downloaded from the Adobe Web site at no charge.

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Sample Citations

Citations are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus®*. Sample journal and dissertation citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title displays in brackets; for monographs and audiovisuals the title is given in the original language. In all cases the three-letter abbreviation for the language of publication appears at the end of the citation.

An availability statement follows many journal article citations. This statement contains an Internet hyperlink to the citation in the NLM PubMed retrieval system. The PubMed record includes an abstract for most articles and may also provide a link to the publisher's Internet site.

Journal Article:

Example:
Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Nov;44(11):2531-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11710709

Order, with separating punctuation:
Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Article Title. Abbreviated Journal Title. Date;Volume(Issue):Pages. Availability.

Dissertation:

Example:
Rawson ES. Creatine supplementation in older men [dissertation]. Amherst (MA): University of Massachusetts; 2000. 222 p.

Order, with separating punctuation:
Author. Dissertation Title: Subtitle [Content Designator]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Date of Publication. Total Number of Pages.

* For details of the formats used for references, see the following publications:
Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030.

Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Supplement: Internet formats. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 2001 Jul. Available from: pubs/formats/internet.pdf

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Introduction


Dietary Supplement Use in the Elderly

In the last twenty years there has been increased recognition of the direct relationship between diet and health. Gerontologists and nutritionists are now more interested in the level of a nutrient that it takes to prevent and/or manage a chronic disease state rather than the level of a nutrient needed to prevent a deficiency disease state. In terms of nutritional needs, the elderly population is one of the most diverse and heterogeneous of any age group. Determining the nutritional needs of older adults is challenging because their physiology, medical conditions, lifestyles, and social situations are different from those of younger people.

The use of dietary supplements has increased dramatically as our knowledge about the role of nutrients and other bioactive components of food in health has increased. Much of the information about the diet and health connection that has driven this trend is related to the reduction of chronic disease risk in adults. Belief in the use of these substances for health enhancement and disease prevention has been particularly evident among the elderly. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), along with other government agencies such as the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have had a keen interest in expanding our knowledge about: (1) the bioavailability of nutrients and other bioactive components of dietary supplements; (2) the identification of critical gaps in our knowledge about the use of dietary supplements in the elderly; and (3) mechanisms of action whereby dietary supplements might delay aging, facilitate health, and prevent the progression of diseases of the elderly.

Dietary supplements encompass a wide range of products, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, and other botanicals. The amount of scientific data available on the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements varies enormously, ranging from folklore to facts. For some supplements, recommended levels for the elderly have been established through extensive research and are published, but for others, serious negative health consequences can occur, especially in relation to interactions with prescription medications.

As the third in a series of conferences focusing on dietary supplement use throughout the lifespan*, the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements and the National Institutes of Aging organized this conference titled Dietary Supplement Use in the Elderly, held on January 14-15, 2003, in Bethesda, Maryland. Cosponsors of the workshop included the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, the National Cancer Institute, the National Eye Institute, and the National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke at the NIH, and the USDA. The goals of the conference were to review the current status of the science related to dietary supplement use in the elderly. The outcomes of the conference will help guide the NIH in the development of future research initiatives in this area.

Consistent with themes developed during previous NIH workshops on dietary supplement use, the agenda of this conference included discussions of four key topical areas from a developmental and methodological perspective. The thematic topics include:

This bibliography, which was produced in support of the conference, provides a subject arrangement of citations to journal articles, technical reports, and dissertations that contain information in the field of dietary supplements and health in the elderly. It has been divided into thirteen sections and includes: (1) an overview of nutrition, physiology, and the aging process; (2) patterns of supplement use; (3) surveys of products and use; (4) behavioral, social, and cultural factors; (5) interactions of supplements with drugs, foods, and other supplements; (6) assessment methodologies; (7) herbs, botanicals, and phytochemicals; (8) vitamins and antioxidants; (9) hormone products, (10) amino acids and proteins; (11) minerals; (12) dietary fats; and (13) other types of supplements, such as probiotics and coenzyme Q10. In the first six sections, the citations have been arranged alphabetically by author name. Sections seven through thirteen have been ordered first by area of the body or function that they affect, then alphabetically by author. A citation may appear in more than one category. For example: references on β-carotene may be found both under "Vitamins and Antioxidants" and "Herbs, Botanicals, and Phytochemicals." Also included within the category of "Herbs, Botanicals, and Phytochemicals" are bioactive compounds such as the flavonoids, phytoestrogens, plant sterols, and plant stanols. Dietary fiber constituents are also included in this category.

Because the literature is extensive, this bibliography is necessarily selective. Preference has been given to reports of controlled trials, reviews, case series, and dissertations dealing with populations aged 50 and older that were published in English or which have English abstracts. Results of studies reporting both benefits and risks associated with the use of dietary supplements have been included. Observational diet studies have been included if they provided information on dietary supplements or if they provided background information or added perspective regarding the levels of consumption of important nutrients and/or bioactive compounds. It was not the focus of this bibliography to include citations whereby dietary supplements were administered to the acutely ill or provided by means other than oral intake.

The compilers wish to thank Oluchi Ukaegbu and Phyllis Levine for their technical assistance in editing this bibliography.




*Please refer to the ODS homepage http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/ for information regarding the preceding conferences in the lifespan series: "Dietary Supplement Use in Children: Who, What, Why, and Where Do We Go From Here?" held February 12-13, 2001, and "Dietary Supplement Use in Women: Current Status and Future Directions" held January 28-29, 2002.



This publication is not copyrighted and may be freely reproduced. However any reproductions of this bibliography, in whole or in part, should include all credits. If you wish to cite this bibliography, the correct format is:

Patrias, Karen; Slack, Kathy; Costello, Rebecca B.; Chamot, Judith, compilers. Dietary supplement use in the elderly [bibliography on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2003 Jan [insert cited year month day in brackets]. [insert no. of screens or lines in brackets]. (Current bibliographies in medicine; no. 2003-1). 3445 citations from January 1997 through October 2002. Available from: elderdietsuppl.html


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General Overviews


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ACOG educational bulletin. Nutrition and women. Number 229, October 1996. Committee on Educational Bulletins of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1997 Jan;56(1):71-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9049703

Akner G, Cederholm T. Treatment of protein-energy malnutrition in chronic nonmalignant disorders. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jul;74(1):6-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11451713

Albers DS, Beal MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging and neurodegenerative disease. J Neural Transm Suppl. 2000;59:133-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10961426

Alstad T, Osterberg T, Rothenberg E, Steen B, Birkhed D. Intake of monosaccharides, sucrose and fibre in the elderly--a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Scand J Nutr. 1999;43(4):147-52.

Ames BN. DNA damage from micronutrient deficiencies is likely to be a major cause of cancer. Mutat Res. 2001 Apr 18;475(1-2):7-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11295149

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Ames BN, Wakimoto P. Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk? Nat Rev Cancer. 2002 Sep;2(9):694-704. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12209158

Anti-aging products, Part I. Can supplements rewind our body clocks? Harv Womens Health Watch. 2001 Nov;9(4):2-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11724707

Ashok BT, Ali R. The aging paradox: free radical theory of aging. Exp Gerontol. 1999 Jun;34(3):293-303. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10433385

Astor BC, Muntner P, Levin A, Eustace JA, Coresh J. Association of kidney function with anemia: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1988-1994). Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jun 24;162(12):1401-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12076240

Austad SN. Why we age: what science is discovering about the body's journey through life. New York: J. Wiley & Sons; 1997. 256.

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Beal MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Aug 10;1366(1-2):211-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9714810

Beatty S, Boulton M, Henson D, Koh H-H, Murray IJ. Macular pigment and age related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 Jul;83(7):867-77. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10381676

Beatty S, Koh H-H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000 Sep-Oct;45(2):115-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11033038

Beckman KB, Ames BN. The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol Rev. 1998 Apr;78(2):547-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9562038

Beilin LJ, Burke V, Cox KL, Hodgson JM, Mori TA, Puddey IB. Non pharmacologic therapy and lifestyle factors in hypertension. Blood Press. 2001;10(5-6):352-65.

Bendich A. Micronutrients in women's health and immune function. Nutrition. 2001 Oct;17(10):858-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11684393

Bengmark S. Nutritional modulation of acute- and 'chronic'-phase responses. Nutrition. 2001 Jun;17(6):489-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11434344

Berr C, Balansard B, Arnaud J, Roussel AM, Alperovitch A. Cognitive decline is associated with systemic oxidative stress: the EVA study. Etude du Vieillissement Arteriel. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Oct;48(10):1285-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11037017

Braccio L, Camparini M, Graziosi P, Baratta G, Ferrigno L, Williams SL, Rosmini F, Sperduto R D, Maraini G. An independent evaluation of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study(AREDS) cataract grading system. Curr Eye Res. 1998 Jan;17(1):53-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9472471

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Brown NA, Bron AJ, Harding JJ, Dewar HM. Nutrition supplements and the eye. Eye. 1998;12( Pt 1):127-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9614529

Butler RN, Fossel M, Harman SM, Heward CB, Olshansky SJ, Perls TT, Rothman DJ, Rothman SM, Warner HR, West MD, Wright WE. Is there an antiaging medicine? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Sep;57(9):B333-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12196485

Butler RN, Fossel M, Pan CX, Rothman DJ, Rothman SM. Anti-aging medicine. 2. Efficacy and safety of hormones and antioxidants. Geriatrics. 2000 Jul;55(7):48-52, 55-6, 58. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10909406

Cantuti-Castelvetri I, Shukitt-Hale B, Joseph JA. Neurobehavioral aspects of antioxidants in aging. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2000 Jul-Aug;18(4-5):367-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10817921

Castle SC. Impact of age-related immune dysfunction on risk of infections. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2000 Oct;33(5):341-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11130187

Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci EL. What causes prostate cancer? A brief summary of the epidemiology. Semin Cancer Biol. 1998;8(4):263-73.

Chandra RK. Nutrition and immunology: from the clinic to cellular biology and back again. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 Aug;58(3):681-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10604203

Chandra RK. Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):460S-3S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9250133

Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Ginkgo(Part 2): clinical efficacy, dosage, and adverse effects. Hosp Pharm. 1998;33(9):1076-95.

Chernoff R. Food and nutrition services for the elderly. Health Care Food Nutr Focus. 1998 Jun;14(10):5-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10181401

Chernoff R. Nutrition and health promotion in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Oct;56 Spec No 2(2):47-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11730237

Christen WG, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH. Design of Physicians' Health Study II--a randomized trial of beta-carotene, vitamins E and C, and multivitamins, in prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease, and review of results of completed trials. Ann Epidemiol. 2000 Feb;10(2):125-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10691066

Cokolic M. Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Diabetol Croat. 1998;27(4):135-42.

Corcoran ME. Polypharmacy in the older patient with cancer. Cancer Control. 1997 Oct;4(5):419-28. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10763050

Cras P. Recent developments in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Clin Belg. 2001 Sep-Oct;56(5):269-78. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11770221

Creamer P, Flores R, Hochberg MC. Management of osteoarthritis in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 1998 Aug;14(3):435-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9664101

Daniel E . Age-related macular degeneration: a review for health educators. Am J Health Educ. 2002 Mar-Apr;33(2):109-14.

Das A. Prevention of visual loss in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999 Feb;15(1):131-44, vii. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9855663

Davis WM. Antiaging products and tactics. Drug Topics. 1997;141(4):92-101.

Deal CL. Osteoporosis: prevention, diagnosis, and management. Am J Med. 1997 Jan 27;102(1A):35S-9S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9217558

Delmas PD. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lancet. 2002 Jun 8;359(9322):2018-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12076571

Deschamps V, Barberger-Gateau P, Peuchant E, Orgogozo JM. Nutritional factors in cerebral aging and dementia: epidemiological arguments for a role of oxidative stress. Neuroepidemiology. 2001 Feb;20(1):7-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11174040

Dietary supplements reduce risk of vision loss from age-related macular degeneration. Optom Vis Sci. 2001 Dec;78(12):856. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11780662

Dror Y, Stern F, Berner YN, Kaufmann NA, Berry E, Maaravi Y, Altman H , Cohen A, Leventhal A, Kaluski DN. [Micronutrient(vitamins and minerals) supplementation for the elderly, suggested by a special committee nominated by Ministry of Health]. Harefuah. 2001 Nov;140(11):1062-7, 1117. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11759383 (Heb).

Dvorak R, Starling RD, Calles-Escandon J, Sims EA, Poehlman ET. Drug therapy for obesity in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 1997 Nov;11(5):338-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9359021

Edman JS, Williams WH, Atkins RC. Nutritional therapies for ulcerative colitis: literature review, chart review study, and future research. Altern Ther Health Med. 2000 Jan;6(1):55-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10631823

Ewies AA. A comprehensive approach to the menopause: so far, one size should fit all. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001 Oct;56(10):642-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11590315

Fano G, Mecocci P, Vecchiet J, Belia S, Fulle S, Polidori MC, Felzani G, Senin U, Vecchiet L, Beal MF. Age and sex influence on oxidative damage and functional status in human skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2001;22(4):345-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11808774

Fenech M. Micronutrients and genomic stability: a new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances(RDAs). Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Aug;40(8):1113-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12067572

Fenech M. Recommended dietary allowances(RDAs) for genomic stability. Mutat Res. 2001 Sep 1;480-481:51-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11506798

Ferrari E, Cravello L, Muzzoni B, Casarotti D, Paltro M, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Cuzzoni G, Pontiggia B, Magri F. Age-related changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: pathophysiological correlates. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001 Apr;144(4):319-29. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11275940

Ferry M. [Vitamin and mineral deficiencies during aging]. Rev Geriatr. 1998;23(3):241-6. (Fre).

Fiatarone Singh MA, Bernstein MA, Ryan ND, O'Neill EF, Clements KM, Evans WJ. The effect of oral nutritional supplements on habitual dietary quality and quantity in frail elders. J Nutr Health Aging. 2000;4(1):5-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10828934

Fillit HM, Butler RN, O'Connell AW, Albert MS, Birren JE, Cotman CW, Greenough WT, Gold PE, Kramer AF, Kuller LH, Perls TT, Sahagan BG, Tully T. Achieving and maintaining cognitive vitality with aging. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002 Jul;77(7):681-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12108606

Fillmore CM, Bartoli L, Bach R, Park Y. Nutrition and dietary supplements. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 1999 Aug;10(3):673-703. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10516985

Flanary B. The quest to extend life and overcome aging and death: Past, present, and future attempts. J Antiaging Med. 2002;5(2):161-72.

Forsyth LM, Preuss HG. Chronic fatigue syndrome and the elderly. Mature Med Can. 1999;2(3):141-3.

Franceschi S, Bidoli E, Negri E, Zambon P, Talamini R, Ruol A, Parpinel M, Levi F, Simonato L, La Vecchia C. Role of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in the aetiology of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Int J Cancer. 2000 Jun 1;86(5):626-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10797282

Freng A, Daae LN, Engeland A, Norum KR, Sander J, Solvoll K, Tretli S. Malignant epithelial tumours in the upper digestive tract: a dietary and socio-medical case-control and survival study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;52(4):271-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9578339

Fugh-Berman A, Cott JM. Dietary supplements and natural products as psychotherapeutic agents. Psychosom Med. 1999 Sep-Oct;61(5):712-28. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10511018

Fukagawa NK. Aging: is oxidative stress a marker or is it causal? Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 Dec;222(3):293-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10601888

Galan P, Preziosi P, Monget AL, Richard MJ, Arnaud J, Lesourd B, Girodon F, Alferez MJ, Bourgeois C, Keller H, Favier A, Hercberg S. Effects of trace element and/or vitamin supplementation on vitamin and mineral status, free radical metabolism and immunological markers in elderly long term-hospitalized subjects. Geriatric Network MIN. VIT. AOX. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1997;67(6):450-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9433680

Garry PJ . Aging successfully: a genetic perspective. Nutr Rev. 2001 Aug;59(8 Pt 2):S93-101. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11519675

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Hayes RB, Ziegler RG, Gridley G, Swanson C, Greenberg RS, Swanson GM, Schoenberg JB, Silverman DT, Brown LM, Pottern LM, Liff J, Schwartz AG, Fraumeni JF, Hoover RN. Dietary factors and risks for prostate cancer among blacks and whites in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999 Jan;8(1):25-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9950236

Hazra A, Kumar Tripathi S. Folic acid revisited. Indian J Pharmacol. 2001;33(5):322-42.

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Hodes RJ. Aging and the immune system. Immunol Rev. 1997 Dec;160:5-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9476660

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Hodes RJ. Meeting the challenges of an aging population. Acad Med. 1997 Oct;72(10):892-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9347711

Holund U, Thomassen A, Boysen G, Charles P, Eriksen EF, Overvad K, Petersson B, Sandstrom B, Vittrup M. Importance of diet and sex in prevention of coronary artery disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and overweight or underweight: A study of attitudes and practices of Danish primary care physicians. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;65(6 Suppl):2004S-6S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9174510

Hornick TR, Kowal J. Clinical epidemiology of endocrine disorders in the elderly. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1997 Mar;26(1):145-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9074857

Huffman GB. Evaluating and treating unintentional weight loss in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2002 Feb 15;65(4):640-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11871682

Ilich JZ, Kerstetter JE. Nutrition in bone health revisited: a story beyond calcium. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Nov-Dec;19(6):715-37. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11194525

Ito TY, Trant AS, Polan ML. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of ArginMax, a nutritional supplement for enhancement of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2001 Oct-Dec;27(5):541-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11554217

Jain AL. Influence of vitamins and trace-elements on the incidence of respiratory infection in the elderly. Nutr Res. 2002;22(1-2):85-7.

Jensen K. [Risks in connection with the intake of dietary supplements, natural products and herbal teas]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1999 May 3;161(18):2692-6. Comment in: Ugeskr Laeger. 1999 Aug 16;161(33):4654. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10434796 (Dan).

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Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Greger JL. Supplement users differ from nonusers in demographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2355-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9868181

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Morcos NC. Increase in serum high-density lipoprotein following multivitamin and multimineral supplementation in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Med Sci Res. 1999;27(2):121-5.

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Mundy GR. Osteoporosis: pathophysiology and non-pharmacological management. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2001 Dec;15(5):727-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11812018

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Murray DA. Use and limits of self-prescribed supplements by seniors. Mature Med Can. 1999;2(3):157-9.

Nandi S. Risk factors associated with low bone mineral density and hip fracture among United States females 20--90 years of age(NHANES III Study) [masters thesis]. Fort Worth(TX): University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth; 1999. 45 p.

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Russell RM. New views on the RDAs for older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997 May;97(5):515-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9145090

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Sacheck JM, Roubenoff R. Nutrition in the exercising elderly. Clin Sports Med. 1999 Jul;18(3):565-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10410842

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Sardesai VM, Myers T. Nutrient supplements in clinical care. Nutr Clin Pract. 2001 Feb;16(1):35-45.

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Schuber S. Alternatives. Pharm Technol. 1999;23(1):12.

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Slomski AJ. Doctors are selling the fountain of youth. Med Econ. 1999 Aug 9;76(15):94-6, 99. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10557824

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Wadhwa A, Sabharwal M, Sharma S. Nutritional status of the elderly. Indian J Med Res. 1997 Oct;106:340-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9361467

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Waltzer KB. Simple, sensible preventive measures for managed care settings. Geriatrics. 1998 Oct;53(10):65-8, 75-7, 81; quiz 82. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9791197

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Williams GM, Iatropoulos MJ. Alteration of liver cell function and proliferation: differentiation between adaptation and toxicity. Toxicol Pathol. 2002 Jan-Feb;30(1):41-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11890475

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Yetley EA. U.S. experience with food fortification. Public Health Rev. 2000;28(1-4):147-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11411267

Youdim KA, Joseph JA. A possible emerging role of phytochemicals in improving age-related neurological dysfunctions: a multiplicity of effects. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Mar 15;30(6):583-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11295356

Zhang H, Hsu-Hage BH, Wahlqvist ML. Longitudinal changes in nutrient intakes in the Melbourne Chinese Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr. 2002 Jun;5(3):433-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12003655

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Usage Patterns


Anantachoti P. Understanding dietary supplement use among Thai population [dissertation]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota; 2001. 177 p.

Cade J, Calvert C, Barrett J. How could the BSE crisis affect nutrient intake? Comparison of beef and non-beef eating meat eaters from the UK Women's Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Feb;52(2):151-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9505162

Choumenkovitch SF, Jacques PF, Nadeau MR, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Folic acid fortification increases red blood cell folate concentrations in the Framingham study. J Nutr. 2001 Dec;131(12):3277-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11739880

Choumenkovitch SF, Selhub J, Wilson PW, Rader JI, Rosenberg IH, Jacques PF. Folic Acid Intake from Fortification in United States Exceeds Predictions. J Nutr. 2002 Sep;132(9):2792-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12221247

Frank E, Bendich A, Denniston M. Use of vitamin-mineral supplements by female physicians in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Oct;72(4):969-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11010939

Freeman MS. Cognitive, behavioral, and environmental correlates of vitamin and mineral supplement use among independently living older adults [dissertation]. Columbia(SC): University of South Carolina; 1997. 210 p.

Guthrie JR, Ball M, Murkies A, Dennerstein L. Dietary phytoestrogen intake in mid-life Australian-born women: relationship to health variables. Climacteric. 2000 Dec;3(4):254-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11910585

Houston DK, Johnson MA, Daniel TD, Poon LW. Health and dietary characteristics of supplement users in an elderly population. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1997;67(3):183-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9202979

Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Oct;72(4):912-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11010931

Hundrup YA, Thoning H, Obel EB, Rasmussen NK, Philip J. Lifestyle factors and choice of hormone replacement therapy among Danish nurses. Scand J Public Health. 2002;30(1):47-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11928833

Jacques PF, Bostom AG, Wilson PW, Rich S, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Determinants of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):613-21. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):499-500; Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):558-9; Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):948. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11237940

Jacques PF, Selhub J, Bostom AG, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH. The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. N Engl J Med. 1999 May 13;340(19):1449-54. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):922-3; discussion 924; N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):923-4; N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):923; discussion 924. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10320382

Kirk SF, Cade JE, Barrett JH, Conner M. Diet and lifestyle characteristics associated with dietary supplement use in women. Public Health Nutr. 1999 Mar;2(1):69-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10452734

Klipstein-Grobusch K, Kroke A, Voss S, Boeing H. [Influence of lifestyle on the use of supplements in the Brandenburg nutrition and cancer study]. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1998 Mar;37(1):38-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9556866 (Ger).

Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Greger JL. Supplement users differ from nonusers in demographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2355-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9868181

Martins I, Dantas A, Guiomar S, Amorim Cruz JA. Vitamin and mineral intakes in elderly. J Nutr Health Aging. 2002;6(1):63-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11813086

McPherson RS, Feaganes JR, Siegler IC. Measurement of dietary intake in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. University of North Carolina. Prev Med. 2000 Jul;31(1):56-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10896844

Rice MM, LaCroix AZ, Lampe JW, van Belle G, Kestin M, Sumitani M, Graves AB, Larson EB. Dietary soy isoflavone intake in older Japanese American women. Public Health Nutr. 2001 Oct;4(5):943-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11784407

Sandler RS, Halabi S, Kaplan EB, Baron JA, Paskett E, Petrelli NJ. Use of vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supplements by participants in a chemoprevention trial. Cancer. 2001 Mar 1;91(5):1040-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11251957

Seow A, Poh WT, Teh M, Eng P, Wang YT, Tan WC, Chia KS, Yu MC, Lee HP. Diet, reproductive factors and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore: evidence for a protective effect of soy in nonsmokers. Int J Cancer. 2002 Jan 20;97(3):365-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11774290

Shikany JM, Witte JS. Correlations of individual plasma carotenoid concentrations in free-living older adults. Nutr Res. 2000;20(7):955-65.

Shimakawa T, Nieto FJ, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, Schreiner PJ, Szklo M. Vitamin intake: A possible determinant of plasma homocyst(e)ine among middle-aged adults. Ann Epidemiol. 1997 May;7(4):285-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9177112

Torres-Sanchez L, Lopez-Carrillo L, Lopez-Cervantes M, Rueda-Neria C, Wolff MS. Food sources of phytoestrogens and breast cancer risk in Mexican women. Nutr Cancer. 2000;37(2):134-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11142084

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Surveys of Products/Use


Bates CJ, Prentice A, Cole TJ, Van der Pols JC, Doyle W, Finch S, Smithers G, Clarke PC. Micronutrients: Highlights and research challenges from the 1994-5 National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over. Br J Nutr. 1999 Jul;82(1):7-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10655951

Bingham SA, Welch AA, McTaggart A, Mulligan AA, Runswick SA, Luben R, Oakes S, Kay Tee Khaw, Wareham N, Day NE. Nutritional methods in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer in Norfolk. Public Health Nutr. 2001 Jun;4(3):847-58. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11415493

Boker LK, Van der Schouw YT, De Kleijn MJ, Jacques PF, Grobbee DE, Peeters PH. Intake of dietary phytoestrogens by Dutch women. J Nutr. 2002 Jun;132(6):1319-28. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12042453

Brosnan S, Margetts B, Munro J, Passey C, Rivers H. The reported use of dietary supplements(sip feeds) in hospitals in Wessex, UK. Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5):445-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11534940

de Kleijn MJ, van der Schouw YT, Wilson PW, Adlercreutz H, Mazur W, Grobbee DE, Jacques PF. Intake of dietary phytoestrogens is low in postmenopausal women in the United States: the Framingham study(1-4). J Nutr. 2001 Jun;131(6):1826-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11385074

Durante KM, Whitmore B, Jones CA, Campbell NR. Use of vitamins, minerals and herbs: a survey of patients attending family practice clinics. Clin Invest Med. 2001 Oct;24(5):242-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11603508

Eichholzer M, Gutzwiller F. [The nutritional status in Switzerland--consequences for prevention]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1997 Aug 30;127(35):1450-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9381096 (Ger).

Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, McCormick D, Jain S, Eckler M, Benser M, Bates DW. Risk factors for adverse drug events among nursing home residents. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jul 9;161(13):1629-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11434795

Frank E, Bendich A, Denniston M. Use of vitamin-mineral supplements by female physicians in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Oct;72(4):969-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11010939

Gall MJ, Harmer JE, Wanstall HJ. Prescribing of oral nutritional supplements in Primary Care: can guidelines supported by education improve prescribing practice? Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;20(6):511-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11883999

Goldbohm RA, Brants HA, Hulshof KF, van den Brandt PA. The contribution of various foods to intake of vitamin A and carotenoids in The Netherlands. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(6):378-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9857265

Grabert KA. Supplement use, BMI, diet quality, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics of elderly age 60 and older: 1994--1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) [masters thesis]. Mississippi State: Mississippi State University; 2001. 62 p.

Houston DK, Johnson MA, Daniel TD, Poon LW. Health and dietary characteristics of supplement users in an elderly population. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1997;67(3):183-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9202979

Johnson EM, Wootton JC, Kimzey R, McCullagh L, Wesley R, Byrd DC, Singh KK, Rubino D, Pucino F. Use of herbal therapies by adults seen in an ambulatory care research setting: an exploratory survey. J Altern Comp Med. 2000 Oct;6(5):429-35. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11059505

Juby AG, Davis P. A prospective evaluation of the awareness, knowledge, risk factors and current treatment of osteoporosis in a cohort of elderly subjects. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12(8):617-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11580074

McKenzie JD. Vitamin-mineral supplement and herbal remedy use in community-living older adults [masters degree]. Guelph(Ontario, Canada): University of Guelph; 2000. 163 p.

Newman V, Rock CL, Faerber S, Flatt SW, Wright FA, Pierce JP. Dietary supplement use by women at risk for breast cancer recurrence. The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study Group. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Mar;98(3):285-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9508010

Nolan A. Audit of supplement use on care of the elderly and rehabilitation wards. J Hum Nutr Diet. 1999;12(5):453-8.

Pollard J, Greenwood D, Kirk S, Cade J. Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study. Appetite. 2001 Aug;37(1):71-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11562159

Rader JI. Folic acid fortification, folate status and plasma homocysteine. J Nutr. 2002 Aug;132(8 Suppl):2466S-70S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12163713

Ray JG, Cole DE, Boss SC. An Ontario-wide study of vitamin B12, serum folate, and red cell folate levels in relation to plasma homocysteine: is a preventable public health issue on the rise?. Clin Biochem. 2000 Jul;33(5):337-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11018684

Ray JG, Vermeulen MJ, Boss SC, Cole DE. Declining rate of folate insufficiency among adults following increased folic acid food fortification in Canada. Can J Public Health. 2002 Jul-Aug;93(4):249-53. Comment in: Can J Public Health. 2002 Jul-Aug;93(4):245-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12154524

Rexrode KM, Lee IM, Cook NR, Hennekens CH, Buring JE. Baseline characteristics of participants in the Women's Health Study. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000 Jan-Feb;9(1):19-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10718501

Robman LD, Tikellis G, Garrett SK, Harper CA, McNeil JJ, Taylor HR, McCarty CA. Baseline ophthalmic findings in the vitamin E, cataract and age-related maculopathy(VECAT) study. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1999 Dec;27(6):410-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10641899

Rock CL, Newman V, Flatt SW, Faerber S, Wright FA, Pierce JP. Nutrient intakes from foods and dietary supplements in women at risk for breast cancer recurrence. The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study Group. Nutr Cancer. 1997;29(2):133-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9427976

Root M. Vitamin A iron, and carotenoid status among middle-aged women in rural Cina [dissertation]. Ithaca(NY): Cornell University; 1999. 137 p.

Sheehan J, Mohamed F, Reilly M, Perry IJ. Secondary prevention following fractured neck of femur: a survey of orthopaedic surgeons practice. Ir Med J. 2000 Jun;93(4):105-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11037567

Young JA. Self-reported dietary habits and symptomatology of breast cancer survivors: A cross-sectional examination and description of dietary quality [masters thesis]. Chicago: Rush University, College of Nursing; 1999. 193 p.

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Behavioral/Social/Cultural Factors


Bermudez OI, Falcon LM, Tucker KL. Intake and food sources of macronutrients among older Hispanic adults: association with ethnicity, acculturation, and length of residence in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Jun;100(6):665-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10863569

Bernstein A, Nelson ME, Tucker KL, Layne J, Johnson E, Nuernberger A, Castaneda C, Judge JO, Buchner D, Singh MF. A home-based nutrition intervention to increase consumption of fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich foods in community dwelling elders. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Oct;102(10):1421-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12396159

Bernstein MA, Tucker KL, Ryan ND, O'Neill EF, Clements KM, Nelson ME, Evans WJ, Fiatarone Singh MA. Higher dietary variety is associated with better nutritional status in frail elderly people. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Aug;102(8):1096-104. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12171454

D'Avanzo B, La Vecchia C, Braga C, Franceschi S, Negri E, Parpinel M. Nutrient intake according to education, smoking, and alcohol in Italian women. Nutr Cancer. 1997;28(1):46-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9200150

Davis MA, Murphy SP, Neuhaus JM, Gee L, Quiroga SS. Living arrangements affect dietary quality for U.S. adults aged 50 years and older: NHANES III 1988-1994. J Nutr. 2000 Sep;130(9):2256-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10958821

Grabert KA. Supplement use, BMI, diet quality, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics of elderly age 60 and older: 1994--1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals(CSFII) [masters thesis]. Mississipppi State(MS): Mississippi State University; 2001. 62 p.

Grothey A, Duppe J, Hasenburg A, Voigtmann R. [Use of alternative medicine in oncology patients]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1998 Jul 31;123(31-32):923-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9721567 (Ger).

Holund U, Boysen G, Charles P, Eriksen EF, Overvad OK, Petersson BH, Sandstrom B, Thomassen AR, Vittrup MA. [Prevention in general practice. Are female and male patients treated the same way? A questionnaire study]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1999 Jan 4;161(1):44-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9922688 (Dan).

Holund U, Thomassen A, Boysen G, Charles P, Eriksen E F, Overvad K, Petersson B, Sandstrom B, Vittrup M. Importance of diet and sex in prevention of coronary artery disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and overweight or underweight: a study of attitudes and practices of Danish primary care physicians. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;65(6 Suppl):2004S-6S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9174510

Houston DK, Johnson MA, Daniel TD, Poon LW. Health and dietary characteristics of supplement users in an elderly population. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1997;67(3):183-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9202979

Hundrup YA, Thoning H, Obel EB, Rasmussen NK, Philip J. Lifestyle factors and choice of hormone replacement therapy among Danish nurses. Scand J Public Health. 2002;30(1):47-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11928833

Ikeda JP, Murphy S, Mitchell RA, Flynn N, Mason IJ, Lizer A, Lamp C. Dietary quality of Native American women in rural California. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Jul;98(7):812-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9664925

Kessenich CR, Guyatt GH, Rosen CJ. Health-related quality of life and participation in osteoporosis clinical trials. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Mar;62(3):189-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9501949

Kirk SF, Cade JE, Barrett JH, Conner M. Diet and lifestyle characteristics associated with dietary supplement use in women. Public Health Nutr. 1999 Mar;2(1):69-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10452734

Kris-Etherton PM, Taylor DS, Smiciklas-Wright H, Mitchell DC, Bekhuis TC, Olson BH, Slonim AB. High-soluble-fiber foods in conjunction with a telephone-based, personalized behavior change support service result in favorable changes in lipids and lifestyles after 7 weeks. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Apr;102(4):503-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11985406

Kwan LL, Bermudez OI, Tucker KL. Low vitamin B-12 intake and status are more prevalent in Hispanic older adults of Caribbean origin than in neighborhood-matched non-Hispanic whites. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):2059-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12097693

Lawson RM, Doshi MK, Ingoe LE, Colligan JM, Barton JR, Cobden I. Compliance of orthopaedic patients with postoperative oral nutritional supplementation. Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;19(3):171-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10895107

Maskarinec G, Murphy S, Shumay DM, Kakai H. Dietary changes among cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care(Engl). 2001 Mar;10(1):12-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11827263

McKenzie JD. Vitamin-mineral supplement and herbal remedy use in community-living older adults [masters thesis]. Guelph(Ontario, Canada): University of Guelph; 2000. 163 p.

Rock CL, Thornquist MD, Neuhouser ML, Kristal AR, Neumark-Sztainer D, Cooper DA, Patterson RE, Cheskin LJ. Diet and lifestyle correlates of lutein in the blood and diet. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):525S-30S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880586

Tucker K. Dietary patterns and blood pressure in African Americans. Nutr Rev. 1999 Nov;57(11):356-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10628188

Tucker KL, Chen H, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Felson D, Kiel DP. Bone mineral density and dietary patterns in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):245-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12081842

Van Benschoten MM. Acupoint energetics of nutritional supplement intolerance: patient self-prescribing may impair clinical progress. Am J Acupunct. 1999;27(1-2):57-69. Comment in: Am J Acupunct.1999;27(3-4):243-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10513099

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Interactions

With Prescription Drugs(incl. Anesthetics)


Bernard SA, Bruera E. Drug interactions in palliative care. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Apr;18(8):1780-99. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10764440

Bradford GS, Taylor CT. Omeprazole and vitamin B12 deficiency. Ann Pharmacother. 1999 May;33(5):641-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10369631

Bransgrove LL. Interaction between warfarin and a vitamin K-containing nutritional supplement: A case report. J Herbal Pharmacother. 2001;1(1):85-9.

Davis NB, Nahlik L, Vogelzang NJ. Does PC-SPEs interact with warfarin? J Urol. 2002 Apr;167(4):1793. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11912419

Dharmarajan TS, Kumar A, Pitchumoni CS. Drug-nutrient interactions in older adults. Pract Gastroenterol. 2002;26(4):37-55.

Ernst E. The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: Ginkgo, St. John's Wort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jan 1;136(1):42-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11777363

Ernst E. Second thoughts about safety of St John's wort. Lancet. 1999 Dec 11;354(9195):2014-6. Erratum in: Lancet 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):580; Comment in: Lancet. 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):575; Lancet. 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):575-6; Lancet. 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):576; Lancet. 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):576-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10636361

Ginkgo biloba/trazodone coma. Nurses Drug Alert. 2000 Aug;24(8):61-2.

Gold JL, Laxer DA, Dergal JM, Lanctot KL, Rochon PA. Herbal-drug therapy interactions: a focus on dementia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001 Jan;4(1):29-34. Comment in: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001 Jan;4(1):1-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11122556

Holliman BJ, Chyka PA. Problems in assessment of acute melatonin overdose. South Med J. 1997 Apr;90(4):451-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9114843

Horowitz S. Combining supplements and prescription drugs: What your patients need to know. Altern Complement Ther. 2000;6(4):177-83.

Izzo AA, Ernst E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review. Drugs. 2001;61(15):2163-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11772128

Jappe U, Franke I, Reinhold D, Gollnick HP. Sebotropic drug reaction resulting from kava-kava extract therapy: a new entity? J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Jan;38(1):104-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9448214

Jitapunkul S, Lertkupinit C, Jongsitimahakul A, Suteparuk S. Use of drugs and adverse reactions in medical inpatients. J Med Assoc Thai. 1997 Oct; 80(10):636-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10904566

Kersting F, Selenka A, Walch S. Effects of cholestyramine on vitamin E levels in patients treated with statins. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;40(12 Pt 2):1476-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11185669

Lambert JP, Cormier A. Potential interaction between warfarin and boldo-fenugreek. Pharmacotherapy. 2001 Apr;21(4):509-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11310527

Landbo C, Almdal TP. [Interaction between warfarin and coenzyme Q10]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1998 May 25;160(22):3226-7. Comment in: Ugeskr Laeger. 1998 Aug 17;160(34):4916. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9621803 (Dan).

Lantz MS, Buchalter E, Giambanco V. St. John's wort and antidepressant drug interactions in the elderly. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1999 Spring;12(1):7-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10447148

Lee SC, Park SW, Kim DK, Lee SH, Hong KP. Iron supplementation inhibits cough associated with ACE inhibitors. Hypertension. 2001 Aug;38(2):166-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11509470

Nebel A, Schneider BJ, Baker RK, Kroll DJ. Potential metabolic interaction between St. John's wort and theophylline. Ann Pharmacother. 1999 Apr;33(4):502. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10332544

Page RL, Lawrence JD. Potentiation of warfarin by dong quai. Pharmacotherapy. 1999 Jul;19(7):870-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10417036

Rhodes-Kropf J, Lantz MS. Alternative medicine: achieving balance between herbal remedies and medical therapy. Geriatrics. 2001 Aug;56(8):44-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11505860

Shaw HS, Kroll DJ. The convergence of herb pharmacodynamics and herb-drug interactions on hemostasis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):46-7. Comment on: Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):58-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11712470

Singh N, Singh PN, Hershman JM. Effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of levothyroxine. JAMA. 2000 Jun 7;283(21):2822-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10838651

Smolinske SC. Dietary supplement-drug interactions. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 1999 Fall;54(4):191-2, 195. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10531760

Thomas JA, Burns RA. Important drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 1998 Sep;13(3):199-209. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9789724

White R, Ashworth A. How drug therapy can affect, threaten and compromise nutritional status. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2000;13(2):119-29.

Wu CM, Hasinoff BB, Campbell NR. Drug interactions with iron: implications for drug therapy in the aged. Pharm News. 2001;8(6):36-41.

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With Foods


Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I. Cinnamon-induced oral erythema multiformelike sensitivity reaction. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000 Jul;131(7):929-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10916331

Corrao G, Torchio P, Zambon A, D'Amicis A, Lepore AR, Di Orio F. Alcohol consumption and micronutrient intake as risk factors for liver cirrhosis: A case-control study. Ann Epidemiol. 1998 Apr;8(3):154-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9549000

Hermus RJ, Severs AH. [Clinical significance of extra vitamin supplements and enriched food products]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1999 Apr 24;143(17):889-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10347664 (Dut).

Jarup L, Berglund M, Elinder CG, Nordberg G, Vahter M. Health effects of cadmium exposure - A review of the literature and a risk estimate. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24 Suppl 1:1-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9569444

Kaltwasser JP, Werner E, Schalk K, Hansen C, Gottschalk R, Seidl C. Clinical trial on the effect of regular tea drinking on iron accumulation in genetic haemochromatosis. Gut. 1998 Nov;43(5):699-704. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9824354

Lonnerdal B. Does a high dietary intake of calcium adversely affect iron status in humans? Scand J Nutr Naringsforsk. 1999;43(2):82-4.

Mizushima S, Tsuchida K, Yamori Y. Preventive nutritional factors in epidemiology: interaction between sodium and calcium. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1999 Jul;26(7):573-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10405793

Swain JH, Alekel DL, Dent SB, Peterson CT, Reddy MB. Iron indexes and total antioxidant status in response to soy protein intake in perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;76(1):165-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12081830

Tahiri M, Tressol JC, Arnaud J, Bornet F, Bouteloup-Demange C, Feillet-Coudray C, Ducros V, Pepin D, Brouns F, Rayssiguier AM, Coudray C. Five-week intake of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides increases intestinal absorption and status of magnesium in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Nov;16(11):2152-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11697813

Temme EH, Van Hoydonck PG. Tea consumption and iron status. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):379-86. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12001007

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With Other Supplements


Brustbauer R, Wenisch C. [Bradycardiac atrial fibrillation after consuming herbal tea]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1997 Jul 25;122(30):930-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9280706 (Ger).

Brzoska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. Interactions between cadmium and zinc in the organism. Food Chem Toxicol. 2001 Oct;39(10):967-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11524135

Campbell WW, Beard JL, Joseph LJ, Davey SL, Evans WJ. Chromium picolinate supplementation and resistive training by older men: effects on iron-status and hematologic indexes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):944-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322572

Gulbranson SH, Mock RE, Wolfrey JD. Possible ergotamine-caffeine-associated delirium. Pharmacotherapy. 2002 Jan;22(1):126-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11794425

Hathcock JN. Vitamins and minerals: efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):427-37. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9250127

Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 5;345(1):66-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11439958

Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Palta M, Bowen PE, Greger JL. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Feb;69(2):272-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9989692

Solomons NW, Ruz M. Zinc and iron interaction: concepts and perspectives in the developing world. Nutr Res. 1997 Jan;17(1):177-85.

VandenLangenberg GM, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein R, Klein BE, Brady WE, Palta M. Associations between antioxidant and zinc intake and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 15;148(2):204-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9676703

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Assessment Methodologies


Abbasi AA, Mattson DE, Duthie EH, Wilson C, Sheldahl L, Sasse E, Rudman IW. Predictors of lean body mass and total adipose mass in community-dwelling elderly men and women. Am J Med Sci. 1998 Mar;315(3):188-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9519932

Acworth IN, Bogdanov MB, McCabe DR, Beal MF. Estimation of hydroxyl free radical levels in vivo based on liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Methods Enzymol. 1999;300:297-313. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9919532

Aldini G, Yeum KJ, Russell RM, Krinsky NI. A method to measure the oxidizability of both the aqueous and lipid compartments of plasma. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Nov 1;31(9):1043-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11677037

Ambrosini GL, de Klerk NH, Musk AW, Mackerras D. Agreement between a brief food frequency questionnaire and diet records using two statistical methods. Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2):255-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11299099

Bachli E, Fehr J. [Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency: only apparently child's play]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1999 Jun 12;129(23):861-72. Comment in: Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1999 Oct 9;129(40):1468-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10420442 (Ger).

Baker SG, Kramer BS. Good for women, good for men, bad for people: Simpson's paradox and the importance of sex-specific analysis in observational studies. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2001 Nov;10(9):867-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11747681

Baker SG, Kramer BS. The transitive fallacy for randomized trials: If A bests B and B bests C in separate trials, is A better than C? BMC Med Res Methodol. 2002 Nov 13;2(1):13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12429069

Baker SG, Kramer BS, Prorok PC. Statistical issues in randomized trials of cancer screening. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2002 Sep 19;2(1):11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12238954

Baker SG, Kramer BS, Srivastava S. Markers for early detection of cancer: Statistical guidelines for nested case-control studies. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2002;2(1):4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11914137

Baker SG, Lindeman KS, Kramer BS. The Paired Availability Design for Historical Controls. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2001;1(1):9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11602018

Ballew C, Bowman BA, Russell RM, Sowell AL, Gillespie C, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES III). Serum retinyl esters are not associated with biochemical markers of liver dysfunction in adult participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES III), 1988--1994. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 May;73(5):934-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11333848

Barr SI, Murphy SP, Poos MI. Interpreting and using the dietary references intakes in dietary assessment of individuals and groups. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Jun;102(6):780-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12067043

Bingham SA. Dietary assessments in the European prospective study of diet and cancer(EPIC). Eur J Cancer Prev. 1997 Apr;6(2):118-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9237058

Bingham SA, Gill C, Welch A, Cassidy A, Runswick SA, Oakes S, Lubin R, Thurnham DI, Key TJ, Roe L, Khaw KT, Day NE. Validation of dietary assessment methods in the UK arm of EPIC using weighed records, and 24-hour urinary nitrogen and potassium and serum vitamin C and carotenoids as biomarkers. Int J Epidemiol. 1997;26 Suppl 1:S137-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9126542

Blalock SJ, Currey SS, DeVellis RF, Anderson JJ, Gold DT, Dooley MA. Using a short food frequency questionnaire to estimate dietary calcium consumption: a tool for patient education. Arthritis Care Res. 1998 Dec;11(6):479-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10030180

Block G, Dietrich M, Norkus EP, Morrow JD, Hudes M, Caan B, Packer L. Factors associated with oxidative stress in human populations. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Aug 1;156(3):274-85. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12142263

Bogdanov MB, Beal MF, McCabe DR, Griffin RM, Matson WR. A carbon column-based liquid chromatography electrochemical approach to routine 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine measurements in urine and other biologic matrices: a one-year evaluation of methods. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Sep;27(5-6):647-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10490286

Bostom AG, Selhub J, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH. Power Shortage: clinical trials testing the "homocysteine hypothesis" against a background of folic acid-fortified cereal grain flour. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jul 17;135(2):133-7. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2002 Aug 20;137(4):295-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11453713

Branca F, Hanley AB, Pool-Zobel B, Verhagen H. Biomarkers in disease and health. Br J Nutr. 2001 Aug;86 Suppl 1:S55-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11520424

Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Jacobs EJ, Almon ML, Chao A, McCullough ML, Feigelson HS, Thun MJ. The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Cancer. 2002 May 1;94(9):2490-501. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12015775

Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Jacobs EJ, Almon ML, Chao A, McCullough ML, Feigelson HS, Thun MJ. The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics. Cancer. 2002 Jan 15;94(2):500-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11900235

Calvert C, Cade J, Barrett JH, Woodhouse A. Using cross-check questions to address the problem of mis-reporting of specific food groups on Food Frequency Questionnaires. UKWCS Steering Group. United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study Steering Group. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;51(10):708-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9347293

Chevion M, Berenshtein E, Stadtman ER. Human studies related to protein oxidation: protein carbonyl content as a marker of damage. Free Radic Res. 2000 Nov;33 Suppl:S99-108. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11191280

Chew EY. Surrogate outcomes for clinical trials: use with caution. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Apr;119(4):576-8. Comment on: Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Apr;119(4):547-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11296024

Christen S, Jiang Q, Shigenaga MK, Ames BN. Analysis of plasma tocopherols alpha, gamma, and 5-nitro-gamma in rats with inflammation by HPLC coulometric detection. J Lipid Res. 2002 Nov;43(11):1978-85. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12401897

Comstock GW, Burke AE, Hoffman SC, Norkus EP, Gross M, Helzlsouer KJ. The repeatability of serum carotenoid, retinoid, and tocopherol concentrations in specimens of blood collected 15 years apart. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Jan;10(1):65-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11205491

Craig MR, Kristal AR, Cheney CL, Shattuck AL. The prevalence and impact of 'atypical' days in 4-day food records. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Apr;100(4):421-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10767897

Cunningham AR, Klopman G, Rosenkranz HS. Identification of structural features and associated mechanisms of action for carcinogens in rats. Mutat Res. 1998 Aug 31;405(1):9-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9729240

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Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Adlercreutz H, Akhmedkhanov A, Toniolo P. Reliability of serum measurements of lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens over a two-year period. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Oct;7(10):885-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9796633

Ziegler RG. The future of phytochemical databases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jul;74(1):4-5. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jul;74(1):141-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11451712

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Herbs, Botanicals, and Phytochemicals

General/Multiple Health Issues


Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H, Kasuga S, Itakura Y. Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3s):955S-62S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11238796

Bagchi D, Das DK, Tosaki A, Bagchi M, Kothari SC. Benefits of resveratrol in women's health. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2001;27(5-6):233-48. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11951581

Bagchi D, Preuss HG, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ. Phytoestrogen, resveratrol and women's health. Res Commun Pharmacol Toxicol. 2000;5(1-2):107-21.

Balk J. Phytoestrogens. Curr Probl Obstet Gynecol Fertil. 2001 Apr;24(2):58-84.

Bassett S. Herbal drugs: medicines or food supplements? Manuf Chem. 2000;71(1):16-8.

Bloch A, Thomson CA. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Phytochemicals and functional foods. J Neutraceuticals Funct Med Foods. 1997;1(1):33-45.

Borek C. Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3s):1010S-5S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11238807

Brosche T, Platt D. Effect of borage oil consumption on fatty acid metabolism, transepidermal water loss and skin parameters in elderly people. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2000;30(2):139-50.

Brumley C. Herbs and the perioperative patient. AORN Journal. 2000 Nov;72(5):785-94, 796; quiz 798-804. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11098361

Burton JL, Wells M. The effect of phytoestrogens on the female genital tract. J Clin Pathol. 2002 Jun;55(6):401-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12037019

Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Saw palmetto. Hosp Pharm. 1998;33(11):1335-61.

Clifton-Bligh PB, Baber RJ, Fulcher GR, Nery ML, Moreton T. The effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover(Rimostil) on lipid and bone metabolism. Menopause. 2001 Jul-Aug;8(4):259-65. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11449083

Clostre F. [Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761). State of knowledge in the dawn of the year 2000]. Ann Pharm Fr. 1999 Jul;57 Suppl 1:1S8-88. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10481350 (Fre).

Colodny L, Hoffman RL. Inositol--clinical applications for exogenous use. Altern Med Rev. 1998 Dec;3(6):432-47. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9855568

Cooper DA, Eldridge AL, Peters JC. Dietary carotenoids and certain cancers, heart disease, and age-related macular degeneration: a review of recent research. Nutr Rev. 1999 Jul;57(7):201-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10453174

Dantas SM. Menopausal symptoms and alternative medicine. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns. 1999;6(6):212-20.

Davis SR, Dalais FS, Simpson ER, Murkies AL. Phytoestrogens in health and disease. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1999;54:185-210; discussion 210-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10548876

Davis SR, Murkies AL, Wilcox G. Phytoeestrogens in clinical practice. Integr Med. 1998;1(1):27-34.

Diamond BJ, Shiflett SC, Feiwel N, Matheis RJ, Noskin O, Richards JA, Schoenberger NE. Ginkgo biloba extract: mechanisms and clinical indications. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 May;81(5):668-78. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10807109

Doerge DR, Chang HC. Inactivation of thyroid peroxidase by soy isoflavones, in vitro and in vivo. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Sep 25;777(1-2):269-79. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12270219

Drapier-Faure E. [Phytoestrogens: Therapeutics use]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2001 Feb;29(2):141-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11262850 (Fre).

Ernst E. Herbal medicines: where is the evidence? BMJ. 2000 Aug 12;321(7258):395-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10938031

Esteves EA, Monteiro JB. [Beneficial effects of soy isoflavones on chronic diseases]. Rev Nutr. 2001;14(1):43-52. (Por).

Fahey JW, Clevidence BA, Russell RM. Methods for assessing the biological effects of specific plant components. Nutr Rev. 1999 Sep;57(9 Pt 2):S34-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10568349

Fernandes G. Beta-carotene supplementation: friend or foe? J Lab Clin Med. 1997 Mar;129(3):285-7. Comment on: J Lab Clin Med. 1997 Mar;129(3):309-17. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9042812

Geiger JD. Adverse events associated with supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. Clin J Sport Med. 2002 Jul;12(4):263. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12150162

Gerster H. The potential role of lycopene for human health. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Apr;16(2):109-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9100211

Ginsburg J, Prelevic GM. Lack of significant hormonal effects and controlled trials of phyto-oestrogens. Lancet. 2000 Jan 15;355(9199):163-4. Comment in: Lancet.2000 Mar 4;355(9206):849. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10675113

Holmes P, Harrison PT. Environmental and dietary endocrine disruptors and women's health. J Br Menopause Soc. 2001;7(2):53-9.

Humfrey CD. Phytoestrogens and human health effects: weighing up the current evidence. Nat Toxins. 1998;6(2):51-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9888630

Iwai N, Ohshiro H, Kurozawa Y, Hosoda T, Morita H, Funakawa K, Okamoto M, Nose T. Relationship between coffee and green tea consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of a rural Japanese population. J Epidemiol. 2002 May;12(3):191-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12164320

Kim H, Xu J, Su Y, Xia H, Li L, Peterson G, Murphy-Ullrich J, Barnes S. Actions of the soy phytoestrogen genistein in models of human chronic disease: potential involvement of transforming growth factor beta. Biochem Soc Trans. 2001 May;29(Pt 2):216-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11356157

Knipschild PG, Hoerr R, Oschmann R, van Rossum E, van Dongen MC. Optimization of placebos for double-blind clinical trials. Experience with a phytopharmaceutical. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998 Oct;48(10):1033-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9825123

Kurzer MS, Xu X. Dietary phytoestrogens. Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:353-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9240932

Le Bars PL, Kastelan J. Efficacy and safety of a Ginkgo biloba extract. Public Health Nutr. 2000 Dec;3(4A):495-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11276297

Lee IM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Beta-carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Dec 15;91(24):2102-6. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Dec 15;91(24):2068-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10601381

Leenen R, Roodenburg AJ, Tijburg LB, Wiseman SA. A single dose of tea with or without milk increases plasma antioxidant activity in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;54(1):87-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10694777

Lock M, Loblaw DA, Choo R, Imrie K. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and PC-SPES: a case report and literature review. Can J Urol. 2001 Aug;8(4):1326-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11564276

Lu LJ, Tice JA, Bellino FL. Phytoestrogens and healthy aging: gaps in knowledge. A workshop report. Menopause. 2001 May-Jun;8(3):157-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11355037

Mares-Perlman JA, Millen AE, Ficek TL, Hankinson SE. The body of evidence to support a protective role for lutein and zeaxanthin in delaying chronic disease. Overview. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):518S-24S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880585

Mason P. Isoflavones. Pharm J. 2001;266(7129):16-9.

Massey LK. Caffeine and the elderly. Drugs Aging. 1998 Jul;13(1):43-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9679208

McKenna DJ, Jones K, Hughes K. Efficacy, safety, and use of ginkgo biloga in clinical and preclinical applications. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 Sep-Oct;7(5):70-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11565403

Messina MJ. Legumes and soybeans: overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):439S-50S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10479216

Milbury PE, Cao G, Prior RL, Blumberg J. Bioavailablility of elderberry anthocyanins. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002 Apr 30;123(8):997-1006. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12044949

Milner JA. Foods and health promotion: the case for cranberry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2002;42(3 Suppl):265-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12058983

Morien K. Review confirms ginkgo's benefits. Herbalgram. 2000;48:22-3.

Morton MS. Phyto-oestrogens: are they useful in cancer and menopause? Proc Nutr Soc Aust. 2000;24:55-62.

Murkies A. Phytoestrogens--what is the current knowledge? Aust Fam Physician. 1998 Jan;27 Suppl 1:S47-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9503737

Murkies AL, Wilcox G. A GP's guide to phytoestrogens. Mod Med Aust. 1998;41(3):26-31.

Murkies AL, Wilcox G, Davis SR. Clinical review 92: Phytoestrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Feb;83(2):297-303. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9467531

Nagourney RA. Garlic: medicinal food or nutritious medicine? J Med Food. 1998 Spring;1(1):13-28.

Ness J, Sherman FT, Pan CX. Alternative medicine: what the data say about common herbal therapies. Geriatrics. 1999 Oct;54(10):33-8, 40, 43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10542859

Nitzan-Kaluski D, Stern F, Kachel J, Leventhal A. [Soy and phytoestrogens consumption and health policy hesitation or certitude]. Harefuah. 2002 Jan;141(1):61-6, 125. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11851111 (Heb).

Paiva SA, Russell RM. Beta-carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Oct;18(5):426-33. Comment in: J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Oct;18(5):424-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10511324

Polkowski K, Mazurek AP. Biological properties of genistein. A review of in vitro and in vivo data. Acta Pol Pharm. 2000 Mar-Apr;57(2):135-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10934794

Russell RM. Physiological and clinical significance of carotenoids. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(6):349-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9857260

Sabar R, Kaye AD, Frost EA. Perioperative considerations for the patient on herbal medicines. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2001 Oct;16(3):287-314. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11789467

Sabar R, Kaye AD, Frost EA. Perioperative considerations for the patient taking herbal medicines. Heart Dis. 2001 Mar-Apr;3(2):87-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11975777

Scheiber MD, Liu JH, Subbiah MT, Rebar R W, Setchell KD. Dietary inclusion of whole soy foods results in significant reductions in clinical risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in normal postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):384-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11528367

Seidl MM, Stewart DE. Alternative treatments for menopausal symptoms. Systematic review of scientific and lay literature. Can Fam Physician. 1998 Jun;44 :1299-308. Erratum in: Can Fam Physician 1998 Aug;44:1598 . Available from: PubMed; PMID 9640524

Setchell KD, Cassidy A. Dietary isoflavones: biological effects and relevance to human health. J Nutr. 1999 Mar;129(3):758S-67S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10082786

Sirtori CR. Risks and benefits of soy phytoestrogens in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis. Drug Saf. 2001;24(9):665-82. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11522120

Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Bowen PE, Hussain EA, Damayanti-Wood BI, Farnsworth NR. Chemical composition and potential health effects of prunes: a functional food? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001 May;41(4):251-86. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11401245

Taylor M. Nonhormonal alternatives for the menopause syndrome. Infertil Reprod Med Clin North Am. 2001;12(3):669-85.

Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Clinical review 97: Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Jul;83(7):2223-35. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9661587

Tsubono Y, Takahashi T, Iwase Y, Iitoi Y, Akabane M, Tsugane S. Dietary differences with green tea intake among middle-aged Japanese men and women. Prev Med. 1997 Sept-Oct;26(5 Pt 1):704-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9327480

Uhlenbruck G, Golz R. [Characteristics of green tea - A review]. Z Onkol. 1998;30(3):57-63. (Ger).

Vogler BK, Pittler MH, Ernst E. The efficacy of ginseng. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;55(8):567-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10541774

Waddell DL, Hummel ME, Sumners AD. Three herbs you should get to know. Am J Nurs. 2001 Apr;101(4):48-53; quiz 54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11301684

Waggle DH, Potter SM. Soy protein and health. Food Aust. 2000 Jan-Feb;52(1-2):31-6.

Wangen KE. Effects of isoflavones on concentrations of lipids and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women [dissertation]. Minneapolis(MN): University of Minnesota; 2000. 130 p.

Whitehouse PJ, Arizaga R, Brodaty H, Gauthier S, Graham N, Green RC, Homma A, Mangone C, Senanarong V, Xu XH. Placebos in clinical trials in Alzheimer disease: an international discussion. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1999 Jul-Sep;13(3):121-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10485568

Williams GM, Williams CL, Weisburger JH. Diet and cancer prevention: the fiber first diet. Toxicol Sci. 1999 Dec;52(2 Suppl):72-86. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10630594

Wilson JA. Constipation in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999;15(3):499-510. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10393738

Wu AH, Yang D, Pike MC. A meta-analysis of soyfoods and risk of stomach cancer: the problem of potential confounders. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Oct;9(10):1051-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11045787

Yoshikawa T, Naito Y, Kondo M. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract: review of biological actions and clinical applications. Antioxid Redox Signal. 1999 Winter;1(4):469-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11233145

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Anti-Aging


Guo C, Wilkens LR, Maskarinec G, Murphy S. Examining associations of brain aging with midlife tofu consumption. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Aug;19(4):467-8. Comment on: J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Apr;19(2):242-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10963466

Schneider RH, Alexander CN, Salerno JW, Robinson DK Jr, Fields JZ, Nidich SI. Disease prevention and health promotion in the aging with a traditional system of natural medicine: Maharishi Vedic Medicine. J Aging Health. 2002 Feb;14(1):57-78. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11892761

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Bone and Muscle Health


Adami S, Bufalino L, Cervetti R, Di Marco C, Di Munno O, Fantasia L, Isaia GC, Serni U, Vecchiet L, Passeri M. Ipriflavone prevents radial bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass over 2 years. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(2):119-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9166391

Affinito P, Palomba S, Sorrentino C, Pellicano M, Morgera R, Nappi C. [Postmenopausal osteoporosis: therapeutical approaches]. Minerva Ginecol. 1997 Mar;49(3):109-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9173338 (Ita).

Agnusdei D, Bufalino L. Efficacy of ipriflavone in established osteoporosis and long-term safety. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997;61 Suppl 1:S23-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263613

Agnusdei D, Crepaldi G, Isaia G, Mazzuoli G, Ortolani S, Passeri M, Bufalino L, Gennari C. A double blind, placebo-controlled trial of ipriflavone for prevention of postmenopausal spinal bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997 Aug;61(2):142-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9236262

Albertazzi P. Purified phytoestrogens in postmenopausal bone health: is there a role for genistein? Climacteric. 2002 Jun;5(2):190-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12051115

Alekel DL, Germain AS, Peterson CT, Hanson KB, Stewart JW, Toda T. Isoflavone-rich soy protein isolate attenuates bone loss in the lumbar spine of perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):844-52. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):679-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10966908

Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Nov;44(11):2531-8. Comment in: Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Nov;44(11):2461-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11710709

Anderson JJ, Garner SC. The effects of phytoestrooens on bone. Nutr Res. 1997;17(10):1617-32.

Anderson JJ, Garner SC. Phytoestrogens and bone. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Dec;12(4):543-57. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10384812

Appelboom T, Schuermans J, Verbruggen G, Henrotin Y, Reginster JY. Symptoms modifying effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables(ASU) in knee osteoarthritis. A double blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(4):242-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11578021

Arjmandi BH. The role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in ovarian hormone deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5 Suppl):398S-402S; discussion 417S-420S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11603649

Arjmandi BH, Khalil DA, Lucas EA, Georgis A, Stoecker BJ, Hardin C, Payton ME, Wild RA. Dried plums improve indices of bone formation in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):61-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11860726

Avioli LV. The future of ipriflavone in the management of osteoporotic syndromes. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997;61 Suppl 1:S33-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263615

Bliddal H, Rosetzsky A, Schlichting P, Weidner MS, Andersen LA, Ibfelt HH, Christensen K, Jensen ON, Barslev J. A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of ginger extracts and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000 Jan;8(1):9-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10607493

Blotman F, Maheu E, Wulwik A, Caspard H, Lopez A. Efficacy and safety of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. A prospective, multicenter, three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 1997 Dec;64(12):825-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9476272

Brynin R. Soy and its isoflavones: a review of their effects on bone density. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Aug;7(4):317-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12197783

Cecchini MG, Fleisch H, Muhibauer RC. Ipriflavone inhibits bone resorption in intact and ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997;61 Suppl 1:S9-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263609

Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, Guedon D, Vandermander J, Fournie B. Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine. 2000 Jun;7(3):177-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11185727

Chrubasik S, Eisenberg E, Balan E, Weinberger T, Luzzati R, Conradt C. Treatment of low back pain exacerbations with willow bark extract: a randomized double-blind study. Am J Med. 2000 Jul;109(1):9-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10936472

Chrubasik S, Kunzel O, Black A, Conradt C, Kerschbaumer F. Potential economic impact of using a proprietary willow bark extract in outpatient treatment of low back pain: an open non-randomized study. Phytomedicine. 2001 Jul;8(4):241-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11515713

Chrubasik S, Kunzel O, Model A, Conradt C, Black A. Treatment of low back pain with a herbal or synthetic anti-rheumatic: a randomized controlled study. Willow bark extract for low back pain. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2001 Dec;40(12):1388-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11752510

Cook A, Pennington G. Phytoestrogen and multiple vitamin/mineral effects on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women: a pilot study. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):53-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11860725

Dalais FS, Rice GE, Wahlqvist ML, Grehan M, Murkies AL, Medley G, Ayton R, Strauss BJ. Effects of dietary phytoestrogens in postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 1998 Jun;1(2):124-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11907915

Di Leo C, Tarolo GL, Bestetti A, Tagliabue L, Del Sole A, Aliberti G, Cestaro B, Pepe L. [Osteoporosis and phytoestrogens: an assessment of bone mineral density via quantitative peripheral computed tomography in milk-egg-vegetarian women in the premenopause]. Radiol Med(Torino). 2000 Apr;99(4):250-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10884825 (Ita).

Gambacciani M, Cappagli B, Piaggesi L, Ciaponi M, Genazzani AR. Ipriflavone prevents the loss of bone mass in pharmacological menopause induced by GnRH-agonists. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997;61 Suppl 1:S15-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263611

Gambacciani M, Ciaponi M, Cappagli B, Piaggesi L, Genazzani AR. Effects of combined low dose of the isoflavone derivative ipriflavone and estrogen replacement on bone mineral density and metabolism in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1997 Sep;28(1):75-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9391998

Gennari C, Adami S, Agnusdei D, Bufalino L, Cervetti R, Crepaldi G, Di Marco C, Di Munno O, Fantasia L, Isaia GC, Mazzuoli G F, Ortolani S, Passeri M, Serni U, Vecchiet L. Effect of chronic treatment with ipriflavone in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997;61 Suppl 1:S10-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263612

Gennari C, Agnusdei D, Crepaldi G, Isaia G, Mazzuoli G, Ortolani S, Bufalino L, Passeri M. Effect of ipriflavone--a synthetic derivative of natural isoflavones--on bone mass loss in the early years after menopause. Menopause. 1998 Spring;5(1):9-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9689189

Halpner AD, Kellermann G, Ahlgrimm MJ, Arndt CL, Shaikh NA, Hargrave JJ, Tallas PG. The effect of an ipriflavone-containing supplement on urinary N-linked telopeptide levels in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000 Nov;9(9):995-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11103099

Hansen SA, Folsom AR, Kushi LH, Sellers TA. Association of fractures with caffeine and alcohol in postmenopausal women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Public Health Nutr. 2000 Sep;3(3):253-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10979145

Heaney RP, Abrams S, Dawson-Hughes B, Looker A, Marcus R, Matkovic V, Weaver C. Peak bone mass. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(12):985-1009. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11256898

Hegarty VM, May HM, Khaw KT. Tea drinking and bone mineral density in older women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Apr;71(4):1003-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10731510

Ho SC, Chan SG, Yi Q, Wong E, Leung PC. Soy intake and the maintenance of peak bone mass in Hong Kong Chinese women. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Jul;16(7):1363-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11450713

Jung YB, Roh KJ, Jung JA, Jung K, Yoo H, Cho YB, Kwak WJ, Kim DK, Kim KH, Han CK. Effect of SKI 306X, a new herbal anti-arthritic agent, in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Am J Chin Med. 2001;29(3-4):485-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11789591

Katase K, Kato T, Hirai Y, Hasumi K, Chen JT. Effects of ipriflavone on bone loss following a bilateral ovariectomy and menopause: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Calcif Tissue Int. 2001 Aug;69(2):73-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11683426

Klammer SL. Relationships between estimated life-cycle caffeine intake, serum sex hormone levels and bone mineral analyses in post-menopausal women [masters thesis]. Denton(TX): Texas Woman's University; 1999. 128 p.

Kritz-Silverstein D, Goodman-Gruen DL. Usual dietary isoflavone intake, bone mineral density, and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;11(1):69-78. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11860727

Leblan D, Chantre P, Fournie B. Harpagophytum procumbens in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis. Four-month results of a prospective, multicenter, double-blind trial versus diacerhein. Joint Bone Spine. 2000;67(5):462-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11143915

Lequesne M, Maheu E, Cadet C, Dreiser RL. Structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on joint space loss in osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Feb;47(1):50-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11932878

Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Mauger EA, Cusatis DC. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Apr;19(2):256-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10763907

Lloyd T, Rollings N, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Chinchilli VM. Dietary caffeine intake and bone status of postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;65(6):1826-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9174479

Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker BJ, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1527-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11932276

Maheu E, Mazieres B, Valat JP, Loyau G, Le Loet X, Bourgeois P, Grouin JM, Rozenberg S. Symptomatic efficacy of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial with a six-month treatment period and a two-month followup demonstrating a persistent effect. Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Jan;41(1):81-91. Comment in: Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Sep;41(9):1705. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9433873

Makita K, Ohta H. [Ipriflavone in the treatment of osteoporosis]. Nippon Rinsho. 2002 Mar;60 Suppl 3:359-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11979930 (Jpn).

Messina M, Messina V. Soyfoods, soybean isoflavones, and bone health: a brief overview. J Ren Nutr. 2000 Apr;10(2):63-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10757817

Piscoya J, Rodriguez Z, Bustamante SA, Okuhama NN, Miller MJ, Sandoval M. Efficacy and safety of freeze-dried cat's claw in osteoarthritis of the knee: mechanisms of action of the species Uncaria guianensis. Inflamm Res. 2001 Sep;50(9):442-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11603848

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Cancer


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de la Taille A, Hayek OR, Buttyan R, Bagiella E, Burchardt M, Katz AE. Effects of a phytotherapeutic agent, PC-SPES, on prostate cancer: a preliminary investigation on human cell lines and patients. BJU Int. 1999 Nov;84(7):845-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10532984

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Feng W, Nagai J, Ikekawa T. [A clinical pilot study of EEM for advanced cancer - Treatment with EEM for improvement of cachexia and immune function compared with MPA]. Biotherapy(Tokyo). 2001;15(6):691-6. (Jpn).

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Fujiki H. Two stages of cancer prevention with green tea. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1999 Nov;125(11):589-97. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10541965

Gann PH, Ma J, Giovannucci E, Willett W, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ. Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: results of a prospective analysis. Cancer Res. 1999 Mar 15;59(6):1225-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10096552

Garcia-Closas R, Gonzalez CA, Agudo A, Riboli E. Intake of specific carotenoids and flavonoids and the risk of gastric cancer in Spain. Cancer Causes Control. 1999 Feb;10(1):71-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10334645

Garewal HS, Katz RV, Meyskens F, Pitcock J, Morse D, Friedman S, Peng Y, Pendrys DG, Mayne S, Alberts D, Kiersch T, Graver E. Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Dec;125(12):1305-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10604407

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of tomato products, lycopene, and prostate cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Mar 6;94(5):391-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880478

Goodman MT, Wilkens LR, Hankin JH, Lyu LC, Wu AH, Kolonel LN. Association of soy and fiber consumption with the risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Aug 15;146(4):294-306. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9270408

Green A, Williams G, Neale R, Del Mar C. Daily use of beta carotene supplements did not prevent skin cancer, but daily sunscreen use reduced the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas: Commentary. Evid Based Med. 2000;5(3):91.

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Hauns B, Haring B, Kohler S, Mross K, Robben-Bathe P, Unger C. Phase II study with 5-fluorouracil and ginkgo biloba extract(GBE 761 ONC) in patients with pancreatic cancer. Arzneimittelforschung. 1999 Dec;49(12):1030-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10635450

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Cardiovascular Health


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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


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Lingaerde O, Foreland AR, Magnusson A. Can winter depression be prevented by Ginkgo biloba extract? A placebo-controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999 Jul;100(1):62-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10442441

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Meletis CD, Bramwell B. Natural therapies to preserve and enhance cognition and memory. Altern Complement Ther. 2001;7(5):273-6.

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Mysiw WJ, Clinchot DM. Medications to enhance cognitive functioning. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am. 1997;8(4):781-800.

Nathan PJ, Clarke J, Lloyd J, Hutchison CW, Downey L, Stough C. The acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera(Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy normal subjects. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jun;16(4):345-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12404571

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Tang XC, Han YF. Pharmacological profile of huperzine A, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herb. CNS Drug Rev. 1999 Fall;5(3):281-300.

Udani JK. Extract of ginkgo biloba for treatment of dementia. Integr Med. 1998 Winter;1(1):43-4.

van Dongen MC, van Rossum E, Kessels AG, Sielhorst HJ, Knipschild PG. The efficacy of ginkgo for elderly people with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: new results of a randomized clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Oct;48(10):1183-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11037003

Vorbach EU, Arnoldt KH, Hubner WD. Efficacy and tolerability of St. John's wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997 Sep;30 Suppl 2:81-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9342765

Watkins LL, Connor KM, Davidson JR. Effect of kava extract on vagal cardiac control in generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary findings. J Psychopharmacol. 2001 Dec;15(4):283-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11769822

Wesnes KA, Faleni RA, Hefting NR, Hoogsteen G, Houben JJ, Jenkins E , Jonkman JH, Leonard J, Petrini O, van Lier JJ. The cognitive, subjective, and physical effects of a ginkgo biloba/panax ginseng combination in healthy volunteers with neurasthenic complaints. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1997;33(4):677-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9493479

Wesnes KA, Ward T, McGinty A, Petrini O. The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers. Psychopharmacology(Berl). 2000 Nov;152(4):353-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11140327

Wettstein A. Cholinesterase inhibitors and Gingko extracts--are they comparable in the treatment of dementia? Comparison of published placebo-controlled efficacy studies of at least six months' duration. Phytomedicine. 2000 Jan;6(6):393-401. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10755847

Wheatley D. LI 160, an extract of St. John's wort, versus amitriptyline in mildly to moderately depressed outpatients--a controlled 6-week clinical trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1997 Sep;30 Suppl 2:77-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9342764

Williams JW, Mulrow CD, Chiquette E, Noel PH, Aguilar C, Cornell J. A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: evidence report summary. Ann Intern Med. 2000 May 2;132(9):743-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10787370

Wincor MZ. Ginkgo biloba for dementia: a reasonable alternative? J Am Pharm Assoc(Wash). 1999 May-Jun;39(3):415-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10363472

Winther K, Randlov C, Rein E, Mehlsen J. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive function and blood pressure in elderly subjects. Curr Ther Res. 1998 Dec;59(12):881-8.

Wolff S. Is cognitive function improved by Ginkgo biloba? Aust J Med Herbal. 2001;13(3):97-105.

Xu SS, Cai ZY, Qu ZW, Yang RM, Cai YL, Wang GQ, Su XQ, Zhong XS , Cheng RY, Xu WA, Li JX, Feng B. Huperzine-A in capsules and tablets for treating patients with Alzheimer disease. ZhongguoYao Li Xue Bao. 1999 Jun;20(6):486-90. Erratum in: Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1999 Aug;20(8):732. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10678137

Xu SS, Gao ZX, Weng Z, Du ZM, Xu WA, Tong ZH, Yang JS, Zhang ML, Fang YS, Chai XS, Li SL. Efficacy of tablet huperzine-A on memory, cognition and behavior in Alzheimer's disease. Int Med J. 1997 Jun;4(2):127-31.

Youdim KA, Spencer JP, Schroeter H, Rice-Evans C. Dietary flavonoids as potential neuroprotectants. Biol Chem. 2002 Mar-Apr;383(3-4):503-19. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12033439

Zoller B, Hock C, Kull HU. [Rational therapy of Alzheimer dementia based on current clinical studies]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2001 May 10;90(19):827-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11407240 (Ger).

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Gastrointestinal Health


Bliss DZ, Jung HJ, Savik K, Lowry A, LeMoine M, Jensen L, Werner C, Schaffer K. Supplementation with dietary fiber improves fecal incontinence. Nurs Res. 2001 Jul-Aug;50(4):203-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11480529

Fidelholtz J, Smith W, Rawls J, Shi Y, Zack A, Ruegg P, Lefkowitz M. Safety and tolerability of tegaserod in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 May;97(5):1176-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12014724

Havelund T, Aalykke C. The efficacy of a pectin-based raft-forming anti-reflux agent in endoscopy-negative reflux disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Aug;32(8):773-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9282968

Havelund T, Aalykke C, Rasmussen L. Efficacy of a pectin-based anti-reflux agent on acid reflux and recurrence of symptoms and oesophagitis in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997 May;9(5):509-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9187886

Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, Huang CK, Poon SK. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol. 1997 Dec;32(6):765-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9430014

Mahady GB, Matsuura H, Pendland SL. Allixin, a phytoalexin from garlic, inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Dec;96(12):3454-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11774979

Mahady GB, Pendland S. Garlic and Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1):309. Comment on: Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 May;94(5):1200-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10638609

Mahady GB, Pendland SL. Resveratrol inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jul;95(7):1849. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10926010

May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Dec;14(12):1671-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11121917

Mendoza LA, King MS. Family practice rounds. An older woman with intractable nausea. Fam Pract Recertif. 2002 Feb;24(2):19-21, 25.

Nir Y, Potasman I, Stermer E, Tabak M, Neeman I. Controlled trial of the effect of cinnamon extract on Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter. 2000 Jun;5(2):94-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10849058

Ramesh PR, Kumar KS, Rajagopal MR, Balachandran P, Warrier PK. Managing morphine-induced constipation: a controlled comparison of an Ayurvedic formulation and senna. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998 Oct;16(4):240-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9803051

Shulman LM, Minagar A, Weiner WJ. Perdiem causing esophageal obstruction in Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1999 Feb;52(3):670-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10025817

Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Bowen PE, Hussain EA, Damayanti-Wood BI, Farnsworth NR. Chemical composition and potential health effects of prunes: a functional food? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001 May;41(4):251-86. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11401245

Tramonte SM, Brand MB, Mulrow CD, Amato MG, O'Keefe ME, Ramirez G. The treatment of chronic constipation in adults. A systematic review. J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Jan;12(1):15-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9034942

Zumarraga L, Levitt MD, Suarez F. Absence of gaseous symptoms during ingestion of commercial fibre preparations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1997 Dec;11(6):1067-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9663831

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Immune System Health


Aittoniemi J, Koskinen S, Laippala P, Laine S, Miettinen A. The significance of IgG subclasses and mannan-binding lectin(MBL) for susceptibility to infection in apparently healthy adults with IgA deficiency. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999 Jun;116(3):505-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10361242

Henneicke-von Zepelin H, Hentschel C, Schnitker J, Kohnen R, Kohler G, Wustenberg P. Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination phytomedicine in the treatment of the common cold(acute viral respiratory tract infection): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre study. Curr Med Res Opin. 1999;15(3):214-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10621929

Hughes DA. Dietary carotenoids and human immune function. Nutrition. 2001 Oct;17(10):823-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11684388

Inserra PF, Jiang S, Solkoff D, Lee J, Zhang Z, Xu M, Hesslink R Jr, Wise J, Watson RR. Immune function in elderly smokers and nonsmokers improves during supplementation with fruit and vegetable extracts. Integr Med. 1999;2(1):3-10.

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Connelly PW, Jackson CJ, Parker T, Faulkner D, Vidgen E. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone(phytoestrogen) soy foods on inflammatory biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in middle-aged men and women. Metab Clin Exp. 2002 Jul;51(7):919-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12077742

Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):189-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11697022

Lamm DL, Riggs DR. Enhanced immunocompetence by garlic: role in bladder cancer and other malignancies. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3s):1067S-70S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11238818

Murosaki S, Yamamoto Y, Ikematsu H, Yukami S, Nomoto K. [Effects of intake of nigerooligosaccharides-supplemented syrup on the immune function and quality of life in the healthy elderly]. Jpn Pharmacol Ther. 2001;29(11):815-26. (Jpn).

Pedersen A, Gerner N, Palmvang I, Hoier-Madsen M. LongoVital in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999 Sep-Oct;17(5):533-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10544835

Sander O, Herborn G, Rau R. [Is H15(resin extract of Boswellia serrata, "incense") a useful supplement to established drug therapy of chronic polyarthritis? Results of a double-blind pilot study]. Z Rheumatol. 1998 Feb;57(1):11-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9566100 (Ger).

Santos MS, Gaziano JM, Leka LS, Beharka AA, Hennekens CH, Meydani SN. Beta-carotene-induced enhancement of natural killer cell activity in elderly men: an investigation of the role of cytokines. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jul;68(1):164-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9665110

Santos MS, Leka LS, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Meydani M, Hennekens CH, Gaziano JM, Meydani SN. Short- and long-term beta-carotene supplementation do not influence T cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):917-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322568

Vonau B, Chard S, Mandalia S, Wilkinson D, Barton SE. Does the extract of the plant Echinacea purpurea influence the clinical course of recurrent genital herpes? Int J STD AIDS. 2001 Mar;12(3):154-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11231867

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Adlercreutz H. Environmental estrogens their effect on human health and disease. Rev Clin Pharmacol Pharmacokinet(Int Ed). 2001;15(3):129-40.

Albert A, Altabre C, Baro F, Buendia E, Cabero A, Cancelo MJ, Castelo-Branco C, Chantre P, Duran M, Haya J, Imbert P, Julia D, Lanchares J L, Llaneza P, Manubens M, Minano A, Quereda F, Ribes C, Vazquez F. Efficacy and safety of a phytoestrogen preparation derived from Glycine max(L.) Merr in climacteric symptomatology: a multicentric, open, prospective and non-randomized trial. Phytomedicine. 2002 Mar;9(2):85-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11995954

Albertazzi P, Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, Zanotti L, Forini E, De Aloysio D. The effect of dietary soy supplementation on hot flushes. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Jan;91(1):6-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9464712

Albertazzi P, Pansini F, Bottazzi M, Bonaccorsi G, De Aloysio D, Morton MS. Dietary soy supplementation and phytoestrogen levels. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Aug;94(2):229-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10432133

Albertazzi P, Purdie DW. The nature and utility of the phytoestrogens: a review of the evidence. Maturitas. 2002 Jul 25;42(3):173. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12161041

Alexandersen P, Toussaint A, Christiansen C, Devogelaer JP, Roux C, Fechtenbaum J, Gennari C, Reginster JY. Ipriflavone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001 Mar 21;285(11):1482-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11255425

Anderson JJ, Anthony MS, Cline JM, Washburn SA, Garner SC. Health potential of soy isoflavones for menopausal women. Public Health Nutr. 1999 Dec;2(4):489-504. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10656468

Anderson JW, Blake JE, Turner J, Smith BM. Effects of soy protein on renal function and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Dec;68(6 Suppl):1347S-53S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9848497

Archer DF. The past, the present and the future of oestrogen and progestogen therapy for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. J Br Menopause Soc. 2000;6 Suppl 3:9-14.

Arena S, Rappa C, Del Frate E, Cenci S, Villani C. [A natural alternative to menopausal hormone replacement therapy. Phytoestrogens]. Minerva Ginecol. 2002 Feb;54(1):53-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11828270 (Ita).

Baber RJ, Templeman C, Morton T, Kelly GE, West L. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of an isoflavone supplement and menopausal symptoms in women. Climacteric. 1999 Jun;2(2):85-92. Erratum in: Climacteric. 1999;2(3):vi; Comment in: Climacteric.1999 Jun;2(2):73-4; Climacteric. 1999 Jun;2(2):75-8; Climacteric. 2000 Mar;3(1):71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11910672

Balk JL, Whiteside DA, Naus G, DeFerrari E, Roberts JM. A pilot study of the effects of phytoestrogen supplementation on postmenopausal endometrium. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2002 Jul-Aug;9(4):238-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12113884

Berga SL. Phytoestrogens: alternative or complementary? Menopause. 2000 Jul-Aug;7(4):213-4. Comment on: Menopause. 2000 Jul-Aug;7(4):236-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10914613

Blostein-Fujii A, DiSilvestro RA, Frid D, Katz C. Short term citrus flavonoid supplementation of type II diabetic women: no effect on lipoprotein oxidation tendencies. Free Radic Res. 1999 Apr;30(4):315-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10230810

Bonina FP, Leotta C, Scalia G, Puglia C, Trombetta D, Tringali G, Roccazzello AM, Rapisarda P, Saija A. Evaluation of oxidative stress in diabetic patients after supplementation with a standardised red orange extract. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2002 Feb;15(1):14-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11942734

Borrelli F, Ernst E. Cimicifuga racemosa: a systematic review of its clinical efficacy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;58(4):235-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12136368

Brown GA, Vukovich MD, Martini ER, Kohut ML, Franke WD, Jackson DA, King DS. Effects of androstenedione-herbal supplementation on serum sex hormone concentrations in 30- to 59-year-old men. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2001 Sep;71(5):293-301. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11725694

Brzezinski A, Debi A. Phytoestrogens: the "natural" selective estrogen receptor modulators? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1999 Jul; 85(1):47-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10428321

Calabrese G. Nonalcoholic compounds of wine: the phytoestrogen resveratrol and moderate red wine consumption during menopause. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1999;25(2-3):111-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10370872

Carusi D. Phytoestrogens as hormone replacement therapy: an evidence-based approach. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns. 2000 Nov 1;7(6):253-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11077239

Chavez M. Soybeans as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. J Herbal Pharmacother. 2001;1(1):91-9.

Chavez ML, Spitzer MF. Herbals and other dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome and menopause. Psychiatr Ann. 2002 Jan;32(1):61-71.

Chiechi L, Secreto G, D'Amore M, Fanelli M, Venturelli E, Cantatore F, Valerio T, Laselva G, Loizzi P. Efficacy of a soy rich diet in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis: the Menfis randomized trial. Maturitas. 2002 Aug 30;42(4):295-300. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12191852

Chiechi LM, Lobascio A, Grillo A, Valerio T, Pompea Schiavelli M. [Recruitment strategies for a randomized clinical study]. Minerva Ginecol. 2000 Jan-Feb;52(1-2):1-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10851856 (Ita).

Clarkson TB. Soy phytoestrogens: their role in the treatment of menopausal syndromes. Infertil Reprod Med Clin North Am. 2001;12(3):649-67.

Clarkson TB, Anthony MS, Williams JK, Honore EK, Cline JM. The potential of soybean phytoestrogens for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1998 Mar;217(3):365-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9492349

Duncan AM. Hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in pre- and postmenopausal women [dissertation]. Minneapolis(MN): University of Minnesota; 1999. 176 p.

Duncan AM, Underhill KE, Xu X, Lavalleur J, Phipps WR, Kurzer MS. Modest hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Oct;84(10):3479-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10522983

Eden J. Phytoestrogens and the menopause. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Dec;12(4):581-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10384814

Elkind-Hirsch K. Effect of dietary phytoestrogens on hot flushes: can soy-based proteins substitute for traditional estrogen replacement therapy? Menopause. 2001 May-Jun;8(3):154-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11355036

Ernst E. Herbalism and the menopause. J Br Menopause Soc. 2002;8(2):72-4.

Ewies AA. A comprehensive approach to the menopause: so far, one size should fit all. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001 Oct;56(10):642-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11590315

Ewies AA. Phytoestrogens in the management of the menopause: up-to-date. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2002 May;57(5):306-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11997677

Faure ED, Chantre P, Mares P. Effects of a standardized soy extract on hot flushes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause. 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):329-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12218721

Ferko N, Levine MA. Evaluation of the association between St. John's wort and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pharmacotherapy. 2001 Dec;21(12):1574-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11765308

Fitzpatrick LA. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and phytoestrogens: new therapies for the postmenopausal women. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999 Jun;74(6):601-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10377937

Ford ES, Will JC, Bowman BA, Narayan KM. Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jan 15;149(2):168-76. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9921962

Fugh-Berman A, Kronenberg F. Red clover(Trifolium pratense) for menopausal women: current state of knowledge. Menopause. 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):333-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11528359

Gallagher JC. Meeting the bean half way. Menopause. 2001 May-Jun;8(3):152-3. Comment on: Menopause. 2001 May-Jun;8(3):157-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11355035

Ginsburg J, Prelevic GM. Lack of significant hormonal effects and controlled trials of phyto-oestrogens. Lancet. 2000 Jan 15;355(9199):163-4. Comment in: Lancet.2000 Mar 4;355(9206):849. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10675113

Glazier MG, Bowman MA. A review of the evidence for the use of phytoestrogens as a replacement for traditional estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med. 2001 May 14;161(9):1161-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11343439

Haddad NG, Fuqua JS. Phytoestrogens: effects on the reproductive system. Endocrinologist. 2001;11(6):498-505.

Hale GE, Hughes CL, Robboy SJ, Agarwal SK, Bievre M. A double-blind randomized study on the effects of red clover isoflavones on the endometrium. Menopause. 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):338-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11528360

Han KK, Soares JM Jr, Haidar MA, de Lima GR, Baracat EC. Benefits of soy isoflavone therapeutic regimen on menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Mar;99(3):389-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11864664

Herrington D. Role of estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators and phytoestrogens in cardiovascular protection. Can J Cardiol. 2000 Aug;16 Suppl E:5E-9E. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10906617

Hirata JD, Swiersz LM, Zell B, Small R, Ettinger B. Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 1997 Dec;68(6):981-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9418683

Hunter A. Cimicifuga racemosa: pharmacology, clinical trials and clinical use. Eur J Herbal Med. 1999 Winter;5(1):19-25.

Husband AJ. Red clover isoflavone supplements: Safety and pharmacokinetics. J Br Menopause Soc. 2001;7 Suppl 1:4-7.

Hutchins AM. Chemopreventative properties of flax in postmenopausal women [dissertation]. Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota; 1999. 164 p.

Hutchins AM, Martini MC, Olson BA, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Flaxseed consumption influences endogenous hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39(1):58-65. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11588903

Hutchins AM, Martini MC, Olson BA, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Flaxseed influences urinary lignan excretion in a dose-dependent manner in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Oct;9(10):1113-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11045796

Jakes RW, Alexander L, Duffy SW, Leong J, Chen LH, Lee WH. Dietary intake of soybean protein and menstrual cycle length in pre-menopausal Singapore Chinese women. Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2):191-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11299091

Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJ, Zdravkovic U, Wursch P, Vuksan V. Depression of the glycemic index by high levels of beta-glucan fiber in two functional foods tested in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;56(7):622-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12080401

Jones KP. Menopause and cognitive function: estrogens and alternative therapies. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Mar;43(1):198-206. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10695000

Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA. The effect of Promensil, an isoflavone extract, on menopausal symptoms. Climacteric. 1999 Jun;2(2):79-84. Comment in: Climacteric.1999 Jun;2(2):73-4; Climacteric.1999 Jun;2(2):75-8; Climacteric. 2000 Mar;3(1):71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11910671

Knight DC, Howes JB, Eden JA, Howes LG. Effects on menopausal symptoms and acceptability of isoflavone-containing soy powder dietary supplementation. Climacteric. 2001 Mar;4(1):13-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11379373

Kolarov G, Nalbanski B, Kamenov Z, Orbetsova M, Georgiev S, Nikolov A, Marinov B. [Possibilities for an individualized approach to the treatment of climacteric symptoms with phytoestrogens]. Akush Ginekol(Sofiia). 2001;40(4):18-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11803864 (Bul).

Kotsopoulos D, Dalais FS, Liang YL, McGrath BP, Teede HJ. The effects of soy protein containing phytoestrogens on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 2000 Sep;3(3):161-7. Comment in: Climacteric. 2000 Sep;3(3):153-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11910617

Lambrinoudaki I, Creatsas G. Clinical effectiveness of phytoestrogens in women. Rev Clin Pharmacol Pharmacokinet(Int Ed). 2001;15(3):153-6.

Lieberman S. A review of the effectiveness of Cimicifuga racemosa(black cohosh) for the symptoms of menopause. J Womens Health. 1998 Jun;7(5):525-9. Comment in: J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 1999 May;8(4):431-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9650153

Liske E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecologic disorders. Adv Ther. 1998 Jan-Feb;15(1):45-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10178637

Liske E, Hanggi W, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH, Boblitz N, Wustenberg P, Rahlfs VW. Physiological investigation of a unique extract of black cohosh(Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma): a 6-month clinical study demonstrates no systemic estrogenic effect. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Mar;11(2):163-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11975864

Liu S, Ajani U, Chae C, Hennekens C, Buring JE, Manson JE. Long-term beta-carotene supplementation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Sep 15;282(11):1073-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10493207

Lotke PS. Phytoestrogens: a potential role in hormone replacement therapy. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns. 1998;5(6):290-5.

Manuel y Keenoy B, Vertommen J, De Leeuw I. The effect of flavonoid treatment on the glycation and antioxidant status in Type1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 1999 Aug;12(4):256-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10782751

McKenna DJ, Jones K, Humphrey S, Hughes K. Black cohosh: efficacy, safety, and use in clinical and preclinical applications. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):93-100. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11347288

Menche-Schuh B. [Using traditional Chinese medicine in a treatment strategy for climacteric disorders in gynecological practice]. Chinesische Med. 2000;15(4):113-23. (Ger).

Messina M. Soyfoods and soybean phyto-oestrogens(isoflavones) as possible alternatives to hormone replacement therapy(HRT). Eur J Cancer. 2000 Sep;36 Suppl 4:S71-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11056326

Murkies A, Dalais FS, Briganti EM, Burger HG, Healy DL, Wahlqvist ML, Davis SR. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a case control study. Menopause. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):289-96. Comment in: Menopause. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):283-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10993028

Murkies AL, Teede HJ, Davis SR. What is the role of phytoestrogens in treating menopausal symptoms? Med J Aust. 2000 Nov 6;173 Suppl:S97-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11149376

Nachtigall LE. Isoflavones in the management of menopause. J Br Menopause Soc. 2001;7 Suppl 1:8-12.

Naftolin F, Guadalupe Stanbury M. Phytoestrogens: are they really estrogen mimics? Fertil Steril. 2002 Jan;77(1):15-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11779585

Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kawakami N, Shimizu H. Soy product intake and hot flashes in Japanese women: results from a community-based prospective study. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Apr 15;153(8):790-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11296152

Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kawakami N, Shimizu H. Soy product intake and premenopausal hysterectomy in a follow-up study of Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Sep;55(9):773-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11528492

Nicholls J. Effects of isoflavone phytoestrogens in soy on estrogen-sensitive tissues [dissertation]. Davis(CA): University of California, Davis; 1999. 341 p.

Nobata S, Ohira T, Nagae H, Ushiyama T, Suzuki K, Fujita K. [Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism in a patient with a non-functioning adrenal tumor]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 2001 Sep;47(9):633-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11692600 (Jpn).

Nozaki M, Hashimoto K, Inoue Y, Ogata R, Okuma A, Nakano H. Treatment of bone loss in oophorectomized women with a combination of ipriflavone and conjugated equine estrogen. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1998 Jul;62(1):69-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9722129

Pathak P, Srivastava S, Grover S. Development of food products based on millets, legumes and fenugreek seeds and their suitability in the diabetic diet. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2000 Sep;51(5):409-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11103307

Patisaul HB. Neuroendocrine effects of dietary phytoestrogens [dissertation]. Atlanta(GA): Emory University; 2001. 163 p.

Pepping J. Black cohosh: Cimicifuga racemosa. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999 Jul 15;56(14):1400-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10428447

Persky VW, Turyk ME, Wang L, Freels S, Chatterton R, Barnes S, Erdman J, Sepkovic DW, Bradlow HL, Potter S. Effect of soy protein on endogenous hormones in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jan;75(1):145-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11756072

Pfeifer BL, Pirani JF, Hamann SR, Klippel KF. PC-SPES, a dietary supplement for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2000 Mar;85(4):481-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10691828

Phipps WR, Wangen KE, Duncan AM, Merz-Demlow BE, Xu X, Kurzer MS. Lack of effect of isoflavonic phytoestrogen intake on leptin concentrations in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2001 Jun;75(6):1059-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11384628

Pinkerton JV. Perspectives of an experienced clinician. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1998;53(10 Suppl):S69-70.

Porterfield H. UsToo PC-SPES surveys: review of studies and update of previous survey results. Mol Urol. 2000 Fall;4(3):289-91; discussion 293. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11062386

Potter SM, Baum JA, Teng H, Stillman RJ, Shay NF, Erdman JW. Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Dec;68(6 Suppl):1375S-9S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9848502

Rees M. The menopause: Opinion. Complement Med Bull. 2000 Nov;2(6):2.

Reinhard-Hennch B. [Phytoestrogens in postmenopause]. Erfahrungsheilkunde. 2002 Mar;51(3):166-71. (Ger).

Robb-Nicholson C. By the way, Doctor. I've seen advertisements for red clover as a treatment for menopausal symptoms. Is it an effective alternative to hormone replacement therapy(HRT)? Harv Womens Health Watch. 2001 Dec;9(5):7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11751101

The role of isoflavones in menopausal health: consensus opinion of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2000 Jul-Aug;7(4):215-29. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10914614

Ryan EA, Imes S, Wallace C, Jones S. Herbal tea in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Clin Invest Med. 2000 Oct;23(5):311-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11055324

Rygwelski JM, Smith MA. Dietary soy and hot flushes. J Fam Pract. 1998 Apr;46(4):276-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9564361

Scambia G, Mango D, Signorile PG, Anselmi Angeli RA, Palena C, Gallo D, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P, Riva A, Mancuso S. Clinical effects of a standardized soy extract in postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Menopause. 2000 Mar-Apr;7(2):105-11. Comment in: Menopause. 2000 Mar-Apr;7(2):71-5; Menopause. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):76-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10746892

Sheehan JP, Wei IW, Ulchaker M, Tserng KY. Effect of high fiber intake in fish oil-treated patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;66(5):1183-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9356537

St Germain A, Peterson CT, Robinson JG, Alekel DL. Isoflavone-rich or isoflavone-poor soy protein does not reduce menopausal symptoms during 24 weeks of treatment. Menopause. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):17-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11201510

Upmalis DH, Lobo R, Bradley L, Warren M, Cone FL, Lamia CA. Vasomotor symptom relief by soy isoflavone extract tablets in postmenopausal women: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Menopause. 2000 Jul-Aug;7(4):236-42. Erratum in: Menopause 2000 Nov-Dec;7(6):422; Comment in: Menopause. 2000 Jul-Aug;7(4):213-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10914616

van de Weijer P, Barentsen R. Isoflavones from red clover(Promensil(R)) significantly reduce menopausal hot flush symptoms compared with placebo. Maturitas. 2002 Jul 25;42(3):187-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12161042

Van Patten CL, Olivotto IA, Chambers GK, Gelmon KA, Hislop TG, Templeton E, Wattie A, Prior JC. Effect of soy phytoestrogens on hot flashes in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 15;20(6):1449-55. Comment in: J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 15;20(6):1436-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11896091

Vincent A, Fitzpatrick LA. Soy isoflavones: are they useful in menopause? Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Nov;75(11):1174-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11075748

Warren MP, Shortle B, Dominguez JE. Use of alternative therapies in menopause. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2002 Jun;16(3):411-48. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12099671

Whitten PL, Naftolin F. Reproductive actions of phytoestrogens. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Dec;12(4):667-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10384819

Wiklund IK, Mattsson LA, Lindgren R, Limoni C. Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1999;19(3):89-99. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10761538

Woods M. Effect of a soy dietary supplement on menopausal symptoms and hormones in women at high risk of breast cancer: Final report 30 Sep 1994-29 Sep 1999. Boston(MA): Tufts University School of Medicine; 1999 Oct. 29 p. Contract No.: DAMD1794C4120. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; ADA391244. Sponsored by the US Army.

Woods MN. Effect of a soy dietary supplement on menopausal symptoms and hormones in women at high risk of breast cancer: Annual report 30 Sep 95-29 Sep 96. Boston(MA): Tufts University School of Medicine; 1996 Oct. 28 p. Contract No.: DAMD1794C4120. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; ADA3229911. Sponsored by the US Army.

Woods MN. Effect of a soy dietary supplement on menopausal symptoms and hormones in women at high risk of breast cancer: Annual report 30 Sep 94-29 Sep 95. Boston(MA): Tufts University School of Medicine; 1995 Oct. 168 p. Contract No.: DAMD1794C4120. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; ADA3024619. Sponsored by the US Army.

Woods MN. Effect of a soy dietary supplement on menopausal symptoms and hormones in women at high risk of breast cancer: Annual report 30 Sep 96-29 Sep 97. Boston(MA): Tufts University School of Medicine; 1997 Oct. 13 p. Contract No.: DAMD17-94-C-4120. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; AD-A336 566. Sponsored by the US Army.

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Sexual Function/Genitourinary Health


Bryant CM, Dowell CJ, Fairbrother G. Caffeine reduction education to improve urinary symptoms. Br J Nurs. 2002 Apr 25-May 8;11(8):560-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11979209

Gerber GS, Kuznetsov D, Johnson BC, Burstein JD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of saw palmetto in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology. 2001 Dec;58(6):960-4; discussion 964-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11744467

Gerber GS, Zagaja GP, Bales GT, Chodak GW, Contreras BA. Saw palmetto(Serenoa repens) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: effects on urodynamic parameters and voiding symptoms. Urology. 1998 Jun;51(6):1003-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9609640

Katske F, Shoskes DA, Sender M, Poliakin R, Gagliano K, Rajfer J. Treatment of interstitial cystitis with a quercetin supplement. Tech Urol. 2001 Mar;7(1):44-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11272677

Klippel KF, Hiltl DM, Schipp B. A multicentric, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol(phytosterol) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. German BPH-Phyto Study group. Br J Urol. 1997 Sep;80(3):427-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9313662

Koch E. Extracts from fruits of saw palmetto(Sabal serrulata) and roots of stinging nettle(Urtica dioica): viable alternatives in the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated lower urinary tracts symptoms. Planta Med. 2001 Aug;67(6):489-500. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11509966

Kucuk O, Sarkar FH, Sakr W, Djuric Z, Pollak MN, Khachik F, Li YW, Banerjee M, Grignon D, Bertram JS, Crissman JD, Pontes EJ, Wood DP. Phase II randomized clinical trial of lycopene supplementation before radical prostatectomy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Aug;10(8):861-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11489752

Malkowicz SB, McKenna WG, Vaughn DJ, Wan XS, Propert KJ, Rockwell K, Marks SH, Wein AJ, Kennedy AR. Effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate(BBIC) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 2001 Jun 15;48(1):16-28. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11391683

Marks LS, Hess DL, Dorey FJ, Luz Macairan M, Cruz Santos PB, Tyler VE. Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride: use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of prostatic androgens. Urology. 2001 May;57(5):999-1005. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11337315

Marks LS, Partin AW, Epstein JI, Tyler VE, Simon I, Macairan ML, Chan TL, Dorey FJ, Garris JB, Veltri RW, Santos PB, Stonebrook KA , deKernion JB. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2000 May;163(5):1451-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10751856

McPartland JM, Pruitt PL. Benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with saw palmetto: a literature search and an experimental case study. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000 Feb;100(2):89-96. Comment in: J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000 Feb;100(2):87. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10732392

Meston CM, Worcel M. The effects of yohimbine plus L-arginine glutamate on sexual arousal in postmenopausal women with Sexual Arousal Disorder. Arch Sex Behav. 2002 Aug;31(4):323-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12187545

Segars LW. Saw palmetto extracts for benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Fam Pract. 1999 Feb;48(2):88-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10037530

Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Shahed A, Rajfer J. Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: a preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Urology. 1999 Dec;54(6):960-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10604689

Sokeland J. Combined sabal and urtica extract compared with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of prostate volume and therapeutic outcome. BJU Int. 2000 Sep;86(4):439-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10971268

Sokeland J, Albrecht J. [Combination of Sabal and Urtica extract vs. finasteride in benign prostatic hyperplasia(Aiken stages I to II). Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness in a one year double-blind study]. Urologe A. 1997 Jul;36(4):327-33. Comment in: Urologe A. 1998 Jan;37(1):83-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9340898 (Ger).

Stepanov VN, Siniakova LA, Sarrazin B, Raynaud JP. Efficacy and tolerability of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens(Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther. 1999 Sep-Oct;16(5):231-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10915398

Urban D, Irwin W, Kirk M, Markiewicz MA, Myers R, Smith M, Weiss H, Grizzle WE, Barnes S. The effect of isolated soy protein on plasma biomarkers in elderly men with elevated serum prostate specific antigen. J Urol. 2001 Jan;165(1):294-300. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11125428

Waynberg J, Brewer S. Effects of Herbal vX on libido and sexual activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Adv Ther. 2000 Sep-Oct;17(5):255-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11186145

Weisser H, Behnke B, Helpap B, Bach D, Krieg M. Enzyme activities in tissue of human benign prostatic hyperplasia after three months' treatment with the Sabal serrulata extract IDS 89(Strogen) or placebo. Eur Urol. 1997;31(1):97-101. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9032543

Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Ishani A. beta-sitosterol for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. BJU Int. 1999 Jun;83(9):976-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10368239

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Sight, Hearing, and Other Sensory Organ Health


Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Ajani UA, Schaumberg DA, Chew EY, Buring JE, Manson JE, Hennekens CH. Age-related maculopathy in a randomized trial of low-dose aspirin among US physicians. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Aug;119(8):1143-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11483080

Dobbins KR, Saul RF. Transient visual loss after licorice ingestion. J Neuroophthalmol. 2000 Mar;20(1):38-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10770507

Drew S, Davies E. Effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba in treating tinnitus: double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2001 Jan 13;322(7278):73. Comment in: BMJ. 2001 May 19;322(7296):1249. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11154618

Evans JR. Ginkgo biloba extract for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; (2):CD001775. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10796819

Fine SL, Berger JW, Maguire MG, Ho AC. Age-related macular degeneration. New Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 17;342(7):483-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10675430

Gale C, Hall NF, Phillips DI, Martyn CN. Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract. Ophthalmology. 2001 Nov;108(11):1992-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11713067

Hammond BR, Wooten BR, Curran-Celentano J. Carotenoids in the retina and lens: possible acute and chronic effects on human visual performance. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Jan 1;385(1):41-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11361024

Hammond BR Jr, Johnson EJ, Russell RM, Krinsky NI, Yeum KJ, Edwards RB, Snodderly DM. Dietary modification of human macular pigment density. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997 Aug;38(9):1795-801. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9286268

Head KA. Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part one: diseases of the retina. Altern Med Rev. 1999 Oct;4(5):342-59. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10559549

Hesse G, Schaaf H. [Ginkgo biloba: ineffective against tinnitus?]. HNO. 2001 Jun;49(6):434-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11450509 (Ger).

Hyman L, Neborsky R. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an update. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002 Jun;13(3):171-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12011686

Jacques PF, Chylack LT, Hankinson SE, Khu PM, Rogers G, Friend J, Tung W, Wolfe JK, Padhye N, Willett WC, Taylor A. Long-term nutrient intake and early age-related nuclear lens opacities. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Jul;119(7):1009-19. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11448323

Johnson EJ, Hammond BR, Yeum KJ, Qin J, Wang XD, Castaneda C, Snodderly DM, Russell RM. Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and macular pigment density. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1555-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10837298

Lal B, Kapoor AK, Asthana OP, Agrawal PK, Prasad R, Kumar P, Srimal RC. Efficacy of curcumin in the management of chronic anterior uveitis. Phytother Res. 1999 Jun;13(4):318-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10404539

Landrum JT, Bone RA, Joa H, Kilburn MD, Moore LL, Sprague KE. A one year study of the macular pigment: the effect of 140 days of a lutein supplement. Exp Eye Res. 1997 Jul;65(1):57-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9237865

Mares-Perlman JA. Too soon for lutein supplements. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):431-2. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5):1210-1; Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):509-16; Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):517-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10500008

Mares-Perlman JA, Fisher AI, Klein R, Palta M, Block G, Millen AE, Wright JD. Lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Mar 1;153(5):424-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11226974

Meletis CD, Centrone W. Alternative and complementary approaches to treating common ocular disorders: Part 1 - Cataracts and glaucoma. Altern Complement Ther. 2002;8(1):17-22.

Moeller SM, Jacques PF, Blumberg JB. The potential role of dietary xanthophylls in cataract and age-related macular degeneration. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5 Suppl):522S-7S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11023002

Reisser CH, Weidauer H. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 or pentoxifylline for the treatment of sudden deafness: a randomized, reference-controlled, double-blind study. Acta Otolaryngol. 2001 Jul;121(5):579-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11583389

Teikari JM, Laatikainen L, Virtamo J, Haukka J, Rautalahti M, Liesto K, Albanes D, Taylor P, Heinonen OP. Six-year supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and age-related maculopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1998 Apr;76(2):224-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9591958

Teikari JM, Rautalahti M, Haukka J, Jarvinen P, Hartman AM, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Heinonen O. Incidence of cataract operations in Finnish male smokers unaffected by alpha tocopherol or beta carotene supplements. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Jul;52(7):468-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9799882

Teikari JM, Virtamo J, Rautalahti M, Palmgren J, Liesto K, Heinonen OP. Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and age-related cataract. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997 Dec;75(6):634-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9527321

Tomany SC, Klein R, Klein BE. The relation of coffee and caffeine to the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Aug;132(2):271-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11476699

Yeum KJ, Shang FM, Schalch WM, Russell RM, Taylor A. Fat-soluble nutrient concentrations in different layers of human cataractous lens. Curr Eye Res. 1999 Dec;19(6):502-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10550792

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Skin Health


Henz BM, Jablonska S, van de Kerkhof PC, Stingl G, Blaszczyk M, Vandervalk PG, Veenhuizen R, Muggli R, Raederstorff D. Double-blind, multicentre analysis of the efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Apr;140(4):685-8. Comment in: Br J Dermatol. 2000 Jul;143(1):200-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10233322

Herraiz LA, Hsieh WC, Parker RS, Swanson JE, Bendich A, Roe DA. Effect of UV exposure and beta-carotene supplementation on delayed-type hypersensitivity response in healthy older men. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):617-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9853542

Steins A, Zuder D, Hahn M, Klyscz T, Junger M, Rassner G. Healing of an ulcer caused by ischemia under treatment with Ginkgo biloba EGb 761. Eur J Dermatol. 1997;7(2):109-11.

Yoshimoto-Furuie K, Yoshimoto K, Tanaka T, Saima S, Kikuchi Y, Shay J, Horrobin DF, Echizen H. Effects of oral supplementation with evening primrose oil for six weeks on plasma essential fatty acids and uremic skin symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 1999 Feb;81(2):151-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9933750

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Other


Anderson RF, Fisher LJ, Harris T. The 'pivotal antioxidant' hypothesis for the role of flavonoids in their reduction of HO* radical-induced damage on DNA. Redox Rep. 2001;6(3):197-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11523599

Arciero PJ, Bougopoulos CL, Nindl BC, Benowitz NL. Influence of age on the thermic response to caffeine in women. Metabolism. 2000 Jan;49(1):101-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10647072

Arciero PJ, Gardner AW, Benowitz NL, Poehlman ET. Relationship of blood pressure, heart rate and behavioral mood state to norepinephrine kinetics in younger and older men following caffeine ingestion. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Nov;52(11):805-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9846593

Arya LA, Myers DL, Jackson ND. Dietary caffeine intake and the risk for detrusor instability: A case-control study. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jul;96(1):85-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10862848

Ascherio A, Zhang SM, Hernan MA, Kawachi I, Colditz G A, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Prospective study of caffeine consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease in men and women. Ann Neurol. 2001 Jul;50(1):56-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11456310

Bucci LR. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):624S-36S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10919969

Cherubini A, Beal MF, Frei B. Black tea increases the resistance of human plasma to lipid peroxidation in vitro, but not ex vivo. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Aug;27(3-4):381-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10468212

Cunningham AR, Klopman G, Rosenkranz HS. A dichotomy in the lipophilicity of natural estrogens, xenoestrogens, and phytoestrogens. Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Apr;105 Suppl 3:665-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9168011

Cunningham AR, Rosenkranz HS, Klopman G. Structural analysis of a group of phytoestrogens for the presence of a 2-D geometric descriptor associated with non-genotoxic carcinogens and some estrogens. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1998 Mar;217(3):288-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9492337

Davidson MH, Maki KC, Umporowicz DM, Ingram KA, Dicklin MR, Schaefer E, Lane RW, McNamara JR, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Perrone G, Robins SJ, Franke WC. Safety and tolerability of esterified phytosterols administered in reduced-fat spread and salad dressing to healthy adult men and women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):307-19. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11506058

Ferreira AL, Yeum KJ, Liu C, Smith D, Krinsky NI, Wang XD, Russell RM. Tissue distribution of lycopene in ferrets and rats after lycopene supplementation. J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5):1256-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10801927

Garewal HS, Katz RV, Meyskens F, Pitcock J, Morse D, Friedman S, Peng Y, Pendrys DG, Mayne S, Alberts D, Kiersch T, Graver E. Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Dec;125(12):1305-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10604407

Gunning K, Steele P. Echinacea for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. J Fam Pract. 1999 Feb;48(2):93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10037535

Gupta I, Gupta V, Parihar A, Gupta S, Ludtke R, Safayhi H, Ammon HP. Effects of Boswellia serrata gum resin in patients with bronchial asthma: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical study. Eur J Med Res. 1998 Nov 17;3(11):511-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9810030

Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Mori TA, Burke V, Baker RI, Beilin LJ. Effects of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis and cell adhesion molecules in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;55(10):881-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11593350

Ingerslev J, Svendsen TL, Mork A. Is ephedrine caffeine treatment contraindicated in hypertension? Int J Obes. 1997;21(8):666-73.

Jaggy H, Koch E. Chemistry and biology of alkylphenols from Ginkgo biloba L. Pharmazie. 1997 Oct;52(10):735-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9362086

Johnson EJ, Qin J, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Ingestion by men of a combined dose of beta-carotene and lycopene does not affect the absorption of beta-carotene but improves that of lycopene. J Nutr. 1997 Sep;127(9):1833-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9278568

Kaltwasser JP, Werner E, Schalk K, Hansen C, Gottschalk R, Seidl C. Clinical trial on the effect of regular tea drinking on iron accumulation in genetic haemochromatosis. Gut. 1998 Nov;43(5):699-704. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9824354

Kistler A, Liechti H, Pichard L, Wolz E, Oesterhelt G, Hayes A, Maurel P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2002 Jan;75(11-12):665-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11876499

Kitts D, Hu C. Efficacy and safety of ginseng. Public Health Nutr. 2000 Dec;3(4A):473-85. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11276295

Krinsky N, Russell RM. Regarding the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A. Nutr Rev. 2001 Sep;59(9):309. Comment on: Nutr Rev. 2001 Apr;59(4):116-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11570436

Kroll DJ, Shaw HS, Wall ME, Oberlies NH. Variability in St. John's wort formulations is an important consideration. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 Nov-Dec;7(6):21-2. Comment on: Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):45-55; quiz 56-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11712467

Lin SH, Chau T. A puzzling cause of hypokalaemia. Lancet. 2002 Jul 20;360(9328):224. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12133658

Mahady GB. Global harmonization of herbal health claims. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3s):1120S-3S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11238830

Management of obesity in the elderly: Lifestyle changes required. Drugs Ther Perspect. 1998 Aug 3;12(3):5-7.

Mayne ST, Cartmel B. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation and lipid peroxidation in smokers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1292. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2):319-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10357756

Merchant RE, Andre CA. A review of recent clinical trials of the nutritional supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the treatment of fibromyalgia, hypertension, and ulcerative colitis. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):79-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11347287

Merchant RE, Andre CA, Wise CM. Nutritional supplementation with Chlorella pyrenoidosa for fibromyalgia syndrome: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Musculoskelet Pain. 2001;9(4):37-54.

Paiva SA, Yeum KJ, Cao G, Prior RL, Russell RM. Postprandial plasma carotenoid responses following consumption of strawberries, red wine, vitamin C or spinach by elderly women. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2391-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9868186

Peebles KA, Baker RK, Kurz EU, Schneider BJ, Kroll DJ. Catalytic inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase IIalpha by hypericin, a naphthodianthrone from St. John's wort(Hypericum perforatum). Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 15;62(8):1059-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11597574

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Yeum KJ, Russell RM. Carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion. Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:483-504. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12055355

Zenk JL, Helmet TR, Kassen LJ, Kuskowski MA. The effect of 7-Keto Naturalean(TM) on weight loss: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2002;63(4):263-72.

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Zhang Y. Bioavailability and biological effects of the isoflavone glycitein and isoflavone glucuronides: role of glucuronide in human natural killer cell modulation in vitro [dissertation]. Ames(IA): Iowa State University; 2000. 140 p.

Zhu YI, Hsieh WC, Parker RS, Herraiz LA, Haas JD, Swanson JE, Roe DA. Evidence of a role for fat-free body mass in modulation of plasma carotenoid concentrations in older men: studies with hydrodensitometry. J Nutr. 1997 Feb;127(2):321-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9039834

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Vitamins and Antioxidants

General/Multiple Health Issues


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Ajitha M, Rajnarayana K. Role of oxygen free radicals in human disease. Indian Drugs. 2001;38(11):545-54.

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Booth GL, Wang EE. Preventive health care, 2000 update: screening and management of hyperhomocysteinemia for the prevention of coronary artery disease events. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ. 2000 Jul 11;163(1):21-9. Comment in: CMAJ. 2000 Jul 11;163(1):37-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10920726

Brubacher D, Moser U, Jordan P. Vitamin C concentrations in plasma as a function of intake: a meta-analysis. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2000 Sep;70(5):226-37. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11068703

Carmel R. Current concepts in cobalamin deficiency. Annu Rev Med. 2000;51:357-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10774470

Chin A, Paw MJ, de Jong N, Schouten EG, Hiddink GJ, Kok FJ. Physical exercise and/or enriched foods for functional improvement in frail, independently living elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jun;82(6):811-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11387588

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Compston JE. Vitamin D deficiency: time for action. Evidence supports routine supplementation for elderly people and others at risk. BMJ. 1998 Nov 28;317(7171):1466-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9831568

Coulston A. Vitamins A, D, E and K: what's new. Semin Nutr. 2000 Jan-Feb;20(1):1-16.

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Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, Zammit CM, Richard RC, Castot AC. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother. 2001 Apr;35(4):424-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11302404

Deschamps V, Barberger-Gateau P, Peuchant E, Orgogozo JM. Nutritional factors in cerebral aging and dementia: epidemiological arguments for a role of oxidative stress. Neuroepidemiology. 2001 Feb;20(1):7-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11174040

Dhesi JK, Allain T, Moniz C. Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. CPD Bull Clin Biochem. 2001;3(1):9-13.

Diplock AT. Will the 'good fairies' please prove to us that vitamin E lessens human degenerative disease? Free Radic Res. 1997 Jun;26(6):565-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9212350

Dror Y, Stern F, Berner YN, Kaufmann NA, Berry E, Maaravi Y, Altman H , Cohen A, Leventhal A, Kaluski DN. [Micronutrient(vitamins and minerals) supplementation for the elderly, suggested by a special committee nominated by Ministry of Health]. Harefuah. 2001 Nov;140(11):1062-7, 1117. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11759383 (Heb).

Elsayed NM. Antioxidant mobilization in response to oxidative stress: A dynamic environmental-nutritional interaction. Nutrition. 2001 Oct;17(10):828-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11684389

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Fenech M. Chromosomal damage rate, aging, and diet. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 20;854:23-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9928417

Fenech M. Micronutrients and genomic stability: a new paradigm for recommended dietary allowances(RDAs). Food Chem Toxicol. 2002 Aug;40(8):1113-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12067572

Fletcher RH, Fairfield KM. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: clinical applications. JAMA. 2002 Jun 19;287(23):3127-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12069676

Ford ES, Byers TE, Giles WH. Serum folate and chronic disease risk: findings from a cohort of United States adults. Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Aug;27(4):592-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9758112

Gascon-Vila P, Ribas L, Garcia-Closas R, Farran Codina A, Serra-Majem L. [Dietary sources of vitamin A, C, E and beta-carotene in a adult Mediterranean population]. Gac Sanit. 1999 Jan-Feb;13(1):22-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10217703 (Spa).

Girodon F, Blache D, Monget AL, Lombart M, Brunet-Lecompte P, Arnaud J, Richard M J, Galan P. Effect of a two-year supplementation with low doses of antioxidant vitamins and/or minerals in elderly subjects on levels of nutrients and antioxidant defense parameters. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Aug;16(4):357-65. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263186

Haller J. The vitamin status and its adequacy in the elderly: an international overview. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999 May;69(3):160-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10389022

Hathcock JN. Vitamins and minerals: efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):427-37. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9250127

Haulica I, Boisteanu P, Iliescu R. [Implications of oxidative stress in senescence]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2000 Apr-Jun;104(2):15-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12089981 (Rum).

Hazra A, Kumar Tripathi S. Folic acid revisited. Indian J Pharmacol. 2001;33(5):322-42.

Hercberg S, Preziosi P, Briancon S, Galan P, Triol I, Malvy D, Roussel AM, Favier A. A primary prevention trial using nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in cardiovascular diseases and cancers in a general population: the SU.Vi.Max study--design, methods, and participant characteristics. SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants. Control Clin Trials. 1998 Aug;19(4):336-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9683310

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Ho C, Kauwell GP, Bailey LB. Practitioners' guide to meeting the vitamin B-12 Recommended Dietary Allowance for people aged 51 years and older. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Jun;99(6):725-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10361536

Holick MF. Calcium and vitamin D. Diagnostics and therapeutics. Clin Lab Med. 2000 Sep;20(3):569-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10986622

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Holick MF. Vitamin D requirements for humans of all ages: new increased requirements for women and men 50 years and older. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8 Suppl 2:S24-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10197179

Huang HY, Maguire MG, Miller ER, Appel LJ. Impact of pill organizers and blister packs on adherence to pill taking in two vitamin supplementation trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Oct 15;152(8):780-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11052557

Jacques PF, Felson DT, Tucker KL, Mahnken B, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Rush D. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its determinants in an elderly population sample. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):929-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322570

Jiang Q, Christen S, Shigenaga MK, Ames BN. gamma-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;74(6):714-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11722951

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Johnston CS . Biomarkers for establishing a tolerable upper intake level for vitamin C. Nutr Rev. 1999 Mar;57(3):71-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10101920

Kirk SF, Cade JE, Barrett JH, Conner M. Diet and lifestyle characteristics associated with dietary supplement use in women. Public Health Nutr. 1999 Mar;2(1):69-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10452734

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Lakatos B, Szentmihalyi K. [The antioxidant effect and clinical application of vitamin E]. Lege Artis Med. 1999;9(10):716-25. (Hun).

Le Marchand L, Franke AA, Custer L, Wilkens LR, Cooney RV. Lifestyle and nutritional correlates of cytochrome CYP1A2 activity: inverse associations with plasma lutein and alpha-tocopherol. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Feb;7(1):11-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9110357

Lee IM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Beta-carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Dec 15;91(24):2102-6. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Dec 15;91(24):2068-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10601381

Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Greger JL. Supplement users differ from nonusers in demographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2355-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9868181

Malabanan A, Veronikis IE, Holick MF. Redefining vitamin D insufficiency. Lancet. 1998 Mar 14;351(9105):805-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9519960

Manns B, Hyndman E, Burgess E, Parsons H, Schaefer J, Snyder F, Scott-Douglas N. Oral vitamin B(12) and high-dose folic acid in hemodialysis patients with hyper-homocyst(e)inemia. Kidney Int. 2001 Mar;59(3):1103-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11231366

McCall MR, Frei B. Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans? Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Apr;26(7-8):1034-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10232849

McCurdy CR. Cholinergic channel modulators: analogs of lobeline [dissertation]. Athens(GA): University of Georgia; 1998. 191 p.

McGowan JA, Pottern L. Commentary on the Women's Health Initiative. Maturitas. 2000 Feb 15;34(2):109-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10714904

McGregor D, Shand B, Lynn K. A controlled trial of the effect of folate supplements on homocysteine, lipids and hemorheology in end-stage renal disease. Nephron. 2000 Jul;85(3):215-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10867536

McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Robson RA, Lever M, George PM, Chambers ST. Betaine supplementation decreases post-methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 2002 Mar;61(3):1040-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11849459

Meijer EP, Goris AH, Senden J, van Dongen JL, Bast A, Westerterp KR. Antioxidant supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in the 60-year-old as measured by antipyrine hydroxylates. Br J Nutr. 2001 Nov;86(5):569-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11737955

Meletis CD, Bramwell B. Helping patients to age well: applying the free-radical hypothesis. Altern Complement Ther. 2001;7(1):27-31.

Meydani M, Meisler JG. A closer look at vitamin E. Can this antioxidant prevent chronic diseases? Postgrad Med. 1997 Aug;102(2):199-207. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9270709

Molloy AM. Folate bioavailability and health. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2002 Jan;72(1):46-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11887752

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Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Lee JY, Alarcon GS. Folic acid supplementation prevents deficient blood folate levels and hyperhomocysteinemia during longterm, low dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: implications for cardiovascular disease prevention. J Rheumatol. 1998 Mar;25(3):441-6. Comment in: J Rheumatol. 1998 Dec;25(12):2473. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9517760

Morris MS, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Elevated Serum Methylmalonic Acid Concentrations Are Common among Elderly Americans. J Nutr. 2002 Sep;132(9):2799-803. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12221248

Nicoara-Kasti GL, Lockey RF. Disease prevention: which nutritional supplements, vitamins, and medications may help? Consultant. 1998;38(2):397-400.

Papas AM. Antioxidant status: Diet, health and disease. Part I: Factors affecting antioxidant status and its role. Mature Med Can. 1999;2(6):315-9.

Park YK, Sempos CT, Barton CN, Vanderveen JE, Yetley EA. Effectiveness of food fortification in the United States: the case of pellagra. Am J Public Health. 2000 May;90(5):727-38. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10800421

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Rader JI, Yetley EA. Nationwide folate fortification has complex ramifications and requires careful monitoring over time. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Mar 11;162(5):608-9. Comment on: Arch Intern Med. 2001 Mar 12;161(5):695-700; Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 28;162(19):2254. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11871933

Ray JG, Vermeulen MJ, Boss SC, Cole DE. Declining rate of folate insufficiency among adults following increased folic acid food fortification in Canada. Can J Public Health. 2002 Jul-Aug;93(4):249-53. Comment in: Can J Public Health. 2002 Jul-Aug;93(4):245-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12154524

Rosenberg IH. Better understanding of folate nutrition through chemistry. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):162-3. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):53-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 8988930

Rosenberg IH. Virtual folate: virtual success? Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):177-8. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):198-207. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10426691

Rosenberg IH, Rosenberg LE. The implications of genetic diversity for nutrient requirements: the case of folate. Nutr Rev. 1998 Feb;56(2 Pt 2):s47-53; discussion s54-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9564177

Ruscin JM, Hanlon JT. Pharmacotherapy update 2002. Ann Long Term Care. 2002;10(8):37-9.

Russell RM. Physiological and clinical significance of carotenoids. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(6):349-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9857260

Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Apr;71(4):878-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10731492

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Anti-Aging


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Garibaldi S, Valentini S, Aragno I, Pronzato MA, Traverso N, Odetti P. Plasma protein oxidation and antioxidant defense during aging. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2001 Nov;71(6):332-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11840836

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Bone and Muscle Health


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Cacoub P, Chemlal K, Khalifa P, Wechsler B, De Gennes C, Belmatoug N, Cohen P, Ziza JM, Verdoncq B, Piette JC. Deflazacort versus prednisone in patients with giant cell arteritis: effects on bone mass loss. J Rheumatol. 2001 Nov;28(11):2474-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11708421

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Celotti F, Bignamini A. Dietary calcium and mineral/vitamin supplementation: a controversial problem. J Int Med Res. 1999 Jan-Feb;27(1):1-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10417956

Chan P, Huang TY, Chen YJ, Huang WP, Liu YC. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of vitamin B complex in the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps in elderly patients with hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Dec;38(12):1151-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11301568

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Chapuy MC, Pamphile R, Paris E, Kempf C, Schlichting M, Arnaud S, Garnero P, Meunier PJ. Combined calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation in elderly women: confirmation of reversal of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture risk: the Decalyos II study. Osteoporos Int. 2002 Mar;13(3):257-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11991447

Chel VG, Ooms ME, Popp-Snijders C, Pavel S, Schothorst AA, Meulemans CC, Lips P. Ultraviolet irradiation corrects vitamin D deficiency and suppresses secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly. J Bone Miner Res. 1998 Aug;13(8):1238-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9718191

Chen HY, Chen WC, Hsu CD, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH. Relation of vitamin D receptor FokI start codon polymorphism to bone mineral density and occurrence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Taiwan. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002 Feb;81(2):93-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11942896

Chen M, Chow SN. Additive effect of alfacalcidol on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in Taiwanese postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplementation: a randomized 2-year study. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 2001 Aug;55(2):253-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11531934

Christensen PM, Brosen K, Brixen KT, Beck-Nielsen H, Sogaard J, Kristiansen IS. [Pharmaco-economic evaluation of drug therapy osteoporosis. A literature review]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2002 Mar 4;164(10):1339-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11894425 (Dan).

Chuck A, Todd J, Diffey B. Subliminal ultraviolet-B irradiation for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly: a feasibility study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2001 Aug;17(4):168-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11499538

Civitelli R, Pilgram TK, Dotson M, Muckerman J, Lewandowski N, Armamento-Villareal R, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Kardaris EE, Hauser J, Cohen S, Hildebolt CF. Alveolar and postcranial bone density in postmenopausal women receiving hormone/estrogen replacement therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jun 24;162(12):1409-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12076241

Civitelli R, Ziambaras K. Does vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism affect bone mineral density and calcium absorption? Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 1998;14(2):164-72.

Colker CM, Swain M, Lynch L, Gingerich DA. Effects of a milk-based bioactive micronutrient beverage on pain symptoms and activity of adults with osteoarthritis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation. Nutrition. 2002 May;18(5):388-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11985942

Colon-Emeric C, Yballe L, Sloane R, Pieper CF, Lyles KW. Expert physician recommendations and current practice patterns for evaluating and treating men with osteoporotic hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Oct;48(10):1261-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11037013

Compston JE. Pharmacological interventions for post-menopausal osteoporosis: an evidence-based approach. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2000 Dec;39(12):1309-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11136870

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Cooper C. Osteoporosis. Coming to the crunch. Health Serv J. 1998 Jun 25;108(5610):suppl 13-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10180424

Cormier C. [Bone response to treatments prescribed in rheumatology]. Reprod Hum Horm. 1998;11(10):809-15. (Fre).

Crandall C. Osteoporosis: Update on prevention - and treatment. Consultant. 2001;41(2):257-65.

Cumming RG, Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Scott J, Ensrud KE, Vogt TM, Fox K. Calcium intake and fracture risk: results from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol. 1997 May 15;145(10):926-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9149664

Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, Palermo L, Prineas R, Rubin SM, Scott JC, Vogt T, Wallace R, Yates AJ, LaCroix AZ. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2077-82. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2119-20; JAMA. 1999 Jul 21;282(3):231. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9875874

Cummings SR, Browner WS, Bauer D, Stone K, Ensrud K, Jamal S, Ettinger B. Endogenous hormones and the risk of hip and vertebral fractures among older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 10;339(11):733-8. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 10;339(11):767-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9731089

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Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D and calcium: recommended intake for bone health. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8 Suppl 2:S30-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10197180

Dawson-Hughes B, Harris S S, Krall E A, Dallal G E. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):670-6. Comment in: ACP J Club. 1998 Mar-Apr;128(2):47; N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):701-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9278463

Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS. Calcium intake influences the association of protein intake with rates of bone loss in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):773-9. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):609-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11916767

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de Jong N, Paw MJ, de Groot LC, Hiddink GJ, van Staveren WA. Dietary supplements and physical exercise affecting bone and body composition in frail elderly persons. Am J Public Health. 2000 Jun;90(6):947-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10846514

Deal C. Can calcium and vitamin D supplementation adequately treat most patients with osteoporosis? Cleve Clin J Med. 2000 Oct;67(10):696-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11060955

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Dennison EM, Arden NK, Keen RW, Syddall H, Day IN, Spector TD, Cooper C. Birthweight, vitamin D receptor genotype and the programming of osteoporosis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001 Jul;15(3):211-9. Comment in: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001 Jul;15(3):207. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11489147

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Ensrud KE, Stone K, Cauley JA, White C, Zmuda JM, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Cummings SR. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the risk of fractures in older women. For the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res. 1999 Oct;14(10):1637-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10491209

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Fluhr JW, Vienne MP, Lauze C, Dupuy P, Gehring W, Gloor M. Tolerance profile of retinol, retinaldehyde and retinoic acid under maximized and long-term clinical conditions. Dermatology. 1999;199 Suppl 1:57-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10473963

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Fountas L, Moutsatsou P, Kastanias I, Tamouridis N, Tzanela M, Anapliotou M, Sekeris CE. The contribution of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in osteoporosis and familial osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(5):392-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10591837

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Cancer


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Brown LM, Swanson CA, Gridley G, Swanson GM, Silverman DT, Greenberg RS, Hayes RB, Schoenberg JB, Pottern LM, Schwartz AG, Liff JM, Hoover R, Fraumeni JF. Dietary factors and the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer among black and white men in the United States. Cancer Causes Control. 1998 Oct;9(5):467-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9934713

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Bukin YV, Draudin-Krylenko VA, Kuvshinov YP, Poddubniy BK, Shabanov MA. Decrease of ornithine decarboxylase activity in premalignant gastric mucosa and regression of small intestinal metaplasia in patients supplemented with high doses of vitamin E. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Jul;6(7):543-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9232343

Burnett AK, Grimwade D, Solomon E, Wheatley K, Goldstone AH. Presenting white blood cell count and kinetics of molecular remission predict prognosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid: result of the Randomized MRC Trial. Blood. 1999 Jun 15;93(12):4131-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10361110

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Chan JM, Pietinen P, Virtanen M, Malila N, Tangrea J, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Diet and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of smokers, with a specific focus on calcium and phosphorus(Finland). Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Oct;11(9):859-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11075876

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Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Supplemental vitamin E intake and prostate cancer risk in a large cohort of men in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999 Oct;8(10):893-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10548318

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Chen TC, Schwartz GG, Burnstein KL, Lokeshwar BL, Holick MF. The in vitro evaluation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 19-nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 as therapeutic agents for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Mar;6(3):901-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10741714

Chokkalingam AP, McGlynn KA, Gao YT, Pollak M, Deng J, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK, Fraumeni JF, Hsing AW. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, insulin-like growth factors, and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res. 2001 Jun 1;61(11):4333-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11389055

Choudhury N, Truswell AS, McNeil Y. Comparison of plasma lipids and vitamin E in young and middle-aged subjects on potato crisps fried in palmolein and highly oleic sunflower oil. Ann Nutr Metab. 1997;41(3):137-48. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9286464

Combs GF, Clark LC, Turnbull BW. Reduction of cancer mortality and incidence by selenium supplementation. Med Klin. 1997 Sep 15;92 Suppl 3:42-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9342915

Comstock GW, Alberg AJ, Huang HY, Wu K, Burke AE, Hoffman SC, Norkus EP, Gross M, Cutler RG, Morris JS, Spate VL, Helzlsouer KJ. The risk of developing lung cancer associated with antioxidants in the blood: ascorbic acid, carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, selenium, and total peroxyl radical absorbing capacity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Nov;6(11):907-16. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9367064

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Correa-Cerro L, Berthon P, Haussler J, Bochum S, Drelon E, Mangin P, Fournier G, Paiss T, Cussenot O, Vogel W. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms as markers in prostate cancer. Hum Genet. 1999 Sep;105(3):281-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10987658

Correa P, Fontham ET, Bravo JC, Bravo LE, Ruiz B, Zarama G, Realpe JL, Malcom GT, Li D, Johnson WD, Mera R. Chemoprevention of gastric dysplasia: randomized trial of antioxidant supplements and anti-helicobacter pylori therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Dec 6;92(23):1881-8. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Dec 6;92(23):1868-9; J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Apr 4;93(7):559-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11106679

Costello AJ. A randomized, controlled chemoprevention trial of selenium in familial prostate cancer: rationale, recruitment, and design issues. Urology. 2001 Apr;57(4 Suppl 1):182-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11295622

Cotter PD, May A, Li L, Al-Sabah AI, Fitzsimons EJ, Cazzola M, Bishop DF. Four new mutations in the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase(ALAS2) gene causing X-linked sideroblastic anemia: increased pyridoxine responsiveness after removal of iron overload by phlebotomy and coinheritance of hereditary hemochromatosis. Blood. 1999 Mar 1;93(5):1757-69. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10029606

Crowther MA, Julian J, McCarty D, Douketis J, Kovacs M, Biagoni L, Schnurr T, McGinnis J, Gent M, Hirsh J, Ginsberg J. Treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy with oral vitamin K: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2000 Nov 4;356(9241):1551-3. Comment in: ACP Journal Club 2001 Jul-Aug;135(1):17; Lancet. 2001 Feb 24;357(9256):637-8; discussion 638; Lancet. 2001 Feb 24;357(9256):637; discussion 638; Lancet. 2001 Feb 24;357(9256):638; Lancet. 2001 Mar 3;357(9257):718. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11075768

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Cardiovascular Health


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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


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Shoulson I, Oakes D, Fahn S, Lang A, Langston JW, LeWitt P, Olanow CW, Penney JB, Tanner C, Kieburtz K, Rudolph A. Impact of sustained deprenyl(selegiline) in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease: a randomized placebo-controlled extension of the deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of parkinsonism trial. Ann Neurol. 2002 May;51(5):604-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12112107

Sinclair AJ, Bayer AJ, Johnston J, Warner C, Maxwell SR. Altered plasma antioxidant status in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;13(12):840-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9884908

Sinka E, Forchetti CM. Clinical Neuropharmacology patient management series. Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1999 Nov-Dec;22(6):307-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10626089

Smith A, Clark R, Nutt D, Haller J, Hayward S, Perry K. Anti-oxidant vitamins and mental performanceof the elderly. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1999;14(7):459-71.

Sramek JJ, Cutler NR. Ongoing trials in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2000 Apr;9(4):899-915. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11060718

Sramek JJ, Cutler NR. Recent developments in the drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drugs Aging. 1999 May;14(5):359-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10408736

Sramek JJ, Veroff AE, Cutler NR. The status of ongoing trials for mild cognitive impairment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Apr;10(4):741-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11281823

Steinberg M. Pharmacologic treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an update on approved, unapproved therapies. Formulary. 1999;34(1):32-44.

Sun AY, Chen YM. Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. J Biomed Sci. 1998 Nov-Dec;5(6):401-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9845843

Tabet N, Birks J, Grimley Evans J. Vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(4):CD002854. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11034775

Tabet N, Mantle D, Walker Z, Orrell M. Vitamins, trace elements, and antioxidant status in dementia disorders. Int Psychogeriatr. 2001 Sep;13(3):265-75. Comment in: Int Psychogeriatr. 2001 Sep;13(3):259-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11768374

Tanyel MC, Mancano LD. Neurologic findings in vitamin E deficiency. Am Fam Physician. 1997 Jan;55(1):197-201. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9012278

Tarnopolsky MA, Beal MF. Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders. Ann Neurol. 2001 May;49(5):561-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11357946

Thomas A, Iacono D, Bonanni L, D'Andreamatteo G, Onofrj M. Donepezil, rivastigmine, and vitamin E in Alzheimer disease: a combined P300 event-related potentials/neuropsychologic evaluation over 6 months. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2001 Jan-Feb;24(1):31-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11290880

Trials suggest dietary vitamin E reduces Alzheimer's disease risk. Pharm J. 2002 Jun 29;268(7204):898.

Tripathi M, Sheshadri S, Padma MV, Jain S, Meheshwari MC, Behari M. Serum cobalamin levels in dementias. Neurol India. 2001 Sep;49(3):284-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11593247

Tutuncu NB, Bayraktar M, Varli K. Reversal of defective nerve conduction with vitamin E supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a preliminary study. Diabetes Care. 1998 Nov;21(11):1915-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9802743

van Asselt DZ, Pasman JW, van Lier HJ, Vingerhoets DM, Poels PJ, Kuin Y, Blom HJ, Hoefnagels WH. Cobalamin supplementation improves cognitive and cerebral function in older, cobalamin-deficient persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Dec;56(12):M775-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11723153

Vatassery GT, Bauer T, Dysken M. High doses of vitamin E in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system in the aged. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Nov;70(5):793-801. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jul;72(1):201-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10539737

Vatassery GT, Fahn S, Kuskowski MA. Alpha tocopherol in CSF of subjects taking high-dose vitamin E in the DATATOP study. Parkinson Study Group. Neurology. 1998 Jun;50(6):1900-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9633757

Waikakul W, Waikakul S. Methylcobalamin as an adjuvant medication in conservative treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. J Med Assoc Thai. 2000 Aug;83(8):825-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10998833

Wang HX, Wahlin A, Basun H, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Vitamin B(12) and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2001 May 8;56(9):1188-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11342684

Whitaker CH, Malchoff CD, Felice KJ. Treatable lower motor neuron disease due to vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2000 Sep;1(4):283-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11465022

Woo K. Is vitamin E the magic bullet for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD)? Perspectives. 2000 Spring;24(1):7-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12026332

Yokota T, Uchihara T, Kumagai J, Shiojiri T, Pang JJ, Arita M, Arai H, Hayashi M, Kiyosawa M, Okeda R, Mizusawa H. Postmortem study of ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa by mutation of the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein gene. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;68(4):521-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10727494

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Gastrointestinal Health


Aguirre Errasti C, Barreiro Garcia G, Canovas Fernandez A, Alonso Alonso JJ, de la Prieta Lopez R. [Study of cobalamin deficiency in gastrectomized and aged subjects]. Rev Clin Esp. 2001 Feb;201(2):75-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11345609 (Spa).

Baik HW, Russell RM. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr. 1999;19:357-77. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10448529

Boya P, de la Pena A, Beloqui O, Larrea E, Conchillo M, Castelruiz Y, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Antioxidant status and glutathione metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. 1999 Nov;31(5):808-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10580577

Burke A, Lichtenstein GR, Rombeau JL. Nutrition and ulcerative colitis. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1997 Mar;11(1):153-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9192066

Carmel R. Cobalamin, the stomach, and aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):750-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322548

Carmel R, Aurangzeb I, Qian D. Associations of food-cobalamin malabsorption with ethnic origin, age, Helicobacter pylori infection, and serum markers of gastritis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jan;96(1):63-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11197289

Cattaneo M, Vecchi M, Zighetti ML, Saibeni S, Martinelli I, Omodei P, Mannucci PM, de Franchis R. High prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A pathogenic link with thromboembolic complications? Thromb Haemost. 1998 Oct;80(4):542-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9798965

Chowers Y, Sela BA, Holland R, Fidder H, Simoni FB, Bar-Meir S. Increased levels of homocysteine in patients with Crohn's disease are related to folate levels. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Dec;95(12):3498-502. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11151883

Cohen H, Weinstein WM, Carmel R. Heterogeneity of gastric histology and function in food cobalamin malabsorption: absence of atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria in some patients with severe malabsorption. Gut. 2000 Nov;47(5):638-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11034579

Compher CW, Kinosian BP, Evans-Stoner N, Huzinec J, Buzby GP. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with venous thrombosis in patients with short bowel syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2001 Jan-Feb;25(1):1-7; discussion 7-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11190983

Edman JS, Williams WH, Atkins RC. Nutritional therapies for ulcerative colitis: literature review, chart review study, and future research. Altern Ther Health Med. 2000 Jan;6(1):55-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10631823

Everett SM, Drake IM, White KL, Mapstone NP, Chalmers DM, Schorah CJ, Axon AT. Antioxidant vitamin supplements do not reduce reactive oxygen species activity in Helicobacter pylori gastritis in the short term. Br J Nutr. 2002 Jan;87(1):3-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11898768

Floreani A, Zappala F, Fries W, Naccarato R, Plebani M, D'Angelo A, Chiaramonte M. A 3-year pilot study with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin for severe osteodystrophy in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997 Jun;24(4):239-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9252849

Jeejeebhoy KN. Clinical nutrition: 6. Management of nutritional problems of patients with Crohn's disease. CMAJ. 2002 Apr 2;166(7):913-8.

Kaptan K, Beyan C, Ural AU, Cetin T, Avcu F, Gulsen M, Finci R, Yalcin A. Helicobacter pylori--is it a novel causative agent in Vitamin B12 deficiency? Arch Intern Med. 2000 May 8;160(9):1349-53. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2000 May 8;160(9):1229-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10809040

Kennedy M, Bruninga K, Mutlu EA, Losurdo J, Choudhary S, Keshavarzian A. Successful and sustained treatment of chronic radiation proctitis with antioxidant vitamins E and C. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;96(4):1080-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11316150

Konings EJ, Troost FJ, Castenmiller JJ, Roomans HH, Van Den Brandt PA, Saris WH. Intestinal absorption of different types of folate in healthy subjects with an ileostomy. Br J Nutr. 2002 Sep;88(3):235-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12207833

Phillips JR, Angulo P, Petterson T, Lindor KD. Fat-soluble vitamin levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Sep;96(9):2745-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11569705

Pratico D, Iuliano L, Basili S, Ferro D, Camastra C, Cordova C, FitzGerald G A, Violi F. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in hepatic cirrhosis. J Investig Med. 1998 Feb;46(2):51-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9549227

Reimund JM, Hirth C, Koehl C, Baumann R, Duclos B. Antioxidant and immune status in active Crohn's disease. A possible relationship. Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;19(1):43-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10700533

Ruscin JM, Page RL, Valuck RJ. Vitamin B(12) deficiency associated with histamine(2)-receptor antagonists and a proton-pump inhibitor. Ann Pharmacother. 2002 May;36(5):812-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11978157

Russell RM. Mild cobalamin deficiency in older Dutch subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2):222-3. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2):328-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9701175

Sanchez Calso A, Aller de la Fuente R, Fernandez Canadas S, Moreira Vicente V. [Upper dysphagia with 10-year course]. Rev Clin Esp. 1997 Apr;197(4):289-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9254406 (Spa).

Simone F, Pappalardo G, Maiani G, Guadalaxara A, Bugianesi R, Conte AM, Azzini E, Mobarhan S. Accumulation and interactions of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in patients with adenomatous polyps. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jun;56(6):546-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12032655

Stickel F, Meydani M, Wu D, Bronson R, Martin A, Smith D, Meydani SN, Russell RM. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on prostaglandin concentrations in aspirin-induced acute gastric injury in aged rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;66(5):1218-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9356541

VanderJagt DJ, Harrison JM, Ratliff DM, Hunsaker LA, Vander Jagt DL. Oxidative stress indices in IDDM subjects with and without long-term diabetic complications. Clin Biochem. 2001 Jun;34(4):265-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11440725

Yu MW, Chiang YC, Lien JP, Chen CJ. Plasma antioxidant vitamins, chronic hepatitis B virus infection and urinary aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in healthy males. Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jun ;18(6):1189-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9214602

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Immune System Health


Andjelkovic Z, Vojinovic J, Pejnovic N, Popovic M, Dujic A, Mitrovic D, Pavlica L, Stefanovic D. Disease modifying and immunomodulatory effects of high dose 1alpha(OH) D3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999 Jul-Aug;17(4):453-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10464556

Beharka A, Redican S, Leka L, Meydani SN. Vitamin E status and immune function. Methods Enzymol. 1997;282:247-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9330293

Boardley D, Fahlman M. Micronutrient supplementation does not attenuate seasonal decline of immune system indexes in well-nourished elderly women: a placebo-controlled study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Mar;100(3):356-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10719412

Breitbart E, Stollar BD. Aging and the human immune system. Isr Med Assoc J. 2000 Sep;2(9):703-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11062773

Chandra RK. Influence of multinutrient supplement on immune responses and infection-related illness in 50-65 year old individuals. Nutr Res. 2002;22(1-2):5-11.

Chau N, Tebi A, Creton C, Belbraouet S, Debry G. Relationship between plasma retinol and infectious diseases in the elderly. A case-control study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2000;44(5-6):256-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11146333

Dawson HD. The effects of vitamin a status and aging on the immune system of the rat [dissertation]. University Park(PA): Pennsylvania State University; 1998. 244 p.

De Waart FG, Portengen L, Doekes G, Verwaal CJ, Kok FJ. Effect of 3 months vitamin E supplementation on indices of the cellular and humoral immune response in elderly subjects. Br J Nutr. 1997 Nov;78(5):761-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9389899

Edmonds SE, Winyard PG, Guo R, Kidd B, Merry P, Langrish-Smith A, Hansen C, Ramm S, Blake DR. Putative analgesic activity of repeated oral doses of vitamin E in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Results of a prospective placebo controlled double blind trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997 Nov;56(11):649-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9462166

Fortes C, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Fano V, Pacifici R, Virgili F, Piras G, Guidi L, Bartoloni C, Tricerri A, Zuccaro P, Ebrahim S, Perucci CA. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Jan;46(1):19-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9434661

Friso S, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Low circulating vitamin B(6) is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels. Circulation. 2001 Jun 12;103(23):2788-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11401933

Galan P, Preziosi P, Monget AL, Richard MJ, Arnaud J, Lesourd B, Girodon F, Alferez MJ, Bourgeois C, Keller H, Favier A, Hercberg S. Effects of trace element and/or vitamin supplementation on vitamin and mineral status, free radical metabolism and immunological markers in elderly long term-hospitalized subjects. Geriatric Network MIN. VIT. AOX. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1997;67(6):450-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9433680

Girodon F, Galan P, Monget AL, Boutron-Ruault MC, Brunet-Lecomte P, Preziosi P, Arnaud J, Manuguerra JC, Herchberg S. Impact of trace elements and vitamin supplementation on immunity and infections in institutionalized elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial. MIN. VIT. AOX. geriatric network. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Apr 12;159(7):748-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10218756

Girodon F, Lombard M, Galan P, Brunet-Lecomte P, Monget AL, Arnaud J, Preziosi P, Hercberg S. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on infection in institutionalized elderly subjects: a controlled trial. Ann Nutr Metab. 1997;41(2):98-107. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9267584

Graat JM, Schouten EG, Kok FJ. Effect of daily vitamin E and multivitamin-mineral supplementation on acute respiratory tract infections in elderly persons: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Aug 14;288(6):715-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12169075

Hemila H, Kaprio J, Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Virtamo J. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene in relation to common cold incidence in male smokers. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):32-7. Comment in: Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):4-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11805583

Herraiz LA, Hsieh WC, Parker RS, Swanson JE, Bendich A, Roe DA. Effect of UV exposure and beta-carotene supplementation on delayed-type hypersensitivity response in healthy older men. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):617-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9853542

High KP. Nutrition and susceptibility to infection in the elderly. Infect Dis Clin Pract. 1999;8(1):34-40.

High KP. Nutritional strategies to boost immunity and prevent infection in elderly individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Dec 1;33(11):1892-900. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11692301

Hughes DA. Dietary carotenoids and human immune function. Nutrition. 2001 Oct;17(10):823-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11684388

Hughes DA. Effects of dietary antioxidants on the immune function of middle-aged adults. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 Feb;58(1):79-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10343344

Inserra PF. Effect of antioxidant hormones and nutrients on immune function in relation to aging [dissertation]. Tucson(AZ): University of Arizona; 1998. 217 p.

Jain AL. Influence of vitamins and trace-elements on the incidence of respiratory infection in the elderly. Nutr Res. 2002;22(1-2):85-7.

Jiang Q, Lykkesfeldt J, Shigenaga MK, Shigeno ET, Christen S, Ames BN. gamma-tocopherol supplementation inhibits protein nitration and ascorbate oxidation in rats with inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Dec 1;33(11):1534-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12446211

Johnson MA, Porter KH. Micronutrient supplementation and infection in institutionalized elders. Nutr Rev. 1997;55(11 I):400-4.

Kazi N, Radvany R, Oldham T, Keshavarzian A, Frommel TO, Libertin C, Mobarhan S. Immunomodulatory effect of beta-carotene on T lymphocyte subsets in patients with resected colonic polyps and cancer. Nutr Cancer. 1997;28(2):140-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9290119

Lee J. The immunomodulatory effect of antioxidants in murine retrovirus-infected mice: treatment opportunity [dissertation]. Tucson(AZ): University of Arizona; 1999. 173 p.

Mondy K, Tebas P. Bone abnormalities in HIV-infected patients on HAART. AIDS Rev. 2001;3(2):82-8.

Moriguchi S, Muraga M. Vitamin E and immunity. Vitam Horm. 2000;59:305-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10714244

Nieman DC, Pedersen BK. Exercise and immune function. Recent developments. Sports Med. 1999 Feb;27(2):73-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10091272

Pallast EG, Schouten EG, de Waart FG, Fonk HC, Doekes G, von Blomberg BM, Kok FJ. Effect of 50- and 100-mg vitamin E supplements on cellular immune function in noninstitutionalized elderly persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1273-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10357750

Patrick L. Nutrients and HIV: part two--vitamins A and E, zinc, B-vitamins, and magnesium. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Feb;5(1):39-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10696118

Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H, Jensen M, Krzywkowski K, Ostrowski K. Exercise and immune function: effect of aging and nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 Aug;58(3):733-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10604210

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of deprenyl and thioctic acid in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cognitive impairment. Dana Consortium on the Therapy of HIV Dementia and Related Cognitive Disorders. Neurology. 1998 Mar;50(3):645-51. Comment in: Neurology. 1999 Jun 10;52(9):1920-1; Neurology. 1999 Jun 10;52(9):1920; discussion 1920-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9521250

Redlich CA, Rockwell S, Chung JS, Sikora AG, Kelley M, Mayne ST. Vitamin A inhibits radiation-induced pneumonitis in rats. J Nutr. 1998 Oct;128(10):1661-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9772133

Serafini M. Dietary vitamin E and T cell-mediated function in the elderly: effectiveness and mechanism of action. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2000 Jul-Aug;18(4-5):401-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10817923

Spiers PS. On the prevention of the common cold: no help from vitamin C. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):4-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11805579

Takkouche B, Regueira-Mendez C, Garcia-Closas R, Figueiras A, Gestal-Otero JJ. Intake of vitamin C and zinc and risk of common cold: a cohort study. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):38-44. Comment in: Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):4-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11805584

Tang AM, Graham NM, Chandra RK, Saah AJ. Low serum vitamin B-12 concentrations are associated with faster human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) disease progression. J Nutr. 1997 Feb;127(2):345-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9039838

Tang AM, Graham NM, Semba RD, Saah AJ. Association between serum vitamin A and E levels and HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS. 1997 Apr;11(5):613-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9108943

Wade DT, Young CA, Chaudhuri KR, Davidson DL. A randomised placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B-12, lofepramine, and L-phenylalanine(the "Cari Loder regime") in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Sep;73(3):246-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12185153

Wakai K, Nakai S, Matsuo S, Kawamura T, Hotta N, Maeda K, Ohno Y. Risk factors for IgA nephropathy: a case-control study with incident cases in Japan. Nephron. 2002 Jan;90(1):16-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11744800

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Abahusain MA, Wright J, Dickerson JW, de Vol EB. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids in diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;53(8):630-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10477250

Anderson JW, Gowri MS, Turner J, Nichols L, Diwadkar VA, Chow CK, Oeltgen PR. Antioxidant supplementation effects on low-density lipoprotein oxidation for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Oct;18(5):451-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10511327

Are lower doses of estrogen effective against osteoporosis? Healthc Demand Dis Manag. 1999 Aug;5(8):125-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10557953

Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP, Dowell S, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D and its major metabolites: serum levels after graded oral dosing in healthy men. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(3):222-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9797906

Barton DL, Loprinzi CL, Quella SK, Sloan JA, Veeder MH , Egner JR, Fidler P, Stella PJ, Swan DK, Vaught NL, Novotny P . Prospective evaluation of vitamin E for hot flashes in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Feb;16(2):495-500. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9469333

Baynes KC, Boucher BJ, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D. Vitamin D, glucose tolerance and insulinaemia in elderly men. Diabetologia. 1997 Mar;40(3):344-7. Erratum in: Diabetologia 1997 Jul;40(7):870. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9084975

Boucher BJ . Inadequate vitamin D status: does it contribute to the disorders comprising syndrome 'X'? Br J Nutr. 1998 Apr;79(4):315-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9624222

Calles-Escandon J, Cipolla M. Diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: a clinical perspective. Endocr Rev. 2001 Feb;22(1):36-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11159815

Ceresini G, Rebecchi I, Morganti S, Maggio M, Solerte SB, Corcione L, Izzo S, Mecocci P, Valenti G. Effects of vitamin A administration on serum thyrotropin concentrations in healthy human subjects. Metabolism. 2002 Jun;51(6):691-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12037720

Chen ML, Ray S, Swamy N, Holick MF, Ray R. Mechanistic studies to evaluate the enhanced antiproliferation of human keratinocytes by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-3-bromoacetate, a covalent modifier of vitamin D receptor, compared to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Oct 1;370(1):34-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10496974

Chen TC, Holick MF. Hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has markedly increased potency in inhibiting proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes compared with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Br J Dermatol. 2000 Jul;143(1):72-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10886138

Chertow GM, Dillon MA, Amin N, Burke SK. Sevelamer with and without calcium and vitamin D: observations from a long-term open-label clinical trial. J Ren Nutr. 2000 Jul;10(3):125-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10921533

Deroisy R, Collette J, Albert A, Jupsin I, Reginster JY. Administration of a supplement containing both calcium and vitamin D is more effective than calcium alone to reduce secondary hyperparathyroidism in postmenopausal women with low 25(OH)vitamin D circulating levels. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2002 Feb;14(1):13-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12027147

Ewies AA. A comprehensive approach to the menopause: So far, one size should fit all. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001 Oct;56(10):642-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11590315

Ferber P, Moll K, Koschinsky T, Rosen P, Susanto F, Schwippert B, Tschope D. High dose supplementation of RRR-alpha-tocopherol decreases cellular hemostasis but accelerates plasmatic coagulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res. 1999 Dec;31(12):665-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10668920

Ford ES. Vitamin supplement use and diabetes mellitus incidence among adults in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 May 1;153(9):892-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11323320

Ford ES, Will JC, Bowman BA, Narayan KM. Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jan 15;149(2):168-76. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9921962

Gannage-Yared MH, Brax H, Asmar A, Tohme A. [Vitamin D status in aged subjects. Study of a Lebanese population]. Presse Med. 1998 May 23-30;27(19):900-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9767849 (Fre).

Gazis A, White DJ, Page SR, Cockcroft JR. Effect of oral vitamin E(alpha-tocopherol) supplementation on vascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Med. 1999 Apr;16(4):304-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10220204

Gilden JL. Nutrition and the older diabetic. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999 May;15(2):371-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10339639

Griesinger G, Franke K, Kinast C, Kutzelnigg A, Riedinger S, Kulin S, Kaali SG, Feichtinger W. Ascorbic acid supplement during luteal phase in IVF. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002 Apr;19(4):164-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12036083

Hartman TJ, Dorgan JF, Woodson K, Virtamo J, Tangrea JA, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, Barrett MJ, Albanes D. Effects of long-term alpha-tocopherol supplementation on serum hormones in older men. Prostate. 2001 Jan 1;46(1):33-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11170129

Heaney RP, Barger-Lux MJ, Dowell MS, Chen TC, Holick MF. Calcium absorptive effects of vitamin D and its major metabolites. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Dec;82(12):4111-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9398723

Kass-Annese B. Alternative therapies for menopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Mar;43(1):162-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10694998

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Kawakami-Tani T, Fukawa E, Tanaka H, Abe Y, Makino I. Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on serum levels of thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients with untreated Graves' disease. Metabolism. 1997 Oct;46(10):1184-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322804

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Manzella D, Barbieri M, Ragno E, Paolisso G. Chronic administration of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improves the cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jun;73(6):1052-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11382659

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Nakamoto Y, Motohashi S, Kasahara H, Numazawa K. Irreversible tubulointerstitial nephropathy associated with prolonged, massive intake of vitamin C. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Mar ;13(3):754-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9550660

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Perry HM, Horowitz M, Morley JE, Patrick P, Vellas B, Baumgartner R, Garry PJ. Longitudinal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older people. Metabolism. 1999 Aug;48(8):1028-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10459569

Reginster JY, Zegels B, Lejeune E, Micheletti MC, Taquet AN, Albert A. Influence of daily calcium and vitamin D supplementation on parathyroid hormone secretion. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2001 Feb;15(1):56-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11293926

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Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K, Lobisch M, Schuette K, Moller W, Tritschler HJ, Mehnert H. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid(alpha-lipoic acid): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial(ALADIN II). Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Free Radic Res. 1999 Sep;31(3):171-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10499773

Reunanen A, Knekt P, Aaran RK, Aromaa A. Serum antioxidants and risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Feb;52(2):89-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9505151

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Sanchez-Lugo L, Mayer-Davis EJ, Howard G, Selby JV, Ayad MF, Rewers M, Haffner S. Insulin sensitivity and intake of vitamins E and C in African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women: the insulin resistance and atherosclerosis study(IRAS). Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;66(5):1224-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9356542

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Smithline S. Natural supports for healthy menopause: An Interview with Shari Lieberman, Ph.D., C.N.S., F.A.C.N. Altern Complement Ther. 2001;7(2):96-101.

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Theiler R, Bischoff H, Tyndall A, Stahelin HB. Elevated PTH levels in hypovitaminosis D are more rapidly suppressed by the administration of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 than by vitamin D3. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(1):36-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9503046

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Sexual Function/Genitourinary Health


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Bostom AG, Gohh RY, Liaugaudas G, Beaulieu AJ, Han H, Jacques PF, Dworkin L, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Prevalence of mild fasting hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant versus coronary artery disease patients after fortification of cereal grain flour with folic acid. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Jul;145(1):221-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10428313

Bostom AG, Shemin D, Gohh RY, Beaulieu AJ, Bagley P, Massy ZA, Jacques PF, Dworkin L, Selhub J. Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int Suppl. 2001 Feb;78:S246-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11169020

Bostom AG, Shemin D, Gohh RY, Beaulieu AJ, Jacques PF, Dworkin L, Selhub J. Treatment of mild hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients versus hemodialysis patients. Transplantation. 2000 May 27;69(10):2128-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10852611

Elian KM, Hoffer LJ. Hydroxocobalamin reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease. Metabolism. 2002 Jul;51(7):881-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12077735

Jehle DR, Keller F, Schwarz A, Jehle PM. Hypercalcemia-induced renal insufficiency during therapy with dihydrotachysterol. J Med. 1999;30(1-2):39-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10515239

Korzets A, Ori Y, Chagnac A, Weinstein T, Herman M, Zevin D, Malachi T, Gafter U. Erythropoietin, folic acid deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia: is there a possible relationship in chronically hemodialyzed patients? Clin Nephrol. 2000 Jan;53(1):48-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10661482

Lindner A, Bankson DD, Stehman-Breen C, Mahuren JD, Coburn SP. Vitamin BSUB6 metabolism and homocysteine in end-stage renal disease and chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Jan;39(1):134-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11774112

Schwille PO, Schmiedl A, Herrmann U, Manoharan M, Fan J, Sharma V, Gottlieb D. Ascorbic acid in idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis humans - Does it have abettor role in oxalate, and calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate crystallization? Urol Res. 2000 Jun;28(3):167-77. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10929425

Tremblay R, Bonnardeaux A, Geadah D, Busque L, Lebrun M, Ouimet D, Leblanc M. Hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of 12-month supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins. Kidney Int. 2000 Aug;58(2):851-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10916110

Trimarchi H, Schiel A, Freixas E, Diaz M. Randomized trial of methylcobalamin and folate effects on homocysteine in hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 2002 May;91(1):58-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12021520

van Guldener C, Janssen MJ, Lambert J, ter Wee PM, Jakobs C, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. No change in impaired endothelial function after long-term folic acid therapy of hyperhomocysteinaemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Jan;13(1):106-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9481724

Westhuyzen J, Cochrane AD, Tesar PJ, Mau T, Fleming SJ. Effect of supplementation with antioxidants(alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on markers of renal tubular injury in cardiac surgery patients. Nephrology. 1997;3(6):535-9.

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Sight, Hearing, and Other Sensory Organ Health


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Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000 Sep-Oct;45(2):115-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11033038

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Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Hankinson SE. A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):509-16. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):431-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10500020

Chatproedprai S, Wananukul S. Scurvy: a case report. J Med Assoc Thai . 2001 Jun;84 Suppl 1:S106-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11529321

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Christen WG, Ajani UA, Glynn RJ, Manson JE, Schaumberg DA, Chew EC, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Prospective cohort study of antioxidant vitamin supplement use and the risk of age-related maculopathy. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Mar 1;149(5):476-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10067908

Chylack LT, Brown NP, Bron A, Hurst M, Kopcke W, Thien U, Schalch W. The Roche European American Cataract Trial(REACT): a randomized clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of an oral antioxidant micronutrient mixture to slow progression of age-related cataract. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2002 Feb;9(1):49-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11815895

Daniel E . Age-related macular degeneration: a review for health educators. Am J Health Educ. 2002 Mar-Apr;33(2):109-14.

Das A. Prevention of visual loss in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 1999 Feb;15(1):131-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9855663

de Jong N, Paw MJ, de Graaf C, van Staveren WA. Effect of dietary supplements and physical exercise on sensory perception, appetite, dietary intake and body weight in frail elderly subjects. Br J Nutr. 2000 Jun;83(6):605-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10911768

Delcourt C, Cristol JP, Tessier F, Leger CL, Descomps B, Papoz L. Age-related macular degeneration and antioxidant status in the POLA study. POLA Study Group. Pathologies Oculaires Liees a l'Age. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct;117(10):1384-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10532448

Dietary supplements reduce risk of vision loss from age-related macular degeneration. Optom Vis Sci. 2001 Dec;78(12):856. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11780662

Evans JR. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000254. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD000254. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10796708

Evans JR. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(2):CD000254. Update of: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD000254. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12076389

Evans JR. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD000254. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(2):CD000254; Update of: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000254. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11869572

Evans JR. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2001 Mar;20(2):227-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11173253

Evans JR, Henshaw K. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000253. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10796707

Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C, Busciolano M, Luca PD. Burning mouth syndrome(BMS): controlled open trial of the efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid(thioctic acid) on symptomatology. Oral Dis. 2000 Sep;6(5):274-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11002408

Femiano F, Scully C. Burning mouth syndrome(BMS): double blind controlled study of alpha-lipoic acid(thioctic acid) therapy. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002 May;31(5):267-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12110042

Gale CR, Hall NF, Phillips DI, Martyn CN. Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract. Ophthalmology. 2001 Nov;108(11):1992-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11713067

Garrett SK, McNeil JJ, Silagy C, Sinclair M, Thomas AP, Robman LP, McCarty CA, Tikellis G, Taylor HR. Methodology of the VECAT study: vitamin E intervention in cataract and age-related maculopathy. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1999 Sep;6(3):195-208. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10487974

Garrett SK, Thomas AP, Cicuttini F, Silagy C, Taylor HR, McNeil JJ. Community-based recruitment strategies for a longitudinal interventional study: the VECAT experience. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 May;53(5):541-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10812328

Gordon JE, Schooff M. Can high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc slow the progression of macular degeneration? J Fam Pract. 2002 Feb;51(2):105. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11978202

Hall NF, Gale CR. Prevention of age related macular degeneration. BMJ. 2002 Jul 6;325(7354):1-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12098707

Head KA. Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part one: diseases of the retina. Altern Med Rev. 1999 Oct;4(5):342-59. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10559549

Hussaini SH, Henderson T, Morrell AJ, Losowsky MS. Dark adaptation in early primary biliary cirrhosis. Eye. 1998;12(Pt 3a):419-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9775244

Hyman L, Neborsky R. Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an update. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2002 Jun;13(3):171-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12011686

Jacques PF. The potential preventive effects of vitamins for cataract and age-related macular degeneration. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999 May;69(3):198-205. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10389028

Jacques PF, Chylack LT, Hankinson SE, Khu PM, Rogers G, Friend J, Tung W, Wolfe JK, Padhye N, Willett WC, Taylor A. Long-term nutrient intake and early age-related nuclear lens opacities. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Jul;119(7):1009-19. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11448323

Jacques PF, Taylor A, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Mahnken B, Lee Y, Vaid K, Lahav M. Long-term vitamin C supplement use and prevalence of early age-related lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):911-6. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):739-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322567

Jampol LM. Antioxidants, zinc, and age-related macular degeneration: results and recommendations. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1533-4. Comment on: Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11594957

Jampol LM, Ferris FL 3rd. Antioxidants and zinc to prevent progression of age-related macular degeneration. JAMA. 2001 Nov 21;286(19):2466-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11759670

Kaluzny JJ, Kaluzny J. [Contemporary views on the pathogenesis and possible prophylaxis of age related cataracts]. Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 1997 Jan;2(7):76-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9296909 (Pol).

Kuzniarz M, Mitchell P, Flood VM, Wang JJ. Use of vitamin and zinc supplements and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2002 Oct;9(4):283-95. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12187426

Leske MC, Chylack LT, He Q, Wu SY, Schoenfeld E, Friend J, Wolfe J. Antioxidant vitamins and nuclear opacities: the longitudinal study of cataract. Ophthalmology. 1998 May;105(5):831-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9593382

Levin R. Can cataract and macular degeneration be ameliorated or reversed? Pharm J. 1999 Jun 12;262(7049):845-8.

Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Greger JL. Antioxidant intake and risk of incident age-related nuclear cataracts in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 May 1;149(9):801-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10221316

Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BE, Klein R, Palta M, Bowen PE, Greger JL. Serum carotenoids and tocopherols and incidence of age-related nuclear cataract. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Feb;69(2):272-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9989692

Mares-Perlman JA, Lyle BJ, Klein R, Fisher AI, Brady WE, VandenLangenberg GM, Trabulsi JN, Palta M. Vitamin supplement use and incident cataracts in a population-based study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000 Nov ;118(11):1556-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11074813

Nadalin G, Robman LD, McCarty CA, Garrett SK, McNeil JJ, Taylor HR. The role of past intake of vitamin E in early cataract changes. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1999 Jun;6(2):105-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10420210

Ohsaki K, Ueno M, Zheng HX, Wang QC, Nishizaki K, Nobuto Y, Fujimura T. Evaluation of tinnitus patients by peroral multi-drug treatment. Auris Nasus Larynx. 1998 May;25(2):149-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9673727

Olmedilla B, Granado F, Blanco I, Herrero C, Vaquero M, Millan I. Serum status of carotenoids and tocopherols in patients with age-related cataracts: a case-control study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2002;6(1):66-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11813087

Polizzi A, Schenone M, Sacca S C, Burlando S, Freedman D, Marinari G, Cuneo S, Rovida S, Formelli F, Camerini G. Role of impression cytology during hypovitaminosis A. Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Mar;82(3):303-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9602630

Pratt S. Dietary prevention of age-related macular degeneration. J Am Optom Assoc. 1999 Jan;70(1):39-47. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10457680

Qureshi SH, Selva-Nayagam DN, Crompton JL. Hypovitaminosis A in metropolitan Adelaide. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2000 Feb;28(1):62-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11345350

A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss: AREDS report no. 9. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1439-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11594943

A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36. Comment in: Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1533-4; Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Jan;120(1):100-1; Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Jul;120(7):997; discussion 997-9; Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Nov;120(11):1602; J Fam Pract. 2002 Feb;51(2):105. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11594942

Richer S. Antioxidants and the eye. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2000 Fall;40(4):1-16. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11064854

Robman LD, Tikellis G, Garrett SK, Harper CA, McNeil JJ, Taylor HR, McCarty CA. Baseline ophthalmic findings in the vitamin E, cataract and age-related maculopathy(VECAT) study. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1999 Dec;27(6):410-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10641899

Sackett CS, Schenning S. The age-related eye disease study: the results of the clinical trial. Insight. 2002 Jan-Mar;27(1):5-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11962062

Sanchez-Castillo CP, Lara J, Romero-Keith J, Castorena G, Villa AR, Lopez N, Pedraza J, Medina O, Rodriguez C, Chavez-Peon Medina F, James WP. Nutrition and cataract in low-income Mexicans: experience in an Eye camp. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Jun;51(2):113-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11678042

Schutt F, Pauleikhoff D, Holz FG. [Vitamins and trace elements in age-related macular degeneration. Current recommendations, based on the results of the AREDS study]. Ophthalmologe. 2002 Apr;99(4):301-3. Comment in: Ophthalmologe. 2002 Apr;99(4):299-300. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12058509 (Ger).

Sharma S, Shah GK. Ophthaproblem. Vitamin supplementation. Can Fam Physician. 2002 Mar;48:477-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11935709

Smith W, Mitchell P, Rochester C. Serum beta carotene, alpha tocopherol, and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997 Dec;124(6):838-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9402831

Snellen EL, Verbeek AL, Van Den Hoogen GW, Cruysberg JR, Hoyng CB. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to antioxidant intake. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2002 Aug;80(4):368-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12190777

Soubrane G, Coscas G. Experimental therapies for age-related macular degeneration. Dev Ophthalmol. 1997;29:78-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9413698

Taylor A. Nutritional influences on risk for cataract. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2000 Fall;40(4):17-49. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11064855

Taylor A, Jacques PF, Chylack LT, Hankinson SE, Khu PM, Rogers G, Friend J, Tung W, Wolfe JK, Padhye N, Willett WC. Long-term intake of vitamins and carotenoids and odds of early age-related cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;75(3):540-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11864861

Taylor HR, Keeffe JE. Ophthalmology. Med J Aust. 2002 Jan 7;176(1):29. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11840930

Taylor HR, Tikellis G, Robman LD, McCarty CA, McNeil JJ. Vitamin E supplementation and macular degeneration: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2002 Jul 6;325(7354):11. Comment in: BMJ. 2002 Jul 6;325(7354):1-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12098721

Teichmann KD. Treatment of macular degeneration, according to Bangerter. Eur J Med Res. 1997 Oct 30;2(10):445-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9348273

Teikari JM, Laatikainen L, Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Haukka J, Liesto K, Taylor P, Heinonen OP. Retinal vascular changes following supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1998 Feb;76(1):68-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9541437

Teikari JM, Laatikainen L, Virtamo J, Haukka J, Rautalahti M, Liesto K , Albanes D, Taylor P, Heinonen OP. Six-year supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and age-related maculopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1998 Apr;76(2):224-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9591958

Teikari JM, Rautalahti M, Haukka J, Jarvinen P, Hartman AM, Virtamo J, Albanes D, Heinonen O. Incidence of cataract operations in Finnish male smokers unaffected by alpha tocopherol or beta carotene supplements. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Jul;52(7):468-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9799882

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Turcotte P. Antioxidant vitamins, zinc, and age-related macular degeneration: what we can now recommend to our patients. Ophthalmic Pract. 2002;20(3):124-5.

Valero MP, Fletcher AE, De Stavola BL, Vioque J, Alepuz VC. Vitamin C is associated with reduced risk of cataract in a Mediterranean population. J Nutr. 2002 Jun;132(6):1299-306. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12042450

van der Pols JC. A possible role for vitamin C in age-related cataract. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 May;58(2):295-301. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10466170

van Rooij J, Schwartzenberg SG, Mulder PG, Baarsma SG. Oral vitamins C and E as additional treatment in patients with acute anterior uveitis: a randomised double masked study in 145 patients. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 Nov;83(11):1277-82. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10535857

VandenLangenberg GM, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein R, Klein BE, Brady WE, Palta M. Associations between antioxidant and zinc intake and the 5-year incidence of early age-related maculopathy in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jul 15;148(2):204-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9676703

Wu SY, Leske MC. Antioxidants and cataract formation: a summary review. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2000 Fall;40(4):71-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11064858

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Skin Health


Arbesman H. Influence of diet on skin cancer. Mature Med Can. 1999;2(2):102-4.

Boelsma E, Hendriks HFJ, Roza L. Nutritional skin care: Health effects of micronutrients and fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 May;73(5):853-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11333837

Fishman TD. Lessons in managing lower-extremity wounds. Nursing. 1998 Oct;28(10):50-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9801590

Hamamoto Y, Nagai K, Yasui H, Muto M. Hyperreactivity of pseudoxanthoma elasticum-affected dermis to vitamin D3. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Apr;42(4):685-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10727321

Holick M. Does sunscreen block the skin's ability to make vitamin D? If so, how can I get enough of this vitamin without raising my risk of skin cancer? Health News. 2002 Jul;8(7):12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12132498

Moon TE, Levine N, Cartmel B, Bangert JL. Retinoids in prevention of skin cancer. Cancer Lett. 1997 Mar 19;114(1-2):203-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9103292

Mrowietz U. [Do vitamin D3 and analogs have an antipsoriatic effect?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1999 Nov 26;124(47):1437. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10605426 (Ger).

North G, Booth A. Why appraise the evidence? A case study of vitamin C and the healing of pressure sores. J Hum Nutr Diet. 1999;12(3):237-44.

Rigano L, Rona C, Bonfigli A, Scalise F, Distante F, Berardesca E. An "use test" to evaluate the efficacy of oral fish cartilage polysaccharides in the treatment of photoaging. J Appl Cosmetol. 2001;19(3):75-81.

Singer P. Nutritional care to prevent and heal pressure ulcers. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 Sep;4(9):713-16. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12440237

Thomas DR. Improving outcome of pressure ulcers with nutritional interventions: a review of the evidence. Nutrition. 2001 Feb;17(2):121-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11240340

Thomas DR. Issues and dilemmas in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: A review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Jun;56(6):M328-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11382790

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Other


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Atamna H, Robinson C, Ingersoll R, Elliott H, Ames BN. N-t-Butyl hydroxylamine is an antioxidant that reverses age-related changes in mitochondria in vivo and in vitro. FASEB J. 2001 Oct;15(12):2196-204. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11641246

Badner NH, Freeman D, Spence JD. Preoperative oral B vitamins prevent nitrous oxide-induced postoperative plasma homocysteine increases. Anesth Analg. 2001 Dec;93(6):1507-10, table of contents. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11726432

Berger MM, Baines M, Chiolero RL, Wardle CA, Cayeux C, Shenkin A. Influence of early trace element and vitamin E supplements on antioxidant status after major trauma: a controlled trial. Nutr Res. 2001;21(1-2):41-54.

Billion S, Tribout B, Cadet E, Queinnec C, Rochette J, Wheatley P, Bataille P. Hyperhomocysteinaemia, folate and vitamin B12 in unsupplemented haemodialysis patients: effect of oral therapy with folic acid and vitamin B12. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Mar;17(3):455-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11865092

Bjorkegren K, Svardsudd K. Serum cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine as vitamin B12 and folate tissue deficiency markers amongst elderly Swedes--a population-based study. J Intern Med. 2001 May;249(5):423-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11350566

Boling EP. Gender and osteoporosis: similarities and sex-specific differences. J Gend Specif Med. 2001;4(2):36-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11480096

Booth SL, O'Brien-Morse ME, Dallal GE, Davidson KW, Gundberg CM. Response of vitamin K status to different intakes and sources of phylloquinone-rich foods: comparison of younger and older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3):368-77. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10479199

Booth SL, Tucker KL, McKeown NM, Davidson KW, Dallal GE, Sadowski JA. Relationships between dietary intakes and fasting plasma concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in humans. J Nutr. 1997 Apr;127(4):587-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9109609

Bostom AG, Shemin D, Bagley P, Massy ZA, Zanabli A, Christopher K, Spiegel P, Jacques PF, Dworkin L, Selhub J. Controlled comparison of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate versus folic acid for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients. Circulation. 2000 Jun 20;101(24):2829-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10859289

Bronstrup A, Hages M, Pietrzik K. Lowering of homocysteine concentrations in elderly men and women. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1999 May;69(3):187-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10389026

Brown AJ. Therapeutic uses of vitamin D analogues. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Nov;38(5 Suppl 5):S3-19. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11689383

Brown AJ. Vitamin D analogues. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998 Oct;32(2 Suppl 2):S25-39. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9808141

Burton GW, Traber MG, Acuff RV, Walters DN, Kayden H, Hughes L, Ingold KU. Human plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations in response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):669-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9537614

Butland BK, Fehily AM, Elwood PC. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax. 2000 Feb;55(2):102-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10639525

Camilo ME, Paiva SA, O'Brien ME, Booth SL, Davidson KW, Sokoll LJ, Sadowski JA, Russell RM. The interaction between vitamin K nutriture and warfarin administration in patients with bacterial overgrowth due to atrophic gastritis. J Nutr Health Aging. 1998;2(2):73-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10993569

Candan F, Gultekin F, Candan F. Effect of vitamin C and zinc on osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation in zinc-deficient haemodialysis patients. Cell Biochem Funct. 2002 Jun;20(2):95-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11979503

Cao G, Russell RM, Lischner N, Prior RL. Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12):2383-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9868185

Carmel R. Mild cobalamin deficiency. West J Med. 1998 Jun;168(6):522-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9655994

Chatproedprai S, Wananukul S. Scurvy: a case report. J Med Assoc Thai . 2001 Jun;84 Suppl 1:S106-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11529321

Chen TC, Persons KS, Lu Z, Mathieu JS, Holick MF. An evaluation of the biologic activity and vitamin D receptor binding affinity of the photoisomers of vitamin D3 and previtamin D3. J Nutr Biochem. 2000 May;11(5):267-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10876100

Chin A, Paw M J, de Jong N, Schouten EG, van Staveren WA, Kok FJ. Physical exercise or micronutrient supplementation for the wellbeing of the frail elderly? A randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Apr;36(2):126-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11916896

Chin A, Paw MJ, de Jong N, Schouten EG, Hiddink GJ, Kok FJ. Physical exercise and/or enriched foods for functional improvement in frail, independently living elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jun;82(6):811-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11387588

Choumenkovitch SF, Jacques PF, Nadeau MR, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Folic acid fortification increases red blood cell folate concentrations in the Framingham study. J Nutr. 2001 Dec;131(12):3277-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11739880

Chowienczyk PJ, Kneale BJ, Brett SE, Paganga G, Jenkins BS, Ritter JM. Lack of effect of vitamin E on L-arginine-responsive endothelial dysfunction in patients with mild hypercholesterolaemia and coronary artery disease. Clin Sci(Lond). 1998 Feb;94(2):129-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9536920

Christen S, Woodall AA, Shigenaga MK, Southwell-Keely PT, Duncan MW, Ames BN. gamma-tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NO(X) and complements alpha-tocopherol: physiological implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3217-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9096373

Chui CH, Lau FY, Wong R, Soo OY, Lam CK, Lee PW, Leung HK, So CK , Tsoi WC, Tang N, Lam WK, Cheng G. Vitamin B12 deficiency--need for a new guideline. Nutrition. 2001 Nov-Dec;17(11-12):917-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11744340

Chung J, Chavez PR, Russell RM, Wang XD. Retinoic acid inhibits hepatic Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent signaling pathway in ethanol-fed rats. Oncogene. 2002 Feb 28;21(10):1539-47. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11896582

Chung J, Liu C, Smith DE, Seitz HK, Russell RM, Wang XD. Restoration of retinoic acid concentration suppresses ethanol-enhanced c-Jun expression and hepatocyte proliferation in rat liver. Carcinogenesis. 2001 Aug;22(8):1213-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11470752

Chuwers P, Barnhart S, Blanc P, Brodkin CA, Cullen M, Kelly T, Keogh J, Omenn G, Williams J, Balmes JR. The protective effect of beta-carotene and retinol on ventilatory function in an asbestos-exposed cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Mar;155(3):1066-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9116988

Cianfriglia F, Manieri A, Di Gregorio DA, Di Iorio AM. Retinol dietary intake and oral leukoplakia development. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 1998 Sep;17(3):331-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9894771

Coombes JS. Improved cardiac performance during reperfusion following ischemia in aged rats supplemented with vitamin e and alpha-lipoic acid [dissertation]. Gainesville(FL): University of Forida; 1998. 64 p.

Cristol JP, Bosc JY, Badiou S, Leblanc M, Lorrho R, Descomps B, Canaud B. Erythropoietin and oxidative stress in haemodialysis: Beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Nov;12(11):2312-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9394317

Crowther MA, Donovan D, Harrison L, McGinnis J, Ginsberg J. Low-dose oral vitamin K reliably reverses over-anticoagulation due to warfarin. Thromb Haemost. 1998 Jun;79(6):1116-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9657434

Crowther MA, Douketis JD, Schnurr T, Steidl L, Mera V, Ultori C, Venco A, Ageno W. Oral vitamin K lowers the international normalized ratio more rapidly than subcutaneous vitamin K in the treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Aug 20;137(4):251-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12186515

de Jong N, Chin A, Paw MJ, de Graaf C, Hiddink GJ, de Groot L, van Staveren WA. Appraisal of 4 months' consumption of nutrient-dense foods within the daily feeding pattern of frail elderly. J Aging Health. 2001 May;13(2):200-16. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11787512

De Jong N, Chin A Paw MJ, De Groot LC, De Graaf C, Kok FJ, Van Staveren WA. Functional biochemical and nutrient indices in frail elderly people are partly affected by dietary supplements but not by exercise. J Nutr. 1999 Nov;129(11):2028-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10539780

de Jong N, Paw MJ, de Groot LC, de Graaf C, Kok FJ, van Staveren WA. Functional biochemical and nutrient indices in frail elderly people are partly affected by dietary supplements but not by exercise. J Nutr. 1999 Nov;129(11):2028-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10539780

Dietrich M, Block G, Hudes M, Morrow JD, Norkus EP, Traber MG, Cross CE, Packer L. Antioxidant supplementation decreases lipid peroxidation biomarker F(2)-isoprostanes in plasma of smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jan;11(1):7-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11815395

Ducloux D, Aboubakr A, Motte G, Toubin G, Fournier V, Chalopin JM, Drueke T, Massy ZA. Hyperhomocysteinaemia therapy in haemodialysis patients: Folinic versus folic acid in combination with vitamin B6 and B12. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 May;17(5):865-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11981075

Eklof B. Case of superficial incompetence. Hawaii Med J. 2000 Jun;59(6):252-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10916240

Elsayed NM, Bendich A. Dietary antioxidants: Potential effects on oxidative products in cigarette smoke. Nutr Res. 2001;21(3):551-67.

Evans AT, Husain S, Durairaj L, Sadowski LS, Charles-Damte M, Wang Y. Azithromycin for acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2002 May 11;359(9318):1648-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12020525

Fain O, Thomas M. [Scurvy at the present time]. Cah Nutr Diet. 1997;32(5):300-5. (Fre).

Fenech M. Micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes is related to plasma vitamin B12 and homocysteine. Mutat Res. 1999 Jul 16;428(1-2):299-304. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10518002

Fernando OV, Grimsley EW. Prevalence of folate deficiency and macrocytosis in patients with and without alcohol-related illness. South Med J. 1998 Aug;91(8):721-5. Comment in: South Med J. 1999 Aug;92(8):841. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9715215

Finer N, James WP, Kopelman PG, Lean ME, Williams G. One-year treatment of obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Mar;24(3):306-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10757623

Fortes C, Agabiti N, Fano V, Pacifici R, Forastiere F, Virgili F, Zuccaro P, Perruci CA, Ebrahim S. Zinc supplementation and plasma lipid peroxides in an elderly population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;51(2):97-101. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9049568

Garewal HS, Katz RV, Meyskens F, Pitcock J, Morse D, Friedman S, Peng Y, Pendrys DG, Mayne S, Alberts D, Kiersch T, Graver E. Beta-carotene produces sustained remissions in patients with oral leukoplakia: results of a multicenter prospective trial. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999 Dec;125(12):1305-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10604407

Girodon F, Blache D, Monget AL, Lombart M, Brunet-Lecompte P, Arnaud J, Richard M J, Galan P. Effect of a two-year supplementation with low doses of antioxidant vitamins and/or minerals in elderly subjects on levels of nutrients and antioxidant defense parameters. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Aug;16(4):357-65. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263186

Goswami K, Bandopadhyay A, Banerjee SK, Bhattacharya B. Enzymes in lead smelting factory workers: Effect of ascorbic acid supplement. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2000;4(2):83-5.

Griffith SM, Fisher J, Clarke S, Montgomery B, Jones PW, Saklatvala J , Dawes PT, Shadforth MF, Hothersall TE, Hassell AB, Hay EM. Do patients with rheumatoid arthritis established on methotrexate and folic acid 5 mg daily need to continue folic acid supplements long term? Rheumatology(Oxford). 2000 Oct;39(10):1102-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11035130

Habib MP, Tank LJ, Lane LC, Garewal HS. Effect of vitamin E on exhaled ethane in cigarette smokers. Chest. 1999 Mar;115(3):684-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10084476

Haraguchi G, Yamada S, Tanaka M, Hashimoto Y, Kakuta T, Kishi Y, Maruyama Y, Numano F. A case of scurvy rarely encountered in Japan. Vasc Med. 1997;2(2):143-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9546956

Harper L, Nuttall S L, Martin U, Savage CO. Adjuvant treatment of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with vitamins E and C reduces superoxide production by neutrophils. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2002 Mar;41(3):274-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11934963

Hemila H, Douglas RM. Vitamin C and acute respiratory infections. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999 Sep;3(9):756-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10488881

Hemila H, Kaprio J, Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Virtamo J. Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene in relation to common cold incidence in male smokers. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):32-7. Comment in: Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):4-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11805583

Hemila H, Kaprio J, Pietinen P, Albanes D, Heinonen OP. Vitamin C and other compounds in vitamin C rich food in relation to risk of tuberculosis in male smokers. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Sep 15;150(6):632-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10490003

Herrick AL, Hollis S, Schofield D, Rieley F, Blann A, Griffin K, Moore T, Braganza JM, Jayson MI. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antioxidant therapy in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000 May-Jun;18(3):349-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10895372

Horvathova M, Jahnova E, Gazdik F. Detection of intracellular cytokines during antioxidant supplementation in corticoid-dependent asthmatics and modulation of adhesion molecule expression on cultured endothelial cells. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Oct;83(1):17-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11693999

Houston DK, Johnson MA . Does vitamin C intake protect against lead toxicity? Nutr Rev. 2000 Mar;58(3 Pt 1):73-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10812921

Huang HY, Appel LJ, Croft KD, Miller ER, Mori TA, Puddey IB. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on in vivo lipid peroxidation: results of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Sep;76(3):549-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12197998

Huilgol VR, Markus SL, Vakil NB. Antibiotic-induced iatrogenic hemobilia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Apr;92(4):706-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9128332

Hulshof MM, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Bergman W, Masclee AA, Heickendorff L, Breedveld FC, Dijkmans BA. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral calcitriol for the treatment of localized and systemic scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Dec;43(6):1017-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11100017

Hustad S, McKinley MC, McNulty H, Schneede J, Strain JJ, Scott JM, Ueland PM. Riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide in human plasma and erythrocytes at baseline and after low-dose riboflavin supplementation. Clin Chem. 2002 Sep;48(9):1571-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12194936

Hvas AM, Ellegaard J, Nexo E. Vitamin B12 treatment normalizes metabolic markers but has limited clinical effect: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Chem. 2001 Aug;47(8):1396-404. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11468228

Jacob RA. Individual variability in homocysteine response to folate depletion: an unusual case. Nutr Rev. 1998 Jul;56(7):212-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9697387

Jacques PF, Bostom AG, Wilson PW, Rich S, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Determinants of plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):613-21. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):499-500; Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;74(4):558-9; Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):948. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11237940

Jacques PF, Felson DT, Tucker KL, Mahnken B, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH, Rush D. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its determinants in an elderly population sample. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):929-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322570

Jacques PF, Selhub J, Bostom AG, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH. The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. N Engl J Med. 1999 May 13;340(19):1449-54. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):922-3; discussion 924; N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):923-4; N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 16;341(12):923; discussion 924. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10320382

Jacquet A. [Evaluation of Nutricap(R) for men dietary supplement for hair complaints]. Nouv Dermatol. 1999;18(10):680-3. (Fre).

Jain AL. Influence of vitamins and trace-elements on the incidence of respiratory infection in the elderly. Nutr Res. 2002;22(1-2):85-7.

Johnson EJ, Qin J, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. Ingestion by men of a combined dose of beta-carotene and lycopene does not affect the absorption of beta-carotene but improves that of lycopene. J Nutr. 1997 Sep;127(9):1833-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9278568

Johnston SD, Robinson J. Fatal pneumococcal septicaemia in a coeliac patient. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Apr;10(4):353-4. Comment in: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Oct;10(10):899-900. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9855054

Kampman KM, Rukstalis M, Ehrman R, McGinnis DE, Gariti P, Volpicelli JR, Pettinati H, O'Brien CP. Open trials as a method of prioritizing medications for inclusion in controlled trials for cocaine dependence. Addict Behav. 1999 Mar-Apr;24(2):287-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10336110

Keogh BP. Control of antioxidant defenses during cellular aging and the effect of antioxidant augmentation on gene expression [dissertation]. Philadelphia(PA): University of Pennsylvania; 1998. 240 p.

Kharb S, Ghalaut VS, Ghalaut PS. Alpha tocopherol concentration in serum of critically ill patients. J Assoc Physicians India. 1999 Apr;47(4):400-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10778524

Kistler A, Liechti H, Pichard L, Wolz E, Oesterhelt G, Hayes A, Maurel P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2002 Jan;75(11-12):665-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11876499

Kleier C, Werkmeister R, Joos U. [Zinc and vitamin A deficiency in diseases of the mouth mucosa]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 1998 Nov;2(6):320-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9881002 (Ger).

Krall EA, Wehler C, Garcia RI, Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium and vitamin D supplements reduce tooth loss in the elderly. Am J Med. 2001 Oct 15;111(6):452-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11690570

Kumar MV. Vitamin a and beta(3) adrenergic regulation of leptin and UCP1 expression: role in energy homeostasis and senescence [dissertation]. Gainesville(FL): University of Florida; 1998. 123 p.

Lewis CJ, Crane NT, Wilson DB, Yetley EA. Estimated folate intakes: data updated to reflect food fortification, increased bioavailability, and dietary supplement use. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):198-207. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):177-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10426695

Leyva M. Folic acid intake and its effects on the prevention of neural tube defects, the masking of vitamin B12 deficiency and the reduction of homocysteine. J Okla State Med Assoc. 2002 May;95(5):339-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12043109

Liede K, Hietanen J, Saxen L, Haukka J, Timonen T, Hayrinen-Immonen R, Heinonen OP. Long-term supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in smokers. Oral Dis. 1998 Jun;4(2):78-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9680894

Liede KE, Alfthan G, Hietanen JH, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Beta-carotene concentration in buccal mucosal cells with and without dysplastic oral leukoplakia after long-term beta-carotene supplementation in male smokers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Dec;52(12):872-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9881881

Liede KE, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Increased tendency towards gingival bleeding caused by joint effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and acetylsalicylic acid. Ann Med. 1998 Dec;30(6):542-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9920356

Liu C, Russell RM, Seitz HK, Wang XD. Ethanol enhances retinoic acid metabolism into polar metabolites in rat liver via induction of cytochrome P4502E1. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jan;120(1):179-89. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11208727

Lubetsky A, Dekel-Stern E, Chetrit A, Lubin F, Halkin H. Vitamin K intake and sensitivity to warfarin in patients consuming regular diets. Thromb Haemost. 1999 Mar;81(3):396-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10102468

Lykkesfeldt J, Christen S, Wallock LM, Chang HH, Jacob RA, Ames BN. Ascorbate is depleted by smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;71(2):530-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10648268

Mahajan MK, Singh V. Assessment of efficacy of pyridoxine in control of radiation induced sickness. J Indian Med Assoc. 1998 Mar;96(3):82-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9828551

Mattson MP, Kruman II, Duan W. Folic acid and homocysteine in age-related disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2002 Feb;1(1):95-111. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12039451

Mecocci P, Polidori MC, Cherubini A, Ingegni T, Mattioli P, Catani M, Rinaldi P, Cecchetti R, Stahl W, Senin U, Beal MF. Lymphocyte oxidative DNA damage and plasma antioxidants in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2002 May;59(5):794-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12020262

Moller P, Loft S. Oxidative DNA damage in human white blood cells in dietary antioxidant intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Aug;76(2):303-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12144999

Morris MS, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J, Bowman BA, Gunter EW, Wright JD, Johnson CL. Serum total homocysteine concentration is related to self-reported heart attack or stroke history among men and women in the NHANES III. J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):3073-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11110872

Munoz CA, Kiger RD, Stephens JA, Kim J, Wilson AC. Effects of a nutritional supplement on periodontal status. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2001 May;22(5):425-8, 430, 432 passim; quiz 440. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11913269

Nierenberg DW, Dain BJ, Mott LA, Baron JA, Greenberg ER. Effects of 4 y of oral supplementation with beta-carotene on serum concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, and five carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):315-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9250109

Paiva SA, Sepe TE, Booth SL, Camilo ME, O'Brien ME, Davidson KW, Sadowski JA, Russell RM. Interaction between vitamin K nutriture and bacterial overgrowth in hypochlorhydria induced by omeprazole. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Sep;68(3):699-704. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9734750

Picado C, Deulofeu R, Lleonart R, Agusti M, Mullol J, Quinto L, Torra M. Dietary micronutrients/antioxidants and their relationship with bronchial asthma severity. Allergy. 2001 Jan;56(1):43-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11167351

Pohl J, Stremmel W. [Megaloblastic anemia in a psychogenic eating disorder]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1999 Sep 10;124(36):1033-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10506841 (Ger).

Prabhala A, Garg R, Dandona P. Severe myopathy associated with vitamin D deficiency in western New York. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Apr 24;160(8):1199-203. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10789615

Pratico D, Basili S, Vieri M, Cordova C, Violi F, Fitzgerald GA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increase in urinary levels of isoprostane F2alpha-III, an index of oxidant stress. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Dec;158(6):1709-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9847257

Rajan S. Screening for and treatment of cobalamin deficiency in older adults [dissertation]. Seattle(WA): University of Washington; 2000. 112 p.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of deprenyl and thioctic acid in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cognitive impairment. Dana Consortium on the Therapy of HIV Dementia and Related Cognitive Disorders. Neurology. 1998 Mar;50(3):645-51. Comment in: Neurology. 1999 Jun 10;52(9):1920-1; Neurology. 1999 Jun 10;52(9):1920; discussion 1920-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9521250

Redlich CA, Blaner WS, Van Bennekum AM, Chung JS, Clever SL, Holm CT, Cullen MR. Effect of supplementation with beta-carotene and vitamin A on lung nutrient levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Mar;7(3):211-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9521435

Reljanovic M, Reichel G, Rett K, Lobisch M, Schuette K, Moller W, Tritschler HJ, Mehnert H. Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant thioctic acid(alpha-lipoic acid): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial(ALADIN II). Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy. Free Radic Res. 1999 Sep;31(3):171-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10499773

Riddell LJ, Chisholm A, Williams S, Mann JI. Dietary strategies for lowering homocysteine concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1448-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10837284

Russell RM, Baik H, Kehayias JJ. Older men and women efficiently absorb vitamin B-12 from milk and fortified bread. J Nutr. 2001 Feb;131(2):291-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11160548

Saw SM, Yuan JM, Ong CN, Arakawa K, Lee HP, Coetzee GA, Yu MC. Genetic, dietary, and other lifestyle determinants of plasma homocysteine concentrations in middle-aged and older Chinese men and women in Singapore. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Feb;73(2):232-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11157318

Schunemann HJ. The relation of serum levels of antioxidant vitamins with pulmonary function in a sample from the general population [dissertation]. Buffalo(NY): State University of New York at Buffalo; 2000. 177 p.

Schunemann HJ, Grant BJ, Freudenheim JL, Muti P, Browne RW, Drake JA, Klocke RA, Trevisan M. The relation of serum levels of antioxidant vitamins C and E, retinol and carotenoids with pulmonary function in the general population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;163(5):1246-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11316666

Seal EC, Metz J, Flicker L, Melny J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral vitamin B12 supplementation in older patients with subnormal or borderline serum vitamin B12 concentrations. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Jan;50(1):146-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12028259

Seidman MD. Effects of dietary restriction and antioxidants on presbyacusis. Laryngoscope. 2000 May;110(5 Pt 1):727-38. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10807352

Selhub J, Jacques PF, Bostom AG, Wilson PW, Rosenberg IH. Relationship between plasma homocysteine and vitamin status in the Framingham study population. Impact of folic acid fortification. Public Health Rev. 2000;28(1-4):117-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11411265

Smith DL. Anemia in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Oct 1;62(7):1565-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11037074

Stern LL, Bagley PJ, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J. Conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid is unimpaired in folate-adequate persons homozygous for the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. J Nutr. 2000 Sep;130(9):2238-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10958818

Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Miller ER, Maguire MG, Selhub J, Appel LJ. Association of dietary protein intake and coffee consumption with serum homocysteine concentrations in an older population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Mar;69(3):467-75. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10075332

Suliman ME, Filho JC, Barany P, Anderstam B, Lindholm B, Bergstrom J. Effects of methionine loading on plasma and erythrocyte sulphur amino acids and sulph-hydryls before and after co-factor supplementation in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001 Jan;16(1):102-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11209001

Sydow K, Boger RH. [Homocysteine, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk: pathomechanisms and therapeutic options]. Z Kardiol. 2001 Jan;90(1):1-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11220081 (Ger).

Tabak C, Feskens EJ, Heederik D, Kromhout D, Menotti A, Blackburn HW. Fruit and fish consumption: a possible explanation for population differences in COPD mortality(The Seven Countries Study). Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Nov;52(11):819-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9846595

Tan DS, Reiter RJ, Manchester LC, Yan MT, El-Sawi M, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Kohen R, Allegra M, Hardeland R. Chemical and physical properties and potential mechanisms: melatonin as a broad spectrum antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002 Feb;2(2):181-97. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11899100

Tremblay R, Bonnardeaux A, Geadah D, Busque L, Lebrun M, Ouimet D, Leblanc M. Hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: effects of 12-month supplementation with hydrosoluble vitamins. Kidney Int. 2000 Aug;58(2):851-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10916110

Tucker KL, Rich S, Rosenberg I, Jacques P, Dallal G, Wilson PW, Selhub J. Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations relate to intake source in the Framingham Offspring study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;71(2):514-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10648266

Tutuncu NB, Bayraktar M, Pehlivanoglu B. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on erythrocyte osmotic fragility in diabetic patients. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 1999;20(3):201-07. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10463845

van Asselt DZ, Blom HJ, Zuiderent R, Wevers RA, Jakobs C, van den Broek WJ, Lamers CB, Corstens FH, Hoefnagels WH. Clinical significance of low cobalamin levels in older hospital patients. Neth J Med. 2000 Aug;57(2):41-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10924940

van Guldener C, Janssen MJ, Lambert J, ter Wee PM, Jakobs C, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. No change in impaired endothelial function after long-term folic acid therapy of hyperhomocysteinaemia in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Jan;13(1):106-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9481724

van het Hof KH, Tijburg LB, de Boer HS, Wiseman S A, Weststrate JA. Antioxidant fortified margarine increases the antioxidant status. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;52(4):292-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9578342

van Tits LJ, de Waart F, Hak-Lemmers HL, van Heijst P, de Graaf J, Demacker PN, Stalenhoef AF. Effects of alpha-tocopherol on superoxide production and plasma intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and antibodies to oxidized LDL in chronic smokers. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 May 15;30(10):1122-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11369502

Vogel S, Contois JH, Tucker KL, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ, Lammi-Keefe CJ. Plasma retinol and plasma and lipoprotein tocopherol and carotenoid concentrations in healthy elderly participants of the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):950-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322573

Walda IC, Tabak C, Smit HA, Rasanen L, Fidanza F, Menotti A, Nissinen A, Feskens EJM, Kromhout D. Diet and 20-year chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in middle-aged men from three European countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jul;56(7):638-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12080403

Wander RC, Du SH. Oxidation of plasma proteins is not increased after supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):731-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10966891

Wang XD, Russell RM. Antioxidants and lung cancer prevention. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme. 2000;4:39-53; discussion 53-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11490581

Weigel R . Nonoperative management of hyperparathyroidism: present and future. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jan;13(1):33-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11148683

Wilkinson TJ, Hanger HC, Elmslie J, George PM, Sainsbury R. The response to treatment of subclinical thiamine deficiency in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4):925-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322569

Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):690-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10966885

Yeum KJ, dos Anjos Ferreira AL, Smith D, Krinsky NI, Russell RM. The effect of alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Jul 15;29(2):105-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10980399

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Hormone Products

General/Multiple Health Issues


Araghi-Niknam M. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in aged humans and C57BL/6 mice [dissertation]. Tucson(AZ): The University of Arizona; 1997. 179 p.

Arlt W, Callies F, Koehler I, van Vlijmen JC, Fassnacht M, Strasburger CJ, Seibel MJ, Huebler D, Ernst M, Oettel M, Reincke M, Schulte HM, Allolio B. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy men with an age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4686-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11600526

Barrou Z, Charru P, Lidy C. Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) and aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1997;24(3):233-41.

Bastianetto S, Quirion R. Any facts behind the DHEA hype? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1997 Dec;18(12):447-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9458690

Bates GW, Buster JE, Casson PR. DHEA therapy in aging: possibilities and pitfalls. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1998;5(4):357-66.

Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, Lahlou N, Roger M, Debuire B, Faucounau V, Girard L, Hervy MP, Latour F, Leaud MC, Mokrane A, Pitti-Ferrandi H, Trivalle C, de Lacharriere O, Nouveau S, Rakoto-Arison B, Souberbielle JC, Raison J, Le Bouc Y, Raynaud A, Girerd X, Forette F. Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4279-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10760294

Broeder CE, Quindry J, Brittingham K, Panton L, Thomson J, Appakondu S , Breuel K, Byrd R, Douglas J, Earnest C, Mitchell C, Olson M, Roy T, Yarlagadda C. The Andro Project: physiological and hormonal influences of androstenedione supplementation in men 35 to 65 years old participating in a high-intensity resistance training program. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Nov 13;160(20):3093-104. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11074738

Broeder CE, Quindry J, Brittingham K, Pipe A. Effects of testosterone precursor supplementation on intensive weight training. Clin J Sport Med. 2001 Apr;11(2):126. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11403114

Brzezinski A. "Melatonin replacement therapy" for postmenopausal women: is it justified? Menopause. 1998 Spring;5(1):60-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9689196

Bubenik GA, Blask DE, Brown GM, Maestroni GJ, Pang SF, Reiter RJ, Viswanathan M, Zisapel N. Prospects of the clinical utilization of melatonin. Biol Signals Recept. 1998 Jul-Aug;7(4):195-219. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9730580

Cogan E. [DHEA: orthodox or alternative medicine ?]. Rev Med Brux. 2001;22(4):A381-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11680205 (Fre).

degli Uberti EC, Ambrosio MR, Cella SG, Margutti AR, Trasforini G, Rigamonti AE, Petrone E, Muller EE. Defective hypothalamic growth hormone(GH)-releasing hormone activity may contribute to declining GH secretion with age in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Sep;82(9):2885-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9284714

DHEA. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2001 Jun;6(3):314-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11410076

DHEA: the last elixir. Prescrire Int. 2002 Aug;11(60):118-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12199273

Faintuch J, Leme RB, Neto DG, Gama-Rodrigues JJ. Pharmacologic therapy with growth hormone in elderly patients. Mature Med Can. 2000;3(2):69-72.

Flynn MA, Weaver-Osterholtz D, Sharpe-Timms KL, Allen S, Krause G. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in aging humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 May;84(5):1527-33. Comment in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1999 Dec;84(12):4748-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10323374

Garfinkel D, Berner YN. Antioxidants and aging: Is melatonin a possible, practical new hope? Nutrition. 1998 Sep;14(9):712-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9760595

Hermann M, Berger P. Hormone replacement in the aging male? Exp Gerontol. 1999 Dec;34(8):923-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10673146

Jayaraj K. Should doctors give hormones to healthy elders? N C Med J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):340-5. Comment in: N C Med J. 2000 Jan-Feb;61(1):377-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10581942

Johnson MD, Bebb RA, Sirrs SM. Uses of DHEA in aging and other disease states. Ageing Res Rev. 2002 Feb;1(1):29-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12039447

Jurgens G, Lange KH, Reuther LO, Rasmussen BB, Brosen K, Christensen HR. Effect of growth hormone on hepatic cytochrome P450 activity in healthy elderly men. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Mar;71(3):162-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11907490

Keller C, Fullerton J, Mobley C. Supplemental and complementary alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 1999 May;11(5):187-98. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10504933

Kuhn CM. Anabolic steroids. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2002;57:411-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12017555

Leonardi D, Mintz AP, Dotson A, Mukai J. Hormone modulation, low glycemic nutrition, and exercise instruction: effects on disease risk and quality of life. J Antiaging Med. 2001;4(4):357-71.

Martin FC, Sturgess I. Growth hormone, aging and frailty. Rev Clin Gerontol. 1999;9(3):207-14.

Martin FC, Yeo AL, Sonksen PH. Growth hormone secretion in the elderly: ageing and the somatopause. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jul;11(2):223-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9403121

Melatonin: interesting, but not miraculous. Prescrire Int. 1998 Dec;7(38):180-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10848053

Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SS. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 1998 Oct;49(4):421-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9876338

Murray RD, Shalet SM. Growth hormone: current and future therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2000 Jul;1(5):975-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11249503

Porsova-Dutoit I, Sulcova J, Starka L. Do DHEA/DHEAS play a protective role in coronary heart disease? Physiol Res. 2000;49 Suppl 1:S43-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10984071

Rapport L, Lockwood B. Nutraceuticals:(8) Melatonin. Pharm J. 2001 Jun 30;266(7154):898-902.

Schlienger JL, Perrin AE, Goichot B. [DHEA: an unknown star]. Rev Med Interne. 2002 May;23(5):436-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12064215 (Fre).

Shomali ME. The use of anti-aging hormones. Melatonin, growth hormone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone: consumer enthusiasm for unproven therapies. Md Med J. 1997 Apr;46(4):181-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9114695

Sirrs SM, Bebb RA. DHEA: panacea or snake oil? Can Fam Physician. 1999 Jul;45:1723-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10424272

Vance ML. The Gordon Wilson Lecture. Growth hormone replacement in adults and other uses. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 1998;109:87-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9601130

Welle S. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I as anabolic agents. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998 May;1(3):257-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10565358

Wetterberg L. Melatonin and clinical application. Reprod Nutr Dev. 1999 May-Jun;39(3):367-82. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10420439

Williams JR. The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on carcinogenesis, obesity, the immune system, and aging. Lipids. 2000 Mar;35(3):325-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10783010

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Anti-Aging


Ankrom MA, Patterson JA, d'Avis PY, Vetter UK, Blackman MR, Sponseller PD, Tayback M, Robey PG, Shapiro JR, Fedarko NS. Age-related changes in human oestrogen receptor alpha function and levels in osteoblasts. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 1;333( Pt 3):787-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9677341

Blackman MR. Age-related alterations in sleep quality and neuroendocrine function: interrelationships and implications. JAMA. 2000 Aug 16;284(7):879-81. Comment on: JAMA. 2000 Aug 16;284(7):861-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10938179

Casson PR, Carson SA, Buster JE. Replacement dehydroepiandrosterone in the elderly: Rationale and prospects for the future. Endocrinologist. 1998;8(3):187-94.

Cummings DE, Merriam GR. Age-related changes in growth hormone secretion: should the somatopause be treated? Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1999;17(4):311-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10851571

Gusenoff JA, Harman SM, Veldhuis JD, Jayme JJ, St Clair C, Munzer T, Christmas C, O'Connor KG, Stevens TE, Bellantoni MF, Pabst K, Blackman MR. Cortisol and GH secretory dynamics, and their interrelationships, in healthy aged women and men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Apr;280(4):E616-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11254469

Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):724-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11158037

Haydar ZR, Blackman MR, Tobin JD, Wright JG, Fleg JL. The relationship between aerobic exercise capacity and circulating IGF-1 levels in healthy men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Feb;48(2):139-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10682942

Karasek M, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and aging. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2002 Apr;23 Suppl 1:14-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12019345

Keppel Hesselink JM. [Prasterone(dihydroepiandrosterone): a modern source of eternal youth?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 1997 Dec 20;141(51):2484-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9555138 (Dut).

Laron Z. Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 deficiency on ageing and longevity. Novartis Found Symp. 2002;242:125-37; discussion 137-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11855684

Legrain S, Massien C, Lahlou N, Roger M, Debuire B, Diquet B, Chatellier G, Azizi M, Faucounau V, Porchet H, Forette F, Baulieu EE. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement administration: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;85(9):3208-17. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10999810

Marcell TJ, Harman SM, Urban RJ, Metz DD, Rodgers BD, Blackman MR. Comparison of GH, IGF-I, and testosterone with mRNA of receptors and myostatin in skeletal muscle in older men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Dec;281(6):E1159-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11701429

Marcus R, Hoffman AR. Growth hormone as therapy for older men and women. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1998;38:45-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9597148

Nawata H, Yanase T, Goto K, Okabe T, Ashida K. Mechanism of action of anti-aging DHEA-S and the replacement of DHEA-S. Mech Ageing Dev. 2002 Apr 30;123(8):1101-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12044959

Nohl H, Staniek K. [Is melatonin an antioxidant?]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1997 Oct 3;109(18):737-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9441517 (Ger).

O'Connor KG, Tobin JD, Harman SM, Plato CC, Roy TA, Sherman SS, Blackman MR. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I are related to age and not to body composition in healthy women and men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998 May;53(3):M176-82. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9597048

Riedl M, Kotzmann H, Luger A. [Growth hormone in the elderly man]. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2001;151(18-20):426-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11817251 (Ger).

Savine R, Sonksen PH. Is the somatopause an indication for growth hormone replacement? J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22(5 Suppl):142-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10442584

Vittone J, Blackman MR, Busby-Whitehead J, Tsiao C, Stewart KJ, Tobin J, Stevens T, Bellantoni MF, Rogers MA, Baumann G, Roth J, Harman SM, Spencer RG. Effects of single nightly injections of growth hormone-releasing hormone(GHRH 1-29) in healthy elderly men. Metabolism. 1997 Jan;46(1):89-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9005976

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Bone and Muscle Health


Christmas C, O'Connor KG, Harman SM, Tobin JD, Munzer T, Bellantoni MF, Clair CS, Pabst KM, Sorkin JD, Blackman MR. Growth hormone and sex steroid effects on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in healthy aged women and men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Jan;57(1):M12-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11773207

Cormier C, Souberbielle JC, Kahan A. DHEA in bone and joint diseases. Joint Bone Spine. 2001 Dec;68(6):588-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11809003

Fernholm R, Bramnert M, Hagg E, Hilding A, Baylink DJ, Mohan S, Thoren M. Growth hormone replacement therapy improves body composition and increases bone metabolism in elderly patients with pituitary disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;85(11):4104-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11095440

Ferreira IM, Verreschi IT, Nery LE, Goldstein RS, Zamel N, Brooks D, Jardim JR. The influence of 6 months of oral anabolic steroids on body mass and respiratory muscles in undernourished COPD patients. Chest. 1998 Jul;114(1):19-28. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9674442

Heikkila R, Aho K, Heliovaara M, Knekt P, Reunanen A, Aromaa A, Leino A , Palosuo T. Serum androgen-anabolic hormones and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998 May;57(5):281-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9741311

Hennessey JV, Chromiak JA, DellaVentura S, Reinert SE, Puhl J, Kiel DP, Rosen CJ, Vandenburgh H, MacLean DB. Growth hormone administration and exercise effects on muscle fiber type and diameter in moderately frail older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Jul;49(7):852-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11527474

Kahn AJ, Halloran B. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and bone turnover in middle-aged to elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1544-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11932279

Kahonen MH, Tilvis RS, Jolkkonen J, Pitkala K, Harkonen M. Predictors and clinical significance of declining plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in old age. Aging(Milano). 2000 Aug;12(4):308-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11073351

Reginster JY. Miscellaneous and experimental agents. Am J Med Sci. 1997 Jan;313(1):33-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9001164

Wallace JD, Cuneo RC, Lundberg PA, Rosen T, Jorgensen JO, Longobardi S, Keay N, Sacca L, Christiansen JS, Bengtsson BA, Sonksen PH. Responses of markers of bone and collagen turnover to exercise, growth hormone(GH) administration, and GH withdrawal in trained adult males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;85(1):124-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10634375

Yarasheski KE, Campbell JA, Kohrt WM. Effect of resistance exercise and growth hormone on bone density in older men. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 1997 Aug;47(2):223-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9302398

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Cancer


Bartsch H, Buchberger A, Franz H, Bartsch C, Maidonis I, Mecke D, Bayer E. Effect of melatonin and pineal extracts on human ovarian and mammary tumor cells in a chemosensitivity assay. Life Sci. 2000 Nov 3;67(24):2953-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11133007

Dorgan JF, Stanczyk FZ, Longcope C, Stephenson HE, Chang L, Miller R, Franz C, Falk RT, Kahle L. Relationship of serum dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol to risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Mar;6(3):177-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9138660

Lissoni P. Is there a role for melatonin in supportive care? Support Care Cancer. 2002 Mar;10(2):110-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11862501

Lissoni P, Giani L, Zerbini S, Trabattoni P, Rovelli F. Biotherapy with the pineal immunomodulating hormone melatonin versus melatonin plus aloe vera in untreatable advanced solid neoplasms. Nat Immun. 1998;16(1):27-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9789122

Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Ardizzoia A, Barni S, Chilelli M, Mancuso M, Tancini G, Conti A, Maestroni GJ. A randomized study of chemotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide versus chemoendocrine therapy with cisplatin, etoposide and the pineal hormone melatonin as a first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in a poor clinical state. J Pineal Res. 1997 Aug;23(1):15-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9379341

Stoll BA. Dietary supplements of dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to breast cancer risk. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;53(10):771-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10556982

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Cardiovascular Health


Berard MP, Zazzo JF, Condat P, Vasson MP, Cynober L. Total parenteral nutrition enriched with arginine and glutamate generates glutamine and limits protein catabolism in surgical patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Crit Care Med. 2000 Nov;28(11):3637-44. Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2000 Nov;28(11):3761-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11098966

Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Facchinetti F, Malmusi S, Volpe A. Effect of exogenous melatonin on vascular reactivity and nitric oxide in postmenopausal women: role of hormone replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 2001 Feb;54(2):261-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11207642

Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Tarquini R, Renzi A, Volpe A. Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy. J Pineal Res. 2000 Oct;29(3):152-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11034112

Lusardi P, Piazza E, Fogari R. Cardiovascular effects of melatonin in hypertensive patients well controlled by nifedipine: a 24-hour study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 May;49(5):423-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10792199

Rindone JP, Achacoso R. Effect of melatonin on serum lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a pilot study. Am J Ther. 1997 Nov-Dec;4(11-12):409-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10423639

Svensson J, Bengtsson BA, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Johannsson G. A nine-month, placebo-controlled study of the effects of growth hormone treatment on lipoproteins and LDL size in abdominally obese men. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2000 Jun;10(3):118-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10942632

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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


Andrade C, Srihari BS, Reddy KP, Chandramma L. Melatonin in medically ill patients with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;62(1):41-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11235927

Baskett JJ, Wood PC, Broad JB, Duncan JR, English J, Arendt J. Melatonin in older people with age-related sleep maintenance problems: a comparison with age matched normal sleepers. Sleep. 2001 Jun 15;24(4):418-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11403526

Brusco LI, Marquez M, Cardinali DP. Monozygotic twins with Alzheimer's disease treated with melatonin: Case report. J Pineal Res. 1998 Dec;25(4):260-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9885996

Cardinali DP, Brusco LI, Liberczuk C, Furio AM. The use of melatonin in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2002 Apr;23 Suppl 1:20-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12019347

Cardinali DP, Gvozdenovich E, Kaplan MR, Fainstein I, Shifis HA, Perez Lloret S, Albornoz L, Negri A. A double blind-placebo controlled study on melatonin efficacy to reduce anxiolytic benzodiazepine use in the elderly. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2002 Feb;23(1):55-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880863

Chase JE, Gidal BE. Melatonin: therapeutic use in sleep disorders. Ann Pharmacother. 1997 Oct;31(10):1218-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9337448

D'Ambrosio P. The effects of exogenously administered melatonin(MT) on sleep maintenance insomnia(SMI) [dissertation]. New York: City University of New York; 2001. 88 p.

Dawson D, Rogers NL, van den Heuvel CJ, Kennaway DJ, Lushington K. Effect of sustained nocturnal transbuccal melatonin administration on sleep and temperature in elderly insomniacs. J Biol Rhythms. 1998 Dec;13(6):532-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9850013

Dolberg OT, Hirschmann S, Grunhaus L. Melatonin for the treatment of sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Aug;155(8):1119-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9699707

Haffmans PM, Sival RC, Lucius SA, Cats Q, van Gelder L. Bright light therapy and melatonin in motor restless behaviour in dementia: a placebo-controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;16(1):106-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11180494

Hanania M, Kitain E. Melatonin for treatment and prevention of postoperative delirium. Anesth Analg. 2002 Feb;94(2):338-9, table of Contents. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11812694

Hillen T, Lun A, Reischies FM, Borchelt M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Schaub RT. DHEA-S plasma levels and incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jan 15;47(2):161-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10664834

Hughes RJ, Sack RL, Lewy AJ. The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia: assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement. Sleep. 1998;21(1):52-68. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9485533

Huppert FA, Van Niekerk JK. Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) supplementation for cognitive function. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD000304. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11405958

Huppert FA, Van Niekerk JK, Herbert J. Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) supplementation for cognition and well-being. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000; (2):CD000304. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10796526

Jean-Louis G. The effects of melatonin on sleep and cognition in cognitively impaired elderly individuals: a chronobiological perspective [dissertation]. New York: City University of New York; 1997. 209 p.

Jean-Louis G, von Gizycki H, Zizi F. Melatonin effects on sleep, mood, and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. J Pineal Res. 1998 Oct;25(3):177-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9745987

Jean-Louis G, Zizi F, von Gizycki H, Taub H. Effects of melatonin in two individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Percept Mot Skills. 1998 Aug;87(1):331-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9760668

Kratz KE. The cognitive effects of DHEA supplementation in postmenopausal women [dissertation]. Pasadena(CA): Fuller Theological Seminary; 1999. 167 p.

Kripke DF, Elliot JA, Youngstedt SD, Smith JS. Melatonin: marvel or marker? Ann Med. 1998 Feb;30(1):81-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9556093

Kunz D, Bes F. Exogenous melatonin in periodic limb movement disorder: an open clinical trial and a hypothesis. Sleep. 2001 Mar 15;24(2):183-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11247054

Lushington K, Pollard K, Lack L, Kennaway DJ, Dawson D. Daytime melatonin administration in elderly good and poor sleepers: effects on core body temperature and sleep latency. Sleep. 1997 Dec;20(12):1135-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9493923

Maurizi CP. Alzheimer's disease: roles for mitochondrial damage, the hydroxyl radical, and cerebrospinal fluid deficiency of melatonin. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Aug;57(2):156-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11461164

Mendelson WB. A critical evaluation of the hypnotic efficacy of melatonin. Sleep. 1997 Oct;20(10):916-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9415955

Mishima K, Okawa M, Hozumi S, Hishikawa Y. Supplementary administration of artificial bright light and melatonin as potent treatment for disorganized circadian rest-activity and dysfunctional autonomic and neuroendocrine systems in institutionalized demented elderly persons. Chronobiol Int. 2000 May;17(3):419-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10841214

Moffat SD, Zonderman AB, Harman SM, Blackman MR, Kawas C, Resnick SM. The relationship between longitudinal declines in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations and cognitive performance in older men. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2193-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10904463

Moffat SD, Zonderman AB, Metter EJ, Blackman MR, Harman SM, Resnick SM. Longitudinal assessment of serum free testosterone concentration predicts memory performance and cognitive status in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):5001-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12414864

Monti JM, Cardinali DP. A critical assessment of the melatonin effect on sleep in humans. Biol Signals Recept. 2000 Nov-Dec;9(6):328-39. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11025339

Nagtegaal JE, Laurant MW, Kerkhof GA, Smits MG, van der Meer YG, Coenen AM. Effects of melatonin on the quality of life in patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 2000 Jan;48(1):45-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10750629

Olde Rikkert MG, Rigaud AS. Melatonin in elderly patients with insomnia. A systematic review. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2001 Dec;34(6):491-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11828891

Sack RL, Lewy AJ, Hughes RJ. Use of melatonin for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. Ann Med. 1998 Feb;30(1):115-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9556098

Saletu B. [Melatonin--a natural hypnotic?]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1997 Oct 3;109(18):714-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9441514 (Ger).

Shamir E, Barak Y, Plopsky I, Zisapel N, Elizur A, Weizman A. Is melatonin treatment effective for tardive dyskinesia? J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;61(8):556-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10982197

Shamir E, Barak Y, Shalman I, Laudon M, Zisapel N, Tarrasch R, Elizur A, Weizman R. Melatonin treatment for tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Nov;58(11):1049-52. Comment in: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Nov;58(11):1054-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11695951

Shamir E, Laudon M, Barak Y, Anis Y, Rotenberg V, Elizur A, Zisapel N. Melatonin improves sleep quality of patients with chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 May;61(5):373-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10847313

Shamir E, Rotenberg V, Laudon M, Zisapel N, Elizur A. First-night effect of melatonin treatment in patients with chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Dec;20(6):691-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11106143

Shilo L, Dagan Y, Smorjik Y, Weinberg U, Dolev S, Komptel B, Shenkman L. Effect of melatonin on sleep quality of COPD intensive care patients: a pilot study. Chronobiol Int. 2000 Jan;17(1):71-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10672435

Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Hofer I, Johnson R, Tschopp A, Steffen R. Effectiveness and tolerability of melatonin and zolpidem for the alleviation of jet lag. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Jul;72(7):638-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11471907

Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Johnson R, Tschopp A, Steffen R. Comparative study to determine the optimal melatonin dosage form for the alleviation of jet lag. Chronobiol Int. 1998 Nov;15(6):655-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9844753

van Niekerk JK, Huppert FA, Herbert J. Salivary cortisol and DHEA: association with measures of cognition and well-being in normal older men, and effects of three months of DHEA supplementation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2001 Aug;26(6):591-612. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11403980

Vitiello MV. Effective treatment of sleep disturbances in older adults. Clin Cornerstone. 2000;2(5):16-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10875043

Wolf OT, Kudielka BM, Hellhammer DH, Hellhammer J, Kirschbaum C. Opposing effects of DHEA replacement in elderly subjects on declarative memory and attention after exposure to a laboratory stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 Aug;23(6):617-29. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9802132

Wolf OT, Naumann E, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in elderly men on event-related potentials, memory, and well-being. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1998 Sep;53(5):M385-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9754145

Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, Geiben AC, Strasburger CJ, Dressendorfer RA, Pirke KM, Kirschbaum C. Effects of a two-week physiological dehydroepiandrosterone substitution on cognitive performance and well-being in healthy elderly women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jul;82(7):2363-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9215320

Wolkowitz OM, Brizendine L, Reus VI. The role of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) in psychiatry. Psychiatr Ann. 2000 Feb;30(2):123-8.

Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Roberts E, Manfredi F, Chan T, Raum WJ, Ormiston S, Johnson R, Canick J, Brizendine L, Weingartner H. Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) treatment of depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Feb 1;41(3):311-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9024954

Yaffe K, Ettinger B, Pressman A, Seeley D, Whooley M, Schaefer C, Cummings S. Neuropsychiatric function and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in elderly women: a prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 May 1;43(9):694-700. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9583004

Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Regan MM, Taylor JA, Shi JP, Leclair OU. Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4727-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11600532

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Immune System Health


Danenberg HD, Ben-Yehuda A, Zakay-Rones Z, Gross DJ, Friedman G. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment is not beneficial to the immune response to influenza in elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Sep;82(9):2911-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9284718

Degelau J, Guay D, Hallgren H. The effect of DHEAS on influenza vaccination in aging adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Jun;45(6):747-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9180672

Jiang S, Lee J, Zhang Z, Inserra P, Solkoff D, Watson RR. Dehydroepiandrosterone synergizes with antioxidant supplements for immune restoration in old as well as retrovirus-infected mice. J Nutr Biochem. 1998 July;9(7):362-9.

Khorram O, Vu L, Yen SS. Activation of immune function by dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) in age-advanced men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1997 Jan;52(1):M1-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9008662

Pahlavani MA. Intervention in the aging immune system: influence of dietary restriction, dehydroepiandrosterone, melatonin, and exercise. Age. 1998;21(4):153-73.

Zhang Z. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and melatonin supplementation and t cell receptor peptide treatment on immune response and lipid peroxidation in retrovirus-infected and aged mice [dissertation]. Tucson(AZ): University of Arizona; 1998. 158 p.

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Barnhart KT, Freeman E, Grisso JA, Rader DJ, Sammel M, Kapoor S, Nestler JE. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation to symptomatic perimenopausal women on serum endocrine profiles, lipid parameters, and health-related quality of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):3896-902. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10566625

Bates GW, Buster JE, Casson PR. DHEA replacement in menopause: pros and cons. Infertil Reprod Med Clin North Am. 1999;10(2):309-27.

Bauer BA, Elkin PL, Erickson D, Klee GG, Brennan MD. Symptomatic hyperthyroidism in a patient taking the dietary supplement tiratricol. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2002 Jun;77(6):587-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12059130

Bellipanni G, Bianchi P, Pierpaoli W, Bulian D, Ilyia E. Effects of melatonin in perimenopausal and menopausal women: a randomized and placebo controlled study. Exp Gerontol. 2001 Feb;36(2):297-310. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11226744

Brown GA, Vukovich MD, Martini ER, Kohut ML, Franke WD, Jackson DA, King DS. Effects of androstenedione-herbal supplementation on serum sex hormone concentrations in 30- to 59-year-old men. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2001 Sep;71(5):293-301. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11725694

Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Renzi A, Paoletti AM, Melis GB, Cagnacci P, Volpe A. Influence of melatonin administration on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 2001 Mar;54(3):339-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11298086

Cagnacci A, Soldani R, Yen SS. Melatonin enhances cortisol levels in aged women: reversible by estrogens. J Pineal Res. 1997 Mar;22(2):81-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9181519

Cagnacci A, Zanni AL, Veneri MG, Menozzi R, Volpe A, Rio GD. Influence of exogenous melatonin on catecholamine levels in postmenopausal women prior and during oestradiol replacement. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 2000 Sep;53(3):367-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10971455

Ceresini G, Morganti S, Rebecchi I, Freddi M, Ceda GP, Banchini A, Solerte SB, Ferrari E, Ablondi F, Valenti G. Evaluation of the circadian profiles of serum dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA), cortisol, and cortisol/DHEA molar ratio after a single oral administration of DHEA in elderly subjects. Metabolism. 2000 Apr;49(4):548-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10778884

Chu LW, Lam KS, Tam SC, Hu WJ, Hui SL, Chiu A, Chiu KC, Ng P. A randomized controlled trial of low-dose recombinant human growth hormone in the treatment of malnourished elderly medical patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 May;86(5):1913-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11344184

Genazzani AD, Stomati M, Strucchi C, Puccetti S, Luisi S, Genazzani AR. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation modulates spontaneous and growth hormone-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion in early and late postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril. 2001 Aug;76(2):241-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11476767

Katz S, Morales AJ. Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate(DS) as therapeutic options in menopause. Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1998;16(2):161-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9711682

Lasley BL, Santoro N, Randolf JF, Gold EB, Crawford S, Weiss G, McConnell DS, Sowers MF. The relationship of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and estradiol to stages of the menopausal transition and ethnicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;87(8):3760-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12161507

Rubino S, Stomati M, Bersi C, Casarosa E, Luisi M, Petraglia F, Genazzani AR. Neuroendocrine effect of a short-term treatment with DHEA in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 1998 Jan 12;28(3):251-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9571601

Savine R, Sonksen P. Growth hormone - hormone replacement for the somatopause? Horm Res. 2000;53 Suppl 3:37-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10971102

Spark RF. Dehydroepiandrosterone: a springboard hormone for female sexuality. Fertil Steril. 2002 Apr;77 Suppl 4:19-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12007898

Thompson EM. DHEA supplementation in postmenopausal women: effects on endogenous hormone levels and cognition [dissertation]. Pasadena(CA): Fuller Theological Seminary; 2001. 281 p.

van Vollenhoven RF, Morabito LM, Engleman EG, McGuire JL. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with dehydroepiandrosterone: 50 patients treated up to 12 months. J Rheumatol. 1998 Feb;25(2):285-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9489820

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Sexual Function/Genitourinary Health


Hackbert L, Heiman JR. Acute dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) effects on sexual arousal in postmenopausal women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002 Mar;11(2):155-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11975863

Reiter WJ, Pycha A, Schatzl G, Pokorny A, Gruber DM, Huber JC, Marberger M. Dehydroepiandrosterone in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Urology. 1999 Mar;53(3):590-4; discussion 594-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10096389

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Sight, Hearing, and Other Sensory Organ Health


Lewy AJ, Bauer VK, Ahmed S, Thomas KH, Cutler NL, Singer CM, Moffit MT, Sack RL. The human phase response curve(PRC) to melatonin is about 12 hours out of phase with the PRC to light. Chronobiol Int. 1998 Jan;15(1):71-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9493716

Rosenberg SI, Silverstein H, Rowan PT, Olds MJ. Effect of melatonin on tinnitus. Laryngoscope. 1998 Mar;108(3):305-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9504599

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Other


Blackman MR, Sorkin JD, Munzer T, Bellantoni MF, Busby-Whitehead J, Stevens TE, Jayme J, O'Connor KG, Christmas C, Tobin JD, Stewart KJ, Cottrell E, St Clair C, Pabst KM, Harman SM. Growth hormone and sex steroid administration in healthy aged women and men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Nov 13;288(18):2282-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12425705

Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Angiolucci M, Melis GB, Tarquini R, Renzi A, Volpe A. Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy. J Pineal Res. 2000 Oct;29(3):152-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11034112

Citera G, Arias MA, Maldonado-Cocco JA, Lazaro MA, Rosemffet MG, Brusco LI, Scheines EJ, Cardinalli DP. The effect of melatonin in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(1):9-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10752492

Frisch H. Growth hormone and body composition in athletes. J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22(5 Suppl):106-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10442579

Lange KH, Isaksson F, Juul A, Rasmussen MH, Bulow J, Kjaer M. Growth hormone enhances effects of endurance training on oxidative muscle metabolism in elderly women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;279(5):E989-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11052952

Mazza E, Maccario M, Ramunni J, Gauna C, Bertagna A, Barberis AM, Patroncini S, Messina M, Ghigo E. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in women. Relationships with age, body mass index and insulin levels. J Endocrinol Invest. 1999 Oct;22(9):681-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10595831

Munzer T, Harman SM, Hees P, Shapiro E, Christmas C, Bellantoni MF, Stevens TE, O'Connor KG, Pabst KM, St Clair C, Sorkin JD, Blackman MR. Effects of GH and/or sex steroid administration on abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat in healthy aged women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Aug;86(8):3604-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11502785

O'Connor KG, Harman SM, Stevens TE, Jayme JJ, Bellantoni MF, Busby-Whitehead MJ, Christmas C, Munzer T, Tobin JD, Roy TA, Cottrell E, St Clair C, Pabst KM, Blackman MR. Interrelationships of spontaneous growth hormone axis activity, body fat, and serum lipids in healthy elderly women and men. Metabolism. 1999 Nov;48(11):1424-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10582552

Roy TA, Blackman MR, Harman SM, Tobin JD, Schrager M, Metter EJ. Interrelationships of serum testosterone and free testosterone index with FFM and strength in aging men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;283(2):E284-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12110533

Shaughnessy A. Do the testosterone precursors androstenedione and andostenediol increase muscle strength in weightlifting men? Evid Based Pract. 2001 Feb;4(2):8. Comment on: Arch Intern Med 2000 Nov 13;160(20):3093-104.

Taaffe DR, Thompson JL, Butterfield GE, Hoffman AR, Marcus R. Recombinant human growth hormone, but not insulin-like growth factor-I, enhances central fat loss in postmenopausal women undergoing a diet and exercise program. Horm Metab Res. 2001 Mar;33(3):156-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11355749

Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Manchester LC, Yan MT, El-Sawi M, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Kohen R, Allegra M, Hardeland R. Chemical and physical properties and potential mechanisms: melatonin as a broad spectrum antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Curr Top Med Chem. 2002 Feb;2(2):181-97. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11899100

Tummala S, Svec F. Correlation between the administered dose of DHEA and serum levels of DHEA and DHEA-S in human volunteers: Analysis of published data. Clin Biochem. 1999 Jul;32(5):355-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10480450

Xu P. Physical chemical properties and percutaneous absorption of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) [dissertation]. Ann Arbor(MI): University of Michigan; 1998. 135 p.

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Amino Acids and Proteins

General/Multiple Health Issues


Bedard M. S-adenosylmethionine(SAMe). Can Pharm J. 2000;133(8):26-41.

Bos C, Benamouzig R, Bruhat A, Roux C, Mahe S, Valensi P, Gaudichon C, Ferriere F, Rautureau J, Tome D. Short-term protein and energy supplementation activates nitrogen kinetics and accretion in poorly nourished elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5):1129-37. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10799375

Fisman EZ, Tenenbaum A, Shapira I, Pines A, Motro M. The nitric oxide pathway: is L-arginine a gate to the new millennium medicine? A meta-analysis of L-arginine effects. J Med. 1999;30(3-4):131-48.

Flodin NW. The metabolic roles, pharmacology, and toxicology of lysine. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Feb;16(1):7-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9013429

Matsumoto Y, Amano I, Hirose S, Tsuruta Y, Hara S, Murata M, Imai T. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on renal anemia in poor responders to erythropoietin. Blood Purif. 2001;19(1):24-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11114574

Tarnopolsky MA. Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000 Nov;3(6):497-502. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11085837

Wyss M, Schulze A. Health implications of creatine: Can oral creatine supplementation protect against neurological and atherosclerotic disease? Neuroscience. 2002;112(2):243-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12044443

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Anti-Aging


Godard MP, Williamson DL, Trappe SW. Oral amino-acid provision does not affect muscle strength or size gains in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Jul;34(7):1126-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12131252

Gotshalk LA, Volek JS, Staron RS, Denegar CR, Hagerman FC, Kraemer WJ. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Mar;34(3):537-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880821

Hagen TM, Ingersoll RT, Wehr CM, Lykkesfeldt J, Vinarsky V, Bartholomew JC, Song MH, Ames BN. Acetyl-L-carnitine fed to old rats partially restores mitochondrial function and ambulatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 4;95(16):9562-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9689120

Hagen TM, Liu J, Lykkesfeldt J, Wehr CM, Ingersoll RT, Vinarsky V, Bartholomew JC, Ames BN. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):1870-5. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 14;99(10):7184. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854487

Hagen TM, Wehr CM, Ames BN. Mitochondrial decay in aging. Reversal through supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl-nitrone. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 20;854:214-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9928432

Liu J, Atamna H, Kuratsune H, Ames BN. Delaying brain mitochondrial decay and aging with mitochondrial antioxidants and metabolites. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:133-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11976193

Liu J, Head E, Gharib AM, Yuan W, Ingersoll RT, Hagen TM, Cotman CW, Ames BN. Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2356-61. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 14;99(10):7184-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854529

Liu J, Killilea DW, Ames BN. Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L- carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):1876-81. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 14;99(10):7184. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854488

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Bone and Muscle Health


Curtin SV. Effect of acute oral creatine supplementation on muscle volume in young and older men [masters thesis]. London(Ontario, Canada): The University of Western Ontario; 2000. 76 p.

Hannan MT, Tucker KL, Dawson-Hughes B, Cupples LA, Felson DT, Kiel DP. Effect of dietary protein on bone loss in elderly men and women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Dec;15(12):2504-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11127216

Jakobi JM, Rice CL, Curtin SV, Marsh GD. Neuromuscular properties and fatigue in older men following acute creatine supplementation. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Apr;84(4):321-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11374116

Kelly KG. Protein supplements after osteoporotic hip fracture. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1075-6; discussion 1076. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9867768

Parise G, Yarasheski KE. The utility of resistance exercise training and amino acid supplementation for reversing age-associated decrements in muscle protein mass and function. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2000 Nov;3(6):489-95. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11085836

Porter KH, Johnson MA. Dietary protein supplementation and recovery from femoral fracture. Nutr Rev. 1998 Nov;56(11):337-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9838800

Schurch MA, Bonjour JP, Slasman D, Rizzoli R. [Protein supplements favorably influence the outcome after hip fracture]. Med Hyg. 1999 Oct 6;57(2271):1876-8. (Fre).

Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Vadas L, Vergnaud P, Bonjour JP. Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998 May 15;128(10):801-9. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1075-6; discussion 1076; Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1076. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9599191

Willer B, Stucki G, Hoppeler H, Bruhlmann P, Krahenbuhl S. Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle weakness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2000 Mar;39(3):293-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10788538

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Cancer


Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, Cappuzzo F, Carnaghi C, Buzzoni R, Dibartolomeo M, Baietta E. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition. 1997 Jul-Aug;13(7-8):748-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9263281

Breitkreutz R, Babylon A, Hack V, Schuster K, Tokus M, Bohles H, Hagmuller E, Edler L, Holm E, Droge W. Effect of carnitine on muscular glutamate uptake and intramuscular glutathione in malignant diseases. Br J Cancer. 2000 Jan;82(2):399-403. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10646895

Gianotti L, Braga M, Nespoli L, Radaelli G, Beneduce A, Di Carlo V. A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1763-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12055582

Graziano F, Bisonni R, Catalano V, Silva R, Rovidati S, Mencarini E, Ferraro B, Canestrari F, Baldelli AM, De Gaetano A, Giordani P, Testa E, Lai V. Potential role of levocarnitine supplementation for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced fatigue in non-anaemic cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2002 Jun 17;86(12):1854-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12085175

Heys SD, Ogston K, Miller I, Hutcheon AW, Walker LG, Sarker TK, Dewar J, Ah-See AK, Eremin O. Potentiation of the response to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer by dietary supplementation with L-arginine: results of a randomised controlled trial. Int J Oncol. 1998 Jan;12(1):221-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9454908

Heys SD, Segar A, Payne S, Bruce DM, Kernohan N, Eremin O. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine: modulation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1997;84(2):238-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9052446

Rubio IT, Cao Y, Hutchins LF, Westbrook KC, Klimberg VS. Effect of glutamine on methotrexate efficacy and toxicity. Ann Surg. 1998 May;227(5):772-8; discussion 778-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9605669

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Cardiovascular Health


Angdin M, Settergren G, Liska J, Astudillo R. No effect of L-arginine supplementation on pulmonary endothelial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Apr;45(4):441-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11300382

Barker GA, Green S, Askew CD, Green AA, Walker PJ. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Sep;33(9):1415-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11528327

Bednarz B, Wolk R, Chamiec T, Herbaczynska-Cedro K, Winek D, Ceremuzynski L. Effects of oral L-arginine supplementation on exercise-induced QT dispersion and exercise tolerance in stable angina pectoris. Int J Cardiol. 2000 Sep 15;75(2-3):205-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11077135

Berg A, Forsberg E, Wernerman J. The local vascular tolerance to an intravenous infusion of a concentrated glutamine solution in ICU patients. Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;21(2):135-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12056785

Blum A, Porat R, Rosenschein U, Keren G, Roth A, Laniado S, Miller H. Clinical and inflammatory effects of dietary L-arginine in patients with intractable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1999 May 15;83(10):1488-90, A8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10335768

Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, Martone VD, Di Iorio A, Barletta G. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication. Am J Cardiol. 1997 Mar 15;79(6):777-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9070558

Ceremuzynski L, Chamiec T, Herbaczynska-Cedro K. Effect of supplemental oral L-arginine on exercise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1997 Aug 1;80(3):331-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9264427

Cheng JW, Baldwin SN, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother. 2001 Jul;35(6):755-64. Erratum in: Ann Pharmacother 2001 Jul-Aug;35(7-8):965; Balwin SN [corrected to Baldwin SN]. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11408995

Dal Lago A, De Martini D, Flore R, Gaetani E, Gasbarrini A, Gerardino L, Pola R, Santoliquido A, Serricchio M, Tondi P, Nolfe G. Effects of propionyl-L-carnitine on peripheral arterial obliterative disease of the lower limbs: a double-blind clinical trial. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1999;25(1):29-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10337502

Donder E, Colak R, Karaoglu A, Ayhan O, Ozkan Y. The efficacy of L-carnitine treatment in dilated cardiomyopathy. Turk J Med Sci. 1998;28(6):619-23.

Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, Hirsch AT, Cooke JP, Olin JW, Gorbunov GN, Isner J, Lukjanov YV, Tsitsiashvili MS, Zabelskaya TF, Amato A. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves exercise performance and functional status in patients with claudication. Am J Med. 2001 Jun 1;110(8):616-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11382369

Iyer R, Gupta A, Khan A, Hiremath S, Lokhandwala Y. Does left ventricular function improve with L-carnitine after acute myocardial infarction? J Postgrad Med. 1999 Apr-Jun;45(2):38-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10734331

Lerman A, Burnett JC, Higano ST, McKinley LJ, Holmes DR. Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans. Circulation. 1998 Jun 2;97(21):2123-8. Comment in: Circulation. 1999 Mar 30;99(12):1648-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9626172

Loster H, Miehe K, Punzel M, Stiller O, Pankau H, Schauer J. Prolonged oral L-carnitine substitution increases bicycle ergometer performance in patients with severe, ischemically induced cardiac insufficiency. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999 Nov;13(6):537-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10686664

Matsumoto Y, Sato M, Ohashi H, Araki H, Tadokoro M, Osumi Y, Ito H, Morita H, Amano I. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on cardiac morbidity in hemodialyzed patients. Am J Nephrol. 2000 May-Jun;20(3):201-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10878401

Maxwell AJ, Anderson BE, Cooke JP. Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HeartBar. Vasc Med. 2000;5(1):11-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10737151

Maxwell AJ, Zapien MP, Pearce GL, MacCallum G, Stone PH. Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jan 2;39(1):37-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11755284

Pastoris O, Dossena M, Foppa P, Catapano M, Arbustini E, Bellini O, Dal Bello B, Minzioni G, Ceriana P, Barzaghi N. Effect of L-carnitine on myocardial metabolism: results of a balanced, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Pharmacol Res. 1998 Feb;37(2):115-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9572066

`Sirtori CR, Calabresi L, Ferrara S, Pazzucconi F, Bondioli A, Baldassarre D, Birreci A, Koverech A. L-carnitine reduces plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with hyper Lp(a). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2000 Oct;10(5):247-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11213533

Stefanutti C, Vivenzio A, Lucani G, Di Giacomo S, Lucani E. Effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein fatty acids pattern in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia. Clin Ter. 1998 Mar-Apr;149(2):115-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9780475

Wiseman LR, Brogden RN. Propionyl-L-carnitine. Drugs Aging. 1998 Mar;12(3):243-8; discussion 249-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9534023

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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


Andreassen OA, Dedeoglu A, Ferrante RJ, Jenkins BG, Ferrante KL, Thomas M, Friedlich A, Browne SE, Schilling G, Borchelt DR, Hersch SM, Ross CA, Beal MF. Creatine increase survival and delays motor symptoms in a transgenic animal model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2001 Jun;8(3):479-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11447996

Andreassen OA, Dedeoglu A, Klivenyi P, Beal MF, Bush AI. N-acetyl-L-cysteine improves survival and preserves motor performance in an animal model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroreport. 2000 Aug 3;11(11):2491-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10943709

Andreassen OA, Jenkins BG, Dedeoglu A, Ferrante KL, Bogdanov MB, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Beal MF. Increases in cortical glutamate concentrations in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice are attenuated by creatine supplementation. J Neurochem. 2001 Apr;77(2):383-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11299300

Barrett AM. A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD. Neurology. 2001 Feb 13;56(3):425. Comment on: Neurology. 2000 Sep 26;55(6):805-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11171924

Beal MF. Oxidative metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;924:164-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11193793

Brooks JO 3rd, Yesavage JA, Carta A, Bravi D. Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int Psychogeriatr. 1998 Jun;10(2):193-203. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9677506

Dhitavat S. ATP provided by acetyl-L-carnitine protects neuronal cells exposed to amyloid-beta [thesis]. Lowell (MA): University of Massachusetts Lowell; 2001. 47 p.

Dorfman D, DiRocco A, Simpson D, Tagliati M, Tanners L, Moise J. Oral methionine may improve neuropsychological function in patients with AIDS myelopathy: results of an open-label trial. AIDS. 1997 Jul;11(8):1066-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9223749

Drory VE, Gross D. No effect of creatine on respiratory distress in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2002 Mar;3(1):43-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12061948

Ferrante RJ, Andreassen OA, Jenkins BG, Dedeoglu A, Kuemmerle S, Kubilus JK, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Hersch SM, Beal MF. Neuroprotective effects of creatine in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci. 2000 Jun 15;20(12):4389-97. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10844007

File SE, Fluck E, Fernandes C. Beneficial effects of glycine(bioglycin) on memory and attention in young and middle-aged adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Dec;19(6):506-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10587285

Klivenyi P, Ferrante RJ, Matthews RT, Bogdanov MB, Klein AM, Andreassen OA, Mueller G, Wermer M, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Beal MF. Neuroprotective effects of creatine in a transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Med. 1999 Mar;5(3):347-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10086395

Levitan RD, Shen JH, Jindal R, Driver HS, Kennedy SH, Shapiro CM. Preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of tryptophan combined with fluoxetine to treat major depressive disorder: antidepressant and hypnotic effects. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 Sep;25(4):337-46. Erratum in: J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 Nov;25(5):439. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11022398

Malcon C, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Beal MF. Neuroprotective effects of creatine administration against NMDA and malonate toxicity. Brain Res. 2000 Mar 31;860(1-2):195-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10727643

Matthews RT, Ferrante RJ, Klivenyi P, Yang L, Klein AM, Mueller G, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Beal MF. Creatine and cyclocreatine attenuate MPTP neurotoxicity. Exp Neurol. 1999 May;157(1):142-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10222117

Pettegrew JW, Levine J, McClure RJ. Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;5(6):616-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11126392

Sullivan PG, Geiger JD, Mattson MP, Scheff SW. Dietary supplement creatine protects against traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol. 2000 Nov;48(5):723-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11079535

Tarnopolsky MA, Beal MF. Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders. Ann Neurol. 2001 May;49(5):561-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11357946

Thal LJ, Calvani M, Amato A, Carta A. A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD. Neurology. 2000 Sep 26;55(6):805-10. Comment in: Neurology. 2001 Feb 13;56(3):425. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10994000

Wendt S, Dedeoglu A, Speer O, Wallimann T, Beal MF, Andreassen OA. Reduced creatine kinase activity in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 May 1;32(9):920-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11978494

Yu ZF, Bruce-Keller AJ, Goodman Y, Mattson MP. Uric acid protects neurons against excitotoxic and metabolic insults in cell culture, and against focal ischemic brain injury in vivo. J Neurosci Res. 1998 Sep 1;53(5):613-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9726432

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Gastrointestinal Health


Li SD, Lue W, Mobarhan S, Nadir A, Van Thiel DH, Hagerty A. Nutrition support for individuals with liver failure. Nutr Rev. 2000 Aug;58(8):242-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10946563

Scolapio JS, McGreevy K, Tennyson GS, Burnett OL. Effect of glutamine in short-bowel syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):319-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11478829

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Immune System Health


Lewis B, Langkamp-Henken B. Arginine enhances in vivo immune responses in young, adult and aged mice. J Nutr. 2000 Jul;130(7):1827-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10867058

Tepaske R, Velthuis H, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Heisterkamp SH, van Deventer SJ, Ince C, Eysman L, Kesecioglu J. Effect of preoperative oral immune-enhancing nutritional supplement on patients at high risk of infection after cardiac surgery: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2001 Sep 1;358(9283):696-701. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11551575

Thomas S, Fischer FP, Mettang T, Pauli-Magnus C, Weber J, Kuhlmann U. Effects of L-carnitine on leukocyte function and viability in hemodialysis patients: a double-blind randomized trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 Oct;34(4):678-87. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10516349

Wade DT, Young CA, Chaudhuri KR, Davidson DL. A randomised placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B-12, lofepramine, and L-phenylalanine(the "Cari Loder regime") in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Sep;73(3):246-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12185153

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Blum A, Cannon RO 3rd, Costello R, Schenke WH, Csako G. Endocrine and lipid effects of oral L-arginine treatment in healthy postmenopausal women. J Lab Clin Med. 2000 Mar;135(3):231-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10711861

Cangiano C, Laviano A, Del Ben M, Preziosa I, Angelico F, Cascino A, Rossi-Fanelli F. Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Int J Obesity Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Jul;22(7):648-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9705024

Cavallini G, Biagiotti G, Koverech A, Vitali G. Oral propionyl-l-carnitine and intraplaque verapamil in the therapy of advanced and resistant Peyronie's disease. BJU Int. 2002 Jun;89(9):895-900. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12010235

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Sexual Function/Genitourinary Health


Hiroshige K, Sonta T, Suda T, Kanegae K, Ohtani A. Oral supplementation of branched-chain amino acid improves nutritional status in elderly patients on chronic haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001 Sep;16(9):1856-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11522870

Ivarsen P, Frystyk J, Pedersen EB. The pattern of intracellular free amino acids in granulocytes from hemodialysis patients change to an oral protein supplement(granulocyte amino acids after protein in HD patients). Clin Nephrol. 1999 Aug;52(2):110-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10480222

Kletzmayr J, Mayer G, Legenstein E, Heinz-Peer G, Leitha T, Horl WH, Kovarik J. Anemia and carnitine supplementation in hemodialyzed patients. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999 Mar;69:S93-106. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10084293

Meston CM, Worcel M. The effects of yohimbine plus L-arginine glutamate on sexual arousal in postmenopausal women with Sexual Arousal Disorder. Arch Sex Behav. 2002 Aug;31(4):323-32. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12187545

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Skin Health


Benati G, Delvecchio S, Cilla D, Pedone V. Impact on pressure ulcer healing of an arginine-enriched nutritional solution in patients with severe cognitive impairment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2001 Jan;33(Suppl 1):43-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11431045

Williams JZ, Abumrad N, Barbul A. Effect of a specialized amino acid mixture on human collagen deposition. Ann Surg. 2002 Sep;236(3):369-74; discussion 374-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12192323

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Other


Chrusch MJ, Chilibeck PD, Chad KE, Davison KS, Burke DG. Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Dec;33(12):2111-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11740307

Fish J, Sporay G, Beyer K, Jones J, Kihara T, Kennedy A, Apovian C, Jensen G L. A prospective randomized study of glutamine-enriched parenteral compared with enteral feeding in postoperative patients. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Apr;65(4):977-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9094882

Gotshalk LA, Volek JS, Staron RS, Denegar CR, Hagerman FC, Kraemer WJ. Creatine supplementation improves muscular performance in older men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002 Mar;34(3):537-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880821

Griffiths RD, Jones C, Palmer TE. Six-month outcome of critically ill patients given glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Nutrition . 1997 Apr;13(4):295-302. Comment in: Nutrition. 1997 Apr;13(4):375-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9178278

Klopstock T, Querner V, Schmidt F, Gekeler F, Walter M, Hartard M, Henning M, Gasser T, Pongratz D, Straube A, Dieterich M, Muller-Felber W. A placebo-controlled crossover trial of creatine in mitochondrial diseases. Neurology. 2000 Dec 12;55(11):1748-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11113239

Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller JCJr. beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate(HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8):1937-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10917905

Rawson ES. Creatine supplementation in older men [dissertation]. Amherst(MA): University of Massachusetts Amherst; 2000. 222 p.

Rawson ES, Clarkson PM. Acute creatine supplementation in older men. Int J Sports Med. 2000 Jan;21(1):71-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10683103

Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 Jul;80(2):139-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10408325

Smith SA. Effects of creatine supplementation, aging and dehydration on muscle metabolism [dissertation]. Boston: Boston University; 1998. 98 p.

Smith SA, Montain SJ, Matott RP, Zientara GP, Jolesz FA, Fielding RA. Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle metabolism during exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1998 Oct;85(4):1349-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9760327

Tarnopolsky MA, Beal MF. Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders. Ann Neurol. 2001 May;49(5):561-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11357946

Tyrrell HA, Maher TJ. Tyrosine: food supplement or therapeutic agent? J Nutr Environ Med. 1998;8(4):349-59.

Weatherall M. Protein-energy oral supplementation in malnourished nursing-home residents. Age Ageing. 2001 Jan;30(1):85. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11322680

Wiroth JB, Bermon S, Andrei S, Dalloz E, Hebuterne X, Dolisi C. Effects of oral creatine supplementation on maximal pedalling performance in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jun;84(6):533-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11482548

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Minerals

General/Multiple Health Issues


Bates CJ, Prentice A, Cole TJ, van der Pols JC, Doyle W, Finch S, Smithers G, Clarke PC. Micronutrients: Highlights and research challenges from the 1994-5 National Diet and Nutrition Survey of people aged 65 years and over. Br J Nutr. 1999 Jul;82(1):7-15. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10655951

Bendich A. Micronutrients in women's health and immune function. Nutrition. 2001 Oct;17(10):858-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11684393

Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med. 1998;18(4):673-85.

Chin A, Paw MJ, de Jong N, Schouten EG, Hiddink GJ, Kok FJ. Physical exercise and/or enriched foods for functional improvement in frail, independently living elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 Jun;82(6):811-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11387588

Costello RB, Grumstrup-Scott J. Zinc: what role might supplements play? J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Mar;100(3):371-5. Comment in: J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Oct;100(10):1137-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10719417

Del Corso L, Pastine F, Protti MA, Romanelli AM, Moruzzo D, Ruocco L, Pentimone F. Blood zinc, copper and magnesium in aging. A study in healthy home-living elderly. Panminerva Med. 2000 Dec;42(4):273-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11294091

The expanding role of dietary calcium. Semin Nutr. 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):1-16.

Fleming DJ, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Tucker KL, Wilson PW, Wood RJ. Dietary determinants of iron stores in a free-living elderly population: The Framingham Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):722-33. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):593-4; Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Feb;69(2):342-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9537620

Fleming DJ, Jacques PF, Tucker KL, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB Sr, Wilson PW, Wood RJ. Iron status of the free-living, elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort: an iron-replete population with a high prevalence of elevated iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):638-46. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):503-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11237943

Fleming DJ, Tucker KL, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Wilson PW, Wood RJ. Dietary factors associated with the risk of high iron stores in the elderly Framingham Heart Study cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1375-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12450906

Garry PJ, Hunt WC, Baumgartner RN. Effects of iron intake on iron stores in elderly men and women: longitudinal and cross-sectional results. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Apr;19(2):262-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10763908

Ha E-J. The effect of the female life cycle on measurements of selenium status [dissertation]. Athens(OH): Ohio State University; 1999. 256 p.

Heaney RP, Dowell SD, Bierman J, Hale CA, Bendich A. Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Jun;20(3):239-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11444420

Heller HJ, Stewart A, Haynes S, Pak CY. Pharmacokinetics of calcium absorption from two commercial calcium supplements. J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Nov;39(11):1151-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10579145

Hermann J, Chung H, Arquitt A, Burns M, Chan B. Effects of chromium or copper supplementation on plasma lipids, plasma glucose and serum insulin in adults over age fifty. J Nutr Elder. 1998;18(1): 27-45.

Johnson MA, Porter KH. Micronutrient supplementation and infection in institutionalized elders. Nutr Rev. 1997 Nov;55(11 Pt 1):400-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9420452

Joseph LJ, Farrell PA, Davey SL, Evans WJ, Campbell WW. Effect of resistance training with or without chromium picolinate supplementation on glucose metabolism in older men and women. Metabolism. 1999 May;48(5):546-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10337851

Kato I, Dnistrian AM, Schwartz M, Toniolo P, Koenig K, Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Akhmedkhanov A, Riboli E. Risk of iron overload among middle-aged women. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2000 May;70(3):119-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10883405

Klevay LM. Lack of a recommended dietary allowance for copper may be hazardous to your health. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Aug;17(4):322-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9710839

Lukaski HC. Magnesium, zinc, and chromium nutriture and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):585S-93S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10919964

McGowan JA, Pottern L. Commentary on the Women's Health Initiative. Maturitas. 2000 Feb 15;34(2):109-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10714904

Nordin BE. Calcium requirement is a sliding scale. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1381-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10837273

Osler M, Heitmann BL. Food patterns, flour fortification, and intakes of calcium and vitamin D: a longitudinal study of Danish adults. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Mar;52(3):161-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9616420

Osler M, Milman N, Heitmann BL. Consequences of removing iron fortification of flour on iron status among Danish adults: some longitudinal observations between 1987 and 1994. Prev Med. 1999 Jul;29(1):32-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10419797

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Anti-Aging


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Bone and Muscle Health


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Cluff TJ. Postmenopausal women's perceived risk of osteoporosis and their behavioral changes in calcium intake, exercise, hormone therapy, and medications [masters thesis]. Buffalo(NY): D'Youville College; 2000. 134 p.

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Cohen AJ, Roe FJ. Review of risk factors for osteoporosis with particular reference to a possible aetiological role of dietary salt. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 Feb-Mar;38(2-3):237-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10717363

Colker CM, Swain M, Lynch L, Gingerich DA. Effects of a milk-based bioactive micronutrient beverage on pain symptoms and activity of adults with osteoarthritis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation. Nutrition. 2002 May;18(5):388-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11985942

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Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS. Calcium intake influences the association of protein intake with rates of bone loss in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):773-9. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):609-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11916767

Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE, Lancaster DR, Zhou Q. Calcium supplement and bone medication use in a US Medicare health maintenance organization. Osteoporos Int. 2002 Aug;13(8):657-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12181625

Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. New Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):670-6. Comment in: ACP J Club. 1998 Mar-Apr;128(2):47; Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):701-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9278463

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Elbon S. The influence of individual, food, and environmental characteristics on dairy product consumption in the elderly [dissertation]. Athens(GA): University of Georgia; 1998. 247 p.

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Heaney RP. Constructive interactions among nutrients and bone-active pharmacologic agents with principal emphasis on calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D and protein. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5 Suppl):403S-9S; discussion 417S-420S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11603650

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Venkateswaran L. Relationship of zinc status to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women [dissertation]. Denton(TX): Texas Woman's University; 1998. 122 p.

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von Tirpitz C, Klaus J, Bruckel J, Rieber A, Scholer A, Adler G, Bohm BO, Reinshagen M. Increase of bone mineral density with sodium fluoride in patients with Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 Jan;12(1):19-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10656205

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Cancer


Alberts DS, Einspahr J, Ritenbaugh C, Aickin M, Rees-McGee S, Atwood J, Emerson S, Mason-Liddil N, Bettinger L, Patel J, Bellapravalu S, Ramanujam PS, Phelps J, Clark L. The effect of wheat bran fiber and calcium supplementation on rectal mucosal proliferation rates in patients with resected adenomatous colorectal polyps. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Mar;6(3):161-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9138658

Backovic D, Marinkovic J, Jorga J, Pavlica M, Maksimovic Z, Nikolic M. Environmental factors, health-related habits, and serum selenium levels in cancer patients and healthy controls. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1999 Jan;67(1):55-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10065598

Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, van Stolk RU, Haile RW, Sandler RS, Rothstein R, Summers RW, Snover DC, Beck GJ, Frankl H, Pearson L, Bond JH, Greenberg ER. Calcium supplements and colorectal adenomas. Polyp Prevention Study Group. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999;889:138-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10668490

Bautista D, Obrador A, Moreno V, Cabeza E, Canet R, Benito E, Bosch X, Costa J. Ki-ras mutation modifies the protective effect of dietary monounsaturated fat and calcium on sporadic colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 1997 Jan;6(1):57-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 8993798

Benamouzig R, Chaussade S. [Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer]. Presse Med. 2002 Jan 26;31(3):124-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11859737 (Fre).

Bonithon-Kopp C, Kronborg O, Giacosa A. Fibre supplementation increased the risk for recurrent adenomas, and calcium supplementation did not prevent recurrence. Evid Based Med. 2001;6(3):90.

Bonithon-Kopp C, Kronborg O, Giacosa A, Rath U, Faivre J. Calcium and fibre supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence: a randomised intervention trial. European Cancer Prevention Organisation Study Group. Lancet. 2000 Oct 14;356(9238):1300-6. Comment in: ACP Journal Club 2001 May-Jun;134(3):104; Lancet. 2000 Oct 14;356(9238):1286-7; Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):393-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11073017

Brooks JD, Metter EJ, Chan DW, Sokoll LJ, Landis P, Nelson WG, Muller D, Andres R, Carter HB. Plasma selenium level before diagnosis and the risk of prostate cancer development. J Urol. 2001 Dec;166(6):2034-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11696701

Buntzel J, Weinaug R, Glatzel M. Selenium in the supportive care of advanced head and neck cancer. Trace Elem Electrocytes. 2000;17(4):196-8.

Cade J, Thomas E, Vail A. Case-control study of breast cancer in south east England: nutritional factors. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Feb;52(2):105-10. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9578857

Cascinu S, Ligi M, Del Ferro E, Foglietti G, Cioccolini P, Staccioli MP, Carnevali A, Luigi Rocchi MB, Alessandroni P, Giordani P, Catalano V, Polizzi V, Agostinelli R, Muretto P, Catalano G. Effects of calcium and vitamin supplementation on colon cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Investig. 2000;18(5):411-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10834024

Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, Yuen J, Adami HO, Wolk A. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer(Sweden). Cancer Causes Control. 1998 Dec;9(6):559-66. Comment in: Cancer Causes Control. 1998 Dec;9(6):541-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10189041

Chan JM, Pietinen P, Virtanen M, Malila N, Tangrea J, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Diet and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of smokers, with a specific focus on calcium and phosphorus(Finland). Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Oct;11(9):859-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11075876

Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Ma J, Gann PH, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci EL. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the physicians' health study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(4):549-54.

Combs GF, Clark LC, Turnbull BW. Reduction of cancer mortality and incidence by selenium supplementation. Med Klin. 1997 Sep 15;92 Suppl 3:42-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9342915

Costello AJ. A randomized, controlled chemoprevention trial of selenium in familial prostate cancer: Rationale, recruitment, and design issues. Urology. 2001 Apr;57(4 Suppl 1):182-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11295622

De Stefani E, Mendilaharsu M, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Ronco A. Influence of dietary levels of fat, cholesterol, and calcium on colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer. 1997;29(1):83-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9383789

Deneo-Pellegrini H, De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Ronco A, Mendilaharsu M. Dietary iron and cancer of the rectum: a case-control study in Uruguay. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1999 Dec;8(6):501-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10643939

Duffield-Lillico AJ, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, Combs GF, Slate EH, Fischbach LA, Marshall JR, Clark LC. Baseline characteristics and the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence in a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jul;11(7):630-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12101110

Dusan B, Jelena M, Slepcevic V, Marmut Z, Jorga J. Serum concentration of selenium in healthy and malignant diseased population. Int Med J. 1998;5(4):265-8.

Faivre J, Couillault C, Kronborg O, Rath U, Giacosa A, De Oliveira H, Obrador T, O'Morain O. Chemoprevention of metachronous adenomas of the large bowel: design and interim results of a randomized trial of calcium and fibre. ECP Colon Group. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1997 Apr;6(2):132-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9237061

Fernandez-Banares F, Cabre E, Esteve M, Mingorance MD, Abad-Lacruz A, Lachica M, Gil A, Gassull MA. Serum selenium and risk of large size colorectal adenomas in a geographical area with a low selenium status. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Aug;97(8):2103-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12190184

Fischbach LA, Correa P, Ramirez H, Realpe JL, Collazos T, Ruiz B, Bravo LE, Bravo JC, Casabon AL, Schmidt BA. Anti-inflammatory and tissue-protectant drug effects: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial of gastritis patients at high risk for gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Jun;15(6):831-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11380321

Ghadirian P, Maisonneuve P, Perret C, Kennedy G, Boyle P, Krewski D, Lacroix A. A case-control study of toenail selenium and cancer of the breast, colon, and prostate. Cancer Detect Prev. 2000;24(4):305-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11059562

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Wolk A, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1998 Feb 1;58(3):442-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9458087

Goodman GE, Schaffer S, Bankson DD, Hughes MP, Omenn GS. Predictors of serum selenium in cigarette smokers and the lack of association with lung and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Oct;10(10):1069-76. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11588133

Goodman MT, Wu AH, Tung KH, McDuffie K, Kolonel LN, Nomura AM, Terada K, Wilkens LR, Murphy S, Hankin JH. Association of dairy products, lactose, and calcium with the risk of ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jul 15;156(2):148-57. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12117706

Holt PR, Atillasoy EO, Gilman J, Guss J, Moss SF, Newmark H, Fan K, Yang K, Lipkin M. Modulation of abnormal colonic epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation by low-fat dairy foods: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Sep 23-30;280(12):1074-9. Comment in JAMA. 1998 Sep 23-30;280(12):1095-6; JAMA. 1999 Apr 14;281(14):1274. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9757855

Hoque A, Albanes D, Lippman SM, Spitz MR, Taylor PR, Klein EA, Thompson IM, Goodman P, Stanford JL, Crowley JJ, Coltman CA, Santella RM. Molecular epidemiologic studies within the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial(SELECT). Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Sep;12(7):627-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11552710

Horn-Ross PL, Morris JS, Lee M, West DW, Whittemore AS, McDougall IR, Nowels K, Stewart SL, Spate VL, Shiau AC, Krone MR. Iodine and thyroid cancer risk among women in a multiethnic population: the Bay Area Thyroid Cancer Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Sep;10(9):979-85. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11535551

Hyman J, Baron JA, Dain BJ, Sandler RS, Haile RW, Mandel JS, Mott LA, Greenberg ER. Dietary and supplemental calcium and the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Apr;7(4):291-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9568783

Kampman E, Slattery ML, Caan B, Potter JD. Calcium, vitamin D, sunshine exposure, dairy products and colon cancer risk(United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2000 May;11(5):459-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10877339

Kampman E, Voskuil DW, van Kraats AA, Balder HF, van Muijen GN, Goldbohm RA, van't Veer P. Animal products and K-ras codon 12 and 13 mutations in colon carcinomas. Carcinogenesis. 2000 Feb;21(2):307-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10657973

Kato I, Dnistrian AM, Schwartz M, Toniolo P, Koenig K, Shore RE, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Akhmedkhanov A, Riboli E. Iron intake, body iron stores and colorectal cancer risk in women: a nested case-control study. Int J Cancer. 1999 Mar 1;80(5):693-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10048969

Kim HS, Newcomb PA, Ulrich CM, Keener CL, Bigler J, Farin FM, Bostick RM, Potter JD. Vitamin D receptor polymorphism and the risk of colorectal adenomas: evidence of interaction with dietary vitamin D and calcium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 Aug;10(8):869-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11489753

Kim YS, Milner J. Molecular targets for selenium in cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer. 2001;40(1):50-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11799923

Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Roy M, Glickman R, Schneider K, Rothstein S, Cooper J, Hochster H, Kim M, Newman R. Selenium and immunocompetence in patients with head and neck cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Feb;73(2):97-111. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11049203

Levine AJ, Harper JM, Ervin CM, Chen YH, Harmon E, Xue S, Lee ER, Frankel HD, Haile RW. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, dietary calcium intake, and distal colorectal adenoma risk. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39(1):35-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11588900

Mannisto S, Alfthan G, Virtanen M, Kataja V, Uusitupa M, Pietinen P. Toenail selenium and breast cancer-a case-control study in Finland. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;54(2):98-103. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10694779

Marcus PM, Newcomb PA. The association of calcium and vitamin D, and colon and rectal cancer in Wisconsin women. Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Oct;27(5):788-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9839734

Martinez ME, McPherson RS, Levin B, Glober GA. A case-control study of dietary intake and other lifestyle risk factors for hyperplastic polyps. Gastroenterology. 1997 Aug;113(2):423-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9247459

Milner JA. Strategies for cancer prevention: the role of diet. Br J Nutr. 2002 May;87 Suppl 2:S265-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12088528

Mucke R, Micke O, Schonekaes KG. Serum selenium levels, glutathione peroxidase activities and serum redox potential levels in patients with untreated non-small cell lung cancer and adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Trace Elem Electrocytes. 2000;17(3):119-23.

Navarro-Alarcon M, de la Serrana HL, Perez-Valero V, Lopez-Martinez C. Serum selenium levels as indicators of body status in cancer patients and their relationship with other nutritional and biochemical markers. Sci Total Environ. 1998 Apr 8;212(2-3):195-202. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9573630

Persson-Moschos ME, Stavenow L, Akesson B, Lindgarde F. Selenoprotein P in plasma in relation to cancer morbidity in middle-aged Swedish men. Nutr Cancer. 2000;36(1):19-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10798212

Platz EA, Helzlsouer KJ, Hoffman SC, Morris JS, Baskett CK, Comstock GW. Prediagnostic toenail cadmium and zinc and subsequent prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 2002 Sep 1;52(4):288-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12210489

Prasad AS, Beck FWJ, Doerr TD, Shamsa FH, Penny HS, Marks SC, Kaplan J, Kucuk O, Mathog RH. Nutritional and zinc status of head and neck cancer patients: an interpretive review. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Oct;17(5):409-18. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9791836

Rock E, Mazur A, O'Connor JM, Bonham MP, Rayssiguier Y, Strain JJ. The effect of copper supplementation on red blood cell oxidizability and plasma antioxidants in middle-aged healthy volunteers. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Feb 1;28(3):324-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10699742

Russo MW, Murray SC, Wurzelmann JI, Woosley JT, Sandler RS. Plasma selenium levels and the risk of colorectal adenomas. Nutr Cancer. 1997;28(2):125-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9290116

Sellers TA, Bazyk AE, Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Olson JE, Anderson KE, Lazovich D, Folsom AR. Diet and risk of colon cancer in a large prospective study of older women: an analysis stratified on family history(Iowa, United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1998 Aug;9(4):357-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9794167

Sieja K. Selenium(Se) deficiency in women with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy and the influence of supplementation with this micro-element on biochemical parameters. Pharmazie. 1998 Jul;53(7):473-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9699224

Spolar MR, Schaffer EM, Beelman RB, Milner JA. Selenium-enriched Agaricus bisporus mushrooms suppress 7,12-dimethlybenz[a]anthracene bioactivation in mammary tissue. Cancer Lett. 1999 Apr 26;138(1-2):145-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10378786

Stefanini M. Cutaneous bleeding related to zinc deficiency in two cases of advanced cancer. Cancer. 1999 Sep 1;86(5):866-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10463987

Tavani A, Gallus S, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Calcium, dairy products, and the risk of prostate cancer. Prostate. 2001 Jul 1;48(2):118-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11433421

Ullen H, Augustsson K, Gustavsson C, Steineck G. Supplementary iron intake and risk of cancer: reversed causality? Cancer Lett. 1997 Mar 19;114(1-2):215-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9103295

Wang LS, Lin HY, Chang CJ, Fahn HJ, Huang MH, Lin CF. Effects of en bloc esophagectomy on nutritional and immune status in patients with esophageal carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 1998 Feb;67(2):90-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9486779

Yoshizawa K, Willett WC, Morris SJ, Stampfer MJ, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB, Giovannucci E. Study of prediagnostic selenium level in toenails and the risk of advanced prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Aug 19;90(16):1219-24. Comment in: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Aug 19;90(16):1184-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9719083

Yu MW, Horng IS, Hsu KH, Chiang YC, Liaw YF, Chen CJ. Plasma selenium levels and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among men with chronic hepatitis virus infection. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Aug 15;150(4):367-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10453813

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Cardiovascular Health


Armengou A, Davalos A. A review of the state of research into the role of iron in stroke. J Nutr Health Aging. 2002 May;6(3):207-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11887246

Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. Blood donations and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Circulation. 2001 Jan 2;103(1):52-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11136685

Bazzano LA, He J, Ogden LG, Loria C, Vupputuri S, Myers L, Whelton PK. Dietary potassium intake and risk of stroke in US men and women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I epidemiologic follow-up study. Stroke. 2001 Jul;32(7):1473-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11441188

Birkett NJ. Comments on a meta-analysis of the relation between dietary calcium intake and blood pressure. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Aug 1;148(3):223-8; discussion 232-3. Comment on: Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Nov 1;142(9) 935-45; Comment in: Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Aug 1;148(3):229-31; Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Apr 15;149(8):786-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9690357

Blansfield HN, Andrew CB. Osteoporosis: a factor in mortality following cardiac surgery. Conn Med. 2000 Feb;64(2):71-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10743747

Bostick RM, Fosdick L, Grandits GA, Grambsch P, Gross M, Louis TA. Effect of calcium supplementation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Arch Fam Med. 2000 Jan;9(1):31-8; discussion 39. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10664640

Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Wu Y, Meyer KA, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to ischemic heart disease mortality among postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Jan 15;149(2):151-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9921960

Burns SL, McMurdo ME. A review of non-pharmacological methods to control hypertension in older people. Rev Clin Gerontol. 2001 Aug;11(3):237-44.

Connor JR, Beard JL. Dietary iron supplements in the elderly: to use or not to use? Nutr Today. 1997 May-Jun;32(3):102-9.

Corti MC, Guralnik JM, Salive ME, Ferrucci L, Pahor M, Wallace RB, Hennekens CH. Serum iron level, coronary artery disease, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1997 Jan 15;79(2):120-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9193009

Costello RB, Moser-Veillon PB, DiBianco R. Magnesium supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Feb;16(1):22-31. Comment in: J Am Coll Nutr. 1997 Feb;16(1):4-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9013430

Dunn JT, Semigran MJ, Delange F. The prevention and management of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and its cardiac features. Thyroid. 1998 Jan;8(1):101-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9492159

Dunne JR, Malone D, Tracy JK, Gannon C, Napolitano LM. Perioperative anemia: an independent risk factor for infection, mortality, and resource utilization in surgery. J Surg Res. 2002 Feb;102(2):237-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11796024

Espeland MA, Kumanyika S, Wilson AC, Wilcox S, Chao D, Bahnson J, Reboussin DM, Easter L, Zheng B. Lifestyle interventions influence relative errors in self-reported diet intake of sodium and potassium. Ann Epidemiol. 2001 Feb;11(2):85-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11164124

Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. Dietary potassium intake and stroke mortality. Stroke. 2000 Jul;31(7):1532-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10884449

Ford ES. Serum copper concentration and coronary heart disease among US adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Jun 15;151(12):1182-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10905530

Fortes C, Agabiti N, Fano V, Pacifici R, Forastiere F, Virgili F, Zuccaro P, Perruci CA, Ebrahim S. Zinc supplementation and plasma lipid peroxides in an elderly population. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;51(2):97-101. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9049568

Fotherby MD, Potter JF. Long-term potassium supplementation lowers blood pressure in elderly hypertensive subjects. Int J Clin Pract. 1997 Jun;51(4):219-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9287262

Gaddi A, Cicero AF, Wani FO, Dormi A, Pasquarelli V, D'Addato S. The realization of a project aimed at reducing the plasmatic lipid level in a large Italian population improves the mean calcium daily intake: the Brisighella Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Feb;55(2):97-106. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11305632

Galan P, Yoon HC, Preziosi P, Viteri F, Valeix P, Fieux B, Briancon S, Malvy D, Roussel AM, Favier A, Hercberg S. Determining factors in the iron status of adult women in the SU.VI.MAX study. SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jun;52(6):383-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9683388

Geleijnse JM, Grobbee DE. Calcium intake and blood pressure: an update. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2000 Feb;7(1):23-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10785870

Green DM, Ropper AH, Kronmal RA, Psaty BM, Burke GL. Serum potassium level and dietary potassium intake as risk factors for stroke. Neurology. 2002 Aug 13;59(3):314-20. Comment in: Neurology. 2002 Aug 13;59(3):302-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12177362

Grosbois B, Gatel A. [Diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency]. Rev Prat. 2000 May 1;50(9):966-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10865495 (Fre).

Grossman E, Vald A, Peleg E, Sela B, Rosenthal T. The effects of a combined low-sodium, high-potassium, high-calcium diet on blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 1997 Dec;11(12):789-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9468005

Gupta R, Rastogi S, Nagar R, Kastia S, Kaul V. Dietary and serum iron, body iron stores and coronary heart disease. J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 May;48(5):489-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11273140

Hallberg L. Perspectives on nutritional iron deficiency. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21:1-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11375427

He FJ, MacGregor GA. Potassium intake and blood pressure. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Aug;12(8 Pt 1):849-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10480482

Hermansen K. Diet, blood pressure and hypertension. Br J Nutr. 2000 Mar;83 Suppl 1:s113-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10889801

Itoh K, Kawasaka T, Nakamura M. The effects of high oral magnesium supplementation on blood pressure, serum lipids and related variables in apparently healthy Japanese subjects. Br J Nutr. 1997 Nov;78(5):737-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9389897

Jacob RA. Individual variability in homocysteine response to folate depletion: an unusual case. Nutr Rev. 1998 Jul;56(7):212-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9697387

Jee SH, Miller ER 3rd, Guallar E, Singh VK, Appel LJ, Klag MJ. The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Hypertens. 2002 Aug;15(8):691-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12160191

Johnson BF, Hamilton G, Fink J, Lucey G, Bennet N, Lew R. A design for testing interventions to improve adherence within a hypertension clinical trial. Control Clin Trials. 2000 Feb;21(1):62-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10660004

Kawano Y, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Omae T. Effects of magnesium supplementation in hypertensive patients: Assessment by office, home, and ambulatory blood pressures. Hypertension. 1998 Aug;32(2):260-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9719052

Kawano Y, Minami J, Takishita S, Omae T. Effects of potassium supplementation on office, home, and 24-h blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1998 Oct;11(10):1141-6. Comment in: Am J Hypertens. 1999 Aug;12(8 Pt 1):849-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9799029

KawanoY, Yoshimi H, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Omae T. Calcium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension: assessment by office, home and ambulatory blood pressure. J Hypertens. 1998 Nov;16(11):1693-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9856371

Kikuchi M, Inagaki T. Atrial natriuretic peptide in aged patients with iron deficiency anemia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1999;28(2):105-15.

Klevay LM, Milne DB. Low dietary magnesium increases supraventricular ectopy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;75(3):550-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11864862

Klipstein-Grobusch K, Grobbee DE, den Breeijen JH, Boeing H, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Dietary iron and risk of myocardial infarction in the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Mar 1;149(5):421-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10067901

Klipstein-Grobusch K, Koster JF, Grobbee DE, Lindemans J, Boeing H, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Serum ferritin and risk of myocardial infarction in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1231-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10357744

Kobayashi K, Koike A, Hagimoto N, Adachi H, Marumo F, Hiroe M. Lack of a relation between serum potassium concentration and exercise hyperpnea in patients with chronic heart disease. Jpn Circ J. 2000 Aug;64(8):554-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10952149

Krachler M, Lindschinger M, Eber B, Watzinger N, Wallner S. Trace elements in coronary heart disease: Impact of intensified lifestyle modification. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997 Dec;60(3):175-85. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9494056

Landmark K. [Hypokalemia can accelerate the development of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Feb 20;122(5):499-501. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11961979 (Nor).

Locatelli F, Bommer J, London GM, Martin-Malo A, Wanner C, Yaqoob M, Zoccali C. Cardiovascular disease determinants in chronic renal failure: clinical approach and treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001 Mar;16(3):459-68. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11239016

McCarron DA. Importance of dietary calcuim in hypertension. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Feb;17(1):97-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9477397

McCully JD, Levitsky S. Mechanisms of in vitro cardioprotective action of magnesium on the aging myocardium. Magnes Res. 1997 Jun;10(2):157-68. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9368237

Meyers DG, Strickland D, Maloley PA, Seburg JK, Wilson JE, McManus BF. Possible association of a reduction in cardiovascular events with blood donation. Heart. 1997 Aug;78(2):188-93. Comment in: Heart. 1998 Apr;79(4):422. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9326996

Mielcarz G, Howard AN, Mielcarz B, Williams NR, Rajput-Williams J, Nigdigar SV, Stone DL. Leucocyte copper, a marker of copper body status is low in coronary artery disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2001;15(1):31-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11603824

Milan A, Mulatero P, Rabbia F, Veglio F. Salt intake and hypertension therapy. J Nephrol. 2002 Jan-Feb;15(1):1-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11936420

Mizushima S, Cappuccio FP, Nichols R, Elliott P. Dietary magnesium intake and blood pressure: a qualitative overview of the observational studies. J Hum Hypertens. 1998 Jul;12(7):447-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9702930

Montemurro V. [Sideropenic anemia: Clinical and therapeutic update]. Riv Ital Biol Med. 1999;19(3-4):60-70. (Ita).

Neggers YH, Bindon JR, Dressler WW. The relationship between zinc and copper status and lipid levels in African-Americans. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Jan;79(1):1-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11318232

Ono A, Shibaoka M, Yano J, Asai Y, Fujita T. Eating habits and intensity of medication in elderly hypertensive outpatients. Hypertens Res. 2000 May;23(3):195-200. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10821126

Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW, Nachtigall D, Hansen C. Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Apr;86(4):1633-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11297596

Reid IR, Mason B, Horne A, Ames R, Clearwater J, Bava U, Orr-Walker B, Wu F, Evans MC, Gamble GD. Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med. 2002 Apr 1;112(5):343-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11904107

Resnick LM. Therapeutic implications of calcium intake in hypertension: more analyses, a little progress, and a different approach. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Jan;12(1 Pt 1):82-3. Comment on: Am J Hypertens. 1999 Jan;12(1 Pt 1) 84-92; Am J Hypertens. 1999 Jan;12(1 Pt 1):93-5; Am J Hypertens. 1999 Jan;12(1 Pt 1):96-8; Am J Hypertens. 1999 Jan;12(1 Pt 1):99-112. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10075391

Retzlaff BM, Buck BL, Walden CE, Wallick S, Knopp RH. Iron and zinc status of women and men who followed cholesterol-lowering diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98(2):149-54.

Roth JL, Pugh LC. Side effects of alternative iron supplementation: a pilot study. Pa Nurse. 1998 Jun;53(6):16-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10614442

Shechter M, Hod H, Chouraqui P, Kaplinsky E, Rabinowitz B. Acute myocardial infarction without thrombolytic therapy: beneficial effects of magnesium sulfate. Herz. 1997 Jul;22 Suppl 1:73-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9259191

Shechter M, Merz CN, Paul-Labrador M, Meisel SR, Rude RK, Molloy MD, Dwyer JH, Shah PK, Kaul S. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibits platelet-dependent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999 Jul 15;84(2):152-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10426331

Shechter M, Sharir M, Labrador MJ, Forrester J, Silver B, Bairey Merz CN. Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000 Nov 7;102(19):2353-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11067788

Suter PM . The effects of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber on risk of stroke. Nutr Rev. 1999 Mar;57(3):84-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10101922

Tucker K . Dietary patterns and blood pressure in African Americans. Nutr Rev. 1999 Nov;57(11):356-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10628188

Tzonou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulou A, Tsoutsos V, Trichopoulos D. Dietary iron and coronary heart disease risk: a study from Greece. Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Jan 15;147(2):161-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9457006

West SG. Aerobic exercise, estrogen replacement, and high potassium intake: behavioral buffers of cardiovascular stress responses [dissertation]. Chapel(NC): University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 1997. 154 p.

Whelton PK, He J. Potassium in preventing and treating high blood pressure. Semin Nephrol. 1999 Sep;19(5):494-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10511389

Witte KK, Clark AL, Cleland JG. Chronic heart failure and micronutrients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Jun 1;37(7):1765-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11401109

Yamori Y, Mizushima S. A review of the link between dietary magnesium and cardiovascular risk. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2000 Feb;7(1):31-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10785871

Zehender M, Meinertz T, Faber T, Caspary A, Jeron A, Bremm K, Just H. Antiarrhythmic effects of increasing the daily intake of magnesium and potassium in patients with frequent ventricular arrhythmias. Magnesium in Cardiac Arrhythmias(MAGICA) Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997 Apr;29(5):1028-34. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9120155

Ziegler R. [The positive influence of potassium supplementation on blood pressure]. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 1998;21(8):255. (Ger).

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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


Bleich S, Degner D, Bandelow B, Riegel A, Maler JM, Ruether E, Kornhuber J. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and neuropsychiatric symptoms in manganese-induced parkinsonism. Ger J Psychiatry. 2000;3(1):14-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID http://www.gjpsy.uni-goettingen.de

Chandra RK. Effect of vitamin and trace-element supplementation on cognitive function in elderly subjects. Nutrition. 2001;17(9):709-12.

Clodfelter GV. Multiple calcium sources and their role in neuronal cell death [dissertation]. Lexington(KY): University of Kentucky; 2000. 165 p.

Forsleff L, Schauss AG, Bier ID, Stuart S. Evidence of functional zinc deficiency in Parkinson's disease. J Altern Complement Med. 1999 Feb;5(1):57-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10100031

Heckmann JG, Tomandl B, Lang CJ, Kerling F, Dutsch M, Neundorfer B. [Cerebral calcinosis]. Med Klin. 2001 Jan 15;96(1):55-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11210491 (Ger).

Logroscino G, Marder K, Graziano J, Freyer G, Slavkovich V, Lojacono N, Cote L, Mayeux R. Dietary iron, animal fats, and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 1998;13 Suppl 1:13-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9613713

Potocnik FC, van Rensburg SJ, Park C, Taljaard JJF, Emsley RA. Zinc and platelet membrane microviscosity in Alzheimer's disease. The in vivo effect of zinc on platelet membranes and cognition. S Afr Med J. 1997 Sep;87(9):1116-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9358828

Sziraki I, Rauhala P, Koh KK, van Bergen P, Chiueh CC. Implications for atypical antioxidative properties of manganese in iron-induced brain lipid peroxidation and copper-dependent low density lipoprotein conjugation. Neurotoxicology. 1999 Apr-Jun;20(2-3):455-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10385904

Tedeschi-Blok N, Schwartzbaum J, Lee M, Miike R, Wrensch M. Dietary calcium consumption and astrocytic glioma: the San Francisco Bay Area Adult Glioma Study, 1991-1995. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39(2):196-203. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11759280

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Gastrointestinal Health


Annaloro C, Lambertenghi Deliliers D, Oriani A, Lambertenghi Deliliers G. Clinical topics in iron deficiency. Internista. 1997;5(3):155-62.

Chari ST, Keate RF. Ileocolonic anastomotic ulcers: a case series and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 May;95(5):1239-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10811334

Haderslev KV, Jeppesen PB, Mortensen PB, Staun M. Absorption of calcium and magnesium in patients with intestinal resections treated with medium chain fatty acids. Gut. 2000 Jun;46(6):819-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10807894

Hall WD, Pettinger M, Oberman A, Watts NB, Johnson KC, Paskett ED, Limacher MC, Hays J. Risk factors for kidney stones in older women in the southern United States. Am J Med Sci. 2001 Jul;322(1):12-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11465241

Han H, Bleyer AJ, Houser RF, Jacques PF, Dwyer JT. Dialysis and nutrition practices in Korean hemodialysis centers. J Renal Nutr. 2002 Jan;12(1):42-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11823993

Hoffman JC, Zeitz M. Treatment of Crohn's disease. Hepatogastroenterology. 2000 Jan-Feb;47(31):90-100. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10690589

Lee MF, Krasinski SD. Human adult-onset lactase decline: an update. Nutr Rev. 1998 Jan;56(1 Pt 1):1-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9481112

Millar AD, Rampton DS, Blake DR. Effects of iron and iron chelation in vitro on mucosal oxidant activity in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Sep;14(9):1163-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10971233

Tandon N, Thakur V, Guptan RK, Sarin SK. Beneficial influence of an indigenous low-iron diet on serum indicators of iron status in patients with chronic liver disease. Br J Nutr. 2000 Mar;83(3):235-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10884711

van den Heuvel EG, Schoterman MH, Muijs T. Transgalactooligosaccharides stimulate calcium absorption in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):2938-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11110850

Vanpee D, Delgrange E, Gillet J B, Donckier J. Ingestion of antacid tablets(Rennie) and acute confusion. J Emerg Med. 2000 Aug;19(2):169-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10903467

Wishart JM, Scopacasa F, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Need AG, Clifton PM , Nordin BE. Effect of perimenopause on calcium absorption: a longitudinal study. Climacteric. 2000 Jun;3(2):102-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11910650

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Immune System Health


Boardley D, Fahlman M. Micronutrient supplementation does not attenuate seasonal decline of immune system indexes in well-nourished elderly women: a placebo-controlled study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000 Mar;100(3):356-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10719412

Chandra RK. Influence of multinutrient supplement on immune responses and infection-related illness in 50-65 year old individuals. Nutr Res. 2002;22(1-2):5-11.

Chin A, Paw MJ, De Jong N, Pallast EG, Kloek GC, Schouten EG, Kok FJ. Immunity in frail elderly: a randomized controlled trial of exercise and enriched foods. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Dec;32(12):2005-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11128843

de Jong N, Gibson RS, Thomson CD, Ferguson EL, McKenzie JE, Green TJ, Horwath CC. Selenium and zinc status are suboptimal in a sample of older New Zealand women in a community-based study. J Nutr. 2001 Oct;131(10):2677-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11584090

Fortes C, Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Fano V, Pacifici R, Virgili F, Piras G, Guidi L, Bartoloni C, Tricerri A, Zuccaro P, Ebrahim S, Perucci CA. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Jan;46(1):19-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9434661

Heinle K, Adam A, Gradl M, Wiseman M, Adam O. [Selenium concentration in erythrocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and laboratory chemistry infection markers during administration of selenium]. Med Klin. 1997 Sep 15;92 Suppl 3:29-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9417493 (Ger).

Johnson MA, Porter KH. Micronutrient supplementation and infection in institutionalized elders. Nutr Rev. 1997 Nov;55(11 Pt 1):400-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9420452

Mocchegiani E, Muzzioli M, Gaetti R, Veccia S, Viticchi C, Scalise G. Contribution of zinc to reduce CD4+ risk factor for 'severe' infection relapse in aging: parallelism with HIV. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999 Apr;21(4):271-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10408635

Peretz A, Siderova V, Neve J. Selenium supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30(4):208-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11578015

Provinciali M, Montenovo A, Di Stefano G, Colombo M, Daghetta L, Cairati M, Veroni C, Cassino R, Della Torre F, Fabris N. Effect of zinc or zinc plus arginine supplementation on antibody titre and lymphocyte subsets after influenza vaccination in elderly subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing. 1998 Nov;27(6):715-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10408666

Rhee YS, Hermann JR, Burnham K, Arquitt AB, Stoecker BJ. The effects of chromium and copper supplementation on mitogen-stimulated T cell proliferation in hypercholesterolaemic postmenopausal women. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002 Mar;127(3):463-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11966762

Salgueiro MJ, Zubillaga M, Lysionek A, Cremaschi G, Goldman CG, Caro R, De Paoli T, Hager A, Weill R, Boccio J. Zinc status and immune system relationship: a review. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2000 Sep;76(3):193-205. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11049218

Schmidt M. [Susceptibility for infections: Therapeutic option with zinc histidine]. Biol Med. 2000;29(5):228-30. (Ger).

Takkouche B, Regueira-Mendez C, Garcia-Closas R, Figueiras A, Gestal-Otero JJ. Intake of vitamin C and zinc and risk of common cold: a cohort study. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):38-44. Comment in: Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):4-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11805584

Wood SM, Beckham C, Yosioka A, Darban H, Watson RR. beta-Carotene and selenium supplementation enhances immune response in aged humans. Integr Med. 1999 Mar 21;2(2-3):85-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10882881

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Amato P, Morales AJ, Yen SS. Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, and body composition in healthy, nonobese, older men and women. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000 May;55(5):M260-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10819315

Ames RP. The effect of sodium supplementation on glucose tolerance and insulin concentrations in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Am J Hypertens. 2001 Jul;14(7 Pt I):653-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11465650

Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Cheng N, Chi J, Feng J . Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1997 Nov;46(11):1786-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9356027

Bahijri Suhad MA, Mufti Asaad MB. Beneficial effects of chromium in people with type 2 diabetes, and urinary chromium response to glucose load as a possible indicator of status. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2002 Feb;85(2):97-109. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11899964

Barsotti G, Cupisti A, Morelli E, Meola M, Cozza V, Barsotti M, Giovannetti S. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in severe chronic renal failure is corrected by very-low dietary phosphate intake and calcium carbonate supplementation. Nephron. 1998;79(2):137-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9647491

Berg JA. The perimenopausal transition of Filipino-American midlife women [dissertation]. San Francisco: University of California, San Francisco; 1997. 183 p.

Bilezikian JP. The importance of calcium in postmenopausal women. Am J Ther. 1999 Nov;6(6):325-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11329117

Bourg DD. Cromium intake, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, and measures of adiposity in healthy postmenopausal women [masters thesis]. Denton(TX): Texas Woman's University; 1998. 92 p.

Boyd SG, Boone BE, Smith AR, Conners J, Dohm GL. Combined dietary chromium picolinate supplementation and an exercise program leads to a reduction of serum cholesterol and insulin in college-aged subjects. J Nutr Biochem. 1998 Aug;9(8):471-5.

Cass I, Runowicz CD. Nonhormonal alternatives to treating menopausal symptoms. Am J Manag Care. 1998 May;4(5):732-8; quiz 739-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10179926

Daugherty JE. Treatment strategies for premenstrual syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 1998 Jul;58(1):183-92, 197-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9672437

Davies KM, Heaney RP, Recker RR, Lappe JM, Barger-Lux MJ, Rafferty K, Hinders S. Calcium intake and body weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4635-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11134120

de Valk HW, Verkaaik R, van Rijn HJ, Geerdink RA, Struyvenberg A. Oral magnesium supplementation in insulin-requiring Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Med. 1998 Jun;15(6):503-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9632126

Delange F, Lecomte P. Iodine supplementation: benefits outweigh risks. Drug Saf. 2000 Feb;22(2):89-95. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10672891

Deroisy R, Collette J, Albert A, Jupsin I, Reginster JY. Administration of a supplement containing both calcium and vitamin D is more effective than calcium alone to reduce secondary hyperparathyroidism in postmenopausal women with low 25(OH)vitamin D circulating levels. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2002 Feb;14(1):13-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12027147

Deroisy R, Zartarian M, Meurmans L, Nelissenne N, Micheletti MC, Albert A, Reginster JY. Acute changes in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone circulating levels induced by the oral intake of five currently available calcium salts in healthy male volunteers. Clin Rheumatol. 1997 May;16(3):249-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9184261

Gartner R, Manz F, Grossklaus R. Representative data of iodine intake and urinary excretion in Germany. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109(1):2-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11573130

Gupta R, Garg VK, Mathur DK, Goyal RK. Oral zinc therapy in diabetic neuropathy. J Assoc Physicians India. 1998 Nov;46(11):939-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11229219

Hallworth RB. Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Pharm World Sci. 1998 Oct;20(5):198-205. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9820882

Heller HJ, Greer LG, Haynes SD, Poindexter JR, Pak CY. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two calcium supplements in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;40(11):1237-44. Erratum in: J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;41(1):116. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11075309

Holzherr ML, Retallack RW, Gutteridge DH, Price RI, Faulkner DL, Wilson SG, Will RK, Stewart GO, Stuckey BG, Prince RL, Criddle RA, Kent GN, Bhagat CI, Dhaliwal SS, Jamrozik K. Calcium absorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis: benefit of HRT plus calcitriol, but not HRT alone, in both malabsorbers and normal absorbers. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(1):43-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10663358

Kinyamu HK, Gallagher JC, Rafferty KA, Balhorn KE. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake in elderly women: effect on serum parathyroid hormone and vitamin D metabolites. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Feb;67(2):342-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9459385

Kung JW, Lao TT, Chau MT, Tam SC, Low LC, Kung AW. Mild iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J. 2001 Dec;7(4):414-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11773677

Larrosa M, Gratacos J, Vaqueiro M, Prat M, Campos F, Roque M. [Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in elderly institutionalized residents: influence of a substitutive treatment]. Med Clin. 2001 Nov 17;117(16):611-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11714466 (Spa).

Laurberg P, Nohr SB, Pedersen KM, Hreidarsson AB, Andersen S, Bulow Pedersen I, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Jorgensen T, Ovesen L. Thyroid disorders in mild iodine deficiency. Thyroid. 2000 Nov;10(11):951-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11128722

Lima M de L, Cruz T, Pousada J C, Rodrigues LE, Barbosa K, Cangucu V. The effect of magnesium supplementation in increasing doses on the control of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 May;21(5):682-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9589224

Locker FG, Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP. Optimal dietary calcium intake in primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med. 1997 Jun;102(6):543-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9217669

Martinez I, Saracho R, Montenegro J, Llach F. The importance of dietary calcium and phosphorous in the secondary hyperparathyroidism of patients with early renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997 Apr;29(4):496-502. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9100037

Mikhail N, Ehsanipoor K. Ionized serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus: its correlation with total serum magnesium and hemoglobin A1c levels. South Med J. 1999 Dec;92(12):1162-6. Comment in: South Med J. 2000 Oct;93(10):1038-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10624906

Unusan N. Selenium and thyroid hormone metabolism. Nutr Food Sci. 2001 Mar-Jun;31(2-3):91-4.

Verger P, Aurengo A, Geoffroy B, Le Guen B. Iodine kinetics and effectiveness of stable iodine prophylaxis after intake of radioactive iodine: a review. Thyroid. 2001 Apr;11(4):353-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11349833

Walti MK, Zimmermann MB, Spinas GA, Jacob S, Hurrell RF. Dietary magnesium intake in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;56(5):409-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12001011

Weigel RJ. Nonoperative management of hyperparathyroidism: present and future. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jan;13(1):33-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11148683

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Sexual Function/Genitourinary Health


Angstwurm MW, Schottdorf J, Schopohl J, Gaertner R. Selenium replacement in patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome improves clinical outcome. Crit Care Med. 1999 Sep;27(9):1807-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10507602

Bastani B, Islam S, Boroujerdi N. Iron absorption after single pharmacological oral iron loading test in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis and in healthy volunteers. Perit Dial Int. 2000 Nov-Dec;20(6):662-6. Comment in: Perit Dial Int. 2000 Nov-Dec;20(6):598-600. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11216556

Bro S, Rasmussen RA, Handberg J, Olgaard K, Feldt-Rasmussen B. Randomized crossover study comparing the phosphate-binding efficacy of calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium carbonate in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998 Feb;31(2):257-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9469496

Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. Family history and risk of kidney stones. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997 Oct;8(10):1568-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9335385

Domrongkitchaiporn S, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Stitchantrakul W, Chansirikarn S, Puavilai G, Rajatanavin R. Risk of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium or combined calcium and estrogen. Maturitas. 2002 Feb 26;41(2):149-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11836046

Domrongkitchaiporn S, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Stitchantrakul W, Piaseu N, Chansirikarn S, Puavilai G, Rajatanavin R. Risk of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis after calcium or combined calcium and calcitriol supplementation in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(6):486-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10982163

Hall WD, Pettinger M, Oberman A, Watts NB, Johnson KC, Paskett ED, Limacher MC, Hays J. Risk factors for kidney stones in older women in the southern United States. Am J Med Sci. 2001 Jul;322(1):12-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11465241

Han H, Bleyer AJ, Houser RF, Jacques PF, Dwyer JT. Dialysis and nutrition practices in Korean hemodialysis centers. J Renal Nutr. 2002 Jan;12(1):42-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11823993

Jern NA, VanBeber AD, Gorman MA, Weber CG, Liepa GU, Cochran CC. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc concentration and protein catabolic rate in hemodialysis patients. J Renal Nutr. 2000 Jul;10(3):148-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10921536

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Sight, Hearing, and Other Sensory Organ Health


The age-related eye disease study: a clinical trial of zinc and antioxidants-age-related eye disease study report no. 2. J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1516S-9S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10801969

Cho E, Stampfer MJ, Seddon JM, Hung S, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Prospective study of zinc intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Ann Epidemiol. 2001 Jul;11(5):328-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11399447

de Jong N, Paw MJ, de Graaf C, van Staveren WA. Effect of dietary supplements and physical exercise on sensory perception, appetite, dietary intake and body weight in frail elderly subjects. Br J Nutr. 2000 Jun;83(6):605-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10911768

Grahn BH, Paterson PG, Gottschall-Pass KT, Zhang Z. Zinc and the eye. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Apr;20(2 Suppl):106-18. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11349933

Minamimoto T, Kokubu I, Sugihara T, Kimura C, Nishimura K, Nishimura K. [Zinc therapy for severe decubitus ulcer associated with taste disorder: A case report]. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;42(10):971-75. (Jpn).

Richer S, Rudy D, Statkute L, Karofty K, Frankowski J. Serum iron, transferrin saturation, ferritin, and dietary data in age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ther. 2002 Jan-Feb;9(1):25-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11782816

Ugarte M, Osborne NN. Zinc in the retina. Prog Neurobiol. 2001 Jun;64(3):219-49. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11240307

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Skin Health


Boon H, Unsworth J . Focus on wound care management. Role of zinc in the healing of venous ulcers: a literature review. Br J Community Nurs. 1998 Oct;3(9):452, 454-7.

Kohn S, Kohn D, Schiller D. Effect of zinc supplementation on epidermal Langerhans' cells of elderly patients with decubital ulcers. J Dermatol. 2000 Apr;27(4):258-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10824490

Littlefield D. Zinc supplementation in wound healing of two HD patients, with alleviation of pruritus in the second. Dial Transplant. 1999;28(4):212-13.

Serwin AB, Chodynicka B, Wasowicz W, Gromadzinska J. [Selenium nutritional status and the course of psoriasis]. Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 1999 May;6(35):263-5. Erratum in: Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 1999 Jul;7(37):11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10437396 (Pol).

Singer P. Nutritional care to prevent and heal pressure ulcers. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 Sep;4(9):713-16. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12440237

Williams LC, Nesbitt LT Jr. Update on systemic glucocorticosteroids in dermatology. Dermatol Clin. 2001 Jan;19(1):63-77. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11155587

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Other


Fujita T, Ohue M, Fujii Y, Miyauchi A, Takagi Y. The effect of active absorbable algal calcium(AAA Ca) with collagen and other matrix components on back and joint pain and skin impedance. J Bone Miner Metab. 2002;20(5):298-302. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12203036

Galan P, Yoon HC, Preziosi P, Viteri F, Valeix P, Fieux B, Briancon S, Malvy D, Roussel AM, Favier A, Hercberg S. Determining factors in the iron status of adult women in the SU.VI.MAX study. SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jun;52(6):383-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9683388

Grungreiff K, Grungreiff S, Reinhold D. Zinc deficiency and hepatic encephalopathy: Results of a long-term follow-up on zinc supplementation. J Trace Elem Exp Med. 2000;13(1):21-31.

Hartwig A. Role of magnesium in genomic stability. Mutat Res. 2001 Apr 18;475(1-2):113-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11295157

Indridason OS, Pieper CF, Quarles LD. Predictors of short-term changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone levels in hemodialysis patients: role of phosphorus, calcium, and gender. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Nov;83(11):3860-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9814459

Jern NA, VanBeber AD, Gorman MA, Weber CG, Liepa GU, Cochran CC. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc concentration and protein catabolic rate in hemodialysis patients. J Renal Nutr. 2000 Jul;10(3):148-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10921536

Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SH, Tucker KL, Elliott H, Kiel DP, Thompson RP, Powell JJ. Dietary silicon intake and absorption. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 May;75(5):887-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11976163

Knutson MD, Walter PB, Ames BN, Viteri FE. Both iron deficiency and daily iron supplements increase lipid peroxidation in rats. J Nutr. 2000 Mar;130(3):621-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10702595

Rock E, Mazur A, O'Connor JM, Bonham MP, Rayssiguier Y, Strain JJ. The effect of copper supplementation on red blood cell oxidizability and plasma antioxidants in middle-aged healthy volunteers. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Feb 1;28(3):324-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10699742

Sechet A, Abighanem O, Said S, Rasombololona M, Moriniere P, Brazier M, Fournier A. [Role of the time of administration of calcium carbonate(before or during mealtime) in the control of hyperphosphatemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis]. Nephrologie. 1999;20(4):209-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10480153 (Fre).

Tahiri M, Tressol JC, Arnaud J, Bornet F, Bouteloup-Demange C, Feillet-Coudray C, Ducros V, Pepin D, Brouns F, Rayssiguier AM, Coudray C. Five-week intake of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides increases intestinal absorption and status of magnesium in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Nov;16(11):2152-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11697813

van den Bergh JP, Gelens MA, Klaassen HA, Kaufmann BG, Bottger WM, Verstappen VM. Efficacy and tolerance of three different calcium acetate formulations in hemodialysis patients. Neth J Med. 1999 Nov;55(5):222-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10593132

van den Heuvel EG, Schoterman MH, Muijs T. Transgalactooligosaccharides stimulate calcium absorption in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2000 Dec;130(12):2938-42. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11110850

Walter PB, Knutson MD, Paler-Martinez A, Lee S, Xu Y, Viteri FE, Ames BN. Iron deficiency and iron excess damage mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2264-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854522

Weinreich T. Prevention of renal osteodystrophy in peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int. 1998 Dec;54(6):2226-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9853289

Wishart JM, Scopacasa F, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Need AG, Clifton PM , Nordin BE. Effect of perimenopause on calcium absorption: a longitudinal study. Climacteric. 2000 Jun;3(2):102-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11910650

Yates LA, Soffer O, Gropper SS. Phosphate binders and mineral status of adult renal disease patients on hemodialysis. Dial Transplant. 2000;29(5):268-74.

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Dietary Fats

General/Multiple Health Issues


Avula CP, Zaman AK, Lawrence R, Fernandes G. Induction of apoptosis and apoptotic mediators in Balb/C splenic lymphocytes by dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Lipids. 1999 Sep;34(9):921-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10574656

Burke A, Lichtenstein GR, Rombeau JL. Nutrition and ulcerative colitis. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 1997 Mar;11(1):153-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9192066

Das UN. Beneficial effect(s) of n-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases: but, why and how? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2000 Dec;63(6):351-62. Erratum in: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2001 Jan;64(1):74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11133172

Horrocks LA, Keo YK. Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Pharmacol Res. 1999 Sep;40(3):211-25. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10479465

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Anti-Aging


Basset L, Bokobsa M, Adhoute H. [Evaluation of the effect of a poly-insaturated food supplement of marine origin on cutaneous ageing]. Nouv Dermatol. 2002;21(3):116-9. (Fre).

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Bone and Muscle Health


Bassey EJ, Littlewood JJ, Rothwell MC, Pye DW. Lack of effect of supplementation with essential fatty acids on bone mineral density in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women: two randomized controlled trials of Efacal v. calcium alone. Br J Nutr. 2000 Jun;83(6):629-35. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10911771

Kruger MC, Coetzer H, De Winter R, Gericke G, Van Papendorp DH, Brosche T. [Calcium, gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis]. Med Welt. 2000;51(1-2):50-1. (Ger).

Seifert MF, Watkins BA. Role of dietary lipid and antioxidants in bone metabolism. Nutr Res. 1977 Jul;17(7):1209-28.

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Cancer


Aronson WJ, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST, Reese D, Heber D, Bagga D. Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer. Urology. 2001 Aug;58(2):283-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11489728

Barber MD, McMillan DC, Preston T, Ross JA, Fearon KC. Metabolic response to feeding in weight-losing pancreatic cancer patients and its modulation by a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement. Clin Sci(Lond). 2000 Apr;98(4):389-99. Comment in: Clin Sci(Colch). 2000 Apr;98(4):365. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10731472

Barber MD, Ross JA, Voss AC, Tisdale MJ, Fearon KC. The effect of an oral nutritional supplement enriched with fish oil on weight-loss in patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 1999 Sep;81(1):80-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10487616

Basu S, Riserus U, Turpeinen A, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in men with abdominal obesity. Clin Sci(Lond). 2000 Dec;99(6):511-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11099394

Gianotti L, Braga M, Nespoli L, Radaelli G, Beneduce A, Di Carlo V. A randomized controlled trial of preoperative oral supplementation with a specialized diet in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1763-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12055582

Hakim IA, Harris RB, Ritenbaugh C. Fat intake and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Nutr Cancer. 2000;36(2):155-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10890025

Han SN, Leka LS, Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Schaefer EJ, Meydani SN. Effect of hydrogenated and saturated, relative to polyunsaturated, fat on immune and inflammatory responses of adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res. 2002 Mar;43(3):445-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11893781

Hardman WE, Avula CP, Fernandes G, Cameron IL. Three percent dietary fish oil concentrate increased efficacy of doxorubicin against MDA-MB 231 breast cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Jul;7(7):2041-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11448922

Kenny FS, Pinder SE, Ellis IO, Gee JM, Nicholson RI, Bryce RP, Robertson JF. Gamma linolenic acid with tamoxifen as primary therapy in breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000 Mar 1;85(5):643-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10699943

Wigmore SJ, Barber MD, Ross JA, Tisdale MJ, Fearon KC. Effect of oral eicosapentaenoic acid on weight loss in patients with pancreatic cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2000;36(2):177-84. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10890028

Wigmore SJ, Fearon KC, Maingay JP, Ross JA. Down-regulation of the acute-phase response in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia receiving oral eicosapentaenoic acid is mediated via suppression of interleukin-6. Clin Sci(Lond). 1997 Feb;92(2):215-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9059324

Zuijdgeest-Van Leeuwen SD, Dagnelie PC, Wattimena JL, Van den Berg JW, Van der Gaast A, Swart GR, Wilson JH. Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester supplementation in cachectic cancer patients and healthy subjects: effects on lipolysis and lipid oxidation. Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;19(6):417-23. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11104593

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Cardiovascular Health


Adam O, Schubert A, Adam A, Antretter N, Forth W. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on renal function and electrolyte excretion in aged persons. Eur J Med Res. 1998 Feb 21;3(1-2):111-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9512978

Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Lawrence A, Altringer LA, Jerdack GR, Hengehold DA, Morel JG. Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia: meta-analysis of 8 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;71(2):472-9. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;71(2):401-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10648260

Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Turner J, Oeltgen PR, Daggy BP. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):466-73. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10500014

Anderson JW, Davidson MH, Blonde L, Brown WV, Howard WJ, Ginsberg H, Allgood LD, Weingand KW. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1433-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10837282

Angerer P, Kothny W, Stork S, von Schacky C. Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on progression of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries. Cardiovasc Res. 2002 Apr;54(1):183-90. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12062374

Ashton EL, Best JD, Ball MJ. Effects of monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil on CHD risk factors including LDL size and copper-induced LDL oxidation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):320-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11506059

Bhatnagar D. Lipid-lowering drugs in the management of hyperlipidaemia. Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Sep;79(3):205-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9776377

Borthwick L. The effects of an omega-3 ethyl ester concentrate on blood lipid concentrations in patients with hyperlipidaemia. Clin Drug Invest. 1998;15(5):397-404.

Brox J, Olaussen K, Osterud B, Elvevoll E O, Bjornstad E, Brattebog G, Iversen H. A long-term seal- and cod-liver-oil supplementation in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Lipids. 2001 Jan;36(1):7-13. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11214732

Bucher HC, Hengstler P, Schindler C, Meier G. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2002 Mar;112(4):298-304. Comment in: Am J Med. 2002 Mar;112(4):316-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11893369

Cater NB, Denke MA. Behenic acid is a cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acid in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jan;73(1):41-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11124748

Cater NB, Heller HJ, Denke MA. Comparison of the effects of medium-chain triacylglycerols, palm oil, and high oleic acid sunflower oil on plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;65(1):41-5. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):447-9; Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Sep;66(3):710-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 8988911

Chan DC, Watts GF, Barrett PH, Beilin LJ, Redgrave TG, Mori TA. Regulatory effects of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and fish oils on apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in insulin-resistant obese male subjects with dyslipidemia. Diabetes. 2002 Aug;51(8):2377-86. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12145148

Christensen JH, Aaroe J, Knudsen N, Dideriksen K, Kornerup HJ, Dyerberg J, Shmidt EB. Heart rate variability and n-3 fatty acids in patients with chronic renal failure - a pilot study. Clin Nephrol. 1998 Feb;49(2):102-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9524780

Christensen JH, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. n-3 Fatty acids and the risk of sudden cardiac death assessed by 24-hour heart rate variability. Lipids. 1999;34(6 Suppl):S197. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10419147

Christensen JH, Gustenhoff P, Korup E, Aaroe J, Toft E, Moller JM, Rasmussen K, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. [n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, heart rate variability and ventricular arrhythmias in post-AMI-patients. A clinical controlled trial]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1997 Sep 8;159(37):5525-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9312922 (Dan).

de Waart FG, Moser U, Kok FJ. Vitamin E supplementation in elderly lowers the oxidation rate of linoleic acid in LDL. Atherosclerosis. 1997 Sep;133(2):255-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9298686

Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet. 1999 Aug 7;354(9177):447-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10465168

Durrington PN, Bhatnagar D, Mackness MI, Morgan J, Julier K, Khan MA, France M. An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate administered for one year decreased triglycerides in simvastatin treated patients with coronary heart disease and persisting hypertriglyceridaemia. Heart. 2001 May;85(5):544-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11303007

Ferrara LA, Raimondi AS, d'Episcopo L, Guida L, Dello Russo A, Marotta T. Olive oil and reduced need for antihypertensive medications. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Mar 27;160(6):837-42. Available from: 10737284

Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ, Grobbee DE, Donders ART, Kok FJ. Blood pressure response to fish oil supplementation: metaregression analysis of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2002 Aug;20(8):1493-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12172309

Goode GK, Garcia S, Heagerty AM. Dietary supplementation with marine fish oil improves in vitro small artery endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Circulation. 1997 Nov 4;96(9):2802-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9386141

Grundt H, Nilsen DW, Hetland O, Mansoor MA, Aarsland T, Woie L. Atherothrombogenic risk modulation by n-3 fatty acids was not associated with changes in homocysteine in subjects with combined hyperlipidaemia. Thromb Haemost. 1999 Apr;81(4):561-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10235439

Higdon JV. The effect of oleate, linoleate, and EPA/DHA supplementation of postmenopausal women on in vivo lipid peroxidation and LDL susceptibility to ex vivo oxidation [dissertation]. Corvallis(OR): Oregon State University; 2000. 172 p.

Johansen O, Brekke M, Seljeflot I, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H. N-3 fatty acids do not prevent restenosis after coronary angioplasty: results from the CART study. Coronary Angioplasty Restenosis Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 May;33(6):1619-26. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10334433

Kothny W, Angerer P, Stork S, von Schacky C. Short term effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the radial artery of patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Sep;140(1):181-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9733230

Lavedrine F, Zmirou D, Ravel A, Balducci F, Alary J. Blood cholesterol and walnut consumption: a cross-sectional survey in France. Prev Med. 1999 Apr;28(4):333-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10090861

Lee YS. The effect of supplementation with n-9, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids on plasma lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B concentrations, LDL particle size, and oxidative susceptibility of two LDL subfractions in postmenopausal women [dissertation]. Corvallis(OR): Oregon State University; 1999. 161 p.

Leng GC, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, Jepson RG, Lowe GD, Skinner ER, Mowat BF. Randomized controlled trial of gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in peripheral arterial disease. Clin Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):265-71. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10205349

Lichtenstein AH, Ausman L M, Jalbert SM, Schaefer EJ. Effects of different forms of dietary hydrogenated fats on serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels. New Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 24;340(25):1933-40. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 1999 Sep 9;341(11):856; Comment in: N Engl J Med.1999 Oct 28;341(18):1396-7; N Engl J Med. 1999 Oct 28;341(18):1396; discussion 1396-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10379016

Masella R, Giovannini C, Vari R, Di Benedetto R, Coni E, Volpe R, Fraone N, Bucci A. Effects of dietary virgin olive oil phenols on low density lipoprotein oxidation in hyperlipidemic patient. Lipids. 2001 Nov;36(11):1195-202. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11795851

Minihane AM, Khan S, Leigh-Firbank EC, Talmud P, Wright JW, Murphy MC, Griffin BA, Williams CM. ApoE polymorphism and fish oil supplementation in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Aug;20(8):1990-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10938022

Morcos NC. Modulation of lipid profile by fish oil and garlic combination. J Nat Med Assoc. 1997 Oct;89(10):673-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9347681

Mori TA, Bao DQ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension. 1999 Aug;34(2):253-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10454450

Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Watts GF, O'Neal DN, Best JD, Beilin LJ. Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly hyperlipidemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5):1085-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10799369

Mori TA, Watts GF, Burke V, Hilme E, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on vascular reactivity of the forearm microcirculation in hyperlipidemic, overweight men. Circulation. 2000 Sep 12;102(11):1264-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10982541

Nenseter MS, Osterud B, Larsen T, Strom E, Bergei C, Hewitt S, Holven KB, Hagve TA, Mjos SA, Solvang M, Pettersen J, Opstvedt J, Ose L. Effect of Norwegian fish powder on risk factors for coronary heart disease among hypercholesterolemic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2000 Dec;10(6):323-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11302007

Ness AR, Whitley E, Burr ML, Elwood PC, Smith GD, Ebrahim S. The long-term effect of advice to eat more fish on blood pressure in men with coronary disease: results from the Diet and Reinfarction Trial. J Hum Hypertens. 1999 Nov;13(11):729-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10578215

Nestel P, Shige H, Pomeroy S, Cehun M, Abbey M, Raederstorff D. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Aug;76(2):326-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12145002

Nilsen DW, Albrektsen G, Landmark K, Moen S, Aarsland T, Woie L. Effects of a high-dose concentrate of n-3 fatty acids or corn oil introduced early after an acute myocardial infarction on serum triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Jul;74(1):50-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11451717

Oliver MF. It is more important to increase the intake of unsaturated fats than to decrease the intake of saturated fats: evidence from clinical trials relating to ischemic heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Oct;66(4 Suppl):980s-6s. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9322577

Pirich C, Gaszo A, Granegger S, Sinzinger H. Effects of fish oil supplementation on platelet survival and ex vivo platelet function in hypercholesterolemic patients. Thromb Res. 1999 Nov;96(3):219-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10588465

Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Urbano G, Lopez-Jurado M, Nestares T, Gomez MC, Mir A, Ros E, Mataix J, Gil A. Extra-virgin olive oil increases the resistance of LDL to oxidation more than refined olive oil in free-living men with peripheral vascular disease. J Nutr. 1999 Dec;129(12):2177-183. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10573546

Rand PJ, Schooff M. Do fish oils or vitamin E reduce morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction? J Fam Pract. 1999 Nov;48(11):847-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10907618

Rosenberg IH. Fish -- food to calm the heart. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 11;346(15):1102-3. Comment on: N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 11;346(15):1113-8; N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 15;347(7):531-3; discussion 531-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11948268

Saldeen T, Wallin R, Marklinder I. Effects of a small dose of stable fish oil substituted for margarine in bread on plasma phospholipid fatty acids and serum triglycerides. Nutr Res. 1998;18(9):1483-92.

Seljeflot I, Johansen O, Arnesen H, Eggesbo JB, Westvik AB, Kierulf P. Procoagulant activity and cytokine expression in whole blood cultures from patients with atherosclerosis supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids. Thromb Haemost. 1999 Apr;81(4):566-70. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10235440

Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, Kumar R, Rastogi V, Moshiri M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival--4. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1997 Jul;11(3):485-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9310278

Sirtori CR, Crepaldi G, Manzato E, Mancini M, Rivellese A, Paoletti R, Pazzucconi F, Pamparana F, Stragliotto E. One-year treatment with ethyl esters of n-3 fatty acids in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance: reduced triglyceridemia, total cholesterol and increased HDL-C without glycemic alterations. Atherosclerosis. 1998 Apr;137(2):419-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9622285

Skou HA, Toft E, Christensen JH, Hansen JB, Dyerberg J, Schmidt EB. N-3 fatty acids and cardiac function after myocardial infarction in Denmark. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2001 Aug;60(3):360-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11590875

Sodergren E, Gustafsson IB, Basu S, Nourooz-Zadeh J, Nalsen C, Turpeinen A, Berglund L, Vessby B. A diet containing rapeseed oil-based fats does not increase lipid peroxidation in humans when compared to a diet rich in saturated fatty acids. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;55(11):922-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11641740

Stark KD, Park EJ, Maines VA, Holub BJ. Effect of a fish-oil concentrate on serum lipids in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2):389-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10919932

Tepaske R, Velthuis H, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Heisterkamp SH, van Deventer SJ, Ince C, Eysman L, Kesecioglu J. Effect of preoperative oral immune-enhancing nutritional supplement on patients at high risk of infection after cardiac surgery: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2001 Sep 1;358(9283):696-701. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11551575

Thies F, Miles EA, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Hurst TL, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults. Lipids. 2001 Nov;36(11):1183-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11795850

Toborek M, Blanc EM, Kaiser S, Mattson MP, Hennig B. Linoleic acid potentiates TNF-mediated oxidative stress, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis of cultured vascular endothelial cells. J Lipid Res. 1997 Oct;38(10):2155-67. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9374137

Truswell AS. Comparing palmolein with different predominantly monounsaturated oils: effect on plasma lipids. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2000;51 Suppl:S73-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11271859

Vericel E, Calzada C, Chapuy P, Lagarde M. The influence of low intake of n-3 fatty acids on platelets in elderly people. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Nov 1;147(1):187-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10525140

Wensing AG, Mensink RP, Hornstra G. Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin on platelet aggregation in healthy elderly subjects. Br J Nutr. 1999 Sep;82(3):183-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10655965

Wu T. The impact of long chain unsaturated fatty acids on LDL oxidative susceptibility and oxidized LDL-induced cell death [dissertation]. Greensboro(NC): The University of North Carolina at Greensboro; 2001. 194 p.

Yam D, Bott-Kanner G, Genin I, Shinitzky M, Klainman E. [The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases]. Harefuah. 2001 Dec;140(12):1156-8, 1230. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11789299 (Heb).

Zhang J, Ping W, Chunrong W, Shou CX, Keyou G. Nonhypercholesterolemic effects of a palm oil diet in Chinese adults. J Nutr. 1997 Mar;127(3):509S-13S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9082037

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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


Freeman MP. Omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatry: a review. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;12(3):159-65. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10984006

Fugh-Berman A, Cott JM. Dietary supplements and natural products as psychotherapeutic agents. Psychosom Med. 1999 Sep-Oct;61(5):712-28. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10511018

Hamazak T, Thienprasert A, Kheovichai K, Samuhaseneetoo S, Nagasawa T, Watanabe S. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on aggression in elderly Thai subjects--a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Nutr Neurosci. 2002 Feb;5(1):37-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11929196

Hamazaki T, Sawazaki S, Itomura M, Nagao Y, Thienprasert A, Nagasawa T, Watanabe S. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on hostility. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2001;88:47-52. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11935969

Horowitz S. Nondrug adjuncts for seizure control: holistic support for patients with epilepsy. Altern Complement Ther. 2002;8(2):70-5.

Louis-Sylvestre J. [Phosphatidylserine and age-associated memory impairment]. Cah Nutr Diet. 1999;34(6):349-57. (Fre).

Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;159(3):477-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11870016

Nijs PM. [Bio-active substances from nutrition and herbs: Influence on the brain activity in children, elderly people and sportsmen]. Farm Tijdschr Belg. 1997;74(4):16. (Dut).

Pomerantz JM. Omega-3 fatty acids and mental health. Drug Benefit Trends. 2001;13(6):2BH-3BH.

Puri BK, Bydder GM, Counsell SJ, Corridan BJ, Richardson AJ, Hajnal JV, Appel C, Mckee HM, Vaddadi KS, Horrobin DF. MRI and neuropsychological improvement in Huntington disease following ethyl-EPA treatment. Neuroreport. 2002 Jan 21;13(1):123-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11924873

Toborek M, Malecki A, Garrido R, Mattson MP, Hennig B, Young B. Arachidonic acid-induced oxidative injury to cultured spinal cord neurons. J Neurochem. 1999 Aug;73(2):684-92. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10428065

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Gastrointestinal Health


Almallah YZ, Richardson S, O'Hanrahan T, Mowat NA, Brunt PW, Sinclair TS, Ewen S, Heys SD, Eremin O. Distal procto-colitis, natural cytotoxicity, and essential fatty acids. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 May;93(5):804-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9625132

Duggan AE, Atherton JC, Cockayne A, Balsitis M, Evison S, Hale T, Hawkey CJ, Spiller RC. Clarification of the link between polyunsaturated fatty acids and Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer disease: a dietary intervention study. Br J Nutr. 1997 Oct;78(4):515-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9389880

Lin HC, van Citters GW, Heimer F, Bonorris G. Slowing of gastrointestinal transit by oleic acid: a preliminary report of a novel, nutrient-based treatment in humans. Dig Dis Sci. 2001 Feb;46(2):223-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11281167

Meier R, Wettstein A, Drewe J, Geiser HR. Fish oil(Eicosapen) is less effective than metronidazole, in combination with pantoprazole and clarithromycin, for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Jun;15(6):851-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11380323

Middleton SJ, Naylor S, Woolner J, Hunter JO. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in the maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Jun;16(6):1131-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12030955

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Immune System Health


Fernandes G, Jolly CA. Nutrition and autoimmune disease. Nutr Rev. 1998 Jan;56(1 Pt 2):S161-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9481139

Hernandez D, Guerra R, Milena A, Torres A, Garcia S, Garcia C, Abreu P, Gonzalez A, Gomez MA, Rufino M, Gonzalez-Posada J, Lorenzo V, Salido E. Dietary fish oil does not influence acute rejection rate and graft survival after renal transplantation: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 May;17(5):897-904. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11981081

Jolly CA, Fernandes G. Diet modulates Th-1 and Th-2 cytokine production in the peripheral blood of lupus-prone mice. J Clin Immunol. 1999 May;19(3):172-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10404402

Jolly CA, Muthukumar A, Avula CP, Troyer D, Fernandes G. Life span is prolonged in food-restricted autoimmune-prone(NZB x NZW)F(1) mice fed a diet enriched with(n-3) fatty acids. J Nutr. 2001 Oct;131(10):2753-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11584100

Jolly CA, Muthukumar A, Reddy Avula CP, Fernandes G. Maintenance of NF-kappaB activation in T-lymphocytes and a naive T-cell population in autoimmune-prone(NZB/NZW)F(1) mice by feeding a food-restricted diet enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Cell Immunol. 2001 Nov 1;213(2):122-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11831874

Lim BO, Jolly CA, Zaman K, Fernandes G. Dietary(n-6) and(n-3) fatty acids and energy restriction modulate mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte function in autoimmune-prone(NZB x NZW)F1 mice. J Nutr. 2000 Jul;130(7):1657-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10867032

Reddy Avula CP, Lawrence RA, Zaman K, Fernandes G. Inhibition of intracellular peroxides and apoptosis of lymphocytes in lupus-prone B/W mice by dietary n-6 and n-3 lipids with calorie restriction. J Clin Immunol. 2002 Jul;22(4):206-19. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12148595

Tepaske R, Velthuis H, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Heisterkamp SH, van Deventer SJ, Ince C, Eysman L, Kesecioglu J. Effect of preoperative oral immune-enhancing nutritional supplement on patients at high risk of infection after cardiac surgery: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2001 Sep 1;358(9283):696-701. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11551575

Thies F, Miles EA, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Hurst TL, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults. Lipids. 2001 Nov;36(11):1183-93. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11795850

Thies F, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Yaqoob P, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, but not with other long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreases natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects aged >55 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):539-48. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11237929

Thies F, Nebe-von-Caron G, Powell JR, Yaqoob P, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Dietary supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid or fish oil decreases T lymphocyte proliferation in healthy older humans. J Nutr. 2001 Jul;131(7):1918-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11435508

Venkatraman JT, Angkeow P, Satsangi N, Fernandes G. Effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 lipids on antioxidant defense system in livers of exercised rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Dec;17(6):586-94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9853538

Weiss G, Meyer F, Matthies B, Pross M, Koenig W, Lippert H. Immunomodulation by perioperative administration of n-3 fatty acids. Br J Nutr. 2002 Jan;87 Suppl 1:S89-S94. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11895158

Yaqoob P, Knapper JA, Webb DH, Williams CM, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Effect of olive oil on immune function in middle-aged men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jan;67(1):129-35. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9440387

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Barrett PH, Watts GF. HDL kinetics, fish oils and diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 2001 Nov;159(1):243-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11689229

Farmer A, Montori V, Dinneen S, Clar C. Fish oil in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(3):CD003205. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11687050

Friedberg CE, Janssen MJ, Heine RJ, Grobbee DE. Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 1998 Apr;21(4):494-500. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9571330

Higashi K, Shige H, Ito T, Nakajima K, Ishikawa T, Nakamura H, Ohsuzu F. Effect of a low-fat diet enriched with oleic acid on postprandial lipemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids. 2001 Jan;36(1):1-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11214722

Kettler DB. Can manipulation of the ratios of essential fatty acids slow the rapid rate of postmenopausal bone loss? Altern Med Rev. 2001 Feb;6(1):61-77. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11207457

Mori TA, Dunstan DW, Burke V, Croft KD, Rivera JH, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB. Effect of dietary fish and exercise training on urinary F2-isoprostane excretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1999 Nov;48(11):1402-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10582548

Patti L, Maffettone A, Iovine C, Marino LD, Annuzzi G, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA. Long-term effects of fish oil on lipoprotein subfractions and low density lipoprotein size in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis. 1999 Oct;146(2):361-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10532692

Sheehan JP, Wei IW, Ulchaker M, Tserng KY. Effect of high fiber intake in fish oil-treated patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Nov;66(5):1183-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9356537

Sirtori CR, Paoletti R, Mancini M, Crepaldi G, Manzato E, Rivellese A, Pamparana F, Stragliotto E. N-3 fatty acids do not lead to an increased diabetic risk in patients with hyperlipidemia and abnormal glucose tolerance. Italian Fish Oil Multicenter Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;65(6):1874-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9174486

Wallace AJ, Sutherland WH, Mann JI, Williams SM. The effect of meals rich in thermally stressed olive and safflower oils on postprandial serum paraoxonase activity in patients with diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001 Nov;55(11):951-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11641743

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Sexual Function/Genitourinary Health


Christensen JH, Aaroe J, Knudsen N, Dideriksen K, Kornerup HJ, Dyerberg J, Shmidt EB. Heart rate variability and n-3 fatty acids in patients with chronic renal failure - a pilot study. Clin Nephrol. 1998 Feb;49(2):102-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9524780

Donadio JV, Larson TS, Bergstralh EJ, Grande JP. A randomized trial of high-dose compared with low-dose omega-3 fatty acids in severe IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Apr;12(4):791-9. Comment in: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001 Apr;12(4):846-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11274240

Yoshimoto-Furuie K, Yoshimoto K, Tanaka T, Saima S, Kikuchi Y, Shay J, Horrobin D F, Echizen H. Effects of oral supplementation with evening primrose oil for six weeks on plasma essential fatty acids and uremic skin symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Nephron. 1999 Feb;81(2):151-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9933750

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Sight, Hearing, and Other Sensory Organ Health


Heuberger RA, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein R, Klein BE, Millen AE, Palta M. Relationship of dietary fat to age-related maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Dec;119(12):1833-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11735796

Mostofsky DI, Yehuda S, Rabinovitz S, Carasso R. The control of blepharospasm by essential fatty acids. Neuropsychobiology. 2000;41(3):154-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10754430

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Skin Health


Boelsma E, Hendriks HF, Roza L. Nutritional skin care: health effects of micronutrients and fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 May;73(5):853-64. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11333837

Brosche T, Platt D. Effect of borage oil consumption on fatty acid metabolism, transepidermal water loss and skin parameters in elderly people. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2000;30(2):139-50.

Henz BM, Jablonska S, van de Kerkhof PC, Stingl G, Blaszczyk M, Vandervalk PG, Veenhuizen R, Muggli R, Raederstorff D. Double-blind, multicentre analysis of the efficacy of borage oil in patients with atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Apr;140(4):685-8. Comment in: Br J Dermatol. 2000 Jul;143(1):200-1. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10233322

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Other


Avula CP, Fernandes G. Modulation of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis in mice by dietary lipids and treadmill exercise. J Clin Immunol. 1999 Jan;19(1):35-44. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10080103

Avula CP, Fernandes G. Modulation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in murine salivary gland by dietary fatty acid ethyl esters. Life Sci. 1999;65(22):2373-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10597892

Bruckner G. Microcirculation, vitamin E and omega 3 fatty acids: an overview. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1997;415:195-208. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9131193

Hernandez D, Guerra R, Milena A, Torres A, Garcia S, Garcia C, Abreu P, Gonzalez A, Gomez MA, Rufino M, Gonzalez-Posada J, Lorenzo V, Salido E. Dietary fish oil does not influence acute rejection rate and graft survival after renal transplantation: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 May;17(5):897-904. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11981081

Higdon JV, Liu J, Du SH, Morrow JD, Ames BN, Wander RC. Supplementation of postmenopausal women with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is not associated with greater in vivo lipid peroxidation compared with oils rich in oleate and linoleate as assessed by plasma malondialdehyde and F(2)-isoprostanes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):714-22. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10966889

Jackson KG, Robertson MD, Fielding BA, Frayn KN, Williams CM. Measurement of apolipoprotein B-48 in the Svedberg flotation rate(Sf)>400, Sf 60-400 and Sf 20-60 lipoprotein fractions reveals novel findings with respect to the effects of dietary fatty acids on triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Clin Sci(Lond). 2002 Sep 1;103(3):227-37. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12193148

Lewis CJ, Yetley EA. Health claims and observational human data: relation between dietary fat and cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1357S-64S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10359237

Lovegrove JA, Brooks CN, Murphy MC, Gould BJ, Williams CM. Use of manufactured food enriched with fish oils as a means of increasing long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. Br J Nutr. 1997 Aug;78(2):223-36. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9301413

Marra F, Riccardi D, Melani L, Spadoni S, Galli C, Fabrizio P, Tosti-Guerra C, Carloni V, Gentilini P, Laffi G. Effects of supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids on plasma and membrane lipid composition and platelet function in patients with irrhosis and defective aggregation. J Hepatol. 1998 Apr;28(4):654-61. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9566835

Miles EA, Thies F, Wallace FA, Powell JR, Hurst TL, Newsholme EA, Calder PC. Influence of age and dietary fish oil on plasma soluble adhesion molecule concentrations. Clin Sci(Lond). 2001 Jan;100(1):91-100. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11115423

Riserus U, Berglund L, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Aug;25(8):1129-35. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11477497

Theander E, Horrobin DF, Jacobsson LT, Manthorpe R. Gammalinolenic acid treatment of fatigue associated with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol. 2002;31(2):72-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12109650

Vermeeren MA, Wouters EF, Nelissen LH, van Lier A, Hofman Z, Schols AM. Acute effects of different nutritional supplements on symptoms and functional capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Feb;73(2):295-301. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11157327

Wander RC, Du SH. Oxidation of plasma proteins is not increased after supplementation with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Sep;72(3):731-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10966891

Warren G, McKendrick M, Peet M. The role of essential fatty acids in chronic fatigue syndrome. A case-controlled study of red-cell membrane essential fatty acids(EFA) and a placebo-controlled treatment study with high dose of EFA. Acta Neurol Scand. 1999 Feb;99(2):112-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10071170

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Other Supplements

General/Multiple Health Issues


Arunachalam KD. Role of bifidobacteria in nutrition, medicine and technology. Nutr Res. 1999;19(10):1559-97.

Bengmark S, Garcia de Lorenzo A, Culebras JM. Use of pro-, pre- and synbiotics in the ICU--future options. Nutr Hosp. 2001 Nov-Dec;16(6):239-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11840588

Boeckner LS, Schnepf MI, Tungland BC. Inulin: a review of nutritional and health implications. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2001;43:1-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11285681

Crane FL. Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Dec;20(6):591-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11771674

Ellegard L, Andersson H, Bosaeus I. Inulin and oligofructose do not influence the absorption of cholesterol, or the excretion of cholesterol, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, or bile acids but increases energy excretion in ileostomy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jan;51(1):1-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9023459

Gomez-Gil B, Roque A, Turnbull JF, Inglis V. A review on the use of microorganisms as probiotics. Rev Latinoam Microbiol. 1998 Jul-Dec;40(3-4):166-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10932744

Kaikkonen J, Nyyssonen K, Tomasi A, Iannone A, Tuomainen TP, Porkkala-Sarataho E, Salonen JT. Antioxidative efficacy of parallel and combined supplementation with coenzyme Q10 and d-alpha-tocopherol in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical study. Free Radic Res. 2000 Sep;33(3):329-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10993487

Menendez R, Mas R, Amor AM, Perez Y, Gonzalez RM, Fernandez J, Molina V, Jimenez S. Antioxidant effects of D002 on the in vitro susceptibility of whole plasma in healthy volunteers. Arch Med Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;32(5):436-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11578760

Racek J, Holecek V, Trefil L. [Ubiquinol Q-10(coenzyme Q-10)]. Klin Biochem Metab. 1999;7(2):92-5. (Cze).

Roberfroid MB. Concepts in functional foods: the case of inulin and oligofructose. J Nutr. 1999 Jul;129(7 Suppl):1398S-401S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10395606

Roberfroid MB. Functional foods: concepts and application to inulin and oligofructose. Br J Nutr. 2002 May;87 Suppl 2:S139-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12088510

Velazquez M. Potential role of human gut microflora and exogenous probiotic bacteria in the metabolism of dietary precursors with potential health benefits [dissertation]. Minneapolis(MN): University of Minnesota; 2000. 242 p.

Zubillaga M, Weill R, Postaire E, Goldman C, Caro R, Boccio J. Effect of probiotics and functional foods and their use in different diseases. Nutr Res. 2001 Mar;21(3):569-79.

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Anti-Aging


Hagen TM, Liu J, Lykkesfeldt J, Wehr CM, Ingersoll RT, Vinarsky V, Bartholomew JC, Ames BN. Feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):1870-5. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 14;99(10):7184. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854487

Hagen TM, Vinarsky V, Wehr CM, Ames BN.(R)-alpha-lipoic acid reverses the age-associated increase in susceptibility of hepatocytes to tert-butylhydroperoxide both in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2000 Fall;2(3):473-83. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11229361

Jacquet A. [Evaluation of Nutricap(R) for men dietary supplement for hair complaints]. Nouv Dermatol. 1999;18(10):680-3. (Fre).

Liu J, Atamna H, Kuratsune H, Ames BN. Delaying brain mitochondrial decay and aging with mitochondrial antioxidants and metabolites. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:133-66. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11976193

Liu J, Head E, Gharib AM, Yuan W, Ingersoll RT, Hagen TM, Cotman CW, Ames BN. Memory loss in old rats is associated with brain mitochondrial decay and RNA/DNA oxidation: partial reversal by feeding acetyl-L-carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2356-61. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 14;99(10):7184-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854529

Liu J, Killilea DW, Ames BN. Age-associated mitochondrial oxidative decay: improvement of carnitine acetyltransferase substrate-binding affinity and activity in brain by feeding old rats acetyl-L- carnitine and/or R-alpha -lipoic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):1876-81. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 May 14;99(10):7184. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11854488

Lykkesfeldt J, Hagen TM, Vinarsky V, Ames BN. Age-associated decline in ascorbic acid concentration, recycling, and biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes--reversal with(R)-alpha-lipoic acid supplementation. FASEB J. 1998 Sep;12(12):1183-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9737721

Mattson MP, Duan W, Lee J, Guo Z, Roth GS, Ingram DK, Lane MA. Progress in the development of caloric restriction mimetic dietary supplements. J Antiaging Med. 2001;4(3):225-32.

Mattson MP, Duan W, Maswood N. How does the brain control lifespan? Ageing Res Rev. 2002 Apr;1(2):155-65. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12039436

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Bone and Muscle Health


Barry H. Does glucosamine sulphate affect progression of symptoms and joint structure changes in osteoarthritis? Evid Based Pract. 2001 May;4(5):5. Comment on: Lancet. 2001 Jan 27;357(9252):251-6.

Bourgeois P, Chales G, Dehais J, Delcambre B, Kuntz JL, Rozenberg S. Efficacy and tolerability of chondroitin sulfate1200 mg/day vs chondroitin sulfate 3 x 400 mg/day vs placebo. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998 May;6 Suppl A:25-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9743816

Bruyere O, Honore A, Rovati LC, Giacovelli G, Henrotin YE, Seidel L, Reginster JY. Radiologic features poorly predict clinical outcomes in knee osteoarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2002;31(1):13-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11922194

Bucsi L, Poor G. Efficacy and tolerability of oral chondroitin sulfate as a symptomatic slow-acting drug for osteoarthritis(SYSADOA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998 May;6 Suppl A:31-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9743817

Castelo-Branco C, Pons F, Vicente JJ, Sanjuan A, Vanrell JA. Preventing postmenopausal bone loss with ossein-hydroxyapatite compounds: results of a two-year, prospective trial. J Reprod Med Obstet Gynecol. 1999;44(7):601-5.

Conrozier T. [Anti-arthrosis treatments: efficacy and tolerance of chondroitin sulfates(CS 4&6)]. Presse Med. 1998 Nov 21;27(36):1862-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9856136 (Fre).

da Camara CC, Dowless GV. Glucosamine sulfate for osteoarthritis. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):580-7. Comment in: Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):602-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9606480

Das A, Hammad TA. Efficacy of a combination of FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 low molecular weight sodium chondroitin sulfate and manganese ascorbate in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000 Sep;8(5):343-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10966840

Houpt JB, McMillan R, Wein C, Paget-Dellio SD. Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol. 1999 Nov;26(11):2423-30. Comment in: J Rheumatol. 1999 Nov;26(11):2294-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10555905

Mazieres B, Combe B, Phan Van A, Tondut J, Grynfeltt M. Chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, double blind, placebo controlled multicenter clinical study. J Rheumatol. 2001 Jan;28(1):173-81. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11196521

Potera C. Can supplements reduce arthritis symptoms? Phys Sportsmed. 1997;25(12):15-6.

Qiu GX, Gao SN, Giacovelli G, Rovati L, Setnikar I. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998 May;48(5):469-74. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9638313

Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Rovati LC, Lee RL, Lejeune E, Bruyere O, Giacovelli G, Henrotin Y, Dacre JE, Gossett C. Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2001 Jan 27;357(9252):251-6. Comment in: Clin J Sport Med. 2002 Mar;12(2):136; Lancet. 2001 Jan 27;357(9252):247-8; Lancet. 2001 May 19;357(9268):1617-8; Lancet. 2001 May 19;357(9268):1617; discussion 1618; Lancet. 2001 May 19;357(9268):1617; discussion 1618; Lancet. 2001 May . Available from: PubMed; PMID 11214126

Rindone JP, Hiller D, Collacott E, Nordhaugen N, Arriola G. Randomized, controlled trial of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee. West J Med. 2000 Feb;172(2):91-4. Comment in: West J Med. 2000 Feb;172(2):95. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10693368

Tilwe GH, Beria S, Turakhia NH, Daftary GV, Schiess W. Efficacy and tolerability of oral enzyme therapy as compared to diclofenac in active osteoarthrosis of knee joint: an open randomized controlled clinical trial. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Jun;49:617-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11584936

Uebelhart D, Thonar EJ, Delmas PD, Chantraine A, Vignon E. Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998 May;6 Suppl A:39-46. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9743819

Verbruggen G, Goemaere S, Veys EM. Chondroitin sulfate: S/DMOAD(structure/disease modifying anti-osteoarthritis drug) in the treatment of finger joint OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998 May;6 Suppl A:37-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9743818

Verbruggen G, Goemaere S, Veys EM. Systems to assess the progression of finger joint osteoarthritis and the effects of disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs. Clin Rheumatol. 2002 Jun;21(3):231-43. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12111630

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Cancer


Austin S. Recent progress in treatment and secondary prevention of breast cancer with supplements. Alternat Med Rev. 1997 Jan;2(1):4-11.

Craighead PS, Young S. Phase II study assessing the feasibility of using elemental supplements to reduce acute enteritis in patients receiving radical pelvic radiotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol. 1998 Dec;21(6):573-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9856658

Gonzalez NJ, Isaacs LL. Evaluation of pancreatic proteolytic enzyme treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with nutrition and detoxification support. Nutr Cancer. 1999;33(2):117-24. Comment in: Nutr Cancer. 1999;33(2):115-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10368805

Jolliet P, Simon N, Barre J, Pons JY, Boukef M, Paniel BJ, Tillement JP. Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations in breast cancer: prognosis and therapeutic consequences. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Sep;36(9):506-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9760013

Prieme H, Loft S, Nyyssonen K, Salonen JT, Poulsen HE. No effect of supplementation with vitamin E, ascorbic acid, or coenzyme Q10 on oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion in smokers. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;65(2):503-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9022536

Urbancsek H, Kazar T, Mezes I, Neumann K. Results of a double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Antibiophilus in patients with radiation-induced diarrhoea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Apr;13(4):391-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11338068

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Cardiovascular Health


Aejmelaeus R, Metsa-Ketela T, Laippala P, Solakivi T, Alho H. Ubiquinol-10 and total peroxyl radical trapping capacity of LDL lipoproteins during aging: the effects of Q-10 supplementation. Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl:S113-20 . Available from: PubMed; PMID 9266512

Bertolami MC, Faludi AA, Batlouni M. Evaluation of the effects of a new fermented milk product(Gaio) on primary hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Feb;53(2):97-101. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10099941

Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in isolated systolic hypertension. South Med J. 2001 Nov;94(11):1112-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11780680

Davidson MH, Maki KC. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids. J Nutr. 1999 Jul;129(7 Suppl):1474S-7S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10395624

de Roos NM, Schouten G, Katan MB. Yoghurt enriched with Lactobacillus acidophilus does not lower blood lipids in healthy men and women with normal to borderline high serum cholesterol levels. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;53(4):277-80. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10334653

Ely JT, Fudenberg H, Bliznakov EG, Branch JD. Hemorrhagic stroke in human pretreated with coenzyme Q10: exceptional recovery as seen in animal models. J Orthomol Med. 1998;13(2):105-9.

Jeejeebhoy F, Keith M, Freeman M, Barr A, McCall M, Kurian R, Mazer D, Errett L. Nutritional supplementation with MyoVive repletes essential cardiac myocyte nutrients and reduces left ventricular size in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J. 2002 Jun;143(6):1092-100. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12075268

Kaikkonen JE. Coenzyme Q10: plasma analysis and role as an antioxidant [dissertation]. Kuopio(Finland): University of Kuopio; 1999. 69 p.

Munkholm H, Hansen HH, Rasmussen K. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in serious heart failure. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):285-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10416042

Rosenfeldt FL, Pepe S, Linnane A, Nagley P, Rowland M, Ou R, Marasco S, Lyon W, Esmore D. Coenzyme Q10 protects the aging heart against stress: studies in rats, human tissues, and patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:355-9; discussion 463-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11976209

Schuitemaker GE, van der Pol GA, Aretz CP, Dinant GJ. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial of magnesium-pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-glutamate for hypercholesterolaemia and other clinical-chemical risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a primary care setting. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;56(12):857-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11317472

Sinatra ST. Coenzyme Q10: a vital therapeutic nutrient for the heart with special application in congestive heart failure. Conn Med. 1997 Nov;61(11):707-11. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9419958

Sinatra ST. Refractory congestive heart failure successfully managed with high dose coenzyme Q10 administration. Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl :S299-305. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9266540

van de Vijver LP, Weber C, Kardinaal AF, Grobbee DE, Princen HM, van Poppel G. Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations are not decreased in male patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Free Radic Res. 1999 Mar;30(3):165-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10711786

Watson PS, Scalia GM, Galbraith A, Burstow DJ, Bett N, Aroney CN. Lack of effect of coenzyme Q on left ventricular function in patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 May;33(6):1549-52. Comment in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Jul;36(1):304-5; J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Mar 1;35(3):816-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10334422

Watts GF, Playford DA, Croft KD, Ward NC, Mori TA, Burke V. Coenzyme Q(10) improves endothelial dysfunction of the brachial artery in Type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2002 Mar;45(3):420-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11914748

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Cognitive Function, Mental Health, and Nervous System Health


Andreassen OA, Dedeoglu A, Friedlich A, Ferrante KL, Hughes D, Szabo C, Beal MF. Effects of an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, desmethylselegiline, trientine, and lipoic acid in transgenic ALS mice. Exp Neurol. 2001 Apr;168(2):419-24. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11259130

Andreassen OA, Ferrante RJ, Dedeoglu A, Beal MF. Lipoic acid improves survival in transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease. Neuroreport. 2001 Oct 29;12(15):3371-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11711888

Beal MF. Coenzyme Q10 administration and its potential for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):261-6. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10416039

Beal MF. Coenzyme Q10 as a possible treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Free Radic Res. 2002 Apr;36(4):455-60. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12069110

Beal MF. Mitochondria, NO and neurodegeneration. Biochem Soc Symp. 1999;66:43-54. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10989656

Beal MF, Matthews RT. Coenzyme Q10 in the central nervous system and its potential usefulness in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl:S169-79. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9266519

Beal MF, Matthews RT, Tieleman A, Shults CW. Coenzyme Q10 attenuates the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) induced loss of striatal dopamine and dopaminergic axons in aged mice. Brain Res. 1998 Feb 2;783(1):109-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9479058

Bedard M. S-adenosylmethionine(SAMe). Can Pharm J. 2000;133(8):26-41.

Bharat S, Cochran BC, Hsu M, Liu J, Ames BN, Andersen JK. Pre-treatment with R-lipoic acid alleviates the effects of GSH depletion in PC12 cells: implications for Parkinson's disease therapy. Neurotoxicology. 2002 Oct;23(4-5):479-86. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12428720

Bruce-Keller AJ, Umberger G, McFall R, Mattson MP. Food restriction reduces brain damage and improves behavioral outcome following excitotoxic and metabolic insults. Ann Neurol. 1999 Jan;45(1):8-15. Comment in: Ann Neurol. 1999 Jan;45(1):4-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9894871

Chen RS, Huang CC, Chu NS. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Short-term double-blind, crossover study. Eur Neurol. 1997;37(4):212-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9208260

Crone CC, Gabriel G. Herbal and nonherbal supplements in medical-psychiatric patient populations. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2002 Mar;25(1):211-30. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11912941

Di Rocco A, Rogers JD, Brown R, Werner P, Bottiglieri T. S-Adenosyl-Methionine improves depression in patients with Parkinson's disease in an open-label clinical trial. Mov Disord. 2000 Nov;15(6):1225-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11104210

Duan W, Lee J, Guo Z, Mattson MP. Dietary restriction stimulates BDNF production in the brain and thereby protects neurons against excitotoxic injury. J Mol Neurosci. 2001 Feb;16(1):1-12. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11345515

Femiano F, Scully C. Burning mouth syndrome(BMS): double blind controlled study of alpha-lipoic acid(thioctic acid) therapy. J Oral Pathol Med. 2002 May;31(5):267-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12110042

Ferrante RJ, Andreassen OA, Dedeoglu A, Ferrante KL, Jenkins BG, Hersch SM, Beal MF. Therapeutic effects of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci. 2002 Mar 1;22(5):1592-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11880489

Guo Z, Ersoz A, Butterfield DA, Mattson MP. Beneficial effects of dietary restriction on cerebral cortical synaptic terminals: preservation of glucose and glutamate transport and mitochondrial function after exposure to amyloid beta-peptide, iron, and 3-nitropropionic acid. J Neurochem. 2000 Jul;75(1):314-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10854276

Koroshetz WJ, Jenkins BG, Rosen BR, Beal MF. Energy metabolism defects in Huntington's disease and effects of coenzyme Q10. Ann Neurol. 1997 Feb;41(2):160-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9029064

Lee J, Duan W, Long JM, Ingram DK, Mattson MP. Dietary restriction increases the number of newly generated neural cells, and induces BDNF expression, in the dentate gyrus of rats. J Mol Neurosci. 2000 Oct;15(2):99-108. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11220789

Lee J, Herman JP, Mattson MP. Dietary restriction selectively decreases glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats. Exp Neurol. 2000 Dec;166(2):435-41. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11085908

Lee J, Seroogy KB, Mattson MP. Dietary restriction enhances neurotrophin expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult mice. J Neurochem. 2002 Feb;80(3):539-47. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11905999

Lu C, Chan SL, Haughey N, Lee WT, Mattson MP. Selective and biphasic effect of the membrane lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal on N-methyl-D-aspartate channels. J Neurochem. 2001 Aug;78(3):577-89. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11483661

Lu C, Mattson MP. Dimethyl sulfoxide suppresses NMDA- and AMPA-induced ion currents and calcium influx and protects against excitotoxic death in hippocampal neurons. Exp Neurol. 2001 Jul;170(1):180-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11421595

Matthews RT, Yang L, Browne S, Baik M, Beal MF. Coenzyme Q10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jul 21;95(15):8892-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9671775

Matthews RT, Yang L, Jenkins BG, Ferrante RJ, Rosen BR, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Beal MF. Neuroprotective effects of creatine and cyclocreatine in animal models of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci. 1998 Jan 1;18(1):156-63. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9412496

Mattson MP. Emerging neuroprotective strategies for Alzheimer's disease: dietary restriction, telomerase activation, and stem cell therapy. Exp Gerontol. 2000 Jul;35(4):489-502. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10959037

Mattson MP. Existing data suggest that Alzheimer's disease is preventable. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;924:153-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11193791

Mattson MP. Neuroprotective signaling and the aging brain: take away my food and let me run. Brain Res. 2000 Dec 15;886(1-2):47-53. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11119686

Mattson MP, Duan W, Lee J, Guo Z. Suppression of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by dietary restriction and environmental enrichment: molecular mechanisms. Mech Ageing Dev. 2001 May 31;122(7):757-78. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11322996

Pedersen WA, Mattson MP. No benefit of dietary restriction on disease onset or progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase mutant mice. Brain Res. 1999 Jun 26;833(1):117-20. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10375685

Prolla TA, Mattson MP. Molecular mechanisms of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders: lessons from dietary restriction. Trends Neurosci. 2001 Nov;24(11 Suppl):S21-31. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11881742

Shults CW, Beal MF, Fontaine D, Nakano K, Haas RH. Absorption, tolerability, and effects on mitochondrial activity of oral coenzyme Q10 in parkinsonian patients. Neurology. 1998 Mar;50(3):793-5. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9521279

Shults CW, Haas RH, Beal MF. A possible role of coenzyme Q10 in the etiology and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):267-72. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10416040

Shults CW, Haas RH, Passov D, Beal MF. Coenzyme Q10 levels correlate with the activities of complexes I and II/III in mitochondria from parkinsonian and nonparkinsonian subjects. Ann Neurol. 1997 Aug;42(2):261-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9266740

Shults CW, Oakes D, Kieburtz K, Beal MF, Haas R, Plumb S, Juncos JL, Nutt J, Shoulson I, Carter J, Kompoliti K, Perlmutter JS, Reich S, Stern M, Watts RL, Kurlan R, Molho E, Harrison M, Lew M, Parkinson Study Group. Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch Neurol. 2002 Oct;59(10):1541-50. Comment in: Arch Neurol. 2002 Oct;59(10):1523. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12374491

Strijks E, Kremer H P, Horstink M W. Q10 therapy in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Mol Aspects Med. 1997;18 Suppl:S237-40. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9266528

Yu ZF, Mattson MP. Dietary restriction and 2-deoxyglucose administration reduce focal ischemic brain damage and improve behavioral outcome: evidence for a preconditioning mechanism. J Neurosci Res. 1999 Sep 15;57(6):830-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10467254

Zhu H, Guo Q, Mattson MP. Dietary restriction protects hippocampal neurons against the death-promoting action of a presenilin-1 mutation. Brain Res. 1999 Sep 18;842(1):224-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10526115

Ziegler D, Schatz H, Conrad F, Gries FA, Ulrich H, Reichel G. Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial(DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie. Diabetes Care. 1997 Mar;20(3):369-73 . Available from: PubMed; PMID 9051389

Zisapel N. Development of a melatonin-based formulation for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly. Drug Dev Res. 2000;50(3-4):226-34.

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Gastrointestinal Health


Alles MS, Hartemink R, Meyboom S, Harryvan JL, Van Laere KM, Nagengast FM, Hautvast JG. Effect of transgalactooligosaccharides on the composition of the human intestinal microflora and on putative risk markers for colon cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;69(5):980-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10232640

Ferencik M, Ebringer L, Mikes Z, Jahnova E, Ciznar I. [Successful modification of human intestinal microflora with oral administration of lactic acid bacteria]. Bratisl Lek Listy. 1999 May;100(5):238-45. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10500327 (Slo).

Folwaczny C. [Probiotics for prevention of ulcerative colitis recurrence: alternative medicine added to standard treatment?]. Z Gastroenterol. 2000 Jun;38(6):547-50. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10923365 (Ger).

Gibson GR, Fooks LJ, Gibson GR. Probiotics as modulators of the gut flora. Br J Nutr. 2002 Sep;88 Suppl 1:S39-49. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12215180

Goerg KJ, Schlorer E. [Probiotic therapy of pseudomembranous colitis. Combination of intestinal lavage and oral administration of Escherichia coli]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1998 Oct 23;123(43):1274-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9817997 (Ger).

Hunter JO, Tuffnell Q, Lee AJ. Controlled trial of oligofructose in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. J Nutr. 1999 Jul;129(7 Suppl):1451S-3S. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10395619

Lewis SJ, Potts LF, Barry RE. The lack of therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-related diarrhoea in elderly patients. J Infect. 1998 Mar;36(2):171-4. Comment in: J Infect. 1998 Nov;37(3):307-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9570649

Meance S, Cayuela C, Turchet P, Raimondi A, Lucas C, Antoine JM. A fermented milk with a Bifidobacterium probiotic strain DN-173 010 shortened oro-fecal gut transit time in elderly. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2001;13(4):217-22.

Michetti P, Dorta G, Wiesel PH, Brassart D, Verdu E, Herranz M, Felley C, Porta N, Rouvet M, Blum AL, Corthesy-Theulaz I. Effect of whey-based culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus(johnsonii) La1 on Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. Digestion. 1999;60(3):203-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10343133

Ouwehand AC, Lagstrom H, Suomalainen T, Salminen S. Effect of probiotics on constipation, fecal azoreductase activity and fecal mucin content in the elderly. Ann Nutr Metab. 2002;46(3-4):159-62. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12169860

Pochapin M. The effect of probiotics on Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jan;95(1 Suppl):S11-3. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Aug;95(8):2128. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10634221

Saltzman JR, Russell RM, Golner B, Barakat S, Dallal GE, Goldin BR. A randomized trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 to treat lactose intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jan;69(1):140-6. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;71(2):600-2. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9925136

Sato S, Kumagai I, Chida T, Yamaguchi T, Sakashita Y, Fujiwara T, Sasaki H, Kumagai K, Endo R, Iwai M, Kato C, Takikawa Y, Suzuki K, Masuda T, Ouchu K. [A case of intractable intrahepatic cholestasis treated with coenzyme Q10(ubidecarenone)]. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2000 Dec;97(12):1487-91. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11193494 (Jpn).

Teuri U, Korpela R. Galacto-oligosaccharides relieve constipation in elderly people. Ann Nutr Metab. 1998;42(6):319-27. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9895419

Thomas MR, Litin SC, Osmon DR, Corr AP, Weaver AL, Lohse CM. Lack of effect of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Sep;76(9):883-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11560298

Venturi A, Gionchetti P, Rizzello F, Johansson R, Zucconi E, Brigidi P, Matteuzzi D, Campieri M. Impact on the composition of the faecal flora by a new probiotic preparation: preliminary data on maintenance treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Aug;13(8):1103-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10468688

Wang HF, Lim PS, Kao MD, Chan EC, Lin LC, Wang NP. Use of isomalto-oligosaccharide in the treatment of lipid profiles and constipation in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2001 Apr;11(2):73-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11295027

Wingate D, Phillips SF, Lewis SJ, Malagelada JR, Speelman P, Steffen R, Tytgat GN. Guidelines for adults on self-medication for the treatment of acute diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Jun;15(6):773-82. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11380315

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Immune System Health


Arunachalam K, Gill HS, Chandra RK. Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis(HN019). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;54(3):263-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10713750

Chiang BL, Sheih YH, Wang LH, Liao CK, Gill HS. Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium(Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;54(11):849-55. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11114680

Gill HS, Rutherfurd KJ, Cross ML, Gopal PK. Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;74(6):833-9. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11722966

Playford RJ, MacDonald CE, Calnan DP, Floyd DN, Podas T, Johnson W, Wicks AC, Bashir O, Marchbank T. Co-administration of the health food supplement, bovine colostrum, reduces the acute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced increase in intestinal permeability. Clin Sci. 2001 Jun;100(6):627-33. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11352778

Sheih YH, Chiang BL, Wang LH, Liao CK, Gill HS. Systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Apr;20(2 Suppl):149-56. Available from: PubMed; PMID 11349938

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Menopause and Other Endocrine Health


Eriksson JG, Forsen TJ, Mortensen SA, Rohde M. The effect of coenzyme Q10 administration on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biofactors. 1999;9(2-4):315-8. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10416046

Jackson KG, Taylor GR, Clohessy AM, Williams CM. The effect of the daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women. Br J Nutr. 1999 Jul;82(1):23-30. Comment in: Br J Nutr. 1999 Jul;82(1):3-4. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10655953

Parikh P, Mani U, Iyer U. Role of Spirulina in the control of glycemia and lipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Food. 2001;4(4):193-9.

Ruhnau KJ, Meissner HP, Finn JR, Reljanovic M, Lobisch M, Schutte K, Nehrdich D, Tritschler HJ, Mehnert H, Ziegler D. Effects of 3-week oral treatment with the antioxidant thioctic acid(alpha-lipoic acid) in symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetic Med. 1999 Dec;16(12):1040-3. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10656234

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Skin Health


Murad H, Tabibian MP. The effect of an oral supplement containing glucosamine, amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants on cutaneous aging: a preliminary study. J Dermatolog Treat. 2001 Mar;12(1):47-51. Available from: PubMed; PMID 12171689

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Other


Axelsen M, Lonnroth P, Lenner RA, Taskinen MR, Smith U. Suppression of nocturnal fatty acid concentrations by bedtime carbohydrate supplement in type 2 diabetes: Effects on insulin sensitivity, lipids, and glycemic control. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5):1108-14. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10799372

Bonetti A, Solito F, Carmosino G, Bargossi AM, Fiorella PL. Effect of ubidecarenone oral treatment on aerobic power in middle-aged trained subjects. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2000 Mar;40(1):51-7. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10822909

Matheu V, Gracia Bara MT, Pelta R, Vivas E, Rubio M. Immediate-hypersensitivity reaction to glucosamine sulfate. Allergy. 1999 Jun;54(6):643. Available from: PubMed; PMID 10435483

Ronca F, Palmieri L, Panicucci P, Ronca G. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1998 May;6 Suppl A:14-21. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9743814

Rosenkranz HS, Zhang YP, Klopman G. Studies on the potential for genotoxic carcinogenicity of fragrances and other chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Aug;36(8):687-96. Available from: PubMed; PMID 9734719

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First published: 13 January 2003
Last updated: 18 October 2006
Date Archived: 14 December 2006
Metadata | Permanence level: Permanent: Stable Content